CN1148824C - 带有固态聚合电解质的燃料电池 - Google Patents
带有固态聚合电解质的燃料电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1148824C CN1148824C CNB961911999A CN96191199A CN1148824C CN 1148824 C CN1148824 C CN 1148824C CN B961911999 A CNB961911999 A CN B961911999A CN 96191199 A CN96191199 A CN 96191199A CN 1148824 C CN1148824 C CN 1148824C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- film
- described fuel
- carbon
- aeroge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
一种燃料电池,具有一个可传导质子的薄膜,在该薄膜的两侧面上设有催化剂材料,并分别设有一个集电极,其特征如下:集电极(16、18)在其朝向薄膜(14)的一侧面上带有导电的、可使气体通过的碳-气凝胶,其粗糙度<2μm,在碳-气凝胶上各自涂有由铂或铂合金组成的催化剂层(15、17),在催化剂层(15、17)之间有一等离子化学沉积的薄膜(14),其厚度为3~50μm。
Description
本发明涉及一种燃料电池,它具有一个可传导质子的薄膜,在其两侧面上配有催化剂材料,并在其每一侧各设有一个集电极。
燃料电池用于使化学能尤其以气态氢和氧形式转化成电能的电化学转化。在众多已公开的类型中,所谓的PEM-燃料电池(PEM=聚合-电解质-薄膜)被优先例如用作汽车动力。这种类型的燃料电池的优点在于,相对较低的工作温度(约为到100℃),不含腐蚀性液态电解质,对二氧化碳(CO2)的非敏感性,以及最终相对简单的机械结构。除电池壳体、冷却单元及分离器、气体供给及分配装置,由单个元件组成燃料电池组所用装置外,PEM-燃料电池主要由两个透气的、多孔的、导电的、设在阳极侧和阴极侧上的集电极组成,它们与固体电解质薄膜相邻。
在集电极和薄膜之间设有精细分布的、呈催化活性的催化剂,例如铂或铂合金。燃料电池的每一侧被供给燃气,尤其是氢气或含氢气体和氧化剂,尤其是氧或含氧气体,如空气。在阳极上,氢被氧化,同时产生质子,它们穿过薄膜扩散到氧侧;此时,通常附带有水产生(所谓的牵制效应Drag-Effekt)。在阴极上,质子与被还原的氧化合成水、即生成水,这些水以适当方式从燃料电池中去除。
由于牵制效应,水从薄膜的阳极侧去除,使得薄膜干燥,如果不能补充足够的水,它将失去其功能。其带来的问题是,尤其在接近大气压力的空气环境中,生产薄膜的高成本和缺少生产具有薄催化剂层和高功率密度的薄膜/电解质单元的廉价工艺。在薄膜相对较厚时,由于电阻损耗而引起功率降低。
对燃料电池的技术解决方案已经公开(参见例如DE-OS 3321984和EP-OS 0560295)。在此,作为透气的导电层,即集电极,采用了碳纸(US-PS 4215183)和碳布(应用电化学学报-“J.Appl.Electrochem.”、第22卷(1992)1至7页);金属结构也可考虑(DE-OS 4206490)。全氟化的、磺化高分子,如Nafion,Raymion和Permion.被用作传导质子薄膜(“Ber.Bunsenges.Phys.Chem.”物理化学、94期(1990)1008~1014页)。由于可操作性方面的原因,薄膜层厚为50~200μm。薄膜的重要性能是耐热性能(约至100℃)、还原及氧化稳定性、耐酸和耐水解性、在同时离子导电(H+)情况下有足够低的比电阻(<10Ω·cm),低的氢或氧渗透性,以及不含针孔。同时,薄膜应是尽可能亲水性的,以便通过现有的水不但保证质子传导而且通过水往阳极的互为扩散使薄膜变干,并由此防止导电性的降低。这些性能通常可借助这样的材料来达到,即它们不具有脂肪族碳氢键,这些键例如可通过由氟取代氢或通过已有的芳香族结构来达到;而质子传导通过引入磺酸根(强酸性)来达到。
设置在集电极和传导质子薄膜之间的电极,即催化剂层,是主要用来使燃料电池发挥其功能,在这些由精细分布的催化剂材料组成的层上,它们例如也可涂覆在碳上,发生下面的基本过程,即在阳极侧,氢的吸附、分解和氧化;而在阴极侧,发生相应的氧还原。该层必须足够透气和呈催化活性,即具有足够大的内表面,其中,催化剂、如铂的量由于经济原因应尽可能少。目前燃料电池电极需要铂量例如在3mg/cm2(EP-OS0560295)和0.095mg/cm2(EP-OS 0569062)及0.07mg/cm2(电化学学会学报-“J.Electrochem.Soc.”,139卷(1992)L28-L30页)之间。为确保集电极、电极(催化剂)和薄膜之间紧密接触,通常要对这些层热压。每单个燃料电池的壳体应这样设计,即不但确保良好的气体供给,还要将生成的水顺利排走。为了获得足够的功率,燃料电池大都被组合成组,其中上述要求在设计上均得以满足。
虽然已公开,通过薄的薄膜来达到内部润湿(WO 92/13365),不过,这受到最小可操作层厚(>50μm)的限制。此外已公开US-PS 5242764,在电极上采用湿化学法(naβ chemisch)涂覆薄的薄膜(>20μm)并接着挤压(总厚度>40μm)。不过,上述措施由于湿化学(naβ chemisch)方法而受到限制,例如由于层厚和过程中的材料损耗,此外,没有对此提出解决方法,即尤其在薄膜较薄时如何满足对集电极表面的平面度要求。另外,所采用的电极具有1mg/cm2的铂层并因此远不能满足对高功率密度和低成本的要求。除此之外,薄膜/电极单元在其边缘处由一个与该单元重叠的、带有中心孔的薄膜密封。这实现起来也很困难和麻烦,因为,密封的薄膜同样必须很薄;此外,薄膜分层也很昂贵。
在已有技术中还出现了其它问题,例如,由石墨纸或碳布组成的集电极,即使在高压挤压情况下,其部分仅与催化剂材料成点接触。电子则很难从电极流到集电极。薄膜的生产目前按通常的湿化学法(聚合作用、磺化作用)进行,这必然被迫导致排放问题和环境污染。
本发明的目的在于设计一种带有可传导质子薄膜的燃料电池,在其两侧上设有催化剂材料并在每一侧设有一个集电极,即一方面减小薄膜的内阻并避免燃料侧变干,而另一方面使经济地生产薄膜成为可能。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,即采用一种燃料电池,它具有一个可传导质子的薄膜,在该薄膜的两侧面上设有催化剂材料并分别设有一个集电极,
-集电极在其朝向薄膜的侧面上带有一导电的、可使气体通过的碳-气凝胶,其粗糙度<2μm,
-碳-气凝胶上各自涂有由铂或铂合金组成的催化剂层,
-在催化剂层之间有一个等离子化学沉积的薄膜,其厚度介于3和50μm之间。
本发明所述燃料电池的主要特征是碳-气凝胶,这种燃料电池可表示为薄层燃料电池。该材料已被公开(参见:应用物理学报-“J.Appl.Phys.”,73卷(1993),第581~584页),它将通过一种适当的方法涂覆在一集电极上。该集电极最好由石墨纸或碳布组成,并且最好是抗水性的,如带有聚四氟乙烯。
碳-气凝胶最好具有10-2~103Ω-1·cm-1的比电导率和0.06~0.7g/cm3的密度;其气孔大小在20~100nm(孔隙度约到95%)。通过初始单体的选择和通过过程控制及通过相应的再处理就可调节出碳-气凝胶的抗水性。碳-气凝胶的主要任务在于,将石墨纸和碳布的很不平的表面结构局部大大地平整化(粗糙度<2μm)。由此,一方面使集电极和催化剂材料能紧密地接触,而另一方面,碳-气凝胶代表一个足够平的基底,以便能以等离子化学方式沉积出较薄的薄胶。
将催化剂涂覆在碳-气凝胶上成较薄的层。该过程最好借助等离子化学工艺完成,其中,在一个等离子沉积反应器内,例如在10-4~10mbar的低压等离子区中,由一种在该压力下呈气态的有机铂化合物,如三甲基环五二烯铂,使得铂在较薄的多孔层中沉积出;激发可通过高频、微波或借助一个ECR-发射器(ECR=电子回旋共振)来实现。这种涂层的比电阻<1mΩ·cm,例如其比电阻约为20μΩ·cm。也可采用溅射法(Sputterverfahren)或其它沉积方法制备铂层(见“电子化学学报”一J.Electrochem.Soc.139卷(1992)L28~L30页)。
催化剂层设在传导质子的薄膜上,其层厚为3~50μm,最好为5~20μm。借助等离子聚合过程生产的薄膜在潮湿状态下最好具有一个比电阻<10Ω·cm。等离子化学沉积最好在一个由高频、微波或ECR发射器激发的、10-4~10mbar的低压等离子区内、在采用该压力下呈气态的单体条件下完成。适宜的单体例如为全氟化的化合物,如八氟环丁烷和全氟苯,或还有带C-H键的单体,它们在等离子聚合物中不构成脂肪族的H-原子,这些原子可能是氧化分解的作用位点。薄膜传导质子的性能可这样实现,即相应的气体与作业气体混合,如SO2、SO3、三氟甲烷磺酸或它们的氟化物,强酸性的碳酸,如三氟醋酸,和挥发性的磷酸化合物(“Ber Bunsenges.Phys.Chem.”-“物理化学”98卷(1994)631-635页)。
催化剂和薄膜的等离子沉积的过程也可以部分地同时进行。通过这种方式可使催化剂和可传导质子的聚合物(含离子键聚合物)通过薄膜附近的电极区而实现紧密结合。催化剂颗粒之间的孔隙,由于涂层较薄(例如约0.1mg.Pt/cm2),全部或部分由离聚物填充。
在传导质子的薄膜上面还设有另一催化剂层。该层可同样以等离子化学方式直接沉积在薄膜上,也可采用其它技术涂覆。接着,在该催化剂层上设置第二个集电极,它通常由与第一个集电极同样的材料组成,则总的结构被压缩。
也可以将一完全平的,由催化剂和集电极组成的结构挤压在薄膜上,以制取燃料电池。在此,其先决条件是足够的平整度以获得良好的接触,这种接触由碳-气凝胶组成的层来达到。另一种制取可能性在于,在第二电极上同样沉积出一薄膜,而薄层燃料电池则由两个同样构造的组件通过一种接合工艺,如通过挤压组合而成。这样,针孔的危险被大大降低。
按照本发明,下面这样一种接合方案对燃料电池的构造是有益的,即两个集电极具有不同的尺寸。因为,通过这种方式,能使阳极区和阴极区之间形成一种气闭的、电绝缘的结合。这种形式的密封不仅在通常的电池构造中是可能的,如DE-OS 3321984所公开的那样,而且在DE-PS 4442285的发明内容所记载的创新方案中也可实现。
图1表示一个已公开的用空气操作的燃料电池的薄膜/电极单元的接合方案。此处采用了一种附加的密封材料,它不是必须由薄膜材料组成,但例如也能包围薄膜/电极单元的整个边缘。图2表示前面所述创新燃料电池结构中的接合方案。
在图1和2中的附图标记有以下含义:
10、12:电池壳体
11、21:氢气室
12、22:气管
13、23:空气室
14、24:薄膜
15、25:阳极
16、26:集电极
17、27:阴极
18、28:集电极
19:密封垫
29:夹紧装置
本发明燃料电池的结构解决传统燃料电池中所出现的问题如下:
-通过薄的层厚获得低的层电阻和高的水反向扩散,即薄膜不干燥;
-由于碳-气凝胶层平滑,使得电极/薄膜单元与集电极之间的紧密接触成为可能。
-由于催化剂层很薄,导致生产过程很经济。
-该生产方法不污染环境,因为采用了真空过程。
Claims (10)
1.一种燃料电池,它具有一个可传导质子的薄膜,在该薄膜的两侧面上设有催化剂材料并分别设有一个集电极,其特征在于,
集电极(16、18)在其朝向薄膜(14)的侧面上带有一导电的、可使气体通过的碳-气凝胶,其粗糙度<2μm,
碳-气凝胶上各自涂有由铂或铂合金组成的催化剂层(15、17),
在催化剂层(15、17)之间有一个等离子化学沉积的薄膜(14),其厚度介于3和50μm之间。
2.按照权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,碳-气凝胶的比电导率介于10-2和103Ω-1·cm-1之间,其密度介于0.06和0.7g/cm3之间。
3.按照权利要求1所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,碳-气凝胶的层厚≥100μm。
4.按照权利要求2所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,碳-气凝胶的层厚≥100μm。
5.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,集电极(16、18)由石墨纸或碳布组成。
6.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,薄膜(14)的层厚介于5和20μm之间。
7.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,薄膜(14)在潮湿状态下的比电阻<10Ω·cm。
8.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,薄膜在一种由高频、微波或由一个电子回旋共振发射器激发的、10-4~10毫巴的低压等离子体作用下由气态单体而制得。
9.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,铂催化剂在一种由高频、微波或由一个电子回旋共振发射器激发的、10-4~10毫巴的低压等离子体作用下,由气态单体制得,其比电阻<1mΩ·cm。
10.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃料电池,其特征在于,两个集电极(16、18)具有不同的尺寸。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19513292A DE19513292C1 (de) | 1995-04-07 | 1995-04-07 | Brennstoffzelle |
DE19513292.0 | 1995-04-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1166237A CN1166237A (zh) | 1997-11-26 |
CN1148824C true CN1148824C (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
Family
ID=7759197
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB961911999A Expired - Fee Related CN1148824C (zh) | 1995-04-07 | 1996-03-22 | 带有固态聚合电解质的燃料电池 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6010798A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0819320B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11503267A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR19980703672A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1148824C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE181460T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2217452A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19513292C1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2133948T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW297172B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996031913A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109103462A (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-28 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七二研究所) | 一种燃料电池用钴-氮共掺杂碳气凝胶催化剂及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6159533A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2000-12-12 | Southwest Research Institute | Method of depositing a catalyst on a fuel cell electrode |
DE19606612A1 (de) * | 1996-02-22 | 1997-08-28 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Elektrolyt-Gasdiffusionselektroden-Einheit |
US6030718A (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2000-02-29 | Avista Corporation | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system |
DE19815209C2 (de) * | 1998-04-04 | 2000-01-20 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer PEM-Brennstoffzelle mittels Plasmabehandlung und deren Verwendung |
US6610436B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-08-26 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Catalytic coatings and fuel cell electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies made therefrom |
ATE235109T1 (de) * | 1998-09-30 | 2003-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Reaktionswasserausbringung bei pem- brennstoffzellen |
DE19914680C2 (de) * | 1999-03-31 | 2003-02-20 | Joerg Mueller | Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran mit integrierter Katalysatormetall-dotierter poröser Graphit-Kontaktschicht |
DE19914661C2 (de) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-11-14 | Joerg Mueller | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer intergriert verschalteten Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran-Brennstoffzelle |
US6300000B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-10-09 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs and poison resistance |
US6517962B1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2003-02-11 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fuel cell anode structures for voltage reversal tolerance |
AU3263001A (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-30 | Neah Power Systems, Inc. | Fuel cells having silicon substrates and/or sol-gel derived support structures |
DE19962686A1 (de) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-26 | Siemens Ag | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine Brennstoffzelle und Herstellungsverfahren dazu |
JP4519246B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-03 | 2010-08-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 固体高分子燃料電池用セルの製造方法 |
US6468682B1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2002-10-22 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Ion exchange membrane fuel cell |
WO2001094450A2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-13 | Sri International | Polymer membrane composition |
JP3670565B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2005-07-13 | 株式会社東芝 | 液体供給型メタノール燃料電池用イオン導電性膜およびそれを用いた燃料電池 |
WO2002054515A2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-11 | The University Of Oklahoma | Conductive polyamine-based electrolyte |
US6716551B2 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2004-04-06 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Abraded fluid diffusion layer for an electrochemical fuel cell |
US6582846B2 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2003-06-24 | Graftech, Inc. | Method for preparing fuel cell component substrate of flexible graphite material having improved catalytic properties |
TW582124B (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2004-04-01 | Polyfuel Inc | Fuel cell assembly for portable electronic device and interface, control, and regulator circuit for fuel cell powered electronic device |
US7316855B2 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2008-01-08 | Polyfuel, Inc. | Fuel cell assembly for portable electronic device and interface, control, and regulator circuit for fuel cell powered electronic device |
US6492045B1 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2002-12-10 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Corrugated current collector for direct internal reforming fuel cells |
US6716549B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2004-04-06 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Fuel cell having metalized gas diffusion layer |
JP2006504508A (ja) * | 2001-12-27 | 2006-02-09 | エアロジェル・コンポジット・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | エアロジェル及び金属組成物 |
KR100439854B1 (ko) * | 2002-03-13 | 2004-07-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 에어로젤형 백금-루테늄-탄소 촉매, 그 제조방법 및 상기촉매를 이용한 직접메탄올 연료전지 |
US20030235753A1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2003-12-25 | David Champion | Method for fabricating high surface area catalysts |
US20040175598A1 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-09-09 | Bliven David C. | Fuel cell power supply for portable computing device and method for fuel cell power control |
MXPA05005924A (es) * | 2002-12-02 | 2006-03-17 | Polyfuel Inc | Cartucho de celda de combustible para dispositivo electronico portatil. |
US20040141908A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Hara Hiroaki S. | Aerogel and metallic composites |
US7425381B2 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2008-09-16 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | High temperature seal |
US7056608B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2006-06-06 | Relion, Inc. | Current collector for use in a fuel cell |
US20040175498A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2004-09-09 | Lotfi Hedhli | Method for preparing membrane electrode assemblies |
US6939636B2 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2005-09-06 | Relion, Inc. | Air cooled fuel cell module |
US7308510B2 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2007-12-11 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for avoiding live-lock in a multinode system |
KR20050102452A (ko) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-10-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 촉매 및 이를 포함하는 연료 전지 |
US20060029857A1 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Carbon aerogel and xerogel fuels for fuel cells and batteries |
US20060042224A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Daw Shien Scientific Research & Development, Inc. | Dual-plasma jet thruster with fuel cell |
CN100563050C (zh) * | 2005-04-27 | 2009-11-25 | 爱考斯研究株式会社 | 燃料电池的电极和膜电极接合体 |
US7622088B2 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2009-11-24 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Rapid activation catalyst system in a non-thermal plasma catalytic reactor |
US8026020B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2011-09-27 | Relion, Inc. | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack module |
US9293778B2 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2016-03-22 | Emergent Power Inc. | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
US8003274B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2011-08-23 | Relion, Inc. | Direct liquid fuel cell |
FR2928227B1 (fr) * | 2008-02-29 | 2010-04-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication d'une membrane polymerique a conduction ionique pour pile a combustible. |
US20110008706A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-01-13 | Cipollini Ned E | Polymer coating of pem fuel cell catalyst layers |
CA2746895C (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2015-11-24 | Societe Bic. | Hydrogen generator with aerogel catalyst |
CN102576855B (zh) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-11-25 | 赛昂能源有限公司 | 用于电化学电池的剥离系统 |
KR102026508B1 (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-09-27 | 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 | 보호된 전극 구조물 및 방법 |
JP2016511517A (ja) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-04-14 | ビーエイエスエフ・ソシエタス・エウロパエアBasf Se | 保護電極構造 |
US10490796B2 (en) | 2014-02-19 | 2019-11-26 | Sion Power Corporation | Electrode protection using electrolyte-inhibiting ion conductor |
KR102316170B1 (ko) | 2014-02-19 | 2021-10-21 | 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 | 전해질-억제 이온 전도체를 포함하는 복합체를 사용한 전극 보호 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4215183A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-07-29 | General Electric Company | Wet proofed conductive current collector for the electrochemical cells |
DE3321984A1 (de) * | 1982-06-23 | 1983-12-29 | General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. | Brennstoffzellenbatterie mit verbesserter membrankuehlung |
US4678724A (en) * | 1982-06-23 | 1987-07-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell battery with improved membrane cooling |
US4649091A (en) * | 1982-06-23 | 1987-03-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell battery with improved membrane cooling |
US5260143A (en) * | 1991-01-15 | 1993-11-09 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing water from electrochemical fuel cells |
US5242764A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-09-07 | Bcs Technology, Inc. | Near ambient, unhumidified solid polymer fuel cell |
DE4206490C2 (de) * | 1992-03-02 | 1994-03-10 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Elektrisch leitfähige Gasverteilerstruktur für eine Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
JP3245929B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-09 | 2002-01-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 燃料電池及びその応用装置 |
US5272017A (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-12-21 | General Motors Corporation | Membrane-electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells |
US5399184A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-03-21 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Method for fabricating gas diffusion electrode assembly for fuel cells |
DE4241150C1 (de) * | 1992-12-07 | 1994-06-01 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Elektrodenmembran-Verbund, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
DE4442285C1 (de) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-02-08 | Siemens Ag | Brennstoffzellen und daraus bestehende Brennstoffzellenbatterien |
US5672439A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-09-30 | Ballard Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in an electrochemical fuel cell |
-
1995
