CN114840895B - Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing - Google Patents

Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114840895B
CN114840895B CN202210493554.4A CN202210493554A CN114840895B CN 114840895 B CN114840895 B CN 114840895B CN 202210493554 A CN202210493554 A CN 202210493554A CN 114840895 B CN114840895 B CN 114840895B
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printing
slope
spraying
bin
substrate
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CN114840895A (en
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罗婷
程虎
许文年
夏栋
夏露
闫书星
刘芳
杨悦舒
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/08—Broadcast seeders; Seeders depositing seeds in rows
    • A01C7/085—Broadcast seeders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/10—Additive manufacturing, e.g. 3D printing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
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  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing, which adopts three-dimensional modeling software or a digital scanning technology to construct a three-dimensional CAD solid model with environmental information, slope structure, rock-soil property and landscape design information. And setting a plurality of printing units with parallel slope gradients through a color distribution function, and digitally and precisely calculating a base material set required by each printing unit. The construction of the fine side slope landscape is satisfied through a bin truck, a 3D printing system and a computer control unit. The whole system is controlled by the computer control unit, so that the generation of engineering waste is greatly reduced, the time cost is also greatly reduced, the labor can be replaced on a large scale, and the safety coefficient of a construction site is improved; and can be continuously built for 24 hours all the time, thereby reducing engineering cost.

Description

Slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of slope greening and ecological restoration construction, in particular to a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing.
Background
Because of the huge construction disturbance of engineering and mines, a series of ecological environment problems are caused on the slope, and the ecological economic environment for searching sustainable development is common, the environment can be beautified, the air can be purified, the water source can be saved, the water and soil loss and landslide can be prevented, and the like. The current slope greening construction steps comprise slope pretreatment, plant bar installation, net hanging anchoring, base material surface layer spraying, spray irrigation system installation, non-woven fabric covering and maintenance management, and the used machines comprise an air compressor, a mixer, a mortar machine, a spray planter and the like, and face the problems of large open-air high-rise operation, large worker mobility, large manual operation, various construction machines and the like. The series of dynamic changes lead to the construction facing greater danger, and have the realistic problems of uneven base material injection, more engineering waste generation and the like, and particularly have greater difficulty in the field of greening construction of high and steep slopes.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing, the slope greening three-dimensional printing uses 3D printing technology for manufacturing large objects and forming methods, and the method brings possibility for safe and efficient construction in the field of slope restoration, integrates multiple subjects of computer control units, automation, machinery, materials, civil engineering and the like, and aims and functions of the method are as follows: the digital slope greening structure and the landscape concept are designed by means of the 3D design technology, and the slope greening landscape which is reasonable in structure and aesthetic and artistic is quickly and automatically built by printing three-dimensional equipment.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing designs a digital slope greening structure and a landscape conception by means of a 3D scanning technology, and when the slope is sprayed, the impact force of compressed gas of a storage bin truck is directly transmitted to a 3D printing dry spray head or a 3D printing wet spray head of a 3D printing system, and the slope greening engineering construction method is sprayed through a path set by a computer control unit and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: establishing a slope model;
Step two: slicing and layering the side slope;
Step three: the base material is proportioned and operated;
step four: three-dimensional printing of a substrate;
Step five: post-printing processing.
The specific operation of the first step is as follows: and (3) scanning the slope surface through a 3D scanning camera, and constructing a three-dimensional CAD entity model with environmental information, slope structure, rock-soil property and landscape design information by combining a data processing technology, and formulating various slope projects with pre-printed base materials based on the slope surface information.
The specific operation of the second step is as follows: dividing a substrate layer to be printed into a plurality of printing units with parallel slope slopes, and digitally and precisely calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit; converting the substrate structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the formed substrate structure information in each unit slice corresponds to a corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head; and the precise stacking of each unit slice layer is realized by numerical control movement and spraying of the base material by the spray head.
Slope information scanning is obtained by a 3D scanning camera, and the basic layer and the surface layer of the substrate are colored in a CAD solid model file in a partitioning mode; according to the setting of the surface layer landscape of the base material, adopting a color distribution function to define the proportion of the base material and seeds, wherein the distribution function can reflect the continuously changing setting of the slope landscape in the height and horizontal directions; and (5) finishing seed proportioning treatment and substrate determination based on a mapping color infiltration technology.
