CN114840895A - Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing - Google Patents

Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114840895A
CN114840895A CN202210493554.4A CN202210493554A CN114840895A CN 114840895 A CN114840895 A CN 114840895A CN 202210493554 A CN202210493554 A CN 202210493554A CN 114840895 A CN114840895 A CN 114840895A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
printing
slope
base material
bin
spraying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202210493554.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN114840895B (en
Inventor
罗婷
程虎
许文年
夏栋
夏露
闫书星
刘芳
杨悦舒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Three Gorges University CTGU
Original Assignee
China Three Gorges University CTGU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Three Gorges University CTGU filed Critical China Three Gorges University CTGU
Priority to CN202210493554.4A priority Critical patent/CN114840895B/en
Publication of CN114840895A publication Critical patent/CN114840895A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN114840895B publication Critical patent/CN114840895B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
    • A01C7/085—Broadcast seeders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/10—Additive manufacturing, e.g. 3D printing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing, which adopts three-dimensional modeling software or a digital scanning technology to construct a three-dimensional CAD entity model with environmental information, a slope structure, geotechnical properties and landscape design information. A plurality of printing units with parallel slope slopes are set through a color distribution function, and a base material set required by each printing unit is digitally and precisely calculated. The fine slope landscape construction is met through the bin truck, the 3D printing system and the computer control unit. The whole system is controlled by the computer control unit, so that the production of engineering waste is greatly reduced, the time cost is also greatly reduced, the labor can be replaced on a large scale, and the safety factor of a construction site is improved; and can be continuously built for 24 hours all day long, thereby reducing the engineering cost.

Description

Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of slope greening and ecological restoration construction, in particular to a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing.
Background
Due to huge construction disturbance of engineering and mines, a series of ecological environment problems occur on the slope surface, the ecological economic environment for seeking sustainable development becomes a consensus, and the ecological economic environment can beautify the environment, purify the air, keep water resources, prevent water and soil loss, prevent landslide and the like. The current slope greening construction steps comprise slope surface pretreatment, plant growing rod installation, net hanging anchoring, base material surface layer spraying, sprinkling irrigation system installation, non-woven fabric covering and maintenance management, and used machines comprise an air compressor, a mixer, a mortar machine, a spray-seeding machine and the like, and the problems of large outdoor high-altitude operation, large worker mobility, large manual operation, various construction machinery types and the like are faced. The series of dynamic changes cause that construction faces larger danger, and the practical problems that base material spraying is uneven, engineering waste materials are more and the like exist, and the difficulty is higher particularly in the field of greening construction of high and steep slopes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing, wherein the slope greening three-dimensional printing refers to a 3D printing technology for manufacturing large objects and a forming method, so that the possibility is brought to safe and efficient construction in the field of slope restoration, the method integrates multiple subjects such as a computer control unit, automation, machinery, materials, civil engineering and the like, and the method has the following aims and functions: digital slope greening structures and landscape ideas are designed by means of a 3D design technology, and slope greening landscapes which are reasonable in structure and aesthetic in art are built quickly and automatically by printing three-dimensional equipment.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the invention aims to realize that: a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing is characterized in that a digital slope greening structure and a landscape conception are designed by means of a 3D scanning technology, when slope spraying construction is carried out, compressed gas impact force of a storage bin truck is directly transmitted to a 3D printing dry spray head or a 3D printing wet spray head of a 3D printing system, and the slope spraying construction method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a slope model;
step two: carrying out layered treatment on the side slope slices;
step three: proportioning and running the base materials;
step four: three-dimensional printing of a base material;
step five: and (5) processing after printing.
The specific operation of the step one is as follows: slope surface scanning is carried out through the 3D scanning camera, a three-dimensional CAD entity model with environment information, a slope structure, rock and soil properties and landscape design information is constructed by combining a data processing technology, and slope surface items pre-printed by various base materials are formulated based on slope surface information.
The specific operation of the second step is as follows: dividing a substrate layer to be printed into a plurality of printing units with parallel slope slopes, and digitally and precisely calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit; converting the base material structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the molding base material structure information in each unit slice corresponds to the corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head; and the accurate layering and stacking of each unit slice are realized through numerical control movement and base material spraying of a spray head.
The slope information scanning is acquired by a 3D scanning camera, and the base layer and the surface layer of the base material are colored in a partition mode in a CAD solid model file; according to the landscape setting of the surface layer of the base material, the base material and the seed ratio are defined by adopting a color distribution function, and the distribution function can reflect the continuous change setting of the side slope landscape in the height and horizontal direction; and finishing seed proportioning treatment and base material determination by a color penetration technology based on a mapping.
The third step comprises the following specific operations: the system comprises a storage hopper vehicle, a 3D printing system and a computer control unit; the storage bin truck comprises a mixing bin, a material bin, a pumping machine and a water collecting bin, wherein the material bin comprises a planting soil bin and a seed bin; under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the corresponding base material and plant seeds in the planting soil bin and the seed bin of the material bin are sequentially put into the mixing bin through the funnel mouth for stirring, and the stirred base material is sent to a 3D printing system through a spray-seeding machine; the 3D printing system comprises an aerial ladder, a conveying pipeline, a 3D printing dry nozzle and a 3D printing wet nozzle, and the stirred base material is sprayed out from the 3D printing dry nozzle or the 3D printing wet nozzle through the conveying pipeline by the spray-seeding machine through numerical control movement.
The specific operation of the fourth step is as follows: the mode can be adjusted through the computer control unit, and scanning camera scanning mode, dry spray mode and wet spray mode are realized, and the computer control unit sends control command to the 3D printing system, carries out domatic scanning formation of image respectively and carries out multiple shaping substrate branch basic unit, surface course spray seeding.
The concrete operation of the step five is as follows: carrying out watering maintenance on the printed slope greening in the seedling stage, covering the printed slope greening with non-woven fabrics, and removing the non-woven fabrics after plants grow out, thereby obtaining the slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions;
the seedling stage is maintained by sprinkling water for 0-60 days after construction.
In the fourth step, the multi-base material printing nozzle comprises a plurality of printing nozzles capable of spraying different base materials, and each printing nozzle adopts the same feeding mode to intensively output the base materials and realize independent base material spraying control; when printing is started, the computer control unit controls the printing nozzles to perform set printing movement according to the structural information of each layer, selectively controls one or more printing nozzles according to the layout information of the base materials, and regulates the materials of the water collecting bin to be sprayed at the outlets of the printing nozzles by using a dry spraying or wet spraying process; before the surface layer of the base material is printed, plant seeds are mixed into the base material of the mixing bin and are uniformly sprayed to the printing unit set by the computer control unit, so that the landscape effect is achieved;
when in spray planting, the spray head is vertical to the slope surface, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface is not more than 2 m; wetting the slope surface before spray planting;
the spraying time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer is not more than 2.5h in summer and not more than 4h in winter; the distance between the 3D printing nozzle and the slope surface is preferably 0.8-1.2 m; the spray seeding is uniform, the spray missing is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and the dead angle need to be fully noticed; it is not suitable for spray-seeding construction in rainy days or strong winds.
In the second step, the thickness of the printed slope greening base layer is 60-80mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 20-40 mm; the thickness of the parallel printing slicing unit is 10-20 mm.
In the third step, a plurality of separable cells are arranged in the material bin and are respectively used for storing base material raw materials and plant seeds, wherein the base material raw materials comprise planting soil, organic materials, fibers, cement and modifying agents; the plant seeds comprise fast-growing herbs, wild flower seeds and shrub seeds;
when mixing dry spraying feeding materials, firstly feeding planting soil, then feeding organic materials and modifying agents, and then feeding mixed species; stirring for 3-5 min;
when the wet spraying feeding is stirred, according to the sequence of dry spraying feeding, feeding and stirring the materials from the water collecting bin while supplying water, and continuously stirring for 10-15 min after all the materials are fed; the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, and the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden to be used;
selecting sandy loam and planting soil from the planting soil in the material bin, wherein the sand content is within 20%, tedding and airing the planting soil, the water content is within 15%, crushing the planting soil by using a forced soil sieving machine for later use, the size of a screen is not more than 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the raw material soil stored on site and the sieved coating are required to be covered in time, and a storage greenhouse is arranged under the condition of conditions to avoid open-air storage; the organic material is prepared by mixing one or more of rice hull, sawdust, straw and coconut husk; the fiber is prepared by mixing one or more of straw fiber, straw fiber and basalt fiber, and has a length of 2-3 cm; the plant seeds should be full and have no damage, and the seeds are selectively soaked and disinfected for 2 to 3 hours by using 0.3 to 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the whole system of the invention is controlled by the computer control unit, thereby greatly reducing the complex mechanical procedures of using an air compressor, a mixer, a mortar machine, a spray-seeding machine and the like, and further replacing manpower in a large scale. The safety factor of the construction site is improved, and the construction site can continuously operate all weather, so that the labor cost, the production cost and the time cost are greatly reduced.
