CN106954736B - Method for producing composite microecological active biological feed for ruminant by using waste mushroom residue - Google Patents
Method for producing composite microecological active biological feed for ruminant by using waste mushroom residue Download PDFInfo
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 51
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000012286 Chitinases Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
- 108010022172 Chitinases Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000010643 digestive system disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural biology, in particular to a method for producing a composite microecological active biological feed for ruminants by using waste mushroom residues, which comprises the steps of wetting and stirring the waste mushroom residues generated after edible mushrooms are harvested with crushed crop straw powder by using water to finally ensure that the water content of the material is 60-70%, inoculating 3-10% of a composite enzyme-producing microbial agent into the mixed material, fully stirring, inoculating and fermenting. The method takes the waste mushroom residues as the main raw material, is matched with crop straws, inoculates a plurality of enzyme-producing microorganisms, and produces the composite microbial ecological active biological feed for the ruminant through fermentation, has the advantages of simple and convenient preparation, environmental protection, no antibiotic in the product, wide raw material source and low cost, can improve the intestinal digestion environment of the ruminant, promote digestion, improve the growth of the ruminant, not only solves the secondary utilization problem of the mushroom residues, but also has important significance for the development of animal husbandry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural biology, in particular to a production method for transforming waste mushroom residues generated after edible mushroom production into biological feed for ruminants with micro-ecological activity by using the waste mushroom residues as a substrate and through the action of various beneficial enzyme-producing microorganisms.
Background
The ruminant cattle and sheep breeding industry is the traditional livestock industry in China, in recent years, with the implementation of the plan of 'returning to forest and returning to field' in China, the breeding scale of cattle and sheep is mainly implemented in a captive breeding mode, the feed source is the guarantee of successful captive breeding of the ruminants, and the problem that the utilization rate and the conversion rate of coarse feed in the ruminant breeding industry of cattle, sheep and the like become to be solved urgently is solved. According to statistics, more than 5 hundred million tons of crop straws are produced every year, only 1/4 is utilized, and 3/4 needs to be developed urgently. If 20% of 5 hundred million tons of crop straws are used for producing the feed every year, 800 hundred million kilograms of feed can be obtained, which is equivalent to 75% of the total annual feed consumption in China at present, so that the contradiction of 'food competition between people and livestock' is greatly relieved, and the development of animal husbandry is greatly promoted. The utilization rate and the conversion rate of fiber feeds such as straws and the like can be obviously improved by treating crop straws with the enzyme-producing microorganisms.
The production of the edible fungi mainly utilizes agricultural wastes such as crop straws, corncobs, cottonseeds, sawdust shells and the like. The mushroom residue is the residual culture medium waste after the edible mushroom is harvested. China is a large edible fungus producing country, is second to the sixth major product of grain, cotton, oil, fruit and vegetable in the planting industry, and the export amount accounts for more than 80 percent of the total export amount of Asia and more than 40 percent of the global trade. However, after the edible fungi are harvested, a large amount of waste mushroom residues are generated, the yield reaches 7800 ten thousand tons/year, the yield of 420 ten thousand tons/year in Liaoning province, and the treatment of the waste mushroom residues is an urgent problem to be solved. Research shows that the waste mushroom residues mainly comprise the following components: cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, mycoprotein, vitamins, mineral elements and the like. At present, the main treatment method is to pour the waste into a ditch or directly burn the waste, which not only causes great waste of agricultural organic resources, but also pollutes the ecological environment. Therefore, scientific methods and mature technologies are lacked for high-added-value recycling of mushroom residues at home and abroad, and scientific treatment of waste mushroom residues is a scientific research subject which is worthy of attention and discussion. The invention uses the waste mushroom residue as the main raw material, produces the composite microbial ecological active biological feed by the fermentation of the enzyme-producing microorganism, has simple manufacture, does not add antibiotics, solves the utilization rate and the conversion rate of the fiber coarse feed straw and the like, and is beneficial to the benign development of the livestock industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound microbial ecological active biological feed for ruminants, which takes waste mushroom residues as a main raw material, is matched with crop straws, is inoculated with a plurality of enzyme-producing microorganisms, is fermented to produce the compound microbial ecological active biological feed for the ruminants, is simple and convenient to prepare and environment-friendly, does not contain antibiotics, has wide raw material sources and low cost, can improve the intestinal digestion environment of the ruminants, promotes digestion and improves the growth of the ruminants, not only solves the problem of secondary utilization of the mushroom residues, but also has important significance for the development of animal husbandry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
waste mushroom residues (pollution-free) generated after the edible mushrooms are harvested are bagged and crushed, and are matched with crushed crop straw powder, and the mixture is wetted and stirred by water, so that the water content of the material is 60-70%.
