CN114794019A - Method for breeding orius miri - Google Patents
Method for breeding orius miri Download PDFInfo
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- CN114794019A CN114794019A CN202110610930.9A CN202110610930A CN114794019A CN 114794019 A CN114794019 A CN 114794019A CN 202110610930 A CN202110610930 A CN 202110610930A CN 114794019 A CN114794019 A CN 114794019A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding orius miri, which comprises the following steps: and (3) feeding and breeding the orius pollidipennis by using the frozen lepidoptera insects. The invention relates to the technical field of insect green prevention and control and insect feeding of predatory natural enemies. The invention provides the method for feeding the orius pollidipennis by taking the frozen lepidoptera larvae as the main feed for the first time, the invention is important innovation and improvement in the aspect of the feeding method of the orius pollidipennis, and the cultured orius pollidipennis imagoes have high yield, long service life and large egg laying amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pest green prevention and control and insect feeding of predatory natural enemies, in particular to a method for feeding and breeding orius miri.
Background
Currently, the strategy for the management of agricultural and forestry pests has gradually shifted from chemical pesticide control to green control. Biological control is taken as an important component of a pest green prevention and control technology system, and related technologies are also paid attention, so that the research and development of products related to biological control are promoted. In the production process of facility vegetables, the occurrence and the harm degree of small pests such as thrips, whiteflies, aphids, mites and the like are the heaviest, the insects have strong reproductive capacity and are easy to generate resistance to pesticides, and thus, higher requirements are provided for the production and the quantity of organisms for prevention and control. The method for feeding the natural enemy insects is one of the technical bottlenecks which restrict the research and development of related products, and the method for finding the feed with easily obtained materials, simple and convenient operation and higher efficiency can greatly reduce the production cost of the natural enemy insects.
The Orius miniatus (Orius striaticolis) is widely distributed in southern areas of China, can be used for catching small-sized pests such as thrips, aphids, whiteflies, mites and the like, lepidoptera insect eggs and low-age larvae, has high application value in comprehensive treatment of agricultural and forestry pests, particularly has extremely high fitness between a control object and common pests in production of facility vegetables, and is an ideal natural enemy insect of the facility vegetable pests.
In recent 20 years, in order to solve the problem of breeding the orius minutus on a large scale, scholars at home and abroad develop a series of researches on the feed of the orius minutus, including artificial feed formula optimization, substitute prey screening and the like. However, the artificial feed has high preparation cost and low feeding effect on the orius minutus, and is not used for feeding the orius minutus on a large scale. At present, the small plant bugs are commonly bred instead of preys, such as eggs of lepidoptera insects like Mediterranean pink borer, Indian meal moth, rice moth, wheat moth and the like, in large-scale production, the steps of lepidoptera insect breeding, adult egg collection, egg surface scale removal, embryo killing by freezing or irradiation and the like are required, and the requirements on equipment and the required production cost are high. In addition, a few researchers adopt low-age living insects to feed the orius minutus, but the living insects have strong activity and can also develop to a higher age during use, so that predation of the orius minutus is limited, and the method is not suitable for large-scale production of the orius minutus.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding and breeding orius pollidii, which is different from the conventional method for breeding orius pollidii by utilizing living preys (such as aphids and thrips) and the like.
Specifically, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method of raising and breeding orius miri, the method comprising: and (4) feeding and breeding the orius pollidii by using the frozen lepidoptera larvae.
In one embodiment, the lepidopteran insect is a moth-type lepidopteran insect; preferably, the moth lepidopteran insect is a noctuidae lepidopteran insect.
In a specific embodiment, the lepidopteran insect of the present invention is spodoptera frugiperda.
The orius miniatus is an animal of the family of the phylum Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera and Ailanthidae, and is mainly distributed in provinces and cities of Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and the like in China. The orius minutus can prey on thrips, aphids, whiteflies, mites, lepidoptera eggs, young larvae and the like, and is a natural enemy insect with important utilization value. Spodoptera frugiperda is a typical naturally invasive species, is a major agricultural pest with global early warning, and has various host plant species and extremely strong destructiveness. The spodoptera frugiperda is used as the feed of the lygus pratensis, and has beneficial effects on green prevention and control of the spodoptera frugiperda.
In one embodiment, the frozen lepidopteran insect is a frozen lepidopteran larva; preferably, the frozen lepidopteran larvae are larvae which are frozen after the larvae develop to 1-2 years old.
In one embodiment, the freezing conditions are: freezing at-20 deg.C for 1-60 days; preferably, freezing is carried out for 1-30 days.
In one embodiment, the frozen lepidopteran larvae comprise one or more of 1 st larva at 1 day of age, 1 st larva at 2-3 days of age, and 2 th larva.
In one embodiment, the method comprises feeding the orius bugus with frozen lepidopteran larvae: the 1-2-year orius mairei is fed by using frozen lepidoptera larvae of 1-day-old 1-year larvae, and the 3-5-year orius mairei nymphs and the adults of the orius mairei are fed by using frozen lepidoptera larvae of 2-3-day-old or 2-year orius mairei.
The method mainly comprises the steps of freezing 1 st and 2 nd lepidoptera larvae, feeding the orius pollidipennis, and feeding the larvae with different low ages according to different stages of development of the orius pollidipennis; according to the difference of the food taking and intake capacities of the nymphs of the orius minutus, 1-year-old frozen larvae of 1 day old, 1-year-old frozen larvae of 2-3 days old and 2-year-old frozen larvae are fed to the orius minutus step by step, the comprehensive feeding scheme is reasonable, and the feeding effect is good.
According to the specific scheme, after lepidopterous insect adults lay eggs and hatch, feeds are provided for feeding, and the larvae are transferred to a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for freezing and storage after the larvae grow to 1-2 years old. The feed is used for feeding lepidoptera larvae, and can be purchased from the market or easily obtained host plants of lepidoptera insects such as kidney bean pods, corn leaves, cabbage leaves and the like.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises adding fresh kidney bean pods as a host and spawning substrate for the stinkbugs within the rearing container; the breeding conditions are as follows: the temperature is 24-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60 +/-10%.
In one embodiment, the method needs to add fresh kidney bean pods as the host of the orius minutus and the spawning substrate in the breeding container during the breeding of the orius minutus, and supplements and changes the feed every 2 to 3 days, wherein the breeding conditions are as follows: the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 60 +/-10 percent, and the illumination time is 14 hours.
In a particular embodiment, the method of feeding orius miri with frozen lepidopteran larvae specifically comprises: (1) in a room, breeding orius pollidipennis by utilizing the Frankliniella occidentalis to establish a stable population, pairing male and female adults in a breeding box according to the ratio of 1:1, adding fresh kidney bean pods as adult egg laying substrates, collecting the kidney bean pods with eggs after 2-3 days, and placing the kidney bean pods in a clean breeding box;
(2) incubating eggs for 2-4 days at the temperature of 24-28 ℃, the relative humidity of 60-70% and the illumination time of 14 hours, and feeding frozen lepidoptera larvae of 1-day age to nymphs of 1-2-day-old orius pollidipennis; and feeding 3-5-year-old or adult orius similis with frozen lepidoptera larvae of 2-3 days old or 2 years old.
Furthermore, the breeding container is a glass storage tank which can be obliquely placed, the length of the glass storage tank is 16cm, the width of the glass storage tank is 22cm, the height of the glass storage tank is 23cm, and the diameter of the plastic cover is 13.5 cm; a round opening with the diameter of 9cm is formed in the cover, a 120-mesh gauze is covered on the round opening, and the round opening is adhered by hot melt adhesive; laying a layer of vermiculite on the bottom of the tank, wherein the vermiculite is about 1/5 of the volume of the storage tank, so that the feeding container can be dried and dried for 2 hours at 100 ℃; after cooling, a piece of filter paper was laid over the vermiculite, separating the feeder layer from the drying layer.
Placing kidney bean pods in a feeding container on filter paper of the feeding container, preferably 6-8 kidney bean pods, and if the number of kidney bean pods is too large, the humidity in the container is too high, so that the kidney bean pods are mildewed; too little can not guarantee the humidity in the container, cause the pod to shrivel more rapidly.
Furthermore, the kidney bean pods are fresh and free of damage, and are used after being soaked, rinsed and dried by the detergent.
In one embodiment, the larvae of the lepidopteran insects used in the present invention may be obtained commercially or by artificial breeding.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of feeding, egg collection, and larva feeding of adult lepidopteran insects; preferably, the lepidopteran insects are raised and the adults are provided with honey water at a temperature of 25-28 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60% -70%.
In one embodiment, the feeding, egg laying collection and larva feeding of adult lepidopteran insects specifically comprises: (1) feeding lepidoptera insects under the conditions that the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-70% and the illumination time is 14 hours, providing honey water for adults, and providing folded filter paper strips in a feeding container as spawning carriers; (2) taking the filter paper strips once every 1-3 days, placing the filter paper strips in a plastic box, hatching eggs after 2-3 days, and feeding larvae by using lepidoptera feed or host plants; (3) and (4) breeding the larvae to 1-2 ages, transferring to a refrigerator at-20 ℃ and freezing for storage.
In one embodiment, the honey water is provided to the adult at a concentration of 5% to 10% by volume, preferably 10%.
In a specific embodiment, when raising the orius minutus, the frozen lepidopteran larvae are swept with a brush pen into a petri dish with a diameter of 3cm, and the petri dish is transferred to a raising container for feeding by the orius minutus.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the method uses frozen lepidoptera insect larvae to feed the orius pollidipennis for the first time, and replaces the traditional method for feeding the orius pollidipennis by using plant culture preys (thrips and aphids) and lepidoptera insect eggs. Compared with the scale feeding of other lepidoptera insect eggs, the technology does not need to remove scales on the surfaces of the eggs and radiate an embryo killing instrument, and the production cost is saved. In practical operation, the method is simple and easy to implement, saves time, space and labor cost, and reduces the requirements on instruments and equipment. Compared with the feeding technology using living insects (aphids and thrips), the technology has the advantages that the space required by the technology is reduced, the technical process of 'plant cultivation-living insect breeding such as aphids or thrips and raising of orius minutus' is simplified, manpower and material resources are saved, and the production cost is reduced.
(2) The invention uses the frozen lepidoptera insect larvae as the feed in a low-temperature environment, is different from the feeding of larva living bodies, avoids the defects that the lygus bugs are not easy to take and eat and the like due to strong activity of the living insects and easy development into the high-age larvae, and uses the frozen insect bodies as the feed for storage and convenient use. The method is more time-saving, labor-saving and efficient to operate.
(3) The invention has better feeding effect, ideal development condition of the orius miniatus, high adult acquisition rate, long service life, large egg laying amount and low larva mortality (the larva survival rate is 78.22-86.67%). The culture period is slightly longer than the period for feeding thrips and other lepidoptera insect eggs, mainly embodied in that the service life of the adult is longer, but the adult is favorable for field application and has stronger predation capability on pests.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 feeding and Breeding of orius mirificus Using frozen Lepidoptera insects
1. Lepidoptera insect larva breeding
The lepidoptera insect is Spodoptera frugiperda, and the Spodoptera frugiperda artificial feed is purchased from Baiyun industry Co., Ltd, economic city, Henan province, and the used artificial feed can also be replaced by lepidoptera insect host plants, such as kidney bean pods, corns, cabbages and the like.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
A. adult breeding:
breeding adults in a plastic cup with the diameter of 12cm and the height of 13cm, laying a piece of qualitative filter paper with the diameter of 10cm at the bottom, cutting the filter paper with the length of 60cm multiplied by 60cm into a strip with the width of 10cm, folding the cut filter paper into a wavy shape, placing a circle around the inner wall of the plastic cup, and cutting off redundant parts; pressing the absorbent cotton into a culture dish with the diameter of 6cm, adding 10% of honey water to provide nutrition for adults, completely wetting the absorbent cotton and ensuring that the outer wall of the culture dish is dry, and placing the culture dish in a plastic cup; placing about 20 heads (10 pairs) of the eclosion imagoes into a plastic cup, and sealing by using a 120-mesh gauze; raising at 26 deg.C under relative humidity of 60% for 14 h. When adults lay eggs, the eggs are typically laid onto filter paper and gauze. The eggs are taken every 2 days, the filter paper and the honey water are replaced, and if the eggs also exist on the gauze, the gauze is replaced.
B.1-3 instar larva breeding
Collecting eggs, placing into plastic bowl with diameter of 13.5cm and height of 8cm, adding artificial feed for Spodoptera frugiperda or kidney bean pod, hatching eggs, transferring larvae onto feed or bean pod for feeding, feeding to 3 years old, and transferring larvae into square insect-breeding box for feeding.
C.4-6 instar larva and pupa breeding
When the larvae grow to 3 years old, transferring the larvae into an insect-culturing box with the length of 35cm, the width of 23cm and the height of 11cm, and feeding the larvae with artificial feed or kidney bean pods; a layer of absorbent paper is laid in the insect breeding box in advance and is replaced in time, so that larval death caused by overhigh humidity in the insect breeding box is avoided. After the larvae grow to 6 years old, a layer of rainbow paper with the thickness of about 1cm is laid in the insect breeding box to be used as a pupation substrate. After pupation, collecting pupae in a plastic bowl with the diameter of 11.5cm and the height of 5cm, and allowing imagoes to emerge.
D. Freezing of young larvae
The frozen larvae are mainly 1 st larva of 1 day old, 1 st larva of 2-3 days old and 2 th larva. After the eggs are hatched, the larvae are respectively frozen and stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ according to the length of the larvae (the larvae can be used after being frozen to death, and are preferably used within 30 days).
2. Breeding of orius pollidipennis nymphs
Raising of nymphs at ages of A.1-2
Taking pods containing the eggs of the orius minutus, cutting beans containing the eggs by using scissors, placing the pods in a culture dish with the diameter of 9cm and sealing the pods by using a sealing film, wherein the length of the pods is not more than 8 cm. Starting hatching the orius minutus after 3 days at the temperature of 26 ℃, the relative humidity of 60% and the illumination time of 14 h; picking the hatched larvae into a culture dish with the diameter of 6cm, and shearing a section of fresh kidney bean pods with the length of about 2cm to provide water for the larvae of the orius minutus; picking the frozen 1-day old spodoptera frugiperda larvae into a culture dish by using a writing brush, and feeding the larvae in an amount which ensures that the food sources of the orius minutus are sufficient; changing bean pods and frozen spodoptera frugiperda larvae every 2 days, and observing and recording the molting condition of the orius minutus.
B.3-5-year-old nymph breeding method
The lygus pratensis grows to 3-5 years, the food taking capacity is strong, 2-year-old frozen Spodoptera frugiperda larvae can be fed, the feed and the kidney bean pods are replaced every 2 days, and the molting condition of the lygus pratensis is observed and recorded.
3. Breeding of orius miri adults
Pairing 1:1 of eclosion-treated adult small lygus bugs, feeding in a culture dish with the diameter of 9cm, shearing fresh kidney bean pods with the length of 6cm, using the pods as spawning substrates of the small lygus bugs, and providing water for the small lygus bugs. And (3) picking 20 frozen 2-instar spodoptera frugiperda larvae, replacing the feed and fresh pods every 2 days, and cleaning up small stinkbug metabolites and residual spodoptera frugiperda bodies in a culture dish. Observing whether the orius minutus lays eggs on the bean pods under a stereoscopic microscope, and collecting the orius minutus into an insect breeding container if the orius minutus lays eggs.
Comparative example 1
Selecting 1-year nymphs of the orius minutus which are incubated for 8h, dividing the nymphs into 3 groups, feeding the orius sonchiensis nymphs with 30 heads respectively by adopting 2-year nymphs of the Frankliniella occidentalis, frozen Spodoptera frugiperda eggs and frozen Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, replacing fresh kidney bean pods every day, and respectively supplementing thrips, frozen Spodoptera frugiperda eggs and larvae to ensure that the orius minutus food source is sufficient. And observing and counting the development condition of the orius minutus until emergence.
The development results of feeding orius psyllium nymphs using thrips occidentalis 2 instar nymphs, frozen spodoptera frugiperda eggs and frozen spodoptera frugiperda larvae were as follows:
table 1 effect of different foods on the developmental duration of orius similis nymphs
Note: different letters in the same column indicate that significant differences (p <0.05) exist between the southern orius bugus eating different foods.
Experimental observation shows that the nymph of the southern orius bug bred by using the frozen spodoptera frugiperda ovum has the longest development period of 12.73 days, and the nymph bug bred by using the frozen spodoptera frugiperda low-age larva as a feed has the development period of 11.65 days. When the meadow spodoptera frugiperda eggs are used for feeding the orius xianus, the development histories of 1-year, 3-year and 4-year nymphs are the longest, and particularly, the development histories of the nymphs of 3-4 years are obviously higher than those of the nymphs of western flower thrips and frozen meadow spodoptera frugiperda which are used as feeds. The yield of adult orius pollicis guenee bred by using frozen low-age larvae of the Spodoptera frugiperda can reach 86.67 percent, while the yield of adult orius pollicis guenee bred by using Spodoptera frugiperda eggs is the lowest and is 73.33 percent.
Comparative example 2
The adults within 24h of emergence were paired according to the ratio of male to female 1:1 and then raised in culture dishes. The comparative example contained 4 treatments, feeding 2 st nymphs of thrips occidentalis, frozen spodoptera frugiperda eggs, low-age live larvae of spodoptera frugiperda and frozen low-age larvae of spodoptera frugiperda, replacing fresh kidney bean pods and food daily, and counting the number of eggs laid by the small stinkbugs under a stereomicroscope until all the larvae were dead. And respectively counting the service lives of the female and male stinkbug under each treatment, and the pre-spawning period, the spawning period and the spawning amount of the stinkbug under each treatment. The results of the study are as follows:
TABLE 2 Effect of different foods on the growth and development of orius miniatus adults
Note: different letters in the same column indicate that significant differences (p <0.05) exist between the southern orius bugus eating different foods.
Experimental observation shows that the frozen Spodoptera frugiperda low-age larvae are used for feeding the orius pollidipennis, the service lives of female insects and male insects are longer than that of the orius pollidipennis fed by other three foods, the egg laying period of the orius pollidipennis fed by the Spodoptera frugiperda low-age larvae reaches 14.40 days, and the egg laying period is obviously longer than that of the orius pollidipennis fed by other three foods. In addition, the oviposition amount of the southern orius raised by the small-age larvae of the frankliniella occidentalis and the frozen spodoptera frugiperda is not remarkably different, but is remarkably higher than that of the small-age living larvae of the spodoptera frugiperda and the frozen spodoptera frugiperda.
Comparative example 3: effect of feeding orius pollidipennis with other Lepidoptera moth eggs
TABLE 3 Effect of feeding orius pollicis using other Lepidoptera eggs
Note: the comparative example data is from reported literature. 1 :Ali S,Zhu Q,Jaleel W,Rehman SU,Rasheed MA,Khan MM,Islam Y,Hafeez M,Zhou X.2020.Determination of fitness traits of Orius strigicollis Poppius(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)on Pectinophora gossypiella(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)using two-sex life table analysis.PeerJ 8:e9594 DOI 10.7717/peerj.9594. 2 :Tuan S.J.,Yang C.M.,Chung Y.T.,Lai W.H.,Ding H.Y.,Saska P.,Peng S.C.,2016.Comparison of demographic parameters and predation rates of Orius strigicollis(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)fed on eggs of Tetranychus urticae(Acari:Tetranychidae)and Cadra cautella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Journal of Economic Entomology,109(4):1529-1538.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for raising and breeding orius mirificus is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) feeding and breeding the orius pollidipennis by using the frozen lepidoptera insects.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lepidopteran insect is a moth-type lepidopteran insect; preferably, the moth lepidopteran insect is a noctuidae lepidopteran insect.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the lepidopteran insect is spodoptera frugiperda.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the frozen lepidopteran insects are frozen lepidopteran larvae; preferably, the frozen lepidopteran larvae are larvae which are frozen after the larvae develop to 1-2 years old.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the freezing conditions are: freezing at-20 deg.C for 1-60 days; preferably, freezing is carried out for 1-30 days.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the frozen lepidopteran larvae comprise at least one of 1 st larvae at 1 st day, 1 st larvae at 2-3 th day, and 2 nd larvae.
7. The method of claim 1, comprising feeding 1-2 instar southern orius with 1 day old, 1 instar frozen lepidopteran larvae, and feeding 3-5 instar southern orius nymphs and adult southern orius bugus with 2-3 or 2 instar frozen lepidopteran larvae.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising using fresh kidney bean pods as hosts and spawning ground substance for the stinkbugs in the rearing container; the breeding conditions are as follows: the temperature is 24-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60 +/-10%.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising the steps of feeding, egg-laying collection, and larva feeding of lepidopteran insect adults; preferably, the lepidoptera adult insects are fed with honey water at a temperature of 25-28 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60-70%.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the volume concentration of the hydromel is 5-10%, preferably 10%.
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| CN107279475A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-24 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of method using the prey artificial feeding predatism stinkbug kept in cold storage |
| CN109566541A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method and application of Similis oviposition medium |
| CN110463666A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-19 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Expanding propagation method in Similis room |
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| JP2003079271A (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-18 | Chiba Prefecture | Biological pesticide and method of proliferating natural enemy insect therefor |
| CN103960204A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-06 | 青岛农业大学 | Method for feeding lepidopteron |
| CN107279475A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-24 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of method using the prey artificial feeding predatism stinkbug kept in cold storage |
| CN109566541A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method and application of Similis oviposition medium |
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