CN104686191A - Method for improving fruiting transplantation of mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving fruiting transplantation of mushrooms. The method comprises steps as follows: humidity and temperature keeping, inspection of the strain survival rate, pile turning, shading, prevention of different microbes and pests, production of fruiting bodies and the like. Pile turning is required to be performed once every other 2-3 weeks after inoculation, upper, lower, left, right, inside and outside positions are mutually exchanged, piling forms are required to be changed correspondingly according to changes of air temperatures, rainfall and thicknesses of bark during pile turning, and growth of hyphae is facilitated; if white circles do not appear in one month, an inoculation cover is required to be opened for observation of conditions of the hyphae, and survival of the hyphae is promoted through water replenishment or ventilation enhancement or temperature increase; mushroom wood bark is knocked by a knife back or a finger, cross wood is placed in a position 65-68 cm away from the ground, the length of the cross wood is determined according to the terrain, two sides are herringbone, and the cross wood is staggered at an interval of more than 10 cm, so that formation and harvesting of the fruiting bodies are facilitated. The method has the characteristic of capability of obviously improving fruiting transplantation of the mushrooms.

Description

A kind of method improving mushroom fruiting and transplant

Technical field

The invention belongs to raw technical field of vegetable cultivation, relate to a kind of method improving mushroom fruiting and transplant.

Background technology

The aerobic mushroom of Lentinus, enough fresh airs are one of important environmental conditions ensureing that mushroom normal growth is grown.Facts have proved in a large number, the anti-curing cancers of mushroom in extensive range, for clinical treatment.Mushroom is also containing multivitamin, mineral matter, and to promotion human metabolism, improving organism adaptation power has great role.Mushroom also plays therapeutic action to diabetes, pulmonary tuberculosis, catarrhal jaundice, neuritis etc., can be used for again indigestion, constipation, fat-reducing etc.Mushroom " beneficial gas is not hungry, controls wind and breaks blood and beneficial stomach helps food " is recorded in the many ancient books of China.Among the people being used for helps bringing out of variola, measles, controls headache, dizziness.Modern study proves, has the T cell of immunologic function active, can reduce the ability of methyl cholanthrene induced tumor in the adjustable human body of lentinan.Mushroom has strong inhibitory action to cancer cell, is 97.5% to the inhibiting rate of small white mouse sarcoma 180, is 80% to the inhibiting rate of ehrlich carcinoma.Mushroom, also containing double stranded RNA, can be induced and produce interferon, have anti-virus ability.Mushroom contains water-soluble delicate flavour material, can be used as food seasoning, and its main component is the nucleic acid compositions such as 5'-crow thuja acid.

Planting environment is the easy teratogenic long handle mushroom of closing, big foot mushroom too.Light mushroom is light requirement fungi, and the diffused light that intensity is applicable to is the necessary condition that mushroom completes normal life history.But mycelial growth does not need light.Research shows: wavelength is that the blue light of 380-540nm has inhibitory action to mycelial growth, but is formed the most favourable to former base.The differentiation of mushroom fruiting body and grow and need light.Do not have light not form fruit body, research shows, the intensity of illumination of 40-7-lx is more suitable.The former base of mushroom in the dark has the tendency of excessive growth, cover little, handle is long, look light, meat is thin, shoddy.

Acid-base value: the pH value being suitable for the culture fluid of mushroom mycelium growth is 5-6.PH value is suitable for the formation of the former base of mushroom and the growth of fruit body at 3.5-4.5.In section wood corruption process, the pH value of mushroom wood constantly declines, thus promotes the formation of fruit body.

Summary of the invention

The invention discloses a kind of method improving mushroom fruiting and transplant, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:

(1) moisture-heat preservation: air humidity 60-70% after inoculation, temperature is 15-25 DEG C.

(2) bacterial classification survival rate is checked: stack two weeks, see that mycelia grows from inoculation crack, cave, form a white circle, represent that mycelia survives field planting, white circle is also there is not in one month, inoculation lid must be opened and observe mycelia situation, take to keep the skin wet or strengthen ventilation or improve temperature to promote that mycelia survives;

(3) turning: after inoculation, will carry out turning once every 2-3 week, inside and outside exchanging a position mutually up and down, when turning, also will according to the change of temperature, rainfall how many and bark thickness, form is stacked in corresponding change, in order to mycelial growth;

(4) shading: after mushroom yard is put well, must shade according to different environmental conditions, avoid direct sunlight, so as to keeping the water content of mushroom wood, also needing when rainwater is many to carry out damp proof work;

(5) prevent miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest: mushroom culture under field conditions (factors), causing harm of miscellaneous bacteria and insect will be prevented as far as possible, need to take corresponding measure, reduce it and occur;

(6) fruit body produces

1. the frame time is played :after the inoculation of section wood, the growth rate of mycelia because of mushroom wood size, seeds, stacking is different with administrative situation and have difference, in warm area, inoculate at the beginning of the non-spring in general winter, Jing Guochun, summer, individual month of Qiu Sanji, 8-9, mycelia reaches maturity substantially; But cold districtor mushroom wood is excessive, mycelia will through two summers, and could grow the degree to fruiting, when mercury dropped is to monthly average 14-16 DEG C, flower bud just occurs mushroom in succession, wooden for a mushroom frame, allow its fruiting;

2. time with the knife back or finger stroke mushroom ebon skin, the sound occurred is soft, the coarse injustice of voiced sound or bark tissue or strumae, subcutaneous in yellow or yellowish-brown, and have mushroom taste person, show that in mushroom wood, hyphal development is ripe, there is basis that fruit body produces, fruiting field should be proceeded in time, have miscellaneous bacteria or the mushroom wood that sends forth branches to remove by long simultaneously;

4. play frame method: first accomplish fluently timber, liftoff 65-68cm puts beam, and beam length is fixed with landform, and both sides are herringbone, are staggered, and mushroom wood more than spacing 10cm, is convenient to fruit-body formation and gathers;

(7) manage during fruiting

Before frame wood, first should supply moisture, then play frame, 8-12 hour under water for mushroom wood, this method water-saving saves time, and fruiting is neat, but labour intensity is large, and the loss of mushroom wood is large, should not soak, to avoid nutrient loss during immersion with flowing water; The latter need continuous moisturizing 4-6 days, every day intermittency 3-6 hour; After first mushroom is gathered, can not at once moisturizing, allow mushroom wood dry 1-2 month, then moisturizing is carried out second time and is urged flower bud, mycelia can be made like this to be upset, promote to break up;

3. the management of fruiting phase: the autumn in 10 ~ December mushroom, mainly grab the moisturizing of mushroom room and plastic film and control the temperature of microclimate, humidity and air; When there is small mushroom bud, the plastic film covered should be improved 5 ~ 6 cun, allowing its fruiting; First mushroom is cut off the water several days after receiving, and recovers, then continuous water spray several days in order to mycelia, makes it dry wet; Widen the temperature difference more than 10 DEG C, be conducive to the formation of next group fruit body, 1 ~ February dried mushroom, each mushroom bacterium block should not be excessively wet, as long as generally obtain a damp mushroom winter;

8, the reason of the mushroom wooden pipe after mushroom is adopted

When cap launches not yet completely, namely cap edge is still slightly involute, when mycoderm just breaks, it is the most optimum period of gathering, after mushroom terminates picking time, recover mycelium growth vigor as soon as possible, accumulation nutriment, after mushroom wood has been gathered, has retracted mushroom wood and has stacked field, repeat process above, i.e. stacking, moisturizing, a frame.

Method emphasis of the present invention solves:

(1) the method makes the conditions such as the temperature in mushroom cultivating process, humidity and ventilated, illumination realize thinking and control be conducive to the healthy growth of mushroom.

(2) environment created of the method for this cultivation mushroom, the growth of its PH mushroom preferably, does not need or very much needs to regulate artificially.

The present invention is more detailed to be described below:

After mushroom yard is put, needs are strengthened management, create the good condition of an applicable mushroom mycelium growth and fruit-body formation, management during stacking is the key factor determining cultivating champignon success or failure, the survival rate that it is related to mycelia occurs sooner or later with first mushroom, must carry out following several work:

(1) moisture-heat preservation: after inoculation, because mycelia is broken into pieces, makes the vitality of bacterial classification decline suddenly, also weakens to some extent environment-adapting ability, for making the rapid restoration ecosystem of injured mycelia, extending in mushroom wood as early as possible, must carry out heat and moisture preserving.As found, mushroom ebon skin cracking tilts, and even mushroom wood cracking, should increase shade rate, moisturizing of watering as early as possible.Require air humidity 60-70%, temperature is 15-25 DEG C.

(2) bacterial classification survival rate is checked: stack about two weeks, see that mycelia grows from inoculation crack, cave, form a white circle, represent that mycelia survives field planting, white circle is also there is not in one month, must open inoculation lid and observe mycelia situation, take to keep the skin wet or strengthen ventilation or improve temperature to promote that mycelia survives, as found, fatal weakness need be reseeded.

(3) turning: temperature, humidity difference suffered by each layer mushroom wood, water content easily changes, if not turning, mycelial growth will be made uneven.Therefore, after inoculation, to turning be carried out once every 2-3 week, inside and outside exchanging a position mutually up and down.When turning, also will according to the change of temperature, rainfall how many and bark thickness, form is stacked in corresponding change, in order to mycelial growth.Meanwhile, should carry out watering moisturizing in conjunction with turning during arid.

(4) shading: after mushroom yard is put well, must shade according to different environmental conditions, avoid direct sunlight, so as to keeping the water content of mushroom wood, also needing when rainwater is many to carry out damp proof work, do not make mycelia be drowned.

(5) prevent miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest: mushroom culture under field conditions (factors), causing harm of miscellaneous bacteria and insect will be prevented as far as possible, need to take corresponding measure, reduce it and occur.As carried out the sterilization of mushroom field in conjunction with turning, removing weeds around, regulate air and moisture etc., to ensure the ramp of mushroom mycelium, and are unfavorable for that the procreation of miscellaneous bacteria is caused harm.

(6) fruit body produces

1. play the frame time: after the inoculation of section wood, the growth rate of mycelia because of mushroom wood size, seeds, stacking is different with administrative situation and have difference.In warm area, inoculate, Jing Guochun, summer, Qiu Sanji at the beginning of the non-spring in general winter, about 8-9 month, mycelia reached maturity substantially; But cold district or mushroom wood excessive, mycelia will through two summers, the degree to fruiting could be grown, before and after the Beginning of Winter (front and back on November 7), when mercury dropped is to monthly average 14-16 DEG C, flower bud just occurs mushroom in succession, at this moment mushroom wood should be moved on to the place being suitable for fruit-body formation (6-7 should be had become to cover, air relative degree is advisable with 75-90%), mushroom wood is played frame, allows its fruiting.

2. frame wood is wanted in good time, if frame wood too early, temperature is too high, and humidity is too low waits mismanagement, and mushroom wood holds, easily dry decortication; Frame wood is excessively slow, can affect fruit body and produce, reduce output.Time usually with the knife back or finger stroke mushroom ebon skin, the sound occurred is soft, the coarse injustice of voiced sound or bark tissue or strumae, subcutaneous in yellow or yellowish-brown, and have mushroom taste person, show that in mushroom wood, hyphal development is ripe, there is basis that fruit body produces, fruiting field should be proceeded in time, have miscellaneous bacteria or the mushroom wood that sends forth branches to remove by long simultaneously.

4. play frame method: first accomplish fluently timber, liftoff about 65cm puts beam, mushroom field humid environment can frame high, environmental drying can frame lower.Beam length is fixed with landform, and both sides are herringbone, are staggered, and mushroom wood more than spacing 10cm, is convenient to fruit-body formation and gathers.

(7) manage during fruiting

After mushroom wood bulk storage, mushroom wood water content reduces, and winter, often rainwater was few, and humidity is low, was difficult to the moisture met needed for fruiting.Therefore, before frame wood, first should supply moisture, then play frame, at this moment because mushroom wood is concentrated, feedwater also facilitates, and can also reduce water loss.The moisturizing of mushroom wood has immersion and water spray two kinds of methods.The former is 8-12 hour under water for mushroom wood, and this method water-saving saves time, and fruiting is neat, but labour intensity is large, and the loss of mushroom wood is large, should not soak, to avoid nutrient loss during immersion with flowing water; The latter need continuous moisturizing 4-6 days, every day intermittency 3-6 hour.Points for attention:

1., after moisture supplied by mushroom wood, (less than 10 DEG C) as on the low side in temperature, must be incubated at about 20 DEG C, and moisturizing, more than 85%, is carried out urging flower bud, when mushroom flower bud grows to soya bean size in a large number, and just loose heap frame wood.

Be not selected in when 2. keeping the skin wet temperature very dry time, preferably once supply.After first mushroom is gathered, can not at once moisturizing, allow mushroom wood dry a period of time (1-2 month), then moisturizing is carried out second time and is urged flower bud, mycelia can be made like this to be upset, promote to break up.To note before fruiting

Prevent high temperature from producing mould, impel mycelia to heal rapidly: after bacterium certainly presses, along with the change of temperature, the time of lifting film will be grasped flexibly.During temperature height, within second day, will take a breath; When temperature is applicable to, ventilation in the 3rd day; When temperature is on the low side, take a breath after the 5th day.The object of ventilation is oxygenation, and promoting that mycelia heals rapidly, is the effective measures preventing high temperature mouldy.When surperficial mycelia starts to turn white, rate of ventilation and time should be increased.Temperature drift, lifts 2 ~ 3 every day, on the low sidely lifts 1 ~ 2 time.Object reduces bacterium block surface moisture to prevent over growth of hyphae, promotes mycelia robust growth.Utilize the temperature difference, dry wet poor, stimulation fruit-body formation: Lentinus alternating temperature fecundity mushroom class, generally under constant temperature, the former base of mushroom can not form mushroom flower bud all the time.But when condition changes, it will form fruit body rapidly.When mycelia growth and maturity, have accumulated abundant nutrition, when the temperature of applicable mycelial growth drops to suddenly 15 DEG C by 25 DEG C, mycelia will be made very soon to twist together and form fruit body primordium (other conditions also will meet the requirements, as humidity, light, air etc.).For " 7402 " bacterial strain, in I to early November, daytime temperature generally can reach 21 DEG C ~ about 23 DEG C, and can drop to 9 DEG C ~ 11 DEG C night, the temperature difference reaches more than 10 DEG C district's late October.Briquetting two weeks to behind sky, allows suitably dry 3 ~ 5 days, mushroom spawn surface, force surperficial mycelia to interweave mutually, twist together, thus mycelia absorbs nutrient towards periphery, makes the mycelia of kink expand the former base of formation, mushroom flower bud gradually.When mushroom flower bud grow to soya bean large time spray water in time, be conducive to sporophore growth.Therefore, suitable drying is conducive to ripe mycelia and forms the former base of mushroom, is moisteningly once again conducive to former base and grows up to mushroom.

3. the management of fruiting phase: the water management strengthening each phase is the important measures improving mushroom production.According to the growth characteristic of mushroom Various Seasonal, the management of moisture is also given priority to.Autumn mushroom (10 ~ December), Compost moisture content was also more sufficient, can meet former basal growth due to mycelia stalwartness.Management is mainly grabbed the temperature of the moisturizing of mushroom room and plastic film control microclimate, humidity and air.When there is small mushroom bud, the plastic film covered should be improved 5 ~ 6 cun, allowing its fruiting.With mushroom size, how many, temperature height, grasp the water yield flexibly, keep air humidity 85% ~ 90%.First mushroom is cut off the water several days after receiving, and recovers, then continuous water spray several days in order to mycelia, makes it dry wet; Widen the temperature difference more than 10 DEG C, be conducive to the formation of next group fruit body.Dried mushroom (1 ~ February), each mushroom bacterium block should not be excessively wet, as long as keep bacterium block moistening.Cross wet unfavorable mycelial growth, little mushroom is also easily dead, as long as generally obtain a damp mushroom winter.Main sending out based on bacteria is strengthened, and in block, moisture can not lower than 40%, generally more satisfactory with 50%.Spring mushroom (3 ~ May), the water management of spring mushroom is a very important job.Along with temperature raises, now bacterium block water content reduces, should suitable supply moisture.Between the methods such as available air is sprayed and water in ground adjustment mushroom room relative moisture to 85% ~ 90%, mushroom spawn surface sprayer is evenly sprayed water, and makes mushroom spawn keep moisture state.Note during water spray, become a fine day many sprays, overcast and rainy few spray or do not spray, many sprays when mushroom spawn is dry, spray less time moistening, mycelia is weak or spray less when having a small amount of miscellaneous bacteria to occur, and grasps flexibly.When the mushroom spawn inner growth due to evaporation and many batches of mushrooms, dehydration is too much, when water content lower than 40%, the formation of fruit body is just suppressed, at this moment mushroom spawn directly can be put into water soak 12 ~ 24 hours, mushroom spawn is made to increase weight about 1 jin, with the moisture of supplementary mushroom spawn.If at this moment temperature is at about 15 DEG C, the bacterium block of taking-up will be placed on culturing room and urge flower bud (temperature controls at about 22 DEG C), when waiting the more fruit body of formation, moves back to mushroom room, moisturizing fruiting.Urge the method for flower bud with this immersion by stages and in groups, mushroom production can be made to increase substantially., moisture blocked up to mushroom spawn surface mycoderm not easily immerses, and a few place is scratched in surface by available pocket knife, is convenient to water suction.Often criticizing mushroom gathers behind more than 10 skies, or carries out when having a small amount of mushroom flower bud to occur soaking and can stimulate generation and the growth of mushroom.

8, the reason of the mushroom wooden pipe after mushroom is adopted

Segment wood cultivated mushroom has disposable inoculation, for many years the feature of fruiting.Fruiting is many at spring, Qiu Liangji.When cap launches not yet completely, namely cap edge is still slightly involute, when mycoderm just breaks, is the most optimum period of gathering.Its output can reach 10-15 jin/m3.Mushroom wood is grown through the sporophore growth of some months, and the nutriment of originally accumulation develops into mushroom mostly.In order to Second Year produces the mushroom of high yield and high quality, restoration ecosystem accumulated substance need be continued.Therefore, after mushroom terminates picking time, recover mycelium growth vigor as soon as possible, accumulation nutriment.After mushroom wood has been gathered, mushroom wood is retracted and has stacked field, repeated process above, be i.e. stacking, moisturizing, a frame etc.

Gather and classification

(1) gather: generally when mushroom lid launches 70-80%, the edge of mushroom lid is still involute, and the interior mycoderm under lamella just breaks and shortly must gather, now mushroom shape, mushroom matter, local flavor are all more excellent.If treat, cap 90% launches just to gather, due to mushroom gather after after-ripening comparatively obviously, mushroom lid is still unfolded, affects mushroom grade.As treated cap full expand, after baking there is upwards turnup in mushroom lid edge, and form thin mushroom, mushroom handle fiber increases, and mushroom matter is poor.

(2) classification: mycelia, once formation fruit body, all can grow, but quality is different even if be in higher or lower temperature.As at temperature higher more than 20 DEG C, although mushroom growth is fast, meat is thin, cap is easily opened, and stem is longer, poor quality, is commonly called as " fragrant letter ".

Temperature is lower, and mushroom growth is comparatively slow, but meat is thick, and cap difficulty is opened, and stem is shorter, and quality is better, and particularly below 12 DEG C, mushroom growth is slow, " dried mushroom " that the short meat of general formation handle is thick.The initial stage of fruit-body formation, as the attack of dry weather or frost, generally can not continued growth, even dead, but fruit body grows to about more than 2cm, then meet above-mentioned environmental condition, decorative pattern can be chapped in cap surface, and such mushroom quality is best, is called " flower mushroom ".Low temperature or the formation of alternating temperature to fruit body play good spread effect, as before soon fruiting, meet the low temperature (snowing even more ideal) of about 0 DEG C, then turn warm, or weather is sometimes hot and sometimes cold, centered by 15 DEG C, every degree/day changes up and down between 5-20 DEG C, or daytime temperature higher (20 DEG C), nocturnal temperature lower (10 DEG C), under such temperature condition, all can form flower mushroom or the dried mushroom of high-quality.Say from the angle of producing, temperature is preferably at 15-18 DEG C, or 20 DEG C in the daytime, night 10 DEG C, such temperature growth is both fast, and output is high, and quality might as well.

A kind of compared with prior art had good effect improving the transplanting of mushroom fruiting disclosed by the invention is:

(1) this method water-saving saves time, and fruiting is neat, the various environmental factors of this method easier control effect mushroom growth, more easily grows healthy mushroom.

(2) in section wood corruption process, the pH value of mushroom wood constantly declines, thus promotes the formation of fruit body.Significantly improve mushroom fruiting to transplant.

Embodiment:

Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Wherein used various reagent are all bought from market, all have commercially available.Mushroom strain has commercially available.

Embodiment 1

A kind of method improving mushroom fruiting and transplant:

(1) moisture-heat preservation: air humidity 60% after mushroom strain inoculation, temperature is 15 DEG C.

(2) bacterial classification survival rate is checked: stack two weeks, see that mycelia grows from inoculation crack, cave, form a white circle, represent that mycelia survives field planting, white circle is also there is not in one month, inoculation lid must be opened and observe mycelia situation, take to keep the skin wet or strengthen ventilation or improve temperature to promote that mycelia survives;

(3) turning: after inoculation, will carry out turning once every 2 weeks, inside and outside exchanging a position mutually up and down, when turning, also will according to the change of temperature, rainfall how many and bark thickness, form is stacked in corresponding change, in order to mycelial growth;

(4) shading: after mushroom yard is put well, must shade according to different environmental conditions, avoid direct sunlight, so as to keeping the water content of mushroom wood, also needing when rainwater is many to carry out damp proof work;

(5) prevent miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest: mushroom culture under field conditions (factors), causing harm of miscellaneous bacteria and insect will be prevented as far as possible, need to take corresponding measure, reduce it and occur;

(6) fruit body produces

1. the frame time is played :after the inoculation of section wood, the growth rate of mycelia because of mushroom wood size, seeds, stacking is different with administrative situation and have difference, in warm area, inoculate at the beginning of the non-spring in general winter, Jing Guochun, summer, individual month of Qiu Sanji, 8-9, mycelia reaches maturity substantially; But cold districtor mushroom wood is excessive, mycelia will through two summers, and could grow the degree to fruiting, when mercury dropped is to monthly average 14 DEG C, flower bud just occurs mushroom in succession, wooden for a mushroom frame, allow its fruiting;

2. time with the knife back or finger stroke mushroom ebon skin, the sound occurred is soft, the coarse injustice of voiced sound or bark tissue or strumae, subcutaneous in yellow or yellowish-brown, and have mushroom taste person, show that in mushroom wood, hyphal development is ripe, there is basis that fruit body produces, fruiting field should be proceeded in time, have miscellaneous bacteria or the mushroom wood that sends forth branches to remove by long simultaneously;

4. play frame method: first accomplish fluently timber, liftoff 65-68cm puts beam, and beam length is fixed with landform, and both sides are herringbone, are staggered, and mushroom wood more than spacing 10cm, is convenient to fruit-body formation and gathers;

(7) manage during fruiting

Before frame wood, first should supply moisture, then play frame, mushroom wood is soaked in water 8 hours, and this method water-saving saves time, and fruiting is neat, but labour intensity is large, and the loss of mushroom wood is large, should not soak, to avoid nutrient loss during immersion with flowing water; The latter needs continuous moisturizing 4 days, every day intermittency 3 hours; After first mushroom is gathered, can not at once moisturizing, allow dry 1 month of mushroom wood, then moisturizing is carried out second time and is urged flower bud, mycelia can be made like this to be upset, promote to break up;

3. the management of fruiting phase: the autumn in October mushroom, mainly grab the moisturizing of mushroom room and plastic film and control the temperature of microclimate, humidity and air; When there is small mushroom bud, the plastic film covered should be improved 5 cun, allowing its fruiting; First mushroom is cut off the water several days after receiving, and recovers, then continuous water spray several days in order to mycelia, makes it dry wet; Widen the temperature difference more than 10 DEG C, be conducive to the formation of next group fruit body, January dried mushroom, each mushroom bacterium block should not be excessively wet, as long as generally obtain a damp mushroom winter;

8, the reason of the mushroom wooden pipe after mushroom is adopted

When cap launches not yet completely, namely cap edge is still slightly involute, when mycoderm just breaks, is the most optimum period of gathering, after mushroom terminates picking time, recover mycelium growth vigor as soon as possible, accumulation nutriment, after mushroom wood has been gathered, mushroom wood is retracted and stacks field, repeat process above, i.e. stacking, moisturizing, a frame, can form flower mushroom or the dried mushroom of high-quality like this.

Embodiment 2

A kind of method improving mushroom fruiting and transplant:

(1) moisture-heat preservation: air humidity 70% after mushroom strain inoculation, temperature is 25 DEG C.

(2) bacterial classification survival rate is checked: stack two weeks, see that mycelia grows from inoculation crack, cave, form a white circle, represent that mycelia survives field planting, white circle is also there is not in one month, inoculation lid must be opened and observe mycelia situation, take to keep the skin wet or strengthen ventilation or improve temperature to promote that mycelia survives;

(3) turning: after inoculation, will carry out turning once every 3 weeks, inside and outside exchanging a position mutually up and down, when turning, also will according to the change of temperature, rainfall how many and bark thickness, form is stacked in corresponding change, in order to mycelial growth;

(4) shading: after mushroom yard is put well, must shade according to different environmental conditions, avoid direct sunlight, so as to keeping the water content of mushroom wood, also needing when rainwater is many to carry out damp proof work;

(5) prevent miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest: mushroom culture under field conditions (factors), causing harm of miscellaneous bacteria and insect will be prevented as far as possible, need to take corresponding measure, reduce it and occur;

(6) fruit body produces

1. the frame time is played :after the inoculation of section wood, the growth rate of mycelia because of mushroom wood size, seeds, stacking is different with administrative situation and have difference, in warm area, inoculate at the beginning of the non-spring in general winter, Jing Guochun, summer, individual month of Qiu Sanji, 8-9, mycelia reaches maturity substantially; But cold districtor mushroom wood is excessive, mycelia will through two summers, and could grow the degree to fruiting, when mercury dropped is to monthly average 16 DEG C, flower bud just occurs mushroom in succession, wooden for a mushroom frame, allow its fruiting;

2. time with the knife back or finger stroke mushroom ebon skin, the sound occurred is soft, the coarse injustice of voiced sound or bark tissue or strumae, subcutaneous in yellow or yellowish-brown, and have mushroom taste person, show that in mushroom wood, hyphal development is ripe, there is basis that fruit body produces, fruiting field should be proceeded in time, have miscellaneous bacteria or the mushroom wood that sends forth branches to remove by long simultaneously;

4. play frame method: first accomplish fluently timber, liftoff 68cm puts beam, and beam length is fixed with landform, and both sides are herringbone, are staggered, and mushroom wood more than spacing 10cm, is convenient to fruit-body formation and gathers;

(7) manage during fruiting

Before frame wood, first should supply moisture, then play frame, mushroom wood is soaked in water 12 hours, and this method water-saving saves time, and fruiting is neat, but labour intensity is large, and the loss of mushroom wood is large, should not soak, to avoid nutrient loss during immersion with flowing water; The latter needs continuous moisturizing 6 days, every day intermittency 6 hours; After first mushroom is gathered, can not at once moisturizing, allow dry 2 months of mushroom wood, then moisturizing is carried out second time and is urged flower bud, mycelia can be made like this to be upset, promote to break up;

3. the management of fruiting phase: the autumn in 10 ~ December mushroom, mainly grab the moisturizing of mushroom room and plastic film and control the temperature of microclimate, humidity and air; When there is small mushroom bud, the plastic film covered should be improved 6 cun, allowing its fruiting; First mushroom is cut off the water several days after receiving, and recovers, then continuous water spray several days in order to mycelia, makes it dry wet; Widen the temperature difference more than 10 DEG C, be conducive to the formation of next group fruit body, December dried mushroom, each mushroom bacterium block should not be excessively wet, as long as generally obtain a damp mushroom winter;

8, the reason of the mushroom wooden pipe after mushroom is adopted

When cap launches not yet completely, namely cap edge is still slightly involute, when mycoderm just breaks, it is the most optimum period of gathering, after mushroom terminates picking time, recover mycelium growth vigor as soon as possible, accumulation nutriment, after mushroom wood has been gathered, has retracted mushroom wood and has stacked field, repeat process above, i.e. stacking, moisturizing, a frame.Flower mushroom or the dried mushroom of high-quality can be formed like this.

Claims (1)

1. improve the method that mushroom fruiting is transplanted, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:

(1) moisture-heat preservation: air humidity 60-70% after inoculation, temperature is 15-25 DEG C;

(2) check bacterial classification survival rate: stack two weeks, seen that mycelia grows from inoculation crack, cave, form a white circle, represent that mycelia survives field planting;

(3) turning: after inoculation, will carry out turning once every 2-3 week, inside and outside exchanging a position mutually up and down, when turning, also will according to the change of temperature, rainfall how many and bark thickness, form is stacked in corresponding change, in order to mycelial growth;

(4) shade: after mushroom yard is put well, must shade according to different environmental conditions, avoid direct sunlight, so as to keeping the water content of mushroom wood;

(5) prevent miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest: mushroom culture under field conditions (factors), causing harm of miscellaneous bacteria and insect will be prevented as far as possible, need to take corresponding measure, reduce it and occur;

(6) fruit body produces

1. play the frame time: after the inoculation of section wood, the growth rate of mycelia because of mushroom wood size, seeds, stacking is different with administrative situation and have difference, in warm area, inoculate at the beginning of the non-spring in general winter, Jing Guochun, summer, individual month of Qiu Sanji, 8-9, mycelia reaches maturity substantially; But cold districtor mushroom wood is excessive, mycelia will through two summers, and could grow the degree to fruiting, when mercury dropped is to monthly average 14-16 DEG C, flower bud just occurs mushroom in succession, wooden for a mushroom frame, allow its fruiting;

2. time with the knife back or finger stroke mushroom ebon skin, the sound occurred is soft, the coarse injustice of voiced sound or bark tissue or strumae, subcutaneous in yellow or yellowish-brown, and have mushroom taste person, show that in mushroom wood, hyphal development is ripe, there is basis that fruit body produces, fruiting field should be proceeded in time, have miscellaneous bacteria or the mushroom wood that sends forth branches to remove by long simultaneously;

4. play frame method: first accomplish fluently timber, liftoff 65-68cm puts beam, and beam length is fixed with landform, and both sides are herringbone, are staggered, and mushroom wood more than spacing 10cm, is convenient to fruit-body formation and gathers;

(7) manage during fruiting

Before frame wood, first should supply moisture, then play frame, 8-12 hour under water for mushroom wood, this method water-saving saves time, and fruiting is neat, but labour intensity is large, and the loss of mushroom wood is large, should not soak, to avoid nutrient loss during immersion with flowing water; The latter need continuous moisturizing 4-6 days, every day intermittency 3-6 hour; After first mushroom is gathered, can not at once moisturizing, allow mushroom wood dry 1-2 month, then moisturizing is carried out second time and is urged flower bud;

3. the management of fruiting phase: the autumn in 10 ~ December mushroom, when there is small mushroom bud, the plastic film covered should be improved 5 ~ 6 cun, allowing its fruiting; First mushroom is cut off the water several days after receiving, and recovers, then continuous water spray several days in order to mycelia, makes it dry wet; Widen the temperature difference more than 10 DEG C, be conducive to the formation of next group fruit body, 1 ~ February dried mushroom, each mushroom bacterium block should not be excessively wet, as long as generally obtain a damp mushroom winter;

(8) reason of the mushroom wooden pipe after mushroom is adopted

When cap launches not yet completely, namely cap edge is still slightly involute, when mycoderm just breaks, it is the most optimum period of gathering, after mushroom terminates picking time, recover mycelium growth vigor as soon as possible, accumulation nutriment, after mushroom wood has been gathered, has retracted mushroom wood and has stacked field, repeat process above, i.e. stacking, moisturizing, a frame.