Inoculating 3-10% of composite enzyme-producing microbial agent into the mixed material, and fully stirring. Ensuring that the compound enzyme-producing microbial inoculum is fully contacted and mixed with the mixed material. Compound enzyme-producing microbial agent: cellulase producing bacteria, protease producing bacteria, lipase producing bacteria, amylase producing bacteria, chitinase producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria are mixed according to the weight ratio of (2.6-3): (2.5-3): (0.8-1): (0.6-1): 1.5-2.
Placing the inoculated material in a fermentation tank, and performing sealed facultative anaerobic fermentation for 5-20 days under natural conditions. Ventilating for 25-30 min every 12 hr during fermentation. And when the materials are completely converted into semi-solid, detecting that the biomass of the microorganisms reaches the index, and ending the fermentation.
Another object of the present invention is to claim a composite microecological active biological feed for ruminants prepared by the above method, characterized in that: the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 30 hundred million/g; the pH value is 5.4-7.5; the organic matter content is more than or equal to 67 percent; the appearance is light brown semisolid and has no mildew block; the odor is mellow and sour.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the waste mushroom residues are converted into the composite microecological active biological feed for the ruminant with high added value through the biotechnology, so that the utilization rate and the conversion rate of the fiber paper roughage for the ruminant are solved; meanwhile, the high-efficiency utilization of the waste mushroom residues is realized; avoids the environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the waste mushroom residues. The compound enzyme-producing microbial agent is prepared by reasonable proportion, not only has good fermentation effect, but also contains beneficial bacteria which are beneficial to improving the digestive system of the ruminant, and plays a role in preventing and treating digestive system diseases. The composite microecological active biological feed for the ruminants effectively regulates the microecological environment of the intestinal tracts of the ruminants, enriches the types and the number of active beneficial microorganisms in vivo, enhances the immunity of organisms, reduces the disease incidence, does not contain antibiotics, promotes the growth of the ruminants, and has important scientific significance for the development of the breeding industry of the ruminants.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the contents of the examples in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental procedures described in the examples are conventional and, unless otherwise specified, the chemicals and materials described are commercially available.
Preferably, the strain used for preparing the compound enzyme-producing microbial agent is derived from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC). Strain list: cellulase producing strain (CGMCC No. 3.316), protease producing strain (CGMCC No. 1.265), lipase producing strain (CGMCC No. 2.1405), amylase producing strain (CGMCC No. 1.803), chitinase producing strain (CGMCC No. 8580), and lactobacillus (CGMCC No. 1.579).
Example 1
(1) Mechanically or manually crushing the pollution-free mushroom residues generated after the edible mushrooms are harvested into fragments of about 0.5mm multiplied by 0.5 mm.
(2) Adding 40% of crop straw powder (1mm multiplied by 1mm) into the mushroom residue treated in the step (1), and stirring the mixture of the mushroom residue and the crop straw powder by using tap water to obtain a final material with water content of about 60%.
(3) Activating and gradually enlarging culturing cellulase producing bacteria, protease producing bacteria, lipase producing bacteria, amylase producing bacteria, chitinase producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to prepare the microbial inoculum. The weight ratio of the composite microbial inoculum cellulase producing bacteria to the protease producing bacteria to the lipase producing bacteria to the amylase producing bacteria to the chitinase producing bacteria to the lactic acid bacteria is 3:3:1:1:2:2, so that the composite microbial inoculum has a good fermentation effect, contains beneficial bacteria which are beneficial to improving the digestive system of the ruminant and plays a role in preventing and treating digestive system diseases.
(4) Inoculating the compound enzyme-producing microbial agent prepared in the step (3) to a mixture of mushroom residues and crop straw powder (the inoculation amount is 3% of the dry weight of the mushroom residues), and fully stirring to ensure that the microbial agent is fully contacted and uniformly mixed with the materials.
(5) And (3) putting the mixed material obtained in the step (4) into a fermentation tank built by cement or a simple fermentation tank (the size of the fermentation tank is determined according to actual production, and the depth is controlled to be 50-70 cm), and if the fermentation tank is the simple fermentation tank, paving a plastic film at the bottom of the fermentation tank to prevent liquid leakage and enable the mixed material to be in a loose state.
(6) Sealing the fermentation tank with plastic film, keeping the temperature at 20-35 deg.C, and compressing with air compressor (50 m) every 12 hr3Min) ventilating for 25-30 min, and fermenting for 15-20 days to completely convert the materials into semisolid. And (3) detecting the microbial biomass and the enzyme activity, namely finishing the production of the composite microbial ecological active biological feed for the ruminants by taking the waste mushroom residues as the main raw material.
Example 2
(1) Mechanically or manually crushing the pollution-free mushroom residues generated after the edible mushrooms are harvested into fragments of about 0.5mm multiplied by 0.5 mm.
(2) Adding 40% of crop straw powder (1mm multiplied by 1mm) into the mushroom residue treated in the step (1), and stirring the mixture of the mushroom residue and the crop straw powder by using natural water to obtain a final material with water content of about 60%.
(3) Activating and gradually enlarging culturing cellulase producing bacteria, protease producing bacteria, lipase producing bacteria, amylase producing bacteria, chitinase producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to prepare the microbial inoculum. The weight ratio of the composite microbial inoculum cellulase producing strain, the protease producing strain, the lipase producing strain, the amylase producing strain, the chitinase producing strain and the lactic acid bacteria is 3:3:1:1:2:2,
(4) inoculating the compound enzyme-producing microbial agent prepared in the step (3) to a mixture of mushroom residues and crop straw powder (the inoculation amount is 5.5% of the dry weight of the mushroom residues), and fully stirring to ensure that the microbial agent is fully contacted and uniformly mixed with the materials.
(5) And (3) putting the mixed material obtained in the step (4) into a fermentation tank built by cement or a simple fermentation tank (the size of the fermentation tank is determined according to actual production, and the depth is controlled to be 50-70 cm), and if the fermentation tank is the simple fermentation tank, paving a plastic film at the bottom of the fermentation tank to prevent liquid leakage and enable the mixed material to be in a loose state.
(6) Sealing the fermentation tank with plastic film, keeping the temperature at 20-35 deg.C, and compressing with air compressor (50 m) every 12 hr3Min) ventilating for 25-30 min, and fermenting for 10-15 days to completely convert the materials into semisolid. And (3) detecting the microbial biomass and the enzyme activity, namely finishing the production of the composite microbial ecological active biological feed for the ruminants by taking the waste mushroom residues as the main raw material.
Example 3
(1) Mechanically or manually crushing mushroom residues generated after the edible mushrooms are harvested into fragments of about 0.5mm multiplied by 0.5 mm.
(2) Adding 40% of crop straw powder (1mm multiplied by 1mm) into the mushroom slag treated in the step (1), and stirring the mixture of the mushroom slag and the crop straw powder by using natural water to obtain a final material with water content of about 60%.
(3) Activating and gradually enlarging culturing cellulase producing bacteria, protease producing bacteria, lipase producing bacteria, amylase producing bacteria, chitinase producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to prepare the microbial inoculum. The weight ratio of the composite microbial inoculum cellulase producing strain, the protease producing strain, the lipase producing strain, the amylase producing strain, the chitinase producing strain and the lactic acid bacteria is 3:3:1:1:2:2,
(4) inoculating the enzyme-producing mixed microbial agent prepared in the step (3) to a mixture of mushroom residues and crop straw powder (the inoculation amount is 8.5% of the dry weight of the mushroom residues), and fully stirring to ensure that the microbial agent is fully contacted with the materials and uniformly mixed.
(5) And (3) putting the mixed material obtained in the step (4) into a fermentation tank built by cement or a simple fermentation tank (the size of the fermentation tank is determined according to actual production, and the depth is controlled to be 50-70 cm), and if the fermentation tank is the simple fermentation tank, paving a plastic film at the bottom of the fermentation tank to prevent liquid leakage and enable the mixed material to be in a loose state.
(6) Sealing the fermentation tank with plastic film, keeping the temperature at 20-35 deg.C, and compressing with air compressor (50 m) every 12 hr3Min) ventilating for 25-30 min, and fermenting for 5-10 days to completely convert the materials into semisolid. And (3) detecting the microbial biomass and the enzyme activity, namely finishing the production of the composite microbial ecological active biological feed for the ruminants by taking the waste mushroom residues as the main raw material.
Example 4
(1) Mechanically or manually crushing mushroom residues generated after the edible mushrooms are harvested into fragments of about 0.5mm multiplied by 0.5 mm.
(2) Adding 40% of crop straw powder (1mm multiplied by 1mm) into the mushroom residue treated in the step (1), and stirring the mixture of the mushroom residue and the crop straw powder by using natural water to obtain a final material with water content of about 60%.
(3) Activating and gradually enlarging culturing cellulase producing bacteria, protease producing bacteria, lipase producing bacteria, amylase producing bacteria, chitinase producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to prepare the microbial inoculum. The weight ratio of the composite microbial inoculum cellulase producing strain, the protease producing strain, the lipase producing strain, the amylase producing strain, the chitinase producing strain and the lactic acid bacteria is 3:3:1:1:2:2,
(4) inoculating the enzyme-producing mixed microbial agent prepared in the step (3) to a mixture of mushroom residues and crop straw powder (the inoculation amount is 10% of the dry weight of the mushroom residues), and fully stirring to ensure that the microbial agent is fully contacted and uniformly mixed with the materials.
(5) And (3) putting the mixed material obtained in the step (4) into a fermentation tank built by cement or a simple fermentation tank (the size of the fermentation tank is determined according to actual production, and the depth is controlled to be 50-70 cm), and if the fermentation tank is the simple fermentation tank, paving a plastic film at the bottom of the fermentation tank to prevent liquid leakage and enable the mixed material to be in a loose state.
(6) Sealing the fermentation tank with plastic film, keeping the temperature at 20-35 deg.C, and compressing with air compressor (50 m) every 12 hr3Min) ventilating for 25-30 min, and fermenting for 5-10 days to completely convert the materials into semisolid. Detecting the microbial biomass and the enzyme activity, namely completing the production of the composite microbial ecological active biological feed for the ruminants by taking the waste mushroom residues as the main raw material
Example 5
The main physical and chemical index detection is carried out on the ruminant composite micro-ecological active biological feed produced by the method of the embodiment 1-4, and the result is as follows:
through detection, the total number of effective live bacteria of the composite micro-ecological active biological feed for the ruminants produced in the examples 1 to 4 is more than or equal to 4.0 × 1010CFU/g; the activity of the cellulase FPA is more than or equal to 560U/g; the protease activity is more than or equal to 300U/g; the lipase activity is more than or equal to 120U/g; the amylase activity is more than or equal to 140U/g; the activity of the chitinase is more than or equal to 350U/g.
Claims (1)
1. A method for producing a composite microecological active biological feed for ruminants by using waste mushroom residues comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing waste mushroom residues generated after the edible mushrooms are harvested;
(2) adding 30-40 wt% of crop straw powder into the waste mushroom residue, and stirring with water to make the water content of the final material be 60-70%;
(3) activating and gradually culturing cellulase producing bacteria, protease producing bacteria, lipase producing bacteria, amylase producing bacteria, chitinase producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to prepare a microbial agent, and mixing the microbial agent according to the mass ratio of 3:3:1:1:2:2 to prepare a compound enzyme-producing microbial agent; the cellulase producing strain is numbered in CGMCC: 3.316, the protease producing strain CGMCC number: 1.265, the numbering of lipase producing bacteria CGMCC: 2.1405, the amylase producing strain CGMCC number: 1.803, the chitinase producing strain CGMCC number: 8580. lactic acid bacteria CGMCC No.: 1.579;
(4) inoculating the compound enzyme-producing microbial inoculum to the material obtained in the step (2), and fully stirring to ensure that the compound enzyme-producing microbial inoculum is fully contacted and uniformly mixed with the material; the inoculation amount is 3-10% of the dry weight of the mushroom residue
(5) Putting the mixed material obtained in the step (4) into a fermentation tank, and sealing; preserving heat at 20-35 ℃, ventilating for 25-30 minutes every 12 hours, and fermenting for 5-20 days to obtain the composite microbial ecological active biological feed for the ruminant; the fermentation tank is a fermentation tank built by cement or a simple fermentation tank, a plastic film is laid at the bottom of the simple fermentation tank, the size of the fermentation tank is determined according to actual production, and the depth of the fermentation tank is controlled to be 50-70 cm;
the effective viable count of the biological feed is more than or equal to 4.0 × 1010CFU/g; the activity of the cellulase FPA is more than or equal to 560U/g; the protease activity is more than or equal to 300U/g; the lipase activity is more than or equal to 120U/g; the amylase activity is more than or equal to 140U/g; the activity of the chitinase is more than or equal to 350U/g; the pH value is 5.4-7.5; the organic matter content is more than or equal to 67 percent; the appearance is light brown semisolid and has no mildew block; the odor is mellow and sour.
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| CN109938170A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-06-28 | 江苏赤山湖农业科技有限公司 | A kind of ensilage preparation method of agricultural crop straw and the mixed storage of grocery trade byproduct |
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Application publication date: 20170718 Assignee: Dalian Zhenaoxin Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: DALIAN University Contract record no.: X2023210000234 Denomination of invention: A method for producing composite microbial active feed for ruminant animals using waste mushroom residue Granted publication date: 20200922 License type: Common License Record date: 20231129 |
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