CN114940649B - 一种合成吲哚布芬中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸的方法 - Google Patents
一种合成吲哚布芬中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XBGNOMBPRQVJSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-nitrophenyl)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XBGNOMBPRQVJSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- AYDXAULLCROVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indobufen Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C(O)=O)CC)=CC=C1N1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1 AYDXAULLCROVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
一种合成吲哚布芬中间体2‑(4‑硝基苯基)丁酸的方法,其属于医药中间体技术领域。该方法在氰基水解制备2‑(4‑硝基苯基)丁酸时引用枯草芽孢杆菌,水解氰基为羧酸,以达到代替传统用硫酸水解的条件,优化了反应方案,使得反应的产率大幅度提高。同时降低了反应的危险性,反应催化剂循环使用也不会使生产成本提高。因为反应转化率的提高,所以不需要每步中间体的分离纯化,只需控制加料顺序就可以在一起直接反应。改善了反应中产生的污染物,较少了对环境的污染。优化后的反应方案,产率得到提高,成本降低,环境友好,符合绿色现代化生产要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及研发一种高效吲哚布芬中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸的方法,其属于医药中间体技术领域。
背景技术
2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸,是一种医药中间体,主要作为吲哚布芬的合成。吲哚布芬是一种抗血小板聚集药,还兼顾抗凝作用,同时吲哚布芬还具有舒张血管、抑制单核细胞组织因子表达及活性、抗肾纤维化等作用,具有良好的市场前景。
但是传统的工艺方法中存在一些问题,特别是在水解反应时,反应使用硫酸进行水解,对反应环境影响较大,且反应的安全系数低,反应时间长,温度高,产率差,最后还产生大量费水和大量有机溶剂等污染物;对环境的危害较大,最终产物提纯困难;提高成本,给人和环境带了不可避免的灾害。因此该流程中的步骤需要得到改进和优化。
发明内容
本发明的目是在氰基水解时,通过引用含氰水解酶的枯草芽孢杆菌以代替浓硫酸作为水解催化剂,枯草芽孢杆菌可以在常温常压的氛围下进行水解,可以将该步的反应产率提高到95%以上。同时该催化剂,历经20次循环之后,催化剂活性并没有发生明显降低。可以避免催化剂使用造成生产成本的提高,同时该工艺减少了环境污染,降低了后处理的难度;且操作容易,处理简单。采用这种优化后的合成路线,具有产率大幅度提高,降低了成本,提高安全性,节省能源等诸多优点,符合绿色反应的现代化工生产要求。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
研发一种合成吲哚布芬中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸方法,吲哚布芬中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸的结构式如下:
该方法包括如下步骤:
1.一种合成吲哚布芬中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸的方法,其特征在于:该方法包括以下步骤
在三口烧瓶中加入水,氢氧化钠,20~25℃,加入苯乙腈,苄基三乙基氯化铵,搅拌均匀,滴加溴乙烷至反应液中,滴加完毕,保温反应;结束后,甲苯萃取,合并有机层,分别用稀硫酸和水进行洗涤,浓缩甲苯至无馏分,得到α-苯基丁腈;
所述苯乙腈与溴乙烷的摩尔比为1:0.9-0.97;苄基三乙基氯化铵的用量为苯乙腈重量的2-4%;
依次向反应瓶中投入α-苯基丁腈,氰水解酶和磷酸氢二钾缓冲溶液,然后20~25℃反应;反应结束,过滤,氰水解酶套用,降温至5~10℃,搅拌,过滤,干燥得到2-苯基丁酸,滤液套用;
所述氰水解酶来自于枯草芽孢杆菌(保藏编号CCTCC No.M206038),枯草芽孢杆菌的用量为α-苯基丁腈重量的一半;
向反应瓶中加入浓硫酸,控制温度40℃以下,向反应瓶中加入α-苯基丁酸,冰醋酸,控制温度0~5℃,向反应液中滴加硫酸跟硝酸的混酸,滴加完毕,搅拌反应;反应结束,控制温度10℃以下,向反应液中滴加水,10~15℃搅拌析晶,过滤,干燥得到粗品2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸;
所述α-苯基丁酸与硝酸当量比为1:1.5~1.8;
再经过甲苯跟水的重结晶,得到产品2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸。
本发明的有益效果是:吲哚布芬作为一种非常重要的医药产品,有着重要的的医疗用途,需求量非常大。该工艺在氰基水解制备2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸时引用氰水解酶枯草芽孢杆菌的微生物细胞,水解氰基为羧酸。该制备工艺,价格低廉,反应条件温和,环境污染小,安全系数高,在常温条件下可以将该步的反应产率提高到95%以上。
该工艺代替传统工艺中硫酸水解的条件,降低了反应的危险性,减少了废酸水的处理提高了收率,简化了处理过程,同时也降低了对设备的要求,而且枯草芽孢杆菌历经20次循环之后,催化剂活性并没有发生明显降低。
并且经过更改的反应后,中间产物不用分离纯化,生产流程大为简化,同时减少纯化使用的有机溶剂带来的环境污染,最终的产品纯度非常高。
应用该工艺降低了环境污染和后处理的难度;且操作容易,处理简单。改善了反应中产生的污染物,较少了对环境的污染。采用这种优化后的合成路线,具有产率大幅度提高,降低了成本,提高安全性,节省能源等诸多优点,符合绿色反应的现代化工生产要求。
附图说明
图1是实施例3中产品2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸的液相谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明,目的在于更好理解本发明的内容。因此所举实例并不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:α-苯基丁腈
在1L三口烧瓶中依次加入200mL水,188g(4.7mol,4.7eq)氢氧化钠,搅拌均匀后,控制温度20~25℃,加入117.2g(1.0mol,1.0eq)苯乙腈,2.3g(苯乙腈重量的2%)苄基三乙基氯化铵,搅拌均匀后,控制温度25~30℃,滴加102.6g(0.95mol,0.95eq)溴乙烷,共滴加3h,滴加完毕,25~30℃,保温搅拌3h,反应结束,加入2g苯甲醛(苯乙腈重量的1.8%)搅拌30min,加入117mL(1V)甲苯,分层,水层用1V甲苯再萃取一次,合并有机层,有机层用1V 5%硫酸洗涤一次,2V水洗涤一次,浓缩甲苯层至无馏分,得到粗品α-苯基丁腈135g,纯度98.5%。
实施例2:α-苯基丁酸
依次向反应瓶中投入135gα-苯基丁腈,67.5g(α-苯基丁腈重量的50%)带氰水解酶的枯草芽孢杆菌(保藏编号CCTCC No.M 206038)和1350毫升磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液(0.1mol/L),然后20~25℃反应24h,反应结束,过滤,带氰水解酶的枯草芽孢杆菌套用,降温至0~5℃,搅拌2h,过滤,干燥得到2-苯基丁酸145.2g,纯度98.3%,收率95.4%。
实施例3:2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸
在1L三口烧瓶中依次加入435mL(3V)浓硫酸,控制温度40℃以下,向反应瓶中加入145g(0.88mol,1.0eq)α-苯基丁酸,升温至55℃,搅拌均匀,加入145g(1V)冰醋酸,搅拌1h,降温反应液至-5℃以下,控制温度-5℃以下,向反应液中滴加290g(2V,硫酸:硝酸体积比=1:1)提前配置好的硫酸与硝酸的混酸,共滴加两小时,滴加完毕,控制温度-5℃,搅拌反应两小时,反应结束,控制温度10℃以下,向反应液中滴加入200mL水,降温至0~5℃,搅拌两小时,过滤,得到粗品2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸。将粗品加入200mL水,和200mL甲苯的溶液中,升温至35~40℃,搅拌溶解,分层,有机层,用200mL水洗涤一次,降温有机层至0~5℃,析晶搅拌两小时,过滤,干燥,得到产品2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸165.8g,纯度99.8%,收率88.7%。
表1氰水解酶循环20次后催化效果对比
实施例4:该新工艺与传统工艺产率和成本对比表
表二.新工艺与传统工艺产率衡算表
由上表二可知,传统工艺中2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸总产率为64.6%,新工艺中2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸总产率为78.1%,由原来的135.2g到165.8。不仅降低了成本,还提高了产率,增加了工厂的收入,提高了利润。最终产物纯度也有所增加,符合医药要求。
改进后的工艺,安全性,环保性都得到了显著的提高,后处理相对较容易,工艺过程绿色环保。
Claims (1)
1.一种合成吲哚布芬中间体2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
在三口烧瓶中加入水,氢氧化钠,20~25℃,加入苯乙腈,苄基三乙基氯化铵,搅拌均匀,滴加溴乙烷至反应液中,滴加完毕,保温反应;结束后,甲苯萃取,合并有机层,分别用稀硫酸和水进行洗涤,浓缩甲苯至无馏分,得到α-苯基丁腈;
所述苯乙腈与溴乙烷的摩尔比为1:0.9-0.97;苄基三乙基氯化铵的用量为苯乙腈重量的2-4%;
依次向反应瓶中投入α-苯基丁腈,氰水解酶和磷酸氢二钾缓冲溶液,然后20~25℃反应;反应结束,过滤,氰水解酶套用,降温至5~10℃,搅拌,过滤,干燥得到2-苯基丁酸,滤液套用;
所述氰水解酶来自于枯草芽孢杆菌,保藏编号CCTCC No.M206038,枯草芽孢杆菌的用量为α-苯基丁腈重量的一半;
向反应瓶中加入浓硫酸,控制温度40℃以下,向反应瓶中加入α-苯基丁酸,冰醋酸,控制温度0~5℃,向反应液中滴加硫酸跟硝酸的混酸,滴加完毕,搅拌反应;所述α-苯基丁酸与硝酸当量比为1:1.5~1.8;
反应结束,控制温度10℃以下,向反应液中滴加水,10~15℃搅拌析晶,过滤,干燥得到粗品2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸;再经过甲苯跟水的重结晶,得到产品2-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸。
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