CN114946573B - Out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel - Google Patents
Out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946573B CN114946573B CN202210818440.2A CN202210818440A CN114946573B CN 114946573 B CN114946573 B CN 114946573B CN 202210818440 A CN202210818440 A CN 202210818440A CN 114946573 B CN114946573 B CN 114946573B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of allium mongolicum regel cultivation, and provides an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel, which comprises the following steps: (1) stopping watering the greenhouse allium mongolicum regel in the last ten days of 8 months; (2) Cutting off leaf blades of green Chinese onion withered and yellow after 15-20 d, and cleaning out withered branches, fallen leaves and weeds; performing sand onion field management; (3) after the allium mongolicum regel is irrigated in the middle 10 months, carrying out heat preservation treatment; and (4) the growth management of the allium mongolicum regel. The method for cultivating the allium mongolicum regel can enable the allium mongolicum regel to normally grow in out-of-season, can promote the growth of the allium mongolicum regel, has good quality of the cultivated allium mongolicum regel, can meet the consumption demands of wide consumers, and has good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of allium mongolicum regel cultivation, in particular to an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel.
Background
The allium mongolicum regel (Alicum mongolicum) is a wild vegetable widely distributed in arid desert areas in northern China, and mainly grows in deserts, gobi, seasonal riverbeds, low mountain regions, mountain front flood fans and desert grasslands. The allium mongolicum regel has thousands of years of eating history in China, and is a life-saving vegetable and overwintering vegetable for farmers around a distribution area. Before the 90 s of the last century, the understanding of allium mongolicum regel at home and abroad is limited to morphological characteristics, geographical distribution, edible and medicinal characteristics of allium mongolicum regel, and development, utilization and industrialization development of resources are not discussed and studied. By the beginning of the 90 s, with the great development of the social economy of China, farmers and pastures around arid desert regions are driven by economic benefits, and a large amount of unguarded chives are used for selling money so as to increase personal economic income. Therefore, the protection and development of the wild allium mongolicum regel which is a high-quality vegetable resource attracts great attention of environmental departments and expert scholars, and the environmental scholars and technological workers in some places start to perform domestication cultivation and artificial high-yield cultivation technology research of the allium mongolicum regel, and a great deal of experimental research on the physiological, ecological and growth habits of the allium mongolicum regel is carried out.
The allium mongolicum regel is a fast-growing perennial herb plant, belongs to drought-avoiding plants in botanic aspects, and is in a dormant state in drought seasons and cold seasons, so that the allium mongolicum regel has a long dormant period, and has two dormant modes, namely drought dormancy and low-temperature dormancy. And (3) low-temperature dormancy: under the natural growth state, the allium mongolicum regel generally starts to sprout when the air temperature is constant to be more than 2.35 ℃, and starts to emerge when the air temperature is constant to be more than 6.9 ℃; the plant grows rapidly when the air temperature is constant and is higher than 9.6 ℃ and enters a tillering stage; when the air temperature is constant to be more than 21.75 ℃, bolting starts; the flowers are started when the air temperature is constant and is more than 22.6 ℃, and the average temperature in the flowering phase is always kept above 22 ℃; flower falling starts when the air temperature is constant and smaller than 22 ℃, seeds start to mature when the air temperature is constant and smaller than 16.7 ℃, and the seeds completely mature when the air temperature is constant and smaller than 15.35 ℃; seeds begin to scatter when the air temperature is constant and is less than 13.1 ℃; when the air temperature is constant and less than 7.15 ℃, the leaves begin to wither yellow; when the air temperature is less than about 0 ℃, all leaves are withered and yellow and enter a dormant state (Yan Zizhu and the like, domesticated allium mongolicum regel growth and nutrition change rules, anhui agricultural science, 2007, 35 (8): 2258-2260). Drought dormancy: the allium mongolicum regel not only can avoid drought, but also can chase limited rainfall. Experimental observation shows that after 1 time of precipitation, the allium mongolicum regel can germinate and come out of the soil for 2-3 days, and the biological height is reached for 15-20 days. However, if the drought is encountered again for a long time, the allium mongolicum regel pulp She Weinian enters a dormant state. The dormancy of the allium mongolicum regel and the phenomenon of multiple growth thereof improve the drought resistance of the allium mongolicum regel and ensure that the allium mongolicum regel completes the population reproduction under drought and extreme drought environments. The allium mongolicum regel has stronger adaptability to atmospheric drought and soil drought, and when the moisture content of the soil of a layer of wind sand soil of 0-15 cm is higher than (1.99+/-0.21)%, the allium mongolicum regel grows well; between (0.885+ -0.12) and (1.99+ -0.21) percent, poor growth; is lower than (0.885+/-0.12)%, enters a dormant state (Ma Quanlin, liu Shizeng, yan Zizhu and the like), and has drought resistance characteristics of allium mongolicum regel, grass science, 2008, 25 (6): 56-61).
Since 2008, it is found that the green onions need to grow normally in the greenhouse in the out-of-season cultivation process, and a certain time of dormancy is needed before the green house is covered in winter, otherwise, the green onions grow abnormally in the sunlight greenhouse in winter, the leaves are thin and long, the yield is not good, the palatability is poor, the content of crude fibers is increased, and the nutrition quality is seriously reduced. The allium mongolicum regel grows from 4 months to 10 months each year, is greatly influenced by water fall, and cannot meet the diet requirements of masses. Therefore, there is a need for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel out-of-season production to address the existing problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel, which can promote growth of allium mongolicum regel, has good quality of the cultivated allium mongolicum regel and can meet consumption demands of wide consumers.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Stopping watering the greenhouse allium mongolicum regel in the last ten days of 8 months;
(2) Cutting off leaf blades of green Chinese onion withered and yellow after 15-20 d, and cleaning out withered branches, fallen leaves and weeds; performing sand onion field management;
(3) 10, irrigating allium mongolicum regel in the middle of the month, and then carrying out heat preservation treatment;
(4) And E, growth management of allium mongolicum regel.
Further, the field management in the step (2) comprises fertilization management, disease management and rainy season management.
Further, the fertilization management specifically includes: digging fertilizing furrows with a depth of 5-8 cm between the allium mongolicum regel rows, airing for 3-5 d, and then applying thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate; the dosage of the decomposed farmyard manure is 500-750 kg/mu, the dosage of ferrous sulfate is 10-15 kg/mu, and the dosage of zinc sulfate is 7.5-12.5 kg/mu.
Further, the agents used for disease management are thiophanate methyl and carbendazim; the thiophanate methyl is 700-1000 times of 50% wettable powder or 800-1200 times of 70% wettable powder, and the carbendazim is 800-1000 times of 50% wettable powder.
Further, the rainy season management is specifically to cover greenhouse films during rainy days, and the greenhouse films are removed after rainy days.
Further, the amount of water irrigated in the step (3) is that the soil is fully soaked by water after the water irrigated.
Further, the heat preservation treatment in the step (3) is to keep the temperature in the greenhouse to be more than or equal to 8 ℃.
Further, step (4)Mid-growth management includes maintaining temperature in a greenhouse>LED fluorescent lamps are additionally arranged every 3-5 m of 'product' shape at 8 ℃, so that illumination is increased; 4-6 kg of quicklime is placed in each 10m of the greenhouse, and CO is added 2 Concentration; and a ventilation and dehumidification device is additionally arranged, so that the humidity of the greenhouse is less than or equal to 60 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method can enable the allium mongolicum regel to normally grow in winter. In addition, the cultivation method can increase photosynthesis of the chives, promote coarse growth of the chives, increase the content of effective nutritional ingredients such as coarse protein, coarse fat and amino acid of the chives, promote absorption and accumulation of the chives on the nutritional ingredients such as trace elements Zn, fe, mg, ca, and the cultivated chives have good quality, can meet the consumption demands of consumers, and have good economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Stopping watering the greenhouse allium mongolicum regel in the last ten days of 8 months;
(2) Cutting off leaf blades of green Chinese onion withered and yellow after 15-20 d, and cleaning out withered branches, fallen leaves and weeds; performing sand onion field management;
(3) 10, irrigating allium mongolicum regel in the middle of the month, and then carrying out heat preservation treatment;
(4) And E, growth management of allium mongolicum regel.
