CN115088658B - Method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain - Google Patents
Method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain Download PDFInfo
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- CN115088658B CN115088658B CN202210913866.6A CN202210913866A CN115088658B CN 115088658 B CN115088658 B CN 115088658B CN 202210913866 A CN202210913866 A CN 202210913866A CN 115088658 B CN115088658 B CN 115088658B
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 241001672730 Scylla paramamosain Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000238097 Callinectes sapidus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000238154 Carcinus maenas Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000238119 Xanthoidea Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000238095 Scylla serrata Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238367 Mya arenaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238413 Octopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011483 Ribes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220483 Ribes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238102 Scylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006408 female gonad development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000614 rib Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for indoor cream breeding of scylla paramamosain, which comprises the following steps: (1) Arranging at least one crab apartment in the cement pond, detaching a door plate of a breeding box of the crab apartment, reserving an empty space in the cement pond as a feeding and moving area of the blue crabs, and uniformly arranging air pipes or air stones at the bottom of the cement pond; (2) Injecting clean seawater into the cement pond to submerge the crab apartments; (3) Selecting healthy empty mothers with average gonad index of 1.2-1.6, and placing in the above cement pond for culturing for 15-20 days. The invention utilizes the advantages of the crab apartment breeding equipment and overcomes the defects thereof, establishes the method for breeding the mud in the cave of the scylla paramamosain, and compared with the original crab apartment breeding mode, the method has the advantages that the mud breeding time can be shortened by more than 10-15 days, the breeding time and the labor cost are saved, and the healthy development of the blue crab breeding industry is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of scylla paramamosain cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for indoor paste cultivation of scylla paramamosain.
Background
Scylla paramamosain (Scylla paramamosain) belongs to Arthropoda, crustacea, octopus, paradisidae, and Scylla. The Scylla paramamosain has the advantages of delicious meat, rich nutrition, quick growth, large size, strong stress resistance and good culture benefit, and is an important cultured crab in the south of China. The '2020 Chinese fishery resource statistics yearbook statistics' shows that the breeding yield of the Scylla paramamosain in China is about 16 ten thousand tons per year, the yield value exceeds 200 billion yuan per year, and the Scylla paramamosain occupies a certain place in the aquaculture industry.
Female blue crabs mate, and the ovaries of the female blue crabs are orange yellow or orange red after fully developing, so that the female blue crabs are called red mud crabs. The red mud crab has rich nutrition, delicious taste and high market price, the price of the red mud crab can reach 400 yuan/Kg before and after spring festival, and the red mud crab is a blue crab product with high added value. However, female blue crabs which have a small meat content and whose gonads have not developed yet, are called "empty females" immediately after mating. The market price of the 'empty mothers' is low, and only half of the price of the red cream crabs is available. Generally, the 'empty mothers' can be bred into red mud crabs after being bred for about 3 months. The 'empty mothers' are quickly cultivated into the red cream crabs by adopting a specific cultivation technology, and the economic benefit is improved.
In recent years, a land-based factory crab breeding mode, namely a crab apartment breeding mode, is being popularized and applied. The crab apartment is a three-dimensional breeding device assembled by a plurality of layers of breeding boxes, one breeding box is used for breeding one crab, mutual killing of the crabs can be avoided, and the crab apartment is suitable for breeding fattening, cream-breeding and soft-shell crabs and improving the breeding yield of unit area. However, the crab apartment cultivation in the prior art has some disadvantages, such as: (1) The crabs are limited in a narrow breeding box, so that the crab breeding box has a stress effect on the growth and development of animals; (2) The culture process needs to feed and clean the residues and the excrement in each culture box independently, which consumes a large amount of labor force. (3) The crab culture is disturbed and influenced by the continuous jet flow oxygenation mode of the water inlet pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging at least one crab apartment in the cement pond, detaching a door plate of a breeding box of the crab apartment, reserving an empty space in the cement pond as a feeding and moving area of the blue crabs, and uniformly arranging air pipes or air stones at the bottom of the cement pond;
(2) Injecting clean seawater into the cement pond to submerge the crab apartments;
(3) Selecting empty mothers with average gonad index of 1.2-1.6, placing in the above-mentioned cement pool, culturing for 15-20d, in the course of culturing, keeping water temperature at 23-30 deg.C and salinity at 15-26, and keeping aeration of trachea or air stone during the period of soaking crab apartment in clean seawater, feeding fish and shellfish twice a day in the morning and evening in the above-mentioned feeding and activity area, and feeding quantity of 10-20% of weight of empty mothers every day, emptying seawater in the cement pool once a day and cleaning food residue and excrement, and after 1-2h of dry exposure, re-injecting clean seawater.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cement pit has a length of 6 to 10m and a width of 4 to 5m.
Further preferably, the culture density of the empty mothers is at most 10/m 2 。
Still more preferably, the area of the feeding and activity area is 20-35% of the bottom area of the cement pool.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the crab apartment is 3 to 6m and the height is 0.8 to 1.2m.
Further preferably, the depth of the clean seawater is 1.4-1.6m.
Further preferably, each crab apartment has 140-300 breeding boxes.
Still more preferably, the length of the culture box is 32-35cm, the width of the culture box is 20-22cm, and the height of the culture box is 10-16cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crab apartment is at a distance of at least 1m from the side wall of the cement pit.
Further preferably, the distance between every two adjacent crab apartments is 1-1.5m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with a crab apartment culture mode (Huangweiqing, ribes, zhangyi, yehaihui, single beautiful silk, crab apartment culture red cream crab culture technology, scientific fish culture, 2017,1, 35-36) in the prior art, the cream culture time can be shortened by more than 10-15d, the culture time and the labor cost are saved, and the healthy development of the blue crab culture industry is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated and described by the following detailed description.
The specification of the cultivation box in the following embodiment is as follows: length (32-35 cm) x width (20-22 cm) x height (10-16 cm). In the invention, the culture box mainly plays a role of a crab cave, and the culture box with slightly changed specifications does not influence the production effect in the actual production.
Example 1
An indoor cement pit with a length of 6m and a width of 4m was selected. And reserving an empty space of 8m & lt 2 & gt on one side of a cement pond water outlet. Each crab apartment is about 3m in length and about 1m in height, and is composed of 6 layers of cultivation boxes, and 144 cultivation boxes are arranged in each crab apartment. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1m, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as food intake and activity spaces for the blue crabs. Bottom air pipes are arranged at the longitudinal two sides and the center of the cement pond, and clean seawater is injected to the water level of 1.5m to submerge the crab apartments. 240 healthy 'empty mothers' are selected for cultivation, the average value of the gonadal index (GSI) is 1.3, the water temperature in the cultivation process is maintained at 23-26 ℃, the salinity is 23-25, the whole process is aerated, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 5mg/L, fish and shellfish are fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the fish and shellfish are dispersedly fed in the empty space of a cement pond, and the feeding amount is 10-20% of the weight of the blue crabs every day. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of exposure. After 20 days of culture, the average value of the gonadal indexes of the green crabs is 7.2 during harvest, the ovaries are mature, the commercial specification of the red cream crabs is reached, and the culture survival rate is 90.7%.
Example 2
An indoor cement pit with a length of 10m and a width of 5m was selected. Reserving 10-15m at one side of a cement pond water outlet 2 Is open space. Crab apartment equipment is installed in the pool. Each crab apartment is about 6m in length and about 1m in height, and consists of 6 layers of cultivation boxes. Each crab apartment contains 288 breeding boxes. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1.5m water level, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as feeding and activity spaces of the blue crabs. Arranging bottom air pipes at two longitudinal sides and the center of the cement pond, injecting clean seawater of 1.5m, and submerging the crab apartments. 500 healthy 'empty crabs' are selected for cultivation, the average value of the gonadal index (GSI) of the 'empty crabs' is 1.2, the water temperature in the cultivation process is maintained at 25-28 ℃, the salinity is 23-26, the whole process is aerated, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 5mg/L, fish and shellfish are fed twice in the morning and evening every day, the fish and shellfish are dispersedly fed in the empty spaces of a cement pond, and the feeding amount per day is 10-20% of the weight of the blue crabs. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of dew drying. After 15 days of culture, the average gonad index of the green crabs is 6.8 when the green crabs are harvested, the ovaries are mature, the commercial specification of the red mud crabs is reached, and the survival rate reaches 91.6%.
