CN114920636B - 一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
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- MDEMXNCLMLBGAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1-phenylethanone Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.ClCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDEMXNCLMLBGAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009295 sperm incapacitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/63—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的合成方法。属于生物化学有机合成技术领域,本发明以芳乙酮类化合物为原料,在反应体系中加入芳乙酮类化合物,并与催化量的I2、化学计量的DMSO和HCl混合,控制反应温度为80℃,最终制得相应的α氯代芳乙酮类化合物。本发明与传统乙酰基碳的C(sp3)‑H氯代反应相比,本发明具备对双键、三键和富电芳环的反应惰性,拓展了底物范围。还可以通过HCl的投料量来控制氯代反应的程度,提高了反应的选择性。此外该方法在试剂和操作上均符合绿色化学的理念,体现出明显的化学合成手段上的优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物化学有机合成技术领域,涉及一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,具体的是,涉及一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物绿色、高效、高选择性制备方法。
背景技术
α氯代芳乙酮是一类特殊且具有代表性的卤代烃,其作为重要的基础合成砌块被广泛应用于有机合成领域中。此外由于氯代可以改善药物分子的理化性质,使得相关分子具备特定的生理、药理活性,因此α氯代芳乙酮在农业、医药领域也具备广泛的发展前景。
乙酰基碳的C(sp3)-H氯化反应的传统方法根据氯源可大致分为三个类别: 1.使用氯气的直接氯代过程;2.使用基于Cl+离子的氯化剂;3.使用基于Cl-离子配合氧化剂共同作用的氧化氯化策略。而上述传统氯代反应手段普遍存在无法避免过度氯代、原子经济性不佳、依赖于有毒、刺激性或易爆试剂等共性问题。
此外,乙酰基碳的氯代反应传统方法都直接或间接的依赖于Cl+离子的亲电氯代机制,导致了无法识别与区分竞争性的反应位点,难以实现选择性的氯代。在含有C-C双键、C-C三键或富电子芳环等亲核性竞争反应位点时,传统氯代方法往往得到无选择性或低选择性的过度官能团化产物,无法精准的在乙酰基碳上引入氯原子。这一氯代反应研究领域中长期存在的原理性问题制约了氯代反应的可适底物结构,限制了其应用范围。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种具有绿色、高效、高选择性的α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:本发明所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,所述化合物具有如下述通式(I)的结构:
其中,R1是苯基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、4-溴苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-硝基苯基、4-氨基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-乙炔基苯基、4-甲磺酰基苯基、2-苯基乙烯基、4-苯基1,3-丁二烯基、噻吩-3基、2-(3,4,5三甲氧基苯基)- 乙烯基或4-(呋喃-2基)-1,3丁二烯基中的任意一种;
根据HCl用量的不同,R2是氢或氯中的一种。
进一步的,一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,
首先、预备反应装置、芳乙酮类化合物、碘、DMSO、反应溶剂及HCl;
其次,以预备的芳乙酮类化合物为原料,依次在反应体系中加入芳乙酮类化合物、碘、DMSO及反应溶剂;
最后,加入HCl并维持反应体系的反应温度;最终制得α单氯代及α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮化合物;即α氯代芳乙酮类化合物。
进一步的,所述碘与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为:1:1-10。
进一步的,所述DMSO与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为:2-20:1。
进一步的,所述反应溶剂是DMA、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯或1,2-二氯乙烷中的任意一种。
进一步的,所述芳乙酮类化合物的浓度应为:0.05mol/L-1mol/L。
进一步的,所述反应体系中反应温度为:60-90℃。
进一步的,在制备的α单氯代及α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮化合物中,所述制备α单氯代芳乙酮所使用的HCl与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为:1-1.2:1;
所述制备α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮所用HCl与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为: 2:1-2.7:1。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的特点是:1、反应体系中始终只有催化计量原位生成的I2作为唯一的亲电试剂。双键、三键和富电芳环的C(sp2)-H键在此情况下得以保留,拓宽了该氯代反应的底物范围,提高了反应选择性;2、依赖于碘的氧化循环途径,该反应只需要催化量的碘即可完成,避免了因大量使用卤素单质带来的潜在毒性和环境危害。除少量酸参与烯醇互变的催化外,反应实现了较高的氯原子利用率,符合绿色化学的理念;3、反应使用温和的氧化剂 DMSO,避免了不稳定的高价氧化物及过氧化物的使用,使反应更加安全可控; 4、可以通过控制HCl的投料量来控制氯代反应的程度,在底物空间位阻允许的前提下,可以选择性地制备羰基α单氯和α,α’-二氯代产物。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,下面对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明:
本发明所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,以一系列芳乙酮类化合物为底物(原料),包括双键、三键、富电子芳环和缺电子芳环等传统氯代反应不耐受的官能团,在反应溶剂DMA(反应体系)中依次加入芳乙酮类化合物、催化量的碘、化学计量的DMSO(反应溶剂),然后通过调整控制HCl的投料量(加入量)并控制反应温度(80℃),实现了氯代程度的控制,制备得到了相应的α单氯代芳乙酮和α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮;即α氯代芳乙酮类化合物。
具体的,所述α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备路线如下:
所述化合物具有下述通式(I)的结构:
其中,
其中,所述碘与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比在1:10-1:1之间,优选以1:10为佳。
进一步地,所述DMSO与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比可以在2:1-20:1之间,优选以20:1为佳。
进一步地,所述反应溶剂可以为DMA、DMSO、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯及1,2- 二氯乙烷中的任意一种,优选的以DMA为佳。
进一步地,所述反应体系中芳乙酮类化合物的浓度可以在0.05mol/L-1mol/L 之间,本发明要求0.2mol/L为佳。
进一步地,所述反应温度可以在60-90℃之间,本发明要求80℃为佳。
进一步地,所述制备α单氯代芳乙酮所用HCl与芳乙酮原料的摩尔比可以在1:1-1.2:1之间,本发明要求1.1:1为佳。
进一步地,所述制备α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮所用HCl与芳乙酮原料的摩尔比可以在2:1-2.7:1之间,本发明要求2.5:1为佳。
实施例1:α-氯代苯乙酮(2-Chloroacetophenone)的制备方法:
在15ml耐压管中装入磁力搅拌子,使用分析天平称量碘12.7mg装入耐压管,用移液枪依次量取苯乙酮58ul、DMSO 710ul、DMA 2.5ml、37wt%HCl 46ul装入耐压管并迅速密封;将耐压管放置在控温磁力搅拌器上,将反应温度设置为 80℃,搅拌反应2小时;反应结束将耐压管取出冷却至室温,将反应液全部倒入装有100ml饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液的分液漏斗中,用100ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次合并有机层,在有机层加入无水硫酸钠进行干燥除水,然后对有机层进行减压蒸馏浓缩得到粗产物;粗产物通过硅胶柱层析分离获得目标产物α-氯代苯乙酮,产率为88%。
实施例2:α,α’-二氯苯乙酮(2,2-Dichloroacetophenone)的制备方法:
在15ml耐压管中装入磁力搅拌子,使用分析天平称量碘12.7mg装入耐压管,用移液枪依次量取苯乙酮58ul、DMSO 710ul、DMA 2.5ml、37wt%HCl 105ul装入耐压管并迅速密封;将耐压管放置在控温磁力搅拌器上,将反应温度设置为 80℃,搅拌反应2小时;反应结束将耐压管取出冷却至室温,将反应液全部倒入装有100ml饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液的分液漏斗中,用100ml乙酸乙酯萃取3次合并有机层,在有机层加入无水硫酸钠进行干燥除水,然后对有机层进行减压蒸馏浓缩得到粗产物;粗产物通过硅胶柱层析分离获得目标产物α,α’-二氯苯乙酮,产率为92%。
最后,应当理解的是,本发明中所述实施例仅用以说明本发明实施例的原则;其他的变形也可能属于本发明的范围;因此,作为示例而非限制,本发明实施例的替代配置可视为与本发明的教导一致;相应地,本发明的实施例不限于本发明明确介绍和描述的实施例。
Claims (7)
1.一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物具有如下述通式(I)的结构:
其中,R1是苯基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、4-溴苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-硝基苯基、4-氨基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-乙炔基苯基、4-甲磺酰基苯基、2-苯基乙烯基、4-苯基1,3-丁二烯基、噻吩-3基、2-(3,4,5三甲氧基苯基)-乙烯基或4-(呋喃-2基)-1,3丁二烯基中的任意一种;
根据HCl用量的不同,R2是氢或氯中的一种;
所述反应溶剂为DMA。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,首先、预备反应装置、芳乙酮类化合物、碘、DMSO、反应溶剂及HCl;
其次,以预备的芳乙酮类化合物为原料,依次在反应体系中加入芳乙酮类化合物、碘、DMSO及反应溶剂;
最后,加入HCl并维持反应体系的反应温度;最终制得α单氯代及α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮化合物;即α氯代芳乙酮类化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碘与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为:1:1-10。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述DMSO与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为:2-20:1。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述芳乙酮类化合物的浓度应为:0.05mol/L-1mol/L。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应体系为装入磁力搅拌子的耐压管;
所述反应体系中的反应温度为:80℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种α氯代芳乙酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在制备的α单氯代及α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮化合物中,所述制备α单氯代芳乙酮所使用的HCl与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为:1-1.2:1;
所述制备α,α’-二氯代芳乙酮所用HCl与芳乙酮类化合物的摩尔比为:2:1-2.7:1。
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