The specific operation of the third step is as follows: comprises a bunker car, a 3D printing system and a computer control unit; the bin truck comprises a mixing bin, a material bin, a pumping machine and a water collecting bin, wherein the material bin comprises a planting soil bin and a seed bin; under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the planting soil bin of the material bin and the corresponding substrate materials and plant seeds in the seed bin are sequentially put into the mixing bin from the hopper opening to be stirred, and the stirred substrate materials are sent to the 3D printing system through the spray seeding machine; the 3D printing system comprises an aerial ladder, a conveying pipeline, a 3D printing dry spray nozzle and a 3D printing wet spray nozzle, and the stirred substrate raw materials are sprayed out from the 3D printing dry spray nozzle or the 3D printing wet spray nozzle through the conveying pipeline by a spray seeder through numerical control movement.
The specific operation of the fourth step is as follows: the mode can be adjusted through the computer control unit, so that the scanning camera scanning mode, the dry spraying mode and the wet spraying mode are realized, the computer control unit sends control instructions to the 3D printing system, and slope scanning imaging and base layer separation and surface layer spraying of various forming base materials are respectively carried out.
The specific operation of the fifth step is as follows: spraying water for maintenance at seedling stage on the printed side slope greening, covering non-woven fabrics, and tearing off the non-woven fabrics after plants grow out, so as to obtain the side slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions;
And the water spraying maintenance in the seedling stage is carried out on the 0 th to 60 th days after the construction is finished.
In the fourth step, the multi-substrate printing nozzle comprises a plurality of printing nozzles capable of spraying different substrates, and each printing nozzle adopts the same feeding mode to intensively output the substrates and realize independent substrate spraying control; when printing starts, the computer control unit controls the printing spray heads to perform set printing movement according to the structural information of each layer, selectively controls one or a plurality of printing spray heads according to the layout information of the base materials, and blends the water collecting bin materials to spray at the outlet of the printing spray heads by using a dry spraying or wet spraying process; before the surface layer of the base material is printed, the base material of the mixing bin is mixed with plant seeds and is uniformly sprayed to a printing unit set by a computer control unit so as to achieve a landscape effect;
the spray head is vertical to the slope surface during spray planting, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface is not more than 2m; wetting the slope surface before spraying;
The spraying time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer is not more than 2.5 hours in summer and not more than 4 hours in winter; the distance between the 3D printing nozzle and the slope is preferably 0.8-1.2m; the spraying should be uniform, the missing spraying is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and dead angle should be fully noted; in rainy days or in strong wind, the spraying construction should not be suitable.
In the second step, the thickness of the printed slope greening base layer is 60-80mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 20-40mm; the thickness of the parallel printing slicing unit is 10-20mm.
In the third step, a plurality of cells which can be separated are arranged in the material bin and are respectively used for storing base material raw materials and plant seeds, wherein the base material raw materials comprise planting soil, organic materials, fibers, cement and an improver; the plant seeds comprise fast-growing herbs, wild flower seeds and shrub seeds;
when dry spraying and feeding are mixed, firstly, planting soil is put in, then organic materials, modifier and mixed species are put in; stirring for 3-5min;
When mixing wet spraying and feeding, feeding water from a water collecting bin and stirring according to the sequence of feeding materials by dry spraying, and continuously mixing for 10-15 min after all materials are fed; the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, and the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden to be used;
the planting soil in the material bin is selected from sandy loam and planting soil, the sand content is within 20%, the soil is turned over and dried, the water content is within 15%, the soil is crushed by a forced soil screening machine for standby, the size of a screen is not more than 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the raw material soil stored on site and the screened paint are covered in time, and a storage greenhouse is arranged under the condition of being conditional, so that the open-air storage is avoided; the organic material is prepared by mixing one or more of rice husk, sawdust, straw and coconut coir; the fiber is prepared by mixing one or more of straw fiber, straw fiber and basalt fiber, and the length is 2cm-3cm; the plant seeds should be full and harmless, and optionally soaked and sterilized with 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 hr.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The whole system is controlled by the computer control unit, so that complicated mechanical procedures such as an air compressor, a mixer, a mortar machine, a spray seeder and the like are greatly reduced, and the large-scale replacement of manpower can be realized. The safety coefficient of the construction site is improved, the construction site can continuously run around the clock, and the labor cost, the production cost and the time cost are greatly reduced.