Example 3
An indoor cement pit with a length of 6m and a width of 4m was selected. And reserving an empty space of 8m & lt 2 & gt on one side of a cement pond water outlet. The length of each crab apartment is about 3m, the height is about 1m (composed of 6 layers of cultivation boxes), and the number of the cultivation boxes of each crab apartment is 144. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1m, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as food intake and activity spaces for the blue crabs. Bottom air pipes are arranged at the longitudinal two sides and the center of the cement pond, and clean seawater is injected to the water level of 1.5m to submerge the crab apartments. 200 healthy 'empty mothers' are selected for cultivation, the average value of the gonadal index (GSI) is 1.6, the water temperature in the cultivation process is maintained at 26-29 ℃, the salinity is 15-18, the whole process is aerated, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 5mg/L, fish and shellfish are fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the fish and shellfish are dispersedly fed in the empty space of a cement pond, and the feeding amount is 15-20% of the weight of the blue crabs every day. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of exposure. After 20 days of culture, the average value of the gonadal indexes of the green crabs is 8.2 when the green crabs are harvested, the ovary development is close to maturity, the commercial specification of the red mud crabs is reached, and the culture survival rate reaches 91.9%.
Example 4
An indoor cement pit with a length of 10m and a width of 5m was selected. And a 15m & lt 2 & gt empty space is reserved on one side of a cement pond water outlet. Crab apartment equipment is installed in the pool. Each crab apartment is about 6m in length and about 1m in height and consists of 6 layers of cultivation boxes. Each crab apartment contains 288 breeding boxes. And 2 crab apartments are longitudinally arranged in a cement pond, the distance between the 2 crab apartments is 1.5m, and the distance between each crab apartment and the pond wall is about 1m, so that the crab apartments are used as food intake and activity spaces for the blue crabs. Bottom air pipes are arranged at the two longitudinal sides and the center of the cement pond, clean seawater is injected to the water level of 1.5m, and the crab apartments are submerged. Selecting 400 healthy 'empty crabs' for cultivation, wherein the average value of the gonadal index (GSI) is 1.5, the water temperature in the cultivation process is maintained at 27-30 ℃, the salinity is 15-18, the whole process is aerated, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 5mg/L, the fish and the shellfish are fed twice in the morning and at night every day, and the fish and the shellfish are dispersedly fed in the empty space of a cement pond, and the feeding amount is 15-20% of the weight of the blue crabs every day. Emptying the pool water once every day, cleaning food residues and excrement, and injecting clean seawater again after 1-2h of exposure. After 15 days of culture, the average value of the gonadal indexes of the green crabs is 7.7 during harvest, the ovaries are mature, the commercial specification of the red cream crabs is reached, and the culture survival rate reaches 93.2%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for indoor breeding of scylla paramamosain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging at least one crab apartment in the cement pond, detaching a door plate of a breeding box of the crab apartment, reserving an empty space in the cement pond as a feeding and moving area of the blue crabs, and uniformly arranging air pipes or air stones at the bottom of the cement pond;
(2) Injecting clean seawater into the cement pond to submerge the crab apartments;
(3) Selecting healthy empty mothers with average gonad index of 1.2-1.6, placing into the cement pool, culturing for 15-20 days, maintaining water temperature at 23-30 deg.C and salinity at 15-26, keeping ventilation of trachea or air stone during the period of submerging crab apartment with clean seawater to make dissolved oxygen amount at above 5mg/L, feeding fish and shellfish twice a day in the morning and evening in the ingestion and activity area, and feeding amount of 10-20% of weight of empty mothers, emptying seawater in the cement pool once a day, cleaning food residue and feces, and re-injecting clean seawater after 1-2h of dry dew.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the length of the cement pond is 6-10m, and the width of the cement pond is 4-5m.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the culture density of the empty mothers is at most 10/m 2 。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the area of the feeding and moving area is 20-35% of the bottom area of the cement pool.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the length of the crab apartment is 3-6m, and the height is 0.8-1.2m.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the depth of the clean seawater is 1.4-1.6m.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: each crab apartment is provided with 140-300 breeding boxes.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the length of the culture box is 32-35cm, the width is 20-22cm, and the height is 10-16cm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the crab apartment and the side wall of the cement pit is at least 1m.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the distance between every two adjacent crab apartments is 1-1.5m.
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