CN114830966A - Method for planting winter dictyophora under China fir forest - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest; according to the invention, the branches of the Chinese fir trees are adopted as auxiliary materials to be paved in the soil, so that the permeability of the soil is improved, and the influence on hypha upper materials caused by wood blackening due to high temperature and high humidity is avoided. In addition, the cost is saved by adopting the fir branches as the auxiliary materials, and the fir branches are more economical and practical than wood blocks as the auxiliary materials. The method realizes the maximum utilization of resources and the minimum of environmental pollution, promotes the sustainable development of agricultural ecology, and promotes a resource-saving society and an environment-friendly society.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest.
Background
The winter fungus is one of the most distinctive domestic fungi in Guizhou, Sichuan, Anhui, Yunnan and Guangdong, and is known as the subhyalopus, bamboo fungi and Undazu fungus, belongs to the phylum Eumycota, Basidiomycotina, Gasteromyycetes, Phallales, Phallaceae and Phallus, and is distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Anhui, Yunnan and Guangdong. The summer and autumn naturally occur in the humus layer of mixed wood forest lands mainly comprising lophatherum gracile, quercus acutissima, paper mulberry, Chinese ash and paulownia. There are also distributions in europe, africa, north america and south america. In the beginning of 90 s in 20 th century in China, the dictyophora phalloidea is widely acclimatized to be artificial cultivated species in Guizhou graduation, the cultivation scale is gradually enlarged for decades, and the main production area is always in Guizhou graduation, thus becoming a special graduation product.
The white fungus hyphae grow, are in goose feather shape, are stout, are large in bamboo egg body shape, are white, are slightly thin at two ends, are in sponge shape and are hollow; the color of the sporocarps is not changed when the sporocarps are exposed to sunlight and stimulated, the sporocarps have a special odor, and the sporocarps mostly grow in forests or on plots under bamboo forests in summer and autumn, grow singly to grow in groups and are mainly distributed in high-altitude areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Liaoning and Guangdong and the like. The winter fungus is a rare edible fungus, has delicious taste, crisp mouthfeel and extremely high nutritional value. According to related researches, the dictyophora indusiata fruiting body contains various components such as maltol, uronic acid glycan, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, phenyl crotonaldehyde, methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, dihydrochalcone, phenylacetic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. The stipe, the truffle and the fruiting body of the winter fungus are used as medicines, have sweet and light properties and warm property, have the effects of activating blood circulation to stop pain, dispelling wind and removing dampness, and can be used for treating rheumatalgia. The winter fungus can inhibit the growth of putrefying bacteria, and can be used as short-term antiseptic for food. At present, the market mainly depends on wild collection and processing, and the yield cannot meet the market demand. With the increase of market demand, artificial planting of the winter dictyophora becomes an important way for meeting the market demand.
The winter fungus is a low-temperature edible fungus, is easy to cause yield reduction or no harvest at all under high temperature and high humidity, and has low economic benefit. A large amount of wood blocks or bamboo chips are needed in the cultivation process of the winter dictyophora phalloidea, and the winter dictyophora phalloidea can be used only once, so that forest resources are seriously damaged and wasted. According to the traditional planting method, broad-leaved tree wood blocks are adopted for the bottom wood and the upper wood, when the bottom wood is in continuous rainy days, the wood blocks are excessively wet, so that the humidity of the wood blocks is excessively high, the wood blocks slowly turn black, and after the wood blocks turn black, the strain does not seriously influence the yield of the winter dictyophora on the upper wood.
Patent document CN201811580375.4 discloses a strain preparation method and application of three excellent strains of dictyophora indusiata, wherein the three excellent strains of the dictyophora indusiata are obtained by obtaining pure strains by a tissue separation method of the dictyophora indusiata, and performing strain purification, indoor evaluation, fruiting characteristic and the like. Wherein the cultivation material contains wood chips or wood blocks, arrow bamboo leaves or broad leaf leaves. However, the technical purpose is to select and prepare pure culture of the winter dictyophora, and the cultivation of the pure culture of the winter dictyophora can be realized by adopting a traditional method or a fermentation material cultivation method, and the content of the prepared pure culture of the winter dictyophora is not researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest comprises the following steps:
1. selecting seasons: the cultivation of the winter edible fungus is generally divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, wherein the spring sowing is carried out in 3-4 months, and the autumn sowing is carried out in 10-12 months.
2. Site selection: a fir forest with loose soil, moist and leeward soil and large area is selected as a planting field, the elevation is more than 1200m, the slope is 7-15 degrees, water is not easy to accumulate, and the shading degree is more than 70%.
3. Land preparation: removing rotten leaves and branches of the fir branches falling among the forests for later use, and making furrows according to the terrain to facilitate water drainage;
4. spreading and cultivating:
a. pretreating fresh broad-leaved tree blocks: cutting fresh broad-leaved tree into wood blocks with length of 7-10cm, width of 2-5cm and thickness of 1-3cm, soaking in lime water for 2-3 hr, washing, and spreading cultivation powder on the wood blocks.
Furthermore, the cultivation powder is prepared from 20-30 parts of corncobs, 5-10 parts of leguminous plant roots and 2-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate in parts by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the cultivation powder comprises the following steps: cleaning corn cob and Leguminosae plant root system, oven drying at 40-60 deg.C for 1-2 hr, mixing, grinding to 60-80 mesh, and mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
b. Spreading branches of Chinese fir on soil in a furrow as an auxiliary material, wherein the spreading thickness is 10-15cm, leveling and dibbling strains, breaking the strain of the Chinese fungus into the size of a chicken egg during spring planting and autumn planting, placing the chicken egg on the paved wood, wherein the distance between the strains is about 10-15cm, putting 4-6 jin of the strains per square meter, spreading white sugar on broad-leaved tree blocks, covering the strains as close as possible to the strains, covering loose, clean and free soil with obvious bacteria growth after putting, covering soil 3-4 cm, and making the shape of the covered soil be a micro-arc bulge; in autumn sowing, after a layer of white film is required to cover in a lower-temperature area, a layer of pine needles or dry branches and fallen leaves are added outside the film for heat preservation and moisture preservation of the winter dictyophora, and when the film is opened in spring, the pine needles or the dry branches and fallen leaves outside the film are covered on the surface layer of soil; directly covering pine needles or dead branches and fallen leaves with the thickness of about 2cm and without mixed bacteria pollution at the spring sowing time;
5. daily management: and (5) preserving water and moisture, and doing drought and waterlogging prevention work. When the hyphae are going to come out of the earth, the covering should be turned over at any time in a sunny day to avoid hyphae from spreading to the covering. When the winter fungus eggs are formed, attention should be paid to shading conditions at any time, and sunlight is not directly irradiated to the winter fungus eggs;
6. harvesting: the fruiting body is in the shape of thick writing brush, and comprises pileus, stipe and truffle, and part of the below of pileus of Veneza phalloidea has residual fungus curtain. Generally, the harvested sporocarp is preferably eight-time mature, the height of the sporocarp is generally 15-25cm, and the sporocarp can be harvested when pileus and stipe are obviously visible.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the branches of the Chinese fir trees are adopted as auxiliary materials to be paved in the soil, so that the permeability of the soil is improved, and the influence on hypha upper materials caused by wood blackening due to high temperature and high humidity is avoided. In addition, the cost is saved by adopting the fir branches as the auxiliary materials, and the fir branches are more economical and practical than wood blocks as the auxiliary materials. The method realizes the maximum utilization of resources and the minimum of environmental pollution, promotes the sustainable development of agricultural ecology, and promotes a resource-saving society and an environment-friendly society. The yield of the winter edible fungus produced by the planting method reaches 3.4 kg/mu, the goal of high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency industry upgrading is realized, the overall technical level is improved, and the development of related industries is promoted. The method for planting the winter dictyophora is simple and easy to master, and has good economic benefit and market popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the hyphal growth phase of example 1;
FIG. 2 shows primordial differentiation to form buds according to example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the growth phase of the buds in example 1;
FIG. 4 shows the fruiting body formation stage in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the wood piece intake in example 1 and experiment 1;
FIG. 6 shows autumn winter fungus according to example 3.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest comprises the following steps:
1. selecting seasons: sowing is carried out at the bottom of 3 months.
2. Site selection: a fir forest with loose soil, moist and leeward soil and large area is selected as a planting field, the elevation is more than 1200m, the slope is about 10 degrees, water is not easy to accumulate, and the shading degree is about 80 percent.
3. Land preparation: removing rotten leaves and branches of the fir branches falling among the forests for later use, and making furrows according to the terrain to facilitate water drainage;
4. spreading and cultivating:
a. pretreating fresh broad-leaved tree blocks: cutting fresh broad-leaved trees into wood blocks with length of 8cm, width of 4cm and thickness of 2cm, soaking in lime water for 2 hr, washing, and soaking the wood blocks with cultivation powder.
Furthermore, the cultivation powder is prepared from 25 parts of corncobs, 7 parts of root systems of leguminous plants and 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate according to parts by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the cultivation powder comprises the following steps: cleaning corncobs and roots of leguminous plants, drying at 50 ℃ for 1.5h, mixing, grinding to 80 meshes, and mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
b. Spreading branches of Chinese fir on soil in a furrow as an auxiliary material, wherein the spreading thickness is 15cm, leveling, breaking strain of the Chinese fungus into eggs with the size of a dibble strain, placing the dibble strain on the spread wood, wherein the distance between the strain and the strain is about 13cm, placing 5 jin of the strain per square meter, spreading white sugar, spreading broad-leaved tree wood blocks, covering the strain close to the strain as far as possible, covering loose, clean and free of obvious mixed bacteria, covering soil with the thickness of 4cm, and forming micro-arc protruding soil covering; directly covering pine needles or dead branches and fallen leaves with the thickness of about 2cm and without foreign bacteria pollution;
5. daily management: and (5) preserving water and moisture, and doing drought and waterlogging prevention work. When hyphae come out of the soil, the covering should be observed at any time and turned over in sunny days, so that the hyphae are prevented from spreading to the covering. When the winter fungus eggs are formed, attention should be paid to shading conditions at any time, and sunlight is not directly irradiated to the winter fungus eggs;
6. harvesting: the fruiting body is in the shape of thick writing brush, and comprises pileus, stipe and truffle, and part of the below of pileus of Veneza phalloidea has residual fungus curtain. Generally, the harvested sporocarp is preferably eight-time mature, the height of the sporocarp is generally 15-25cm, and the sporocarp can be harvested when pileus and stipe are obviously visible.
Example 2
A method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest comprises the following steps:
1. selecting seasons: sowing is carried out in 4 months.
2. Site selection: a fir forest with loose soil, moist and leeward soil and large area is selected as a planting field, the elevation is more than 1000m, the slope is 15 degrees, water is not easy to accumulate, and the shading degree is about 75 percent.
3. Land preparation: removing rotten leaves and branches of the fir branches falling among the forests for later use, and making furrows according to the terrain to facilitate water drainage;
4. spreading and cultivating:
a. pretreating fresh broad-leaved tree blocks: cutting fresh broad-leaved trees into wood blocks with length of 7cm, width of 2-5cm and thickness of 1cm, soaking in lime water for 2 hr, washing, and soaking the wood blocks with culture powder.
Further, the cultivation powder is prepared from 20 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of root systems of leguminous plants and 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate in parts by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the cultivation powder comprises the following steps: cleaning corncobs and roots of leguminous plants, drying at 40 ℃ for 2 hours, mixing, grinding to 60 meshes, and mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
b. Spreading branches of Chinese fir on soil in a furrow as an auxiliary material, wherein the spreading thickness is 10cm, leveling, breaking strain of the Chinese fungus into eggs with the size of a dibble strain, placing the dibble strain on the spread wood, wherein the distance between the strain and the strain is about 15cm, putting 6 jin of the strain per square meter, spreading white sugar, spreading broad-leaved tree wood blocks, covering the strain close to the strain as far as possible, covering loose, clean and free of obvious mixed bacteria, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, and forming micro-arc protruding covering soil; directly covering pine needles or dead branches and fallen leaves with the thickness of about 2cm and without foreign bacteria pollution;
5. daily management: and (5) preserving water and moisture, and doing drought and waterlogging prevention work. When the hyphae are going to come out of the earth, the covering should be turned over at any time in a sunny day to avoid hyphae from spreading to the covering. When the winter fungus eggs are formed, attention should be paid to shading conditions at any time, and sunlight is not directly irradiated to the winter fungus eggs;
6. harvesting: the fruiting body is in the shape of thick writing brush, and comprises pileus, stipe and truffle, and part of the below of pileus of Veneza phalloidea has residual fungus curtain. Generally, the harvested sporocarp is preferably eight-time mature, the height of the sporocarp is generally 15-25cm, and the sporocarp can be harvested when pileus and stipe are obviously visible.
Example 3
A method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest comprises the following steps:
1. selecting seasons: sowing was carried out at 11 months.
2. Site selection: a fir forest with loose soil, moist and leeward soil and large area is selected as a planting field, the elevation is more than 1200m, the slope is 7 degrees, water is not easy to accumulate, and the shading degree is about 70 percent.
3. Land preparation: removing rotten leaves and branches of the fir branches falling among the forests for later use, and making furrows according to the terrain to facilitate water drainage;
4. spreading and cultivating:
a. pretreating fresh broad-leaved tree blocks: cutting fresh broad-leaved trees into wood blocks with length of 10cm, width of 5cm and thickness of 3cm, soaking in lime water for 3 hr, washing, and soaking the wood blocks with cultivation powder.
Further, the cultivation powder is prepared from 30 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of root systems of leguminous plants and 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate in parts by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the cultivation powder comprises the following steps: cleaning corncob and leguminous plant root system, drying at 60 deg.C for 1 hr, mixing, grinding to 70 mesh, and mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
b. Spreading branches of Chinese fir on soil in a furrow as an auxiliary material, wherein the spreading thickness is 12cm, leveling, breaking strain of the Chinese fungus into eggs with the size of a dibble strain, placing the dibble strain on the spread wood, wherein the distance between the strain and the strain is about 10cm, putting 4 jin of the strain per square meter, spreading white sugar, spreading broad-leaved tree wood blocks, covering the strain close to the strain as far as possible, covering loose, clean and free of obvious mixed bacteria, covering soil with the thickness of 4cm, and making the shape of the covered soil protrude in a micro-arc shape; in a lower-temperature area, a layer of white film is required to be covered, then a layer of pine needles or dry branches and fallen leaves are added outside the film for heat preservation and moisture preservation of the winter fungi, the film is uncovered when beginning to spring, and the pine needles or the dry branches and fallen leaves outside the film are covered on the surface layer of soil;
5. daily management: and (5) preserving water and moisture, and doing drought and waterlogging prevention work. When the hyphae are going to come out of the earth, the covering should be turned over at any time in a sunny day to avoid hyphae from spreading to the covering. When the winter fungus eggs are formed, attention should be paid to shading conditions at any time, and sunlight is not directly irradiated to the winter fungus eggs;
6. harvesting: the fruiting body is in the shape of thick writing brush, and comprises pileus, stipe and truffle, and part of the below of pileus of Veneza phalloidea has residual fungus curtain. Generally, the harvested sporocarp is preferably eight-time mature, the height of the sporocarp is generally 15-25cm, and the sporocarp can be harvested when pileus and stipe are obviously visible.
Comparative experiment
Experiment 1: under the same conditions as those of the embodiment 1, fresh broad-leaved tree blocks without pretreatment are directly adopted for planting, and fir branches are not paved; the yields of the winter fungi planted in the methods of examples 1 to 3 and experiment 1 were counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Experiment 1 |
| Average yield | 70 jin/mu | 64 jin/mu | 67 jin/mu | 49 jin/mu |
According to the traditional planting method, both the bottom layer wood and the upper layer adopt broad-leaved tree wood blocks, when continuous rainy days occur, the wood blocks are excessively wet, so that the humidity of the wood blocks is excessively high, the wood blocks slowly turn black, and when the wood blocks turn black, strains are not fed to the wood any more, so that the yield of the winter fungi is seriously influenced.
Claims (7)
1. A method for planting winter dictyophora under a fir forest comprises the following steps: selecting seasons, selecting fields, preparing materials, preparing soil, paving materials, cultivating, managing daily, and harvesting; the method is characterized in that the spreading cultivation step comprises the steps of spreading branches of the Chinese fir as auxiliary materials on soil, leveling, dibbling strains, spreading white sugar, spreading fresh broad-leaved tree blocks, and covering soil.
2. The method for planting winter fungus in China fir forest according to claim 1, wherein the broad-leaved tree blocks are obtained by pretreating fresh broad-leaved tree blocks.
3. The method for planting winter dictyophora under fir forests as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pretreatment is to cut fresh broad-leaved trees into wood blocks with the length of 7-10cm, the width of 2-5cm and the thickness of 1-3cm, soak the wood blocks in lime water for 2-3h, wash the wood blocks clean, and then soak the wood blocks with cultivation powder.
4. The method for planting winter fungi under China fir forests as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cultivation powder is prepared from 20-30 parts by weight of corncobs, 5-10 parts by weight of roots of leguminous plants and 2-3 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate.
5. The method for planting winter fungus in China fir forests as claimed in any one of claims 3 or 4, wherein the cultivation powder is prepared by the following steps: cleaning corn cob and Leguminosae plant root system, oven drying at 40-60 deg.C for 1-2 hr, mixing, grinding to 60-80 mesh, and mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. The method for planting winter dictyophora under fir forests as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seasons: sowing in spring in 3-4 months and sowing in autumn in 10-12 months;
(2) site selection: selecting a fir forest with loose soil, shady, damp and leeward and flakiness as a planting field;
(3) land preparation: removing rotten leaves and branches of the fir branches falling among the forests for later use, and making furrows according to the terrain to facilitate water drainage;
(4) spreading and cultivating: spreading branches of Chinese fir on soil in a furrow as an auxiliary material, wherein the spreading thickness is 10-15cm, leveling, dibbling strains, putting the strains on the spread wood, the distance between the strains is 10-15cm, 4-6 jin of the strains are put in each square meter, spreading white sugar, spreading broad-leaved tree blocks, covering the strains as close as possible to the strains, covering loose, clean and free soil without obvious bacteria growth after putting, covering soil 3-4 cm, and making the shape of the covered soil rise in a micro-arc shape; in autumn sowing, after a layer of white film is required to cover in a lower-temperature area, a layer of pine needles or dry branches and fallen leaves are added outside the film for heat preservation and moisture preservation of the winter dictyophora, and when the film is opened in spring, the pine needles or the dry branches and fallen leaves outside the film are covered on the surface layer of soil; directly covering pine needles or dead branches and fallen leaves with the thickness of about 2cm and without mixed bacteria pollution at the spring sowing time;
(5) daily management: water retention and moisture preservation, namely turning the covering in a sunny day when hyphae come out of the earth, and preventing the hyphae from spreading to the covering; when the eggs of the winter edible fungus are formed, sunlight cannot directly penetrate the eggs of the winter edible fungus;
(6) harvesting: harvesting fruiting body when the fruiting body is eight-quarter mature, wherein the height of the fruiting body is 15-25 cm.
7. The method for planting winter fungus in fir forest according to claim 6, wherein the elevation of the fir forest in the step (2) is more than 1200m, the gradient is 7-15 degrees, and the shading degree is more than 70%.
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