2. The raw material usage amount can be accurately calculated by adopting three-dimensional modeling software or a digital scanning technology and combining a data processing technology. And after printing is finished, unused substrate raw materials are naturally stored, and can be put into the construction of other slope greening, so that the generation of engineering waste is greatly reduced.
3. When each unit layer is printed, the printing distance is precisely calculated according to the spray intensity, so that the generation of uneven spray condition is prevented. Meanwhile, the printing unit layers are tightly connected, so that the habitat base material can form a protective layer with certain strength in a short time. After a period of water spraying and maintenance, vegetation can cover the slope, and the method has obvious advantages in functions and performances.
4. Scaling ladder from belted steel silk haulage rope can supply feed bin and print the shower nozzle to required printing department in the 3D printing system, reduced the length of feed pipeline, reduced the probability that the feed pipeline was blockked up, with the ejection of compact speed adjustment of feed bin to with 3D print shower nozzle assorted speed in order to adapt to the different raw materials of granularity, the jam feed pipeline that causes because the granularity is too big can not appear, or because the too little fashioned problem of printing that causes because of the granularity, improve the efficiency of printing the shower nozzle feed for 3D.
5. The traditional side slope is difficult to construct landscape modeling and high in manufacturing cost, the color distribution function is adopted to define the proportion of the base material and the seeds, the complicated traditional artificial side slope landscape wiring is replaced, the accurate positioning and calculating functions are realized, the landscape engineering design, the landscape material consumption and the like can be remarkably simplified, and the ecological protection and the landscape artistic functions are simultaneously considered for the side slope.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is an ecological slope protection 3D printing mechanism setting diagram.
Fig. 2 is a silo car and 3D printing system.
In the figure: 1. a 3D printing system; 2. a bin truck; 3. a computer control unit; 4. a 3D scanning head; 5. 3D prints the dry shower nozzle; 6. 3D prints the wet shower nozzle; 7. feeding a storage bin; 8. scaling ladder; 9. a spray seeder; 10. a planting soil bin; 11. a seed bin; 12. a material bin; 13. a water collecting bin; 14. and a mixing bin.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
Referring to fig. 1-2, a slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing designs a digital slope greening structure and a landscape concept by means of a 3D scanning technology, and when the slope spraying construction is performed, compressed gas impact force of a bin truck 2 is directly transmitted to a 3D printing dry spray head 5 or a 3D printing wet spray head 6 of a 3D printing system 1, and the slope greening engineering construction method is performed through path spraying set by a computer control unit 3, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: establishing a slope model; and 3D scanning cameras 4 are used for scanning the slope, and a three-dimensional CAD entity model with environmental information, slope structure, rock-soil property and landscape design information is constructed by combining a data processing technology, so that slope projects with various base materials pre-printed are formulated based on the slope information.
Step two: slicing and layering the side slope; dividing a substrate layer to be printed into a plurality of printing units with parallel slope slopes, and digitally and precisely calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit; converting the substrate structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the formed substrate structure information in each unit slice corresponds to a corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head; and the precise stacking of each unit slice layer is realized by numerical control movement and spraying of the base material by the spray head.
Step three: the base material is proportioned and operated; comprises a bin truck 2, a 3D printing system 1 and a computer control unit 3; the bin truck 2 comprises a mixing bin 14, a material bin 12, a pumping machine and a water collecting bin 13, wherein the material bin 12 comprises a planting soil bin 10 and a seed bin 11; under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the planting soil bin 10 of the material bin 12 and the corresponding substrate materials and plant seeds in the seed bin 11 are sequentially put into the mixing bin 14 through the hopper opening to be stirred, and the stirred substrate materials are sent to the 3D printing system 1 through the spray seeder 9; the 3D printing system 1 comprises an aerial ladder 8, a conveying pipeline, a 3D printing dry spray head 5 and a 3D printing wet spray head 6, and the stirred substrate raw materials are sprayed out from the 3D printing dry spray head 5 or the 3D printing wet spray head 6 through the conveying pipeline by a spray planter 9 through numerical control movement.
Step four: three-dimensional printing of a substrate; the mode can be adjusted through the computer control unit 3, so that the scanning camera scanning mode, the dry spraying mode and the wet spraying mode are realized, the computer control unit 3 sends control instructions to the 3D printing system 1, and slope scanning imaging and multi-forming substrate base layer separation and surface layer spraying are respectively carried out.
Step five: post-printing treatment; spraying water for maintenance at seedling stage on the printed side slope greening, covering non-woven fabrics, and tearing off the non-woven fabrics after plants grow out, so as to obtain the side slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions; and the water spraying maintenance in the seedling stage is carried out on the 0 th to 60 th days after the construction is finished.
By adopting the construction method, the production of engineering waste is greatly reduced, the time cost is also greatly reduced by being controlled by a computer control unit, the construction method can replace manual work on a large scale, and the safety coefficient of a construction site is improved; and can be continuously built for 24 hours all the time, thereby reducing engineering cost. The ecological slope protection can also be customized landscape design to side slope in 3D printing.
Further, the data processing technology specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining the dimensional parameters of the slope structure, the rock-soil property and the surrounding environment; and combining a DEM data extraction technology, carrying out quantitative processing on the size range of the local damaged structure of the slope, setting parameters, carrying out fine integration on the parameter grades, processing to obtain a detailed initial model structure of the slope, and constructing the slope structure and landscape design information by utilizing a three-dimensional CAD entity model based on the data.
Further, the color distribution function is specifically an HLS function.
Further, the slope information scanning is obtained by a 3D scanning camera 4, and the basic layer and the surface layer of the base material are colored in a CAD solid model file in a partitioning way; according to the setting of the surface layer landscape of the base material, adopting a color distribution function to define the proportion of the base material and seeds, wherein the distribution function can reflect the continuously changing setting of the slope landscape in the height and horizontal directions; and (5) finishing seed proportioning treatment and substrate determination based on a mapping color infiltration technology. The 3D scanning camera 4 can be used for carrying out three-dimensional modeling on the slope, so that a CAD (computer aided design) solid model file of the slope is formed, and corresponding slope basic data are obtained through the CAD solid model, so that the slope is subjected to substrate surface layer landscape setting subsequently, and substrate and seed proportion definition is carried out.
In the fourth step, the multi-substrate printing nozzle comprises a plurality of printing nozzles capable of spraying different substrates, and each printing nozzle adopts the same feeding mode to intensively output the substrates and realize independent substrate spraying control; when printing starts, the computer control unit 3 controls the printing spray heads to perform set printing movement according to the structural information of each layer, selectively controls one or a plurality of printing spray heads according to the layout information of the base materials, and blends the sump materials to spray at the outlets of the printing spray heads by using a dry spraying or wet spraying process; before the surface layer of the base material is printed, the base material of the mixing bin is mixed with plant seeds and is uniformly sprayed to a printing unit set by a computer control unit so as to achieve a landscape effect; the spray of different types of materials can be realized through different types of spray heads.
Further, the spray head is vertical to the slope surface during spray planting, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface is not more than 2m; wetting the slope surface before spraying; the optimal treatment effect is ensured through the treatment.
Furthermore, the spray seeding time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer should not be more than 2.5 hours in summer and not more than 4 hours in winter; the distance between the 3D printing nozzle and the slope is preferably 0.8-1.2m; the spraying should be uniform, the missing spraying is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and dead angle should be fully noted; in rainy days or in strong wind, the spraying construction should not be suitable.
Further, in the second step, the thickness of the printed slope greening base layer is 60-80mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 20-40mm; the thickness of the parallel printing slicing unit is 10-20mm.
In the third step, a plurality of cells which can be separated are arranged in the material bin and are respectively used for storing base material and plant seeds, wherein the base material comprises planting soil, organic materials, fibers, cement and an improver; the plant seeds comprise fast-growing herbs, wild flower seeds and shrub seeds; when dry spraying and feeding are mixed, firstly, planting soil is put in, then organic materials, modifier and mixed species are put in; stirring for 3-5min; when mixing wet spraying and feeding, feeding water from a water collecting bin and stirring according to the sequence of feeding materials by dry spraying, and continuously mixing for 10-15 min after all materials are fed; the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, and the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden to be used.
Further, the planting soil in the material bin is selected from sandy loam and planting soil, the sand content is within 20%, the soil is turned over and dried, the water content is within 15%, the soil is crushed by a forced soil screening machine for standby, the screen size is not more than 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the raw material soil stored on site and the screened paint are covered in time, and a storage greenhouse is arranged under the condition of being conditional, so that the open-air storage is avoided; the organic material is prepared by mixing one or more of rice husk, sawdust, straw and coconut coir; the fiber is prepared by mixing one or more of straw fiber, straw fiber and basalt fiber, and the length is 2cm-3cm; the plant seeds should be full and harmless, and optionally soaked and sterilized with 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 hr.
Example 2:
the construction method for the high and steep slope greening engineering based on 3D printing comprises the following steps:
Step one, establishing a slope model: based on the slope projects pre-printed by various base materials, three-dimensional modeling software is adopted, and a data processing technology is combined to construct a three-dimensional CAD entity model with high-steep slope structure, rock-soil property and landscape design information;
Step two, slope slicing layering treatment: dividing a slope substrate layer to be printed into 5 printing units with parallel slope slopes, wherein the thickness of each printing unit is 20mm, the thickness of the surface layer is 20mm, and the substrate and seed ratio is defined by adopting a color distribution function; accurately calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit in a digital manner; converting the substrate structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the molding substrate information in each unit slice corresponds to the corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head;
Step three, the substrate proportioning operation: and a printing device is erected in front of the target construction position of the slope to be printed, and comprises a bin truck, a 3D printing system and a computer control unit. Under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the material bin above the mixing bin comprises substrate materials and plant seeds, raw materials in the bin (substrate proportions are shown in table 1 and plant seed proportions are shown in table 2) are sequentially thrown in through a hopper opening, and the stirred substrate materials are sent to a 3D printing system through a pump; the 3D printing system comprises an aerial ladder, a feeding bin and a printing nozzle, wherein the aerial ladder is driven by a hydraulic motor to feed the bin through numerical control movement from a strip steel wire traction rope, and the feeding bin is connected with the printing nozzle;
table 1 high and steep side slope greening engineering vegetation concrete base material proportioning table
Table 2 surface layer Mixed plant seed ratio (unit: g/m 2)
Fast-growing herb Wild flower combination Bush combination
6-10 4-6 10-20
Step four, three-dimensional printing of a substrate: the computer control unit controls the starting aerial ladder, the hydraulic motor drives the feed bin through numerical control movement, the wet spraying 3D printing nozzle is connected, and the vegetation concrete base layer (without mixed green planting seeds) with the thickness of approximately 8cm is formed through spraying of the 4 times of parallel printing units; then according to landscape setting, connecting a dry spraying 3D printing spray head, and spraying vegetation concrete surface layers (containing mixed green planting seeds) with the thickness of about 2cm block by a color module;
Step five, post-printing treatment: and (3) performing seedling stage watering maintenance on the printed side slope greening, covering the non-woven fabric, and tearing off the non-woven fabric after plants grow out, so as to obtain the side slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions.
In the third step, firstly, planting soil, then organic materials, cement and concrete modifier and then mixed species are put in when mixing and feeding materials; the stirring time should be 5min; the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, and the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden to be used. The spraying time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer is not more than 2.5 hours in summer and not more than 4 hours in winter; the distance between the nozzle and the slope is preferably 0.8-1.2m; the spraying should be uniform, the missing spraying is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and dead angle should be fully noted; in rainy days or in strong wind, the spraying construction should not be suitable.
In the fourth step, the nozzle head is vertical to the slope surface and the distance between the nozzle head and the slope surface is not more than 2m during the integral spraying; wetting the slope surface before spraying.
In the fifth embodiment, the seedling maintenance is 0 to 60 days after the construction.
Example 3:
the construction method for the slow slope greening engineering based on 3D printing comprises the following steps:
Step one, establishing a slope model: based on a plurality of side slope projects pre-printed by base materials, a three-dimensional CAD entity model with a slow side slope structure, rock-soil properties and landscape design information is constructed by adopting a digital scanning combined data processing technology;
Step two, slope slicing layering treatment: and converting the three-dimensional CAD design model into an STL format and coloring. Dividing a side slope substrate layer to be printed into 6 printing units with parallel slope slopes (each layer of printing units is 10-20mm thick), wherein the substrate and seed ratio definition is carried out on the surface layer (20 mm thick) by adopting a color distribution function; accurately calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit in a digital manner; converting the substrate structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the molding substrate information in each unit slice corresponds to the corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head;
Step three, the substrate proportioning operation: and a printing device is erected in front of the target construction position of the slope to be printed, and comprises a bin truck, a 3D printing system and a computer control unit. Under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, water from the water collecting bin is thrown into the mixing bin, then raw materials in the bin above the mixing bin are sequentially thrown from the hopper opening again in sequence by soil, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, habitat substrate organic material, straw fiber, cement and ecological modifier, and the stirred substrate raw materials are sent to a 3D printing system through a pump; the 3D printing system comprises an aerial ladder, a feeding bin and a printing nozzle, wherein the aerial ladder is driven by a hydraulic motor to feed the bin through numerical control movement from a strip steel wire traction rope, and the feeding bin is connected with the printing nozzle;
Table 3 water soil proportioning table for slow slope greening engineering plant
Table 4 surface layer Mixed plant seed ratio (unit: g/m 2)
Fast-growing herb Wild flower combination Bush combination
6-8 6-10 15-20
Step four, three-dimensional printing of a substrate: the computer control unit controls the starting aerial ladder, the hydraulic motor drives the feed bin through numerical control movement, the wet spraying 3D printing nozzle is connected with the hydraulic motor to spray through the 4 times of parallel printing units to form a planted soil base layer (without mixed planted green seeds) with the thickness of approximately 8 cm; similarly, according to landscape setting, the wet spraying nozzle sprays the planted soil surface layer (containing mixed planted green seeds) with the thickness of about 2cm block by the color module;
in the embodiment, in the third step, all materials are put in completely and are continuously stirred for 10-15 min; the water consumption should ensure that the planted water soil is sprayed on the slope surface to scatter and not flow.
In the fourth step, the nozzle head is vertical to the slope surface and the distance between the nozzle head and the slope surface is not more than 2m during the integral spraying; wetting the slope surface before spraying.
In the fifth embodiment, the seedling maintenance is 0 to 60 days after the construction.
The following table 5 gives some technical indexes of the bunker car:
table 5 technical index of bunker car

Claims (6)

1. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing is characterized in that a digital slope greening structure and a landscape conception are designed by means of a 3D scanning technology, when the slope is sprayed, the impact force of compressed gas of a storage bin truck (2) is directly transmitted to a 3D printing dry spray head (5) or a 3D printing wet spray head (6) of a 3D printing system (1), and the slope greening engineering construction method is sprayed and constructed through a path set by a computer control unit (3), and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: establishing a slope model;
Step two: slicing and layering the side slope;
Step three: the base material is proportioned and operated;
step four: three-dimensional printing of a substrate;
step five: post-printing treatment;
The specific operation of the first step is as follows: scanning the slope surface through a 3D scanning camera (4), and constructing a three-dimensional CAD entity model with environmental information, slope structure, rock-soil property and landscape design information by combining a data processing technology, and formulating various slope projects with pre-printed base materials based on the slope surface information;
The specific operation of the second step is as follows: dividing a substrate layer to be printed into a plurality of printing units with parallel slope slopes, and digitally and precisely calculating a substrate material set required by each printing unit; converting the substrate structure information of each unit slice into a corresponding numerical control processing path, so that the formed substrate structure information in each unit slice corresponds to a corresponding spray head to control the on and off of the spray head; the precise stacking of each unit slice layer is realized by numerical control movement and spraying of the base material by the spray head;
The specific operation of the third step is as follows: comprises a bunker car (2), a 3D printing system (1) and a computer control unit (3); the feed bin car (2) comprises a mixing bin (14), a material bin (12), a pumping machine and a water collecting bin (13), wherein the material bin (12) comprises a planting soil bin (10) and a seed bin (11); under the instruction sent by the computer control unit, the corresponding substrate materials and plant seeds in the planting soil bin (10) and the seed bin (11) of the material bin (12) are sequentially put into the mixing bin (14) through the hopper opening to be stirred, and the stirred substrate materials are sent to the 3D printing system (1) through the spraying and seeding machine (9); the 3D printing system (1) comprises an aerial ladder (8), a conveying pipeline, a 3D printing dry spray head (5) and a 3D printing wet spray head (6), wherein the stirred substrate raw materials are sprayed out from the 3D printing dry spray head (5) or the 3D printing wet spray head (6) through the conveying pipeline by a spray planter (9) through numerical control movement;
in the third step, a plurality of cells which can be separated are arranged in the material bin and are respectively used for storing base material raw materials and plant seeds, wherein the base material raw materials comprise planting soil, organic materials, fibers, cement and an improver; the plant seeds comprise fast-growing herbs, wild flower seeds and shrub seeds;
When dry spraying and feeding are mixed, firstly, planting soil is put in, then organic materials, modifier and mixed species are put in; stirring for 3-5min;
When mixing wet spraying feeding materials, feeding water from a water collecting bin and stirring at the same time according to the sequence of feeding materials by dry spraying, and continuously mixing for 10-15 min after all materials are fed; after the uniformly stirred habitat base material is used within 6 hours, the use of the mixture exceeding the time limit is forbidden;
The planting soil in the material bin is selected from sandy loam and planting soil, the sand content is within 20%, the soil is turned over and dried, the water content is within 15%, the soil is crushed by a forced soil screening machine for standby, the size of a screen is not more than 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the raw material soil stored on site and the screened paint are covered in time, and a storage greenhouse is arranged under the condition of being conditional, so that the open-air storage is avoided; the organic material is prepared by mixing one or more of rice husk, sawdust, straw and coconut coir; the fiber is prepared by mixing one or more of straw fiber, straw fiber and basalt fiber, and the length is 2cm-3cm; the plant seeds should be full and harmless, and optionally soaked and sterilized with 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 hr.
2. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the construction method is characterized in that: slope information scanning is obtained by a 3D scanning camera (4), and the basic layer and the surface layer of the base material are colored in a partition mode in a CAD solid model file; according to the setting of the surface layer landscape of the base material, adopting a color distribution function to define the proportion of the base material and seeds, wherein the distribution function can reflect the continuously changing setting of the slope landscape in the height and horizontal directions; and (5) finishing seed proportioning treatment and substrate determination based on a mapping color infiltration technology.
3. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the construction method is characterized in that: the specific operation of the fourth step is as follows: the mode can be adjusted through the computer control unit (3), so that the scanning camera scanning mode, the dry spraying mode and the wet spraying mode are realized, the computer control unit (3) sends control instructions to the 3D printing system (1) to respectively perform slope scanning imaging and spray sowing of multiple forming base materials and surface layers.
4. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the construction method is characterized in that: the specific operation of the fifth step is as follows: spraying water for maintenance at seedling stage on the printed side slope greening, covering non-woven fabrics, and tearing off the non-woven fabrics after plants grow out, so as to obtain the side slope greening landscape with ecological protection and aesthetic artistic functions;
And the water spraying maintenance in the seedling stage is carried out on the 0 th to 60 th days after the construction is finished.
5. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the construction method is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the multi-substrate printing nozzle comprises a plurality of printing nozzles capable of spraying different substrates, and each printing nozzle adopts the same feeding mode to intensively output the substrates and realize independent substrate spraying control; when printing starts, the computer control unit (3) controls the printing spray heads to perform set printing movement according to the structural information of each layer, selectively controls one or a plurality of printing spray heads according to the layout information of the base materials, and blends the water collecting bin materials to spray at the outlet of the printing spray heads by using a dry spraying or wet spraying process; before the surface layer of the base material is printed, the base material of the mixing bin is mixed with plant seeds and is uniformly sprayed to a printing unit set by a computer control unit so as to achieve a landscape effect;
the spray head is vertical to the slope surface during spray planting, and the distance between the spray head and the slope surface is not more than 2m; wetting the slope surface before spraying;
The spraying time interval between the surface layer and the bottom layer is not more than 2.5 hours in summer and not more than 4 hours in winter; the distance between the 3D printing nozzle and the slope is 0.8-1.2m; the spraying should be uniform, the missing spraying is forbidden, and the concave-convex part and dead angle should be fully noted; and the construction is not sprayed in rainy days or in strong wind.
6. The slope greening engineering construction method based on 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the construction method is characterized in that: in the second step, the thickness of the printed slope greening base layer is 60-80mm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 20-40mm; the thickness of the parallel printing slicing unit is 10-20mm.
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