In the invention, the water irrigation of greenhouse allium mongolicum regel is stopped in the last 8 months, so that the water in the soil can be rapidly dissipated in glowing sunlight.
In the invention, the leaves of the allium mongolicum regel which wilt yellow are cut off after 15-20 d, the fallen leaves and weeds of the branches are cleaned, and the soil water loss is accelerated; the time interval between the stopping of the watering and the cutting of the wilting leaves is 15-20 d, preferably 16-19 d, and more preferably 17-18 d.
In the invention, the sand onion field management is carried out after the dead branches, fallen leaves and weeds are cleaned; the field management comprises fertilization management, disease management and rainy season management.
In the invention, the fertilization management specifically comprises: digging fertilization channels among the allium mongolicum regel rows, and applying thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate after airing; the depth of the fertilizing groove is 5-8 cm, preferably 5.5-7.5 cm, and more preferably 6-7 cm; the drying time is 3 to 5 days, preferably 3.5 to 4.5 days, and more preferably 4 days.
In the invention, the dosage of the decomposed farmyard manure is 500-750 kg/mu, preferably 550-700 kg/mu, and more preferably 600-650 kg/mu; the dosage of the ferrous sulfate is 10-15 kg/mu, preferably 11-14 kg/mu, and more preferably 12-13 kg/mu; the zinc sulfate is used in an amount of 7.5 to 12.5 kg/mu, preferably 8 to 12 kg/mu, and more preferably 9 to 11 kg/mu.
In the invention, the medicaments used for disease management are thiophanate methyl and carbendazim/carbendazim; the thiophanate methyl is 700-1000 times of 50% wettable powder or 800-1200 times of 70% wettable powder, preferably 700-1000 times of 50% wettable powder, and more preferably 800-900 times of 50% wettable powder; the carbendazim is 800-1000 times of 50% of carbendazim wettable powder, preferably 850-950 times of 50% of carbendazim wettable powder, and more preferably 880-920 times of 50% of carbendazim wettable powder; the agent is sprayed in a fertilization ditch for prevention and control.
In the invention, the rainy season management is specifically to cover greenhouse films during rainy season, and the greenhouse films are removed after rainy season.
In the invention, after the allium mongolicum regel is irrigated in the middle 10 months, heat preservation treatment is carried out, wherein the amount of the irrigated water is that the soil is completely soaked by water after the irrigation; the heat preservation treatment is to cover a greenhouse film and a heat preservation quilt, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is more than or equal to 8 ℃, preferably 9-12 ℃, and more preferably 10-11 ℃.
In the invention, the allium mongolicum regel is subjected to growth management after the water filling treatment, and the growth management comprises the step of maintaining the temperature in a greenhouse>8 ℃, preferably 10-20 ℃, further preferably 14-16 ℃; LED fluorescent lamps are additionally arranged in each 3-5 m 'product' shape, and illumination is increased, preferably 3.5-4.5 m; every 10m of the greenhouse is surrounded by bricks to form a square container with the length of 50cm multiplied by 25cm, 4kg to 6kg of quicklime is placed, and CO is added 2 The concentration and the dosage of the quicklime are preferably 4.5-5.5 kg, more preferably 4.8 to 5.2kg; the ventilation and dehumidification equipment is additionally arranged in the greenhouse, so that the humidity of the greenhouse is less than or equal to 60%, preferably 40-55%, and more preferably 45-50%.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Stopping watering the greenhouse allium mongolicum regel for 8 months and 5 days, so that the moisture in the soil can be rapidly dissipated in glowing sunlight;
(2) After 15d, all leaves of the allium mongolicum regel which wilt and withered yellow are cut off, withered leaves and other weeds in a greenhouse are removed, soil water loss is accelerated, under drought driving, the allium mongolicum regel is forced to enter a dormant state rapidly, and the dormant time of the allium mongolicum regel is ensured to be more than 40 days; a narrow hoe with the depth of 5cm is used for digging a ditch with the depth of 5cm between the rows of allium mongolicum regel, and airing is carried out for 3d under the condition of natural illumination; then applying 500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 15 kg/mu of ferrous sulfate and 10 kg/mu of zinc sulfate, applying and earthing, and covering sand soil for 1cm between allium mongolicum regel rows; spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder in a fertilization ditch to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests; in order to prevent water accumulation in a greenhouse in rainy days and destroy the dormancy of the allium mongolicum regel in rainy seasons, the greenhouse film can be covered when rainy days, and then removed after rainy days, so that the dormancy quality of the allium mongolicum regel is ensured;