- 1995-04-07 DE DE19513292A patent/DE19513292C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-03-22 KR KR1019970707071A patent/KR19980703672A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-22 ES ES96907257T patent/ES2133948T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-22 AT AT96907257T patent/ATE181460T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-22 DE DE59602251T patent/DE59602251D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-22 EP EP96907257A patent/EP0819320B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-22 JP JP8529844A patent/JPH11503267A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-03-22 CN CNB961911999A patent/CN1148824C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-22 CA CA002217452A patent/CA2217452A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-22 US US08/894,759 patent/US6010798A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-22 WO PCT/DE1996/000497 patent/WO1996031913A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-25 TW TW085103540A patent/TW297172B/zh active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109103462A (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-28 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七二研究所) | 一种燃料电池用钴-氮共掺杂碳气凝胶催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN109103462B (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-04-23 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) | 一种燃料电池用钴-氮共掺杂碳气凝胶催化剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2133948T3 (es) | 1999-09-16 |
US6010798A (en) | 2000-01-04 |
TW297172B (zh) | 1997-02-01 |
KR19980703672A (ko) | 1998-12-05 |
JPH11503267A (ja) | 1999-03-23 |
CA2217452A1 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
CN1166237A (zh) | 1997-11-26 |
ATE181460T1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
DE19513292C1 (de) | 1996-08-22 |
DE59602251D1 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
EP0819320A1 (de) | 1998-01-21 |
WO1996031913A1 (de) | 1996-10-10 |
EP0819320B1 (de) | 1999-06-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1148824C (zh) | 带有固态聚合电解质的燃料电池 | |
US6562446B1 (en) | Multi-layer polymer electrolyte-membrane, electrochemical apparatus and process for the preparation of multi-layer polymer electrolyte membrane | |
US5981097A (en) | Multiple layer membranes for fuel cells employing direct feed fuels | |
Parthasarathy et al. | Electrode kinetics of oxygen reduction at carbon-supported and unsupported platinum microcrystallite/Nafion® interfaces | |
EP1131855B1 (en) | Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs | |
Pu et al. | A methanol impermeable proton conducting composite electrolyte system | |
US7097932B1 (en) | Polymer electrolytic fuel cell and method for producing the same | |
US20020019308A1 (en) | Composite catalyst for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell and processes for producing the same | |
JPH0536418A (ja) | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池およびその製造方法 | |
KR20030094001A (ko) | 촉매 피복된 막을 사용한 막-전극-어셈블리의 제조방법 | |
US7056423B2 (en) | Apparatus for producing hydrogen, electrochemical device, method for producing hydrogen and method for generating electrochemical energy | |
KR101228648B1 (ko) | 기체확산전극, 막-전극 접합체 및 이의 제조방법 | |
KR20040048310A (ko) | 연료 전지용 전극 및 연료 전지 | |
JPH10334923A (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池用膜・電極接合体 | |
JPH07326363A (ja) | イオン導電性付与電極並びにそのような電極を用いた電極・電解質接合体及びセル | |
JP2003109604A (ja) | 燃料電池用ガス拡散電極およびその製造法 | |
CN1628395A (zh) | 限定甲醇穿过电解质的燃料电池基础元件 | |
US20040009385A1 (en) | Composite membrane | |
JP3978757B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用ガス拡散電極−電解質膜接合体およびその製造方法 | |
JP4117430B2 (ja) | ガス拡散電極及びそれを備えた燃料電池 | |
JP2001160401A (ja) | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用ガス拡散電極およびその製造方法 | |
WO2001039300A2 (en) | Cathode structures for direct liquid fuel cells | |
CN1242112A (zh) | 用于直接供给燃料的燃料电池的多层隔膜 | |
KR20050116581A (ko) | 연료전지용 전극 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |