CN115088658A - Method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain - Google Patents
Method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain Download PDFInfo
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- CN115088658A CN115088658A CN202210913866.6A CN202210913866A CN115088658A CN 115088658 A CN115088658 A CN 115088658A CN 202210913866 A CN202210913866 A CN 202210913866A CN 115088658 A CN115088658 A CN 115088658A
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- crab
- breeding
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- cement pond
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for indoor cream breeding of scylla paramamosain, which comprises the following steps: (1) arranging at least one crab apartment in the cement pond, detaching a door plate of a breeding box of the crab apartment, reserving an empty space in the cement pond as a feeding and moving area of the blue crabs, and uniformly arranging air pipes or air stones at the bottom of the cement pond; (2) injecting clean seawater into the cement pond to submerge the crab apartments; (3) selecting healthy empty mothers with average gonad index of 1.2-1.6, and placing in the above cement pond for culturing for 15-20 days. The invention utilizes the advantages of the crab apartment breeding equipment and overcomes the defects thereof, establishes the method for breeding the mud in the cave of the scylla paramamosain, and compared with the original crab apartment breeding mode, the method has the advantages that the mud breeding time can be shortened by more than 10-15 days, the breeding time and the labor cost are saved, and the healthy development of the blue crab breeding industry is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of scylla paramamosain cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for indoor paste cultivation of scylla paramamosain.
Background
Scylla paramamosain (Scylla paramamosain) belongs to Arthropoda, Crustacea, Octopus, Paradisidae, and Scylla. The scylla paramamosain has delicious meat, rich nutrition, fast growth, large size, strong stress resistance and good culture benefit, and is an important cultured crab in south China. The '2020 Chinese fishery resource statistics yearbook statistics' shows that the breeding yield of the Scylla paramamosain in China is about 16 ten thousand tons per year, the yield value exceeds 200 billion yuan per year, and the Scylla paramamosain occupies a certain place in the aquaculture industry.
Female blue crabs mate, and the ovaries of the female blue crabs are orange yellow or orange red after fully developing, so that the female blue crabs are called red mud crabs. The red mud crab has rich nutrition, delicious taste and high market price, the price of the red mud crab can reach 400 yuan/Kg before and after spring festival, and the red mud crab is a blue crab product with high added value. However, female blue crabs which have a small meat content and whose gonads have not developed yet, are called "empty females" immediately after mating. The market price of the 'empty mothers' is low, and only half of the price of the red cream crabs is available. Generally, the 'empty mothers' can be bred into red cream crabs after being bred for about 3 months. The 'empty mothers' are quickly cultivated into the red cream crabs by adopting a specific cultivation technology, and the economic benefit is improved.
In recent years, a land-based factory crab breeding mode, namely a crab apartment breeding mode, is being popularized and applied. The crab apartment is a three-dimensional breeding device assembled by a plurality of layers of breeding boxes, one breeding box is used for breeding one crab, mutual killing of the crabs can be avoided, and the crab apartment is suitable for breeding fattening, cream-breeding and soft-shell crabs and improving the breeding yield of unit area. However, the crab apartment cultivation in the prior art has some disadvantages, such as: (1) the crabs are limited in a narrow breeding box, so that the crab breeding box has a stress effect on the growth and development of animals; (2) the culture process needs to feed and clean the residues and the excrement in each culture box independently, and a large amount of labor is consumed. (3) The crab culture is disturbed and influenced by the continuous jet flow oxygenation mode of the water inlet pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for indoor cream culturing of scylla paramamosain comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging at least one crab apartment in the cement pond, dismantling a door plate of a breeding box of the crab apartment, reserving an empty space in the cement pond as a feeding and activity area of the blue crabs, and uniformly arranging air pipes or air stones at the bottom of the cement pond;
(2) injecting clean seawater into the cement pond to submerge the crab apartment;
(3) selecting empty mothers with average gonad index of 1.2-1.6, placing in the above-mentioned cement pool, culturing for 15-20d, in the course of culturing, keeping water temperature at 23-30 deg.C and salinity at 15-26, and keeping aeration of trachea or air stone during the period of soaking crab apartment in clean seawater, feeding fish and shellfish twice a day in the morning and evening in the above-mentioned feeding and activity area, and feeding quantity of 10-20% of weight of empty mothers every day, emptying seawater in the cement pool once a day and cleaning food residue and excrement, and after 1-2h of dry exposure, re-injecting clean seawater.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cement pit has a length of 6 to 10m and a width of 4 to 5 m.
Further preferably, the cultivation density of the empty mothers is at most 10/m 2 。
Still more preferably, the area of the feeding and activity area is 20-35% of the bottom area of the cement pool.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the crab apartment is 3 to 6m and the height is 0.8 to 1.2 m.
Further preferably, the depth of the clean seawater is 1.4-1.6 m.
Further preferably, each crab apartment has 140 and 300 breeding boxes.
Still more preferably, the length of the culture box is 32-35cm, the width of the culture box is 20-22cm, and the height of the culture box is 10-16 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crab apartment is at a distance of at least 1m from the side wall of the cement pit.
Further preferably, the distance between every two adjacent crab apartments is 1-1.5 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with a crab apartment culture mode (Huangweiqin, Ribes, Zhangyi, Yehaihui, Single beautiful Jue. crab apartment culture red cream crab culture technology, scientific fish culture, 2017, 1: 35-36) in the prior art, the cream culture time can be shortened by more than 10-15d, the culture time and the labor cost are saved, and the healthy development of the blue crab culture industry is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated and described by the following detailed description.
The specification of the cultivation box in the following embodiment is as follows: length (32-35cm) x width (20-22cm) x height (10-16 cm). In the invention, the culture box mainly plays a role of a crab cave, and the culture box with slightly changed specifications does not influence the production effect in the actual production.
Example 1
An indoor cement pit with a length of 6m and a width of 4m was selected. On the side of the cement pool water outlet, an empty space of 8m2 is reserved. Each crab apartment is about 3m in length and about 1m in height, and is composed of 6 layers of cultivation boxes, and 144 cultivation boxes are arranged in each crab apartment. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1m, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as food intake and activity spaces for the blue crabs. Bottom air pipes are arranged at the longitudinal two sides and the center of the cement pond, and clean seawater is injected to the water level of 1.5m to submerge the crab apartments. 240 healthy 'empty mothers' are selected for cultivation, the average value of the gonadal index (GSI) is 1.3, the water temperature in the cultivation process is maintained at 23-26 ℃, the salinity is 23-25, the whole process is aerated to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content is kept above 5mg/L, fish and shellfish are fed twice in the morning and at the evening every day, the fish and shellfish are dispersedly fed in the empty space of a cement pond, and the feeding amount per day is 10-20% of the weight of the blue crabs. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of exposure. After 20 days of culture, the average value of the gonadal indexes of the green crabs is 7.2 during harvest, the ovaries are mature, the commercial specification of the red cream crabs is reached, and the culture survival rate is 90.7%.
Example 2
An indoor cement pit with a length of 10m and a width of 5m was selected. Reserving 10-15m at one side of a cement pond water outlet 2 Is open space. Crab apartment equipment is installed in the pool. Each crab apartment is about 6m in length and about 1m in height, and consists of 6 layers of cultivation boxes. Each crab apartment contains 288 breeding boxes. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1.5m water level, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as feeding and activity spaces of the blue crabs. Arranging bottom air pipes at two longitudinal sides and the center of the cement pond, injecting clean seawater of 1.5m, and submerging the crab apartments. Selecting 500 healthy "empty mothers" for culturing, keeping the average value of gonadal index (GSI) at 1.2, maintaining the water temperature at 25-28 deg.C and salinity at 23-26, aerating during the whole process to keep dissolved oxygen at above 5mg/L, feeding fish and shellfish twice in the morning and at night every day, and dispersedly throwingThe feeding amount in the open space of the cement pond is 10-20% of the weight of the blue crabs every day. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of exposure. After 15 days of culture, the average gonad index of the green crabs is 6.8 when the green crabs are harvested, the ovaries are mature, the commercial specification of the red mud crabs is reached, and the survival rate reaches 91.6%.
Example 3
An indoor cement pit with a length of 6m and a width of 4m was selected. On the side of the cement pool water outlet, an empty space of 8m2 is reserved. The length of each crab apartment is about 3m, the height is about 1m (composed of 6 layers of cultivation boxes), and the number of the cultivation boxes of each crab apartment is 144. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1m, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as food intake and activity spaces for the blue crabs. Bottom air pipes are arranged at the longitudinal two sides and the center of the cement pond, and clean seawater is injected to the water level of 1.5m to submerge the crab apartments. 200 healthy 'empty mothers' are selected for cultivation, the average value of the gonadal index (GSI) is 1.6, the water temperature in the cultivation process is maintained at 26-29 ℃, the salinity is 15-18, the whole process is aerated, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 5mg/L, fish and shellfish are fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the fish and shellfish are dispersedly fed in the empty space of a cement pond, and the feeding amount is 15-20% of the weight of the blue crabs every day. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of exposure. After 20 days of culture, the average gonad index of the green crabs is 8.2 when the green crabs are harvested, the ovary development is close to maturity, the commercial specification of the red cream crabs is reached, and the culture survival rate reaches 91.9%.
Example 4
An indoor cement pit is selected, the length of the pit is 10m, and the width of the pit is 5 m. On the side of the cement pond water outlet, an empty space of 15m2 is reserved. Crab apartment equipment is installed in the pool. Each crab apartment is about 6m in length and about 1m in height, and consists of 6 layers of cultivation boxes. Each crab apartment contains 288 breeding boxes. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1.5m, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as food intake and activity spaces for the blue crabs. Bottom air pipes are arranged at the two longitudinal sides and the center of the cement pond, clean seawater is injected to the water level of 1.5m, and the crab apartments are submerged. Selecting 400 healthy 'empty crabs' for cultivation, wherein the average value of the gonadal index (GSI) is 1.5, the water temperature in the cultivation process is maintained at 27-30 ℃, the salinity is 15-18, the whole process is aerated, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 5mg/L, the fish and the shellfish are fed twice in the morning and at night every day, and the fish and the shellfish are dispersedly fed in the empty space of a cement pond, and the feeding amount is 15-20% of the weight of the blue crabs every day. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of exposure. After 15 days of culture, the average value of the gonadal indexes of the green crabs is 7.7 during harvest, the ovaries are mature, the commercial specification of the red cream crabs is reached, and the culture survival rate reaches 93.2%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging at least one crab apartment in the cement pond, detaching a door plate of a breeding box of the crab apartment, reserving an empty space in the cement pond as a feeding and moving area of the blue crabs, and uniformly arranging air pipes or air stones at the bottom of the cement pond;
(2) injecting clean seawater into the cement pond to submerge the crab apartments;
(3) selecting healthy empty mothers with average gonad index of 1.2-1.6, placing into the cement pool, culturing for 15-20 days, maintaining water temperature at 23-30 deg.C and salinity at 15-26, keeping ventilation of trachea or air stone during the period of submerging crab apartment with clean seawater to make dissolved oxygen amount at above 5mg/L, feeding fish and shellfish twice a day in the morning and evening in the ingestion and activity area, and feeding amount of 10-20% of weight of empty mothers, emptying seawater in the cement pool once a day, cleaning food residue and feces, and re-injecting clean seawater after 1-2h of dry dew.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the length of the cement pool is 6-10m, and the width of the cement pool is 4-5 m.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the culture density of the empty mothers is at most 10/m 2 。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the area of the feeding and activity area is 20-35% of the bottom area of the cement pool.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the length of the crab apartment is 3-6m, and the height is 0.8-1.2 m.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the depth of the clean seawater is 1.4-1.6 m.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: each crab apartment is provided with 140-300 breeding boxes.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the length of the culture box is 32-35cm, the width is 20-22cm, and the height is 10-16 cm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the crab apartment and the side wall of the cement pit is at least 1 m.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the distance between every two adjacent crab apartments is 1-1.5 m.
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