(3) The weeds and the garbage in the greenhouse are removed completely within 10 months and 20 days, the sand green onion is fully irrigated, the greenhouse film of the greenhouse is covered, and matched facilities such as a heat preservation quilt are matched, so that the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 10 ℃, the dormant state of the sand green onion is relieved, and the sand green onion is recovered to grow;
(4) The method comprises the steps of installing an LED lamp, a heating device and a ventilation and dehumidification device in a greenhouse, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 12 ℃, installing an LED fluorescent lamp every 5m of the product, increasing illumination, enclosing a square container of 50cm multiplied by 25cm by brick blocks every 10m of the greenhouse, placing 5kg of quicklime, and increasing CO 2 Concentration and ventilation are addedThe dehumidifying equipment enables the humidity of the greenhouse to be 55%, promotes the growth of the allium mongolicum regel and improves the production quality of the allium mongolicum regel.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Stopping watering the greenhouse allium mongolicum regel for 8 months and 10 days, and allowing water in the soil to rapidly lose in glowing sunlight;
(2) After 20d, all leaves of the allium mongolicum regel which wilt and withered yellow are cut off, withered leaves and other weeds in a greenhouse are removed, soil water loss is accelerated, under drought driving, the allium mongolicum regel is forced to enter a dormant state rapidly, and the dormant time of the allium mongolicum regel is ensured to be more than 40 days; a narrow hoe with the depth of 6cm is used for digging a ditch between the rows of the allium mongolicum regel, and airing is carried out for 4 days under the condition of natural illumination; then applying 750 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 10 kg/mu of ferrous sulfate and 12 kg/mu of zinc sulfate, applying and earthing, and covering sand soil for 1cm between allium mongolicum regel rows; spraying 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder in a fertilization ditch to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests; in order to prevent water accumulation in a greenhouse in rainy days and destroy the dormancy of the allium mongolicum regel in rainy seasons, the greenhouse film can be covered when rainy days, and then removed after rainy days, so that the dormancy quality of the allium mongolicum regel is ensured;
(3) Removing weeds and garbage in the greenhouse for 10 months and 15 days, fully filling water into the allium mongolicum regel, covering a greenhouse film of the greenhouse, and matching with supporting facilities such as a heat preservation quilt, so that the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 12 ℃, the dormant state of the allium mongolicum regel is relieved, and the allium mongolicum regel is restored to grow;
(4) The method comprises the steps of installing an LED lamp, a heating device and a ventilation and dehumidification device in a greenhouse, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 10 ℃, installing an LED fluorescent lamp in each 5m of 'product' shape, increasing illumination, enclosing a square container of 50cm multiplied by 25cm by brick blocks every 10m in the greenhouse, placing 6kg of quicklime, and increasing CO 2 The concentration is increased, ventilation and dehumidification equipment is additionally arranged, so that the humidity of the greenhouse is 52%, the growth of the allium mongolicum regel is promoted, and the production quality of the allium mongolicum regel is improved.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Stopping watering the greenhouse allium mongolicum regel for 8 months and 8 days, so that the moisture in the soil can be rapidly dissipated in glowing sunlight;
(2) After 18d, all leaves of the allium mongolicum regel which wilt and withered yellow are cut off, withered leaves and other weeds in a greenhouse are removed, soil water loss is accelerated, under drought driving, the allium mongolicum regel is forced to enter a dormant state rapidly, and the dormant time of the allium mongolicum regel is ensured to be more than 40 days; a narrow hoe with the depth of 8cm is used for digging a ditch with the depth of 8cm between the rows of allium mongolicum regel, and airing is carried out for 2d under the condition of natural illumination; then applying decomposed farmyard manure 600 kg/mu, ferrous sulfate 12 kg/mu and zinc sulfate 7.5 kg/mu, applying and covering soil, and covering sand soil for 2cm between allium mongolicum regel rows; spraying 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 900 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder in a fertilization ditch to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests; in order to prevent water accumulation in a greenhouse in rainy days and destroy the dormancy of the allium mongolicum regel in rainy seasons, the greenhouse film can be covered when rainy days, and then removed after rainy days, so that the dormancy quality of the allium mongolicum regel is ensured;
(3) Removing weeds and garbage in the greenhouse for 10 months and 18 days, starting to fill the sand green onion with enough water, covering the greenhouse film of the greenhouse, and matching with supporting facilities such as a heat preservation quilt, so that the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 15 ℃, the dormant state of the sand green onion is relieved, and the sand green onion is recovered to grow;
(4) The method comprises the steps of installing an LED lamp, a heating device and a ventilation and dehumidification device in a greenhouse, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 15 ℃, installing an LED fluorescent lamp in each 5m of 'product' shape, increasing illumination, enclosing a square container with 50cm multiplied by 25cm by brick blocks every 10m in the greenhouse, placing 4kg of quicklime, and increasing CO 2 The concentration is increased, ventilation and dehumidification equipment is additionally arranged, the humidity of the greenhouse is 58%, the growth of the allium mongolicum regel is promoted, and the production quality of the allium mongolicum regel is improved.
Comparative example
The control example adopts a common cultivation method to plant allium mongolicum regel.
Experimental example
The growth forms, the quality and the palatability of the allium mongolicum regel obtained in the example 1 and the comparative example are compared, and the results are shown in the table 1. As compared with the allium mongolicum regel obtained by the common cultivation method, the allium mongolicum regel obtained by the cultivation method has good growth vigor, can grow normally over winter, has low crude fiber content and has better quality.
Table 1 comparison of growth of allium mongolicum regel in examples and comparative examples
According to the embodiment, the out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of the allium mongolicum regel is provided, the growth of the allium mongolicum regel can be promoted, the quality of the cultivated allium mongolicum regel is good, and the consumption demands of consumers can be met.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An out-of-season cultivation method for forced dormancy of allium mongolicum regel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Stopping watering the greenhouse allium mongolicum regel in the last ten days of 8 months;
(2) Cutting off leaf blades of green Chinese onion withered and yellow after 15-20 d, and cleaning out withered branches, fallen leaves and weeds; performing sand onion field management;
(3) 10, irrigating allium mongolicum regel in the middle of the month, and then carrying out heat preservation treatment;
(4) E, growth management of allium mongolicum regel;
the field management in the step (2) comprises fertilization management, disease management and rainy season management;
the fertilization management specifically comprises: digging fertilizing furrows with a depth of 5-8 cm between the allium mongolicum regel rows, airing for 3-5 d, and then applying thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate; the dosage of the decomposed farmyard manure is 500-750 kg/mu, the dosage of ferrous sulfate is 10-15 kg/mu, and the dosage of zinc sulfate is 7.5-12.5 kg/mu;
the medicaments used for disease management are thiophanate methyl and carbendazim; the thiophanate methyl is 700-1000 times of 50% wettable powder or 800-1200 times of 70% wettable powder, and the carbendazim is 800-1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder;
the management in rainy season is to cover greenhouse film in rainy season, and remove the greenhouse film after rainy season stop;
the amount of the water filled in the step (3) is that the soil is fully soaked by water after the water is filled;
the heat preservation treatment in the step (3) is to keep the temperature in the greenhouse to be more than or equal to 8 ℃;
growth management in step (4) includes maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse>LED fluorescent lamps are additionally arranged every 3-5 m of 'product' shape at 8 ℃, so that illumination is increased; 4-6 kg of quicklime is placed in each 10m of the greenhouse, and CO is added 2 Concentration; and a ventilation and dehumidification device is additionally arranged, so that the humidity of the greenhouse is less than or equal to 60 percent.
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