2. The usage amount of the raw materials can be accurately calculated by adopting three-dimensional modeling software or a digital scanning technology and combining a data processing technology. And after printing is finished, unused base material raw materials are naturally stored, so that construction of other slope greening can be carried out, and production of engineering waste is greatly reduced.
3. When each unit layer is printed, the printing distance is precisely calculated according to the spray seeding strength, so that the condition of uneven spray seeding is prevented. Meanwhile, all the printing unit layers are closely connected, so that a protective layer with certain strength can be formed on the habitat base material in a short time. After a period of watering and maintenance, the vegetation covers the slope, and has obvious advantages in function and performance.
4. The scaling ladder can supply the feed bin and print shower nozzle to required printing department from taking the steel wire haulage rope among the 3D printing system, the length of feed pipe has been reduced, reduce the probability that feed pipe blockked up, and adjust the ejection of compact speed of feed bin to the raw materials that print shower nozzle assorted speed is different in order to adapt to the granularity with 3D, can not appear because the too big jam feed pipe that arouses of granularity, or be difficult to fashioned problem during the printing that arouses because the granularity undersize, improve the efficiency of printing the shower nozzle feed for 3D.
5. The traditional side slope is difficult to construct landscape modeling and high in manufacturing cost, the base material and seed proportion definition is carried out by adopting a color distribution function, the complex and accurate positioning and calculating functions of traditional artificial side slope landscape wiring are replaced, landscape engineering design, landscape material consumption and the like can be obviously simplified, and the side slope simultaneously has ecological protection and landscape artistic functions.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is an ecological slope protection 3D printing mechanism setting diagram.
Fig. 2 is a hopper car and 3D printing system.
In the figure: 1. a 3D printing system; 2. a bunker car; 3. a computer control unit; 4. a 3D scanning head; 5. 3D printing a dry nozzle; 6. 3D printing a wet nozzle; 7. a feeding bin; 8. an aerial ladder; 9. a spray seeder; 10. a planting soil bin; 11. a seed bin; 12. a material bin; 13. a water collecting bin; 14. a mixing bin.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-2, a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing, wherein a digital slope greening structure and a landscape conception are designed by means of a 3D scanning technology, during slope spraying construction, the impact force of compressed gas of a storage bin truck 2 is directly transmitted to a 3D printing dry nozzle 5 or a 3D printing wet nozzle 6 of a 3D printing system 1, and the slope spraying construction is carried out through a path set by a computer control unit 3, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a slope model; slope surface is scanned through the 3D scanning camera 4, a three-dimensional CAD entity model with environment information, a slope structure, rock and soil properties and landscape design information is constructed by combining a data processing technology, and slope surface items pre-printed by various base materials are formulated based on slope surface information.
Step two: carrying out layered treatment on the side slope slices; dividing a substrate layer to be printed into a plurality of printing units with parallel slope slopes, and digitally and precisely calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit; converting the base material structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the molding base material structure information in each unit slice corresponds to the corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head; and the accurate layering and stacking of each unit slice are realized through numerical control movement and base material spraying of a spray head.
Step three: proportioning and running the base materials; the three-dimensional printing system comprises a storage hopper vehicle 2, a 3D printing system 1 and a computer control unit 3; the bunker car 2 comprises a mixing bunker 14, a material bunker 12, a pumping machine and a water collecting bunker 13, wherein the material bunker 12 comprises a soil planting bunker 10 and a seed bunker 11; under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the corresponding base material and plant seeds in the planting soil bin 10 and the seed bin 11 of the material bin 12 are sequentially put into the mixing bin 14 through a funnel mouth for stirring, and the stirred base material is sent to the 3D printing system 1 through the spray-seeding machine 9; 3D printing system 1 includes aerial ladder 8, pipeline, 3D and prints dry shower nozzle 5 and 3D and print wet shower nozzle 6, through numerical control motion by the spray-seeding machine 9 with the substrate raw materials that stir pass through pipeline from 3D to print dry shower nozzle 5 or 3D prints wet shower nozzle 6 blowout.
Step four: three-dimensional printing of a base material; the mode can be adjusted through the computer control unit 3, the scanning mode of the scanning camera, the dry spraying mode and the wet spraying mode are realized, and the computer control unit 3 sends a control instruction to the 3D printing system 1 to respectively carry out slope scanning imaging and carry out base layer division and surface layer spraying of various forming base materials.
Step five: processing after printing; carrying out watering maintenance on the printed slope greening in the seedling stage, covering the printed slope greening with non-woven fabrics, and removing the non-woven fabrics after plants grow out, thereby obtaining the slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions; the seedling stage is maintained by sprinkling water for 0-60 days after construction.
By adopting the construction method, the computer control unit controls the construction method, so that the production of engineering waste is greatly reduced, the time cost is also greatly reduced, the large-scale manual work can be replaced, and the safety factor of a construction site is improved; and can be continuously built for 24 hours all day long, thereby reducing the engineering cost. The 3D printing ecological slope protection can also carry out customized landscape design on the side slope.
Further, the data processing technology specifically comprises: obtaining the size parameters of a side slope structure, rock and soil properties and the surrounding environment; and (3) quantizing the size range of the local damaged structure of the side slope by combining a DEM (digital elevation model) data extraction technology, setting parameters, refining and integrating the parameter levels, processing to obtain a detailed initial model structure of the side slope, and constructing information with the side slope structure and landscape design by utilizing a three-dimensional CAD (computer-aided design) entity model based on the data.
Further, the color distribution function is specifically an HLS function.
Further, the slope information scanning is acquired by a 3D scanning camera 4, and the base layer and the surface layer of the base material are colored in a partition mode in a CAD solid model file; according to the landscape setting of the surface layer of the base material, the base material and the seed ratio are defined by adopting a color distribution function, and the distribution function can reflect the continuous change setting of the side slope landscape in the height and horizontal direction; and finishing seed proportioning treatment and base material determination by a color penetration technology based on a mapping. Through foretell 3D scanning camera 4 can be used for carrying out three-dimensional modeling to domatic, and then form domatic CAD entity model file, and then obtain corresponding domatic basic data through CAD entity model to follow-up carry out substrate surface course view to domatic and set for, and then carry out substrate and seed ratio definition.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the multi-base material printing nozzle comprises a plurality of printing nozzles capable of spraying different base materials, and each printing nozzle adopts the same feeding mode to intensively output the base materials and realize independent base material spraying control; when printing is started, the computer control unit 3 controls the printing nozzles to perform set printing movement according to the structural information of each layer, selectively controls one or more printing nozzles according to the base material layout information, and regulates the water collecting bin materials to be sprayed at the outlets of the printing nozzles by using a dry spraying or wet spraying process; before the surface layer of the base material is printed, plant seeds are mixed into the base material of the mixing bin and are uniformly sprayed to the printing unit set by the computer control unit, so that the landscape effect is achieved; the spraying of different types of materials can be realized through different types of spray heads.
Further, the spray head is vertical to the slope surface during spray planting, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface is not more than 2 m; wetting the slope surface before spray planting; the optimum treatment effect is ensured by the above treatment.
Furthermore, the spraying time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer is not more than 2.5 hours in summer and not more than 4 hours in winter; the distance between the 3D printing nozzle and the slope surface is preferably 0.8-1.2 m; the spray seeding is uniform, the spray missing is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and the dead angle need to be fully noticed; it is not suitable for spray-seeding construction in rainy days or strong winds.
Further, in the second step, the thickness of the printed slope greening base layer is 60-80mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 20-40 mm; the thickness of the parallel printing slicing unit is 10-20 mm.
Furthermore, in the third step, a plurality of cells capable of being separated are arranged in the material bin and are respectively used for storing the base material raw materials and the plant seeds, wherein the base material raw materials comprise planting soil, organic materials, fibers, cement and modifying agents; the plant seeds comprise fast-growing herbs, wild flower seeds and shrub seeds; when mixing dry spraying feeding materials, firstly feeding planting soil, then feeding organic materials and modifying agents, and then feeding mixed species; stirring for 3-5 min; when the wet spraying feeding is stirred, according to the sequence of dry spraying feeding, feeding and stirring the materials from the water collecting bin while supplying water, and continuously stirring for 10-15 min after all the materials are fed; the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, and the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden to be used.
Furthermore, sandy loam and planting soil are selected as planting soil in the material bin, the sand content is within 20%, the soil is turned over, aired and dried, the water content is within 15%, a forced soil screening machine is used for crushing for later use, the size of a screen is not more than 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the raw material soil stored on site and the screened coating are covered in time, and a material storage greenhouse is arranged under the condition to avoid open-air storage; the organic material is prepared by mixing one or more of rice hull, sawdust, straw and coconut husk; the fiber is prepared by mixing one or more of straw fiber, straw fiber and basalt fiber, and has a length of 2-3 cm; the plant seeds should be full and have no damage, and the seeds are selectively soaked and disinfected for 2 to 3 hours by using 0.3 to 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution.
Example 2:
the construction method based on 3D printing for the high and steep slope greening engineering comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a slope model: constructing a three-dimensional CAD solid model with a high and steep slope structure, rock and soil properties and landscape design information by adopting three-dimensional modeling software and combining a data processing technology based on a slope project preprinted by various base materials;
step two, carrying out layered treatment on the side slope slices: dividing a slope substrate layer to be printed into 5 printing units with parallel slope slopes, wherein the thickness of each printing unit is 20mm, the thickness of a surface layer is 20mm, and the substrate and seed ratio is defined by adopting a color distribution function; digitally and precisely calculating a base material set required by each printing unit; converting the base material structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the molding base material information in each unit slice corresponds to the corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head;
step three, base material proportioning operation: a printing device is erected in front of a target construction position of a slope to be printed and comprises a material bin vehicle, a 3D printing system and a computer control unit. Under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the material bin above the mixing bin contains base material and plant seeds, raw materials (the base material proportion is shown in table 1, and the plant seed proportion is shown in table 2) in the bin are sequentially put in through a funnel opening, and the stirred base material is sent to a 3D printing system through a pump; the 3D printing system comprises an aerial ladder, a feeding bin and a printing nozzle, wherein the aerial ladder is provided with a steel wire traction rope, the feeding bin is driven by a hydraulic motor through numerical control movement, and the feeding bin is connected with the printing nozzle;
TABLE 1 high and steep slope greening engineering vegetation concrete base material proportioning table
Figure BDA0003632744310000081
TABLE 2 surface layer mix plant seed ratio (unit: g/m) 2 )
Fast-growing herbal medicine Wild flower combination Bush combination
6-10 4-6 10-20
Step four, three-dimensional printing of the base material: the computer control unit controls the starting of the aerial ladder, the feeding bin is driven by a hydraulic motor through numerical control movement, and the wet-spraying 3D printing nozzle is connected and sprayed by the parallel printing units for 4 times to form a vegetation concrete base layer (containing no mixed vegetation green seeds) with the thickness of nearly 8 cm; then according to landscape setting, connecting a dry-jet 3D printing nozzle to jet a vegetation concrete surface layer (containing mixed plant green seeds) with the thickness of about 2cm by color modules one by one;
step five, post-printing treatment: and carrying out seedling watering maintenance on the printed slope greening, covering the printed slope greening with non-woven fabrics, and removing the non-woven fabrics after plants grow out, thereby obtaining the slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions.
In the third step, when the materials are mixed and fed, the planting soil is firstly fed, then the organic materials, the cement and the concrete modifier are fed, and then the mixed species are fed; stirring for 5 min; the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, and the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden to be used. The spraying time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer is not more than 2.5h in summer and not more than 4h in winter; the distance between the nozzle of the spray gun and the slope surface is preferably 0.8-1.2 m; the spray seeding is uniform, the spray missing is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and the dead angle need to be fully noticed; it is not suitable for spray-seeding construction in rainy days or strong winds.
In the fourth step, the nozzle head is perpendicular to the slope surface and the distance between the nozzle head and the slope surface is not more than 2m during the whole spray planting; wetting the slope surface before spraying.
In the fifth step, the seedling-stage curing is performed 0 to 60 days after the completion of the construction.
Example 3:
the construction method of the gentle slope greening engineering based on 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a slope model: constructing a three-dimensional CAD entity model with a slow slope structure, rock-soil properties and landscape design information by adopting a digital scanning and data processing technology based on a slope project preprinted by various base materials;
step two, carrying out layered treatment on the side slope slices: and (4) converting the three-dimensional CAD design model into an STL format and coloring. Dividing a slope substrate layer to be printed into 6 printing units with parallel slope slopes (each printing unit is 10-20mm thick), wherein the surface layer (20 mm thick) adopts a color distribution function to define the ratio of the substrate to the seeds; digitally and precisely calculating a base material set required by each printing unit; converting the base material structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the molding base material information in each unit slice corresponds to the corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head;
step three, base material proportioning operation: a printing device is erected in front of a target construction position of a slope to be printed and comprises a material bin vehicle, a 3D printing system and a computer control unit. Under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the water discharged from the water collecting bin is thrown into a mixing bin, then raw materials in a material bin above the mixing bin are sequentially thrown again from a funnel opening by soil, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, ecological substrate organic material, straw fiber, cement and ecological modifier, and the stirred substrate raw materials are conveyed to a 3D printing system by a pump; the 3D printing system comprises an aerial ladder, a feeding bin and a printing nozzle, wherein the aerial ladder is provided with a steel wire traction rope, the feeding bin is driven by a hydraulic motor through numerical control movement, and the feeding bin is connected with the printing nozzle;
TABLE 3 Slow slope greening engineering plant growing cement soil proportioning table
Figure BDA0003632744310000091
Surface layer mixed plant seed ratio (unit: g/m) 2 )
Fast-growing herbal medicine Wild flower combination Bush combination
6-8 6-10 15-20
Step four, three-dimensional printing of the base material: the computer control unit controls the starting of the aerial ladder, the feeding bin is driven by a hydraulic motor through numerical control movement, and the wet-spraying 3D printing nozzle is connected and sprayed by the parallel printing unit for 4 times to form a vegetation cement soil base layer (not containing mixed vegetation green seeds) with the thickness of nearly 8 cm; similarly, setting according to the landscape, spraying a vegetation soil surface layer (containing mixed vegetation green seeds) with the thickness of about 2cm by the wet spraying nozzle block by block through the color module;
in the third step, the mixing should be continued for 10-15 min after all the materials are put; the water consumption is required to ensure that the vegetation cement soil sprayed on the slope surface can not fall off and flow.
In the fourth step, the nozzle head is perpendicular to the slope surface and the distance between the nozzle head and the slope surface is not more than 2m during the whole spray planting; wetting the slope surface before spraying.
In the fifth step, the seedling-stage curing is performed 0 to 60 days after the completion of the construction.
The following table 5 gives some technical indexes of the bunker car:
TABLE 5 technical indexes of bunker car
Figure BDA0003632744310000101

Claims (10)

1. The side slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing is characterized in that a digital side slope greening structure and a landscape conception are designed by means of a 3D scanning technology, during side slope spraying construction, the impact force of compressed gas of a silo vehicle (2) is directly transmitted to a 3D printing dry spray head (5) or a 3D printing wet spray head (6) of a 3D printing system (1), and the side slope greening engineering construction method specifically comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a slope model;
step two: carrying out layered treatment on the side slope slices;
step three: proportioning and running the base materials;
step four: three-dimensional printing of a base material;
step five: and (5) processing after printing.
2. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation of the first step is as follows: slope surface is scanned through the 3D scanning camera (4), a three-dimensional CAD entity model with environment information, a slope structure, rock and soil properties and landscape design information is constructed by combining a data processing technology, and slope surface projects pre-printed by various base materials are formulated based on the slope surface information.
3. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation of the second step is as follows: dividing a substrate layer to be printed into a plurality of printing units with parallel slope slopes, and digitally and precisely calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit; converting the base material structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the molding base material structure information in each unit slice corresponds to the corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head; and the accurate layering and stacking of each unit slice are realized through numerical control movement and base material spraying of a spray head.
4. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: the slope information scanning is obtained by a 3D scanning camera (4), and the base layer and the surface layer of the base material are colored in a partition mode in a CAD entity model file; according to the landscape setting of the surface layer of the base material, the base material and the seed ratio are defined by adopting a color distribution function, and the distribution function can reflect the continuous change setting of the side slope landscape in the height and horizontal direction; and finishing seed proportioning treatment and base material determination by a color penetration technology based on a mapping.
5. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third step comprises the following specific operations: comprises a bunker car (2), a 3D printing system (1) and a computer control unit (3); the feed bin vehicle (2) comprises a mixing bin (14), a material bin (12), a pumping machine and a water collecting bin (13), wherein the material bin (12) comprises a soil planting bin (10) and a seed bin (11); under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, corresponding substrate materials and plant seeds in a planting soil bin (10) and a seed bin (11) of a material bin (12) are sequentially put into a mixing bin (14) through a funnel mouth for stirring, and the stirred substrate materials are sent to a 3D printing system (1) through a spray-seeding machine (9); 3D prints system (1) including aerial ladder (8), pipeline, 3D and prints dry shower nozzle (5) and 3D and print wet shower nozzle (6), through numerical control motion with the base material raw materials that stir through pipeline from 3D print dry shower nozzle (5) or 3D print wet shower nozzle (6) blowout by spray-seeding machine (9).
6. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation of the step four is as follows: the mode can be adjusted through the computer control unit (3), the scanning mode of the scanning camera, the dry spraying mode and the wet spraying mode are achieved, the computer control unit (3) sends control instructions to the 3D printing system (1), and slope scanning imaging and various forming base material layer-dividing and surface layer spraying are respectively carried out.
7. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete operation of the step five is as follows: carrying out watering maintenance on the printed slope greening in the seedling stage, covering the printed slope greening with non-woven fabrics, and removing the non-woven fabrics after plants grow out, thereby obtaining the slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions;
the seedling stage is maintained by sprinkling water for 0-60 days after construction.
8. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the multi-base material printing nozzle comprises a plurality of printing nozzles capable of spraying different base materials, and each printing nozzle adopts the same feeding mode to intensively output the base materials and realize independent base material spraying control; when printing is started, the computer control unit (3) controls the printing nozzles to perform set printing movement according to the structural information of each layer, selectively controls one or more printing nozzles according to the base material layout information, and regulates the water collecting bin materials to be sprayed at the outlets of the printing nozzles by using a dry spraying or wet spraying process; before the surface layer of the base material is printed, plant seeds are mixed into the base material of the mixing bin and are uniformly sprayed to the printing unit set by the computer control unit, so that the landscape effect is achieved;
when in spray planting, the spray head is vertical to the slope surface, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface is not more than 2 m; wetting the slope surface before spray planting;
the spraying time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer is not more than 2.5h in summer and not more than 4h in winter; the distance between the 3D printing nozzle and the slope surface is preferably 0.8-1.2 m; the spray seeding is uniform, the spray missing is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and the dead angle need to be fully noticed; it is not suitable for spray-seeding construction in rainy days or strong winds.
9. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the thickness of the printed slope greening base layer is 60-80mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 20-40 mm; the thickness of the parallel printing slicing unit is 10-20 mm.
10. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, a plurality of separable cells are arranged in the material bin and are respectively used for storing base material raw materials and plant seeds, wherein the base material raw materials comprise planting soil, organic materials, fibers, cement and modifying agents; the plant seeds comprise fast-growing herbs, wild flower seeds and shrub seeds;
when mixing dry spraying feeding materials, firstly feeding planting soil, then feeding organic materials and modifying agents, and then feeding mixed species; stirring for 3-5 min;
when the wet spraying feeding is stirred, according to the sequence of dry spraying feeding, feeding and stirring the materials from the water collecting bin while supplying water, and continuously stirring for 10-15 min after all the materials are fed; the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, and the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden to be used;
selecting sandy loam and planting soil from the planting soil in the material bin, wherein the sand content is within 20%, tedding and airing the planting soil, the water content is within 15%, crushing the planting soil by using a forced soil sieving machine for later use, the size of a screen is not more than 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the raw material soil stored on site and the sieved coating are required to be covered in time, and a storage greenhouse is arranged under the condition of conditions to avoid open-air storage; the organic material is prepared by mixing one or more of rice hull, sawdust, straw and coconut husk; the fiber is prepared by mixing one or more of straw fiber, straw fiber and basalt fiber, and has a length of 2-3 cm; the plant seeds should be full and have no damage, and the seeds are selectively soaked and disinfected for 2 to 3 hours by using 0.3 to 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution.
CN202210493554.4A 2022-05-07 2022-05-07 Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing Active CN114840895B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210493554.4A CN114840895B (en) 2022-05-07 2022-05-07 Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210493554.4A CN114840895B (en) 2022-05-07 2022-05-07 Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114840895A true CN114840895A (en) 2022-08-02
CN114840895B CN114840895B (en) 2024-05-28

Family

ID=82568376

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210493554.4A Active CN114840895B (en) 2022-05-07 2022-05-07 Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114840895B (en)

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105625720A (en) * 2016-01-05 2016-06-01 江苏敦超电子科技有限公司 Multi-material building three-dimensional printing and molding method
CN109145368A (en) * 2018-07-10 2019-01-04 黄冈职业技术学院 Landscape design effect picture is converted into the control method of 3D printing gardens model
WO2019113254A1 (en) * 2017-12-06 2019-06-13 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Three-dimensional printing from images
CN110214634A (en) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-10 中建地下空间有限公司 A kind of construction method suitable for steep rock side slope TBS greening
US20190278877A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2019-09-12 Mario Romano Design and Development, LLC Method of manufacturing complex three-dimensional building surfaces
CN111096192A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-05 河南城市园丁园艺有限公司 Spray-seeding planting method for mountain restoration
WO2020132688A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-06-25 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Methods and systems for drawn fused filament fabrication printing
KR20200094600A (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-07 임기택 The manufacturing technology of modified glass fiber reinforced concrete(MGFRC) matrix which is possible to use 3D printing method and the bottom fountain made with the structure of MGFRC matrix by 3D printing method
CN112482401A (en) * 2020-09-10 2021-03-12 瑞腾基础工程技术（北京）股份有限公司 Production and installation method of spliced slope protection surface layer
CN113079737A (en) * 2021-03-01 2021-07-09 三峡大学 Method for promoting germination of cassia tora seeds in high and steep slope protection substrate
WO2021175263A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2021-09-10 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 Fully-ecological slope spray-seeding structure and construction method

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105625720A (en) * 2016-01-05 2016-06-01 江苏敦超电子科技有限公司 Multi-material building three-dimensional printing and molding method
US20190278877A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2019-09-12 Mario Romano Design and Development, LLC Method of manufacturing complex three-dimensional building surfaces
WO2019113254A1 (en) * 2017-12-06 2019-06-13 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Three-dimensional printing from images
CN109145368A (en) * 2018-07-10 2019-01-04 黄冈职业技术学院 Landscape design effect picture is converted into the control method of 3D printing gardens model
WO2020132688A1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-06-25 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Methods and systems for drawn fused filament fabrication printing
KR20200094600A (en) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-07 임기택 The manufacturing technology of modified glass fiber reinforced concrete(MGFRC) matrix which is possible to use 3D printing method and the bottom fountain made with the structure of MGFRC matrix by 3D printing method
CN110214634A (en) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-10 中建地下空间有限公司 A kind of construction method suitable for steep rock side slope TBS greening
CN111096192A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-05-05 河南城市园丁园艺有限公司 Spray-seeding planting method for mountain restoration
WO2021175263A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2021-09-10 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 Fully-ecological slope spray-seeding structure and construction method
CN112482401A (en) * 2020-09-10 2021-03-12 瑞腾基础工程技术（北京）股份有限公司 Production and installation method of spliced slope protection surface layer
CN113079737A (en) * 2021-03-01 2021-07-09 三峡大学 Method for promoting germination of cassia tora seeds in high and steep slope protection substrate

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
VEDANT SHARMA: "3D Printing of Plant-Derived Compounds and a Proposed Nozzle Design for the More Effective 3D FDM Printing", 《 IEEE ACCESS》, vol. 9, 6 April 2021 (2021-04-06), pages 57107, XP011850578, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3071459 *
小资小味: "城市园丁, 3D打印种植土-用科技手段助力森林城市生态升级", pages 1 - 3, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.sohu.com/a/304179684_117594> *
文韬;朱磊森;: "基于3D打印技术的海绵城市沙盘展示应用", 智能建筑与智慧城市, no. 10, 25 October 2020 (2020-10-25), pages 104 - 105 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114840895B (en) 2024-05-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107964963B (en) Repair technology and construction method for high-steep slope wound surface fiber skeleton aggregate structure
CN201571378U (en) Plant seedling machine
CN108633546A (en) Simple outdoor vegetable three-dimensional cultivation device
CN107964964A (en) Technology and its construction method is made in high gradient slope surface of a wound preventing rain wash fiber
CN106358694A (en) Method for quickly greening stony deserted mountain
CN101518186A (en) Method of recovering and reconstructing vegetation of mining land
CN109169014A (en) A kind of the Northeast&#39;s magnesite mining junkyard temporarily plants raw restorative procedure
CN113273399A (en) Desert rice field with unmanned aerial vehicle connected with air pipe and rice box
CN204662464U (en) Plant raw web frame for three layers
CN210840822U (en) Landscape plant plants equipment
CN108651179B (en) Method for repairing severe stony desertification by using liana
CN1103397C (en) Plant/concrete block and its making process
CN113170705B (en) Hydrothermal balance degraded alpine meadow repair material
CN114840895B (en) Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing
KR101190009B1 (en) Manufacturing method of vegetation mats
KR101205552B1 (en) Manufacturing method of vegetation mats
CN106576800A (en) Method for performing mine repairing and greening by applying straw grass blanket
CN109168741B (en) Retaining wall greening method
CN111236271A (en) Slope ecological restoration system and method
CN100563426C (en) Bioactive soilless vegetation blanket and production technology thereof
CN113412696B (en) Coal gangue slope shallow layer reinforcing and ecological restoration method
CN204104327U (en) Screening type clay fixes the sand kind of a careless machine
CN104285552B (en) Screening type clay fixes the sand kind of a careless machine
CN112262711A (en) Slope greening method
CN103814768B (en) Splicable wall greening method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant