CN114794130A - Control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose - Google Patents
Control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114794130A CN114794130A CN202210339862.1A CN202210339862A CN114794130A CN 114794130 A CN114794130 A CN 114794130A CN 202210339862 A CN202210339862 A CN 202210339862A CN 114794130 A CN114794130 A CN 114794130A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anthracnose
- bergenin
- macadimia nut
- control agent
- macadimia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose. A control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose comprises effective components of bergenin and fluopyram. The control agent for the macadimia nut anthracnose is prepared by compounding two active ingredients, can delay the drug resistance of the macadimia nut anthracnose to a compound agent, reduces the risk caused by independently applying bergenin, and can play a certain role in protecting the bergenin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose.
Background
Macadamia nut, also known as macadamia nut, is a nut plant originally produced in macadamia, not only has higher economic value, but also has good nutritional value and medicinal value, and is vegetatively reputed as the king of dried fruits. The macadimia nuts have more diseases and insect pests, more than 30 diseases and more than 300 insect pests, and the more serious diseases include damping off, root rot, flower blight, anthracnose, ulceration and gray mold. Wherein the anthracnose mainly damages leaves, young shoots and fruits of the macadimia nuts, the young shoots of the macadimia nuts are dead and the young leaves are withered and yellow, black plaques appear on the surfaces of the macadimia nuts, young fruits and shells are black brown, and the young fruits and the shells gradually develop into black conidiospores, so that the yield and the quality of the macadimia nuts are influenced. Chemical agents are common means for controlling anthracnose, but long-term application of a single chemical agent can cause the anthracnose to generate drug resistance, the current anthracnose generates different degrees of drug resistance to the existing chemical agents, fruit growers generally increase the application dosage of the chemical agents in order to improve the control effect, so that the generation of the drug resistance is accelerated, and meanwhile, the problem of pesticide residue is also caused.
The inhibition effect of 18 coumarin compounds on the citrus anthracnose is determined by adopting a growth rate method, and the isocoumarin compound bergenin has the strongest inhibition activity on the citrus anthracnose, and EC is determined 50 It was 7.2766. mu.g/mL. Therefore, the anthracnose can be effectively prevented by utilizing bergenin. Like chemical agents, if the active ingredient is singly applied for a long time, the diseases are easy to generate drug resistance.
The compounding of different pesticide effective components is an effective shortcut for developing new pesticide varieties. After different pesticide active ingredients are compounded, three action types can be shown: additive, synergistic and antagonistic. Through a large number of experiments, the inventor finds that when bergenin is binary compounded with pyraclostrobin, fluopyram or bromothalonil, the remarkable synergistic effect can be shown in a certain mass ratio range, and the composition has important significance for protecting bergenin medicaments and delaying the drug resistance of diseases.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose, which overcomes the defect that the disease is easy to generate drug resistance by singly applying bergenin for a long time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose, which is prepared by compounding effective components of bergenin and fluopyram.
Preferably, the mass ratio of bergapten to fluopyram is 1-30: 15-1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the control agent for the macadimia nut anthracnose has obvious synergistic effect when binary compounding is carried out, and compared with a single agent, the control agent improves the control effect on the macadimia nut anthracnose, and can reduce the application dose and times of pesticides, reduce the control cost and reduce the pesticide residue of the macadimia nuts.
(2) The control agent for the macadimia nut anthracnose is prepared by compounding two effective components, can delay the drug resistance of the macadimia nut anthracnose to a compounded medicament, reduces the risk caused by independently applying bergenin, and can play a certain role in protecting the bergenin.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Examples: indoor bioactivity test of bergenin compound
Reagent to be tested: 98.8% bergenin technical, 98% pyraclostrobin technical, 96% fluopyram technical and 95% bromothalonil technical
Test germs: the macadimia nut anthracnose pathogenic bacteria are collected from the diseased part of the macadimia nut anthracnose and separated and purified in a laboratory
The test method comprises the following steps: refer to indoor bioassay test criteria for pesticides NY/T1156.2-2006 section 2: petri dish method for pathogenic fungus hypha growth inhibition test
1. Dissolving the raw medicine with ethanol, diluting with 0.1% Tween-80, respectively preparing single-dose mother liquor, setting multiple groups of ratios, and setting multiple gradient mass concentrations for use according to equal ratio method for each single dose and each group of ratio mixture;
2. quantitatively adding the pre-melted PDA culture medium into a sterile conical flask under the aseptic condition, quantitatively sucking liquid medicines from low concentration to high concentration in sequence, respectively adding into the conical flasks, and fully shaking. Then, the mixture was poured into 4 dishes 9cm in diameter in equal amounts to prepare drug-containing plates, and blank controls containing only ethanol and 0.1% Tween-80 were added to the plates, and 3 treatments were repeated for each treatment.
3. Under the aseptic condition, punching holes on the edges of bacterial colonies of the macadimia nut anthracnose pathogenic bacteria by using a sterilization puncher with the diameter of 5mm to prepare a bacterial cake with the diameter of 5 mm; inoculating the fungus cake in the center of the medicated plate with the hypha facing upwards, covering with a dish, and culturing at 25 deg.C in an incubator.
4. When the diameter of the blank control colony is more than 2/3 of the diameter of the culture dish, measuring the diameter of the colony by a caliper, vertically measuring the diameter of each colony by a cross method once, taking the average value, calculating the hypha growth inhibition rate of each treatment, carrying out regression analysis on the numerical value of the medicament concentration and the hypha growth inhibition rate value by DPS software, calculating the EC50 of each treatment medicament, and calculating the cotoxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixture according to the Sun Tapei method.
Hypha growth inhibition (%) [ (blank control colony diameter-5) - (drug-treated colony diameter-5) ]/[ (blank control colony diameter-5) ] × 100;
measured virulence index (ATI) ═ (standard agent EC 50/test agent EC50) × 100;
theoretical virulence index (TTI) ═ a agent virulence index × percentage of a in the mixture + B agent virulence index × percentage of B in the mixture;
co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) × 100 [ measured toxicity index (ATI) of the mixture)/Theoretical Toxicity Index (TTI) of the mixture ].
Criteria are divided according to joint action:
the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) is more than or equal to 120 and shows a synergistic effect;
the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) is less than or equal to 80, and the antagonism is shown;
80< co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) <120 showed additive effect.
The results are shown in tables 1-3.
TABLE 1 determination of the indoor biological Activity of bergapten and pyraclostrobin on the pathogen of macadamia anthracnose
| Name and proportion of the medicament | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| Bergenin | 9.84 | 100 | -- | -- |
| Pyraclostrobin (Kresoxim-methyl) | 4.43 | 222.12 | -- | -- |
| Bergenin 1: pyraclostrobin 20 | 3.43 | 286.88 | 216.31 | 132.63 |
| Bergenin 1: pyraclostrobin 16 | 3.17 | 310.41 | 214.94 | 144.42 |
| Bergenin 1: pyraclostrobin 12 | 2.94 | 334.69 | 212.73 | 157.33 |
| Bergenin 1: pyraclostrobin 8 | 2.27 | 433.48 | 205.88 | 207.85 |
| Bergenin 1: pyraclostrobin 4 | 1.93 | 509.84 | 197.70 | 257.89 |
| Bergenin 1: pyraclostrobin 1 | 1.66 | 592.77 | 161.06 | 368.04 |
| Bergenin 2: pyraclostrobin 1 | 4.83 | 203.73 | 140.71 | 144.79 |
| Bergenin 4: pyraclostrobin 1 | 5.92 | 166.22 | 124.42 | 133.59 |
| Bergenin 6: pyraclostrobin 1 | 3.17 | 310.41 | 117.45 | 264.30 |
| Bergenin 8: pyraclostrobin 1 | 2.88 | 341.67 | 113.57 | 300.84 |
| Bergenin 10: pyraclostrobin 1 | 4.17 | 235.97 | 111.10 | 212.39 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the bergenin and the pyraclostrobin are compounded at a mass ratio of 1-10: the co-toxicity coefficient to the pathogenic bacteria of the macadimia nut anthracnose within the range of 20-1 is more than 120, and the synergistic effect is obvious.
TABLE 2 determination of the biological Activity of bergenin and Fluopyram in combination against the pathogen of macadamia anthracnose
As can be seen from Table 2, the bergenin and fluopyram are compounded in a mass ratio of 1-30: 15-1, the co-toxicity coefficient to the pathogenic bacteria of the macadimia nut anthracnose is more than 120, and the synergistic effect is obvious.
TABLE 3 indoor bioactivity assay of bergenin and bromothalonil in combination against macadamia nut anthracnose pathogens
As can be seen from Table 3, the bergenin and bromothalonil are compounded in the weight ratio of 1-40: the co-toxicity coefficient to the pathogenic bacteria of the macadimia nut anthracnose within the range of 40-1 is more than 120, and the synergistic effect is obvious.
As can be seen from tables 1-3, the bergapten, pyraclostrobin, fluopyram or bromothalonil compound of the invention has a synergistic effect on macadamia nut anthracnose within a certain mass ratio range.
The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A control agent for macadimia nut anthracnose is characterized in that the effective components are compounded by bergenin and fluopyram.
2. The macadimia nut anthracnose control agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of bergapten to fluopyram is 1-30: 15-1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210339862.1A CN114794130B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Agent for preventing and treating anthracnose of macadimia nut |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110684271.3A CN113396924B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating macadamia nut anthracnose |
| CN202210339862.1A CN114794130B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Agent for preventing and treating anthracnose of macadimia nut |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110684271.3A Division CN113396924B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating macadamia nut anthracnose |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114794130A true CN114794130A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
| CN114794130B CN114794130B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
Family
ID=77681925
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210339862.1A Active CN114794130B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Agent for preventing and treating anthracnose of macadimia nut |
| CN202110684271.3A Active CN113396924B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating macadamia nut anthracnose |
| CN202210339858.5A Active CN114794129B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Pesticide composition for preventing and treating anthracnose of macadimia nut |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110684271.3A Active CN113396924B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating macadamia nut anthracnose |
| CN202210339858.5A Active CN114794129B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Pesticide composition for preventing and treating anthracnose of macadimia nut |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (3) | CN114794130B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115868396A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-31 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Ecological seedling raising substrate for macadamia nuts |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114732013B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-07-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Macadimia nut southern blight bactericide based on molecular disease resistance mechanism |
| CN115058141B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-08-15 | 广西维一涂料制造有限公司 | Mildew preventive containing BCM |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1615846A (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2005-05-18 | 李�杰 | Soft capsule containing bergenin and its preparing method |
| JP2008169174A (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-07-24 | Yoshihiro Futamura | Bergenin derivative having inflammatory cytokine production-inhibiting action, food preparation, cosmetic, antiinflammatory agent comprising the same |
| US20140228212A1 (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-08-14 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Pesticidal compositions |
| US20150283120A1 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-10-08 | The University Of Chicago | Antibiotic methods and compositions for bacteria infections |
| CN105831165A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-10 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Microbial pesticide for preventing and treating apple pest and disease damages and preparation method of microbial pesticide |
| CN106432259A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-02-22 | 广州科技职业技术学院 | Bergenin derivative and synthetic method and application thereof |
| CN106588852A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 西北农林科技大学 | 3-hydrocarbyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin compound, and preparation method and purpose thereof |
| CN109699649A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-03 | 南开大学 | A kind of miticide composition containing cyflumetofen |
| CN110679597A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-14 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Medicament composition for preventing and treating macadimia nut gray mold |
| CN111423472A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-17 | 刘力 | Broad-spectrum sterilization low-toxicity low-residue growth-promoting Thisen manganese zinc compound and composition thereof |
| WO2021085370A1 (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | クミアイ化学工業株式会社 | Azole derivative and use thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3916216B2 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2007-05-16 | ケイ・アイ化成株式会社 | Novel dibromonitroalcohol derivatives and their uses |
| CN103004823A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-03 | 山东滨农科技有限公司 | Bactericide composition containing pyraclostrobin and bromothalonil |
| CN103636622A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-19 | 海利尔药业集团股份有限公司 | Sterilizing composition containing tetramycin and bromothalonil |
| CN106234380A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 江苏辉丰农化股份有限公司 | A kind of microbicide compositions |
| CN111187234A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-22 | 刘力 | Broad-spectrum bactericidal pollution-free growth-promoting manganese thiazole compound and composition thereof |
| CN110651790B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-08-27 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating pineapple anthracnose |
-
2021
- 2021-06-21 CN CN202210339862.1A patent/CN114794130B/en active Active
- 2021-06-21 CN CN202110684271.3A patent/CN113396924B/en active Active
- 2021-06-21 CN CN202210339858.5A patent/CN114794129B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1615846A (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2005-05-18 | 李�杰 | Soft capsule containing bergenin and its preparing method |
| JP2008169174A (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2008-07-24 | Yoshihiro Futamura | Bergenin derivative having inflammatory cytokine production-inhibiting action, food preparation, cosmetic, antiinflammatory agent comprising the same |
| US20140228212A1 (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2014-08-14 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Pesticidal compositions |
| US20150283120A1 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-10-08 | The University Of Chicago | Antibiotic methods and compositions for bacteria infections |
| CN105831165A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-10 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Microbial pesticide for preventing and treating apple pest and disease damages and preparation method of microbial pesticide |
| CN106432259A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-02-22 | 广州科技职业技术学院 | Bergenin derivative and synthetic method and application thereof |
| CN106588852A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 西北农林科技大学 | 3-hydrocarbyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin compound, and preparation method and purpose thereof |
| CN111423472A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-17 | 刘力 | Broad-spectrum sterilization low-toxicity low-residue growth-promoting Thisen manganese zinc compound and composition thereof |
| CN109699649A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-03 | 南开大学 | A kind of miticide composition containing cyflumetofen |
| WO2021085370A1 (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-06 | クミアイ化学工業株式会社 | Azole derivative and use thereof |
| CN110679597A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-14 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Medicament composition for preventing and treating macadimia nut gray mold |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘欣;王明爽;梅秀凤;姜丽英;韩国兴;李红叶;: "柑橘黑点病菌种群对代森锰锌的敏感性评价及其替代药剂的筛选", 植物保护学报, no. 02 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115868396A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-31 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Ecological seedling raising substrate for macadamia nuts |
| CN115868396B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2024-05-24 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Ecological seedling raising substrate for macadimia nuts |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114794130B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
| CN113396924B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
| CN114794129A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
| CN113396924A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
| CN114794129B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113396924B (en) | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating macadamia nut anthracnose | |
| CN113661998B (en) | Energy metabolism repressor for resisting gray mold | |
| CN112794777B (en) | Fertilizer special for eucalyptus and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114651825A (en) | Macadimia nut stem canker inhibitor based on molecular disease resistance approach | |
| CN112438259A (en) | Bactericide composition for preventing and treating white disease of foxtail millet | |
| CN114190394B (en) | Fruit black spot resistant activator for macadimia nut breeding | |
| CN113349202B (en) | Biological pesticide for preventing and treating macadamia nut leaf blight | |
| CN113598174B (en) | Pharmaceutical composition containing validamycin and copper diacetonamine oxalate | |
| CN113994972B (en) | Composition for treating gummosis of nectarines | |
| CN113558059B (en) | Composition containing zhongshengmycin and natamycin | |
| CN115530176B (en) | Bactericide for preventing and treating anthracnose of avocado | |
| CN115918665B (en) | Wheat seed dressing agent for preventing and treating wheat stem-based rot | |
| CN116784345A (en) | Composition for improving nitrogen absorption of wheat plants | |
| CN114946869B (en) | Macadimia nut recession disease control agent for disease resistance breeding | |
| CN114391551B (en) | Novel fertilizer special for strawberries | |
| CN114847297B (en) | Pesticide composition for preventing and treating rice diseases | |
| CN115053900A (en) | Bactericide for preventing and treating avocado canker | |
| CN116210700A (en) | Sterilization composition for preventing and treating strawberry anthracnose | |
| CN117099780A (en) | Bactericidal composition containing aloe-emodin | |
| CN117099781A (en) | Synergistic composition containing aloe-emodin | |
| CN117099790A (en) | Sterilization composition for preventing and treating wheat stem-based rot | |
| CN115413671A (en) | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating jackfruit rot | |
| CN115039772A (en) | Biological pesticide composition for preventing and treating rust disease of wild rice shoots |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |