CN110583582B - Packaging and storage method of chrysopa perla product - Google Patents
Packaging and storage method of chrysopa perla product Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583582B CN110583582B CN201910652567.XA CN201910652567A CN110583582B CN 110583582 B CN110583582 B CN 110583582B CN 201910652567 A CN201910652567 A CN 201910652567A CN 110583582 B CN110583582 B CN 110583582B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a packaging and storage method of a chrysopa perla product. Selecting a proper packaging method according to the growth stage of the chrysopa perla, packaging chrysopa perla eggs in a three-dimensional paper card type, packaging chrysopa perla larvae in a bottle type, packaging chrysopa perla cocoons in a three-dimensional paper card type or a bottle type, and packaging chrysopa perla adults in a box type. The storage method comprises short-term refrigeration storage and/or long-term diapause storage. The invention realizes simple, convenient, quick and efficient packaging and effective storage of the lacewing fly products in various insect states, obviously improves the shelf life of the products, increases the product reserve volume, reduces the packaging, transportation and storage cost, is beneficial to realizing standardized large-scale production of the lacewing flies throughout the year, can be used for preventing and controlling various aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, pest mites, lepidoptera eggs, low-age larvae and other agricultural and forestry pests, and meets the biological prevention and control requirements of facility vegetables, fields, orchards, flowers and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests, and particularly relates to a packaging and storage method of chrysopa perla products.
Background
Aphids are major pests in the world agriculture and forestry production, are a world wide-spread group, and are widely distributed in China, wherein the aphids are more densely distributed in provinces such as Liaoning, Hebei, Gansu, Xinjiang, Beijing, Yunnan and Taiwan. The aphids have wide host range, large occurrence quantity, high propagation speed and serious generation overlap, can damage plants by means of food taking, honeydew pollution, virus propagation and the like, cause plant growth retardation and wilting, induce various virus diseases, black mold and the like, cause plant organ damage and nutrition loss, can cause plant death in serious cases, cause plant diseases to occur and prevail, and cause great economic loss in agricultural production. For a long time, aphids are mainly prevented and controlled by systemic chemical insecticides, but the pesticide resistance of the aphids is enhanced due to the long-term overuse of the pesticides, the pesticide consumption is continuously increased, and a plurality of food safety problems are also caused. Therefore, the development of green biological prevention and control of aphids, especially in the production of ecological agriculture, organic agriculture and pollution-free green agricultural products, controls the damage of the aphids through natural enemy insects and the like, is not only beneficial to reducing the use amount of chemical pesticides, protecting the environment, maintaining ecological balance and protecting biological diversity, but also has great significance for promoting agricultural sustainable development and improving the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of agricultural production.
The natural enemy insects of the aphids are various and comprise green lacewing, ladybug, aphidfly, aphidiidae and the like. The green lacewing is an important predatory natural enemy for preventing and controlling aphids, is wide in distribution and various in types, can prey on aphids by larvae and most adults, has large predation amount, long predation period and high reproductive capacity, has obvious prevention and control effects on various aphids such as peach aphids, soybean aphids, pea aphids, wheat aphids and radish aphids, can prevent and control whiteflies, thrips, leaf mites, scale insects and the like in fields, orchards, gardening and greenhouses, and plays an irreplaceable important role in agriculture and forestry production.
Chrysopa formosa is an excellent predatory natural enemy insect, and becomes one of the species with high utilization value in chrysopaceae due to the advantages of wide diet, large food intake, high spawning amount, long service life, easy artificial propagation and the like. The chrysopa perla is mainly distributed in Europe and Asia regions, is widely distributed in China and belongs to local dominant species. The larvae and adults of the chrysopa perla can prey, can control the pests such as pea tailbiting aphids, peach aphids, soybean aphids, cereal aphids and the like, as well as whitefly, scale insects, thrips, mites, lepidoptera eggs, low-age larvae and the like, and has obvious effect on controlling the pests such as field crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and the like. In view of the excellent biocontrol ability of the chrysopa perla, a standardized efficient propagation technology of the chrysopa perla is developed, and the chrysopa perla products are produced in a large scale, so that the chrysopa perla has important significance for preventing and controlling various pests in agriculture and forestry in China. However, at present, few research reports about the large-scale breeding technology of lacewing lacewings at home and abroad are reported, and various technical links related to the production of lacewing lacewings, such as product storage, packaging, transportation and the like, still need to be researched and improved, so how to save cost and propagate a large amount of lacewing lacewings is a problem which needs to be solved in production.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for packaging and storing chrysopa perla products, which realizes simple, convenient and quick packaging, economic and effective storage, standardized annual mass production of chrysopa perla and meets the field application requirements by optimizing the packaging method, the storage conditions and the like of the chrysopa perla products.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a packaging method of chrysopa perla products, wherein chrysopa perla is divided into chrysopa perla eggs, chrysopa perla larvae, chrysopa perla cocoon internal pupae and chrysopa perla imagoes according to growth stages; selecting a packaging mode according to the growth stage of the chrysopa perla; the chrysopa perla eggs are packaged in a three-dimensional paper card mode, chrysopa perla larvae are packaged in a bottle mode, chrysopa perla cocoons (such as chrysopa perla in-vivo pupa and chrysopa perla in-vivo pupa) are packaged in a three-dimensional paper card mode or a bottle mode, and chrysopa perla adults are packaged in a box mode.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the proper packaging mode is selected according to different growth stages of the chrysopa perla, so that survival and propagation of the chrysopa perla are facilitated, the product quality is ensured, the product storage, transportation and release application are facilitated, and the production cost is reduced.
Further, the method for packaging the chrysopa perla eggs in a three-dimensional paper card type comprises the following steps: shearing off Chrysopa perla ovum from ovum handle, collecting, lightly sweeping Chrysopa perla ovum to two sides of foldable and embedded into ridge-shaped three-dimensional paper card adhered with double-sided adhesive tape, according to per 12cm2The double-sided adhesive tape is placed with the proportion of 800-1000 eggs for packaging, and the total number of the eggs of each three-dimensional paper card is 1600-2000 eggs.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the method of adopting the three-dimensional paper card type package is beneficial to saving the package space, is easy to transport, hang and release, protects the eggs from being damaged, and ensures the survival and the development of the eggs. The number of eggs of the egg card is 1600-2000, which is beneficial to fully utilizing the space and reducing the packaging cost, if the number of eggs is too large, crowding is easily caused, the hatching rate and survival problems are influenced, and if the number of eggs is too small, the problem of packaging space waste is easily caused.
Further, the bottle type packaging method for the chrysopa perla larvae comprises the following steps: selecting Chrysopa perla larvae with consistent development age period, packaging, placing Chrysopa perla larvae in transparent plastic bottle filled with buckwheat shell or rice shell, arranging air holes in the middle of bottle cap and covering with nylon gauze, and allowing larvae of 1 st age to grow at a rate of 400cm per year3The bottle is packed with 400-grade 1-instar larvae in the volume ratio, and the 2-instar larvae are packed in every 400cm3The bottle is packed with 200-grade and 300-grade 2-instar larvae, and the 3-instar larvae are packed according to the proportion of every 400cm3The bottle volume is placed at the ratio of 100-200 larvae at 3 rd age for packaging.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the bottle type packaging method is simple, economical and convenient, is beneficial to larva storage, transportation and field release, and protects the larva from being damaged. The middle of the bottle cap is provided with an air hole and is covered by a nylon gauze to facilitate ventilation and guarantee the breathing of the lacewing larvae. The proper package of the number of the larvae is beneficial to fully utilizing the space and preventing the larvae from killing each other. The buffer material, i.e. buckwheat or rice husk, is filled in an appropriate amount to reduce the impact.
Further, the method for packaging the chrysopa perla cocoons by adopting the three-dimensional paper card comprises the following steps: collecting Lihao sandfly cocoons, lightly sweeping Lihao sandfly cocoons to two sides of a three-dimensional paper card stuck with double-sided adhesive to manufacture cocoon cards, wherein each 12cm of cocoon cards is used2Placing the cocoon cards in a proportion of 50-70 cocoons for packaging; or the method for packing the chrysopa perla cocoons in a bottle type comprises the following steps: placing Chrysopa perla cocoon in transparent plastic bottle filled with buckwheat shell at a ratio of 400cm3Bottle volume placement 500-1And packaging at a ratio of 000 cocoons.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the packing mode is simple, economical and convenient, is favorable for saving cost, is convenient for product storage, transportation and release application, and the proper cocoon filling amount is favorable for fully utilizing space, ensuring the quality of cocoons and preventing the cocoons from being damaged due to over crowding.
Further, the method for packing chrysopa perla adults in boxes comprises the following steps: newly emerged chrysopa perla adults are collected into a transparent container in a centralized way, 15-20 air holes are uniformly arranged on a cover of the container, crisscross kraft paper is placed in the container to be used as isolation, and the container is packaged according to the proportion that 150 adults can be contained in each 1000mL container.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the proper quantity of air holes is beneficial to ventilation and air exchange, the normal survival of the chrysopa perla adults is ensured, the isolation is beneficial to preventing the chrysopa perla from killing each other, the proper insect loading is beneficial to preventing crowding, the chrysopa perla moves freely, and the packaging space can be fully utilized.
The invention provides a method for storing chrysopa perla products, which comprises short-term refrigeration storage and/or long-term diapause storage.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: when the quantity of the chrysopa perla products is far higher than the actual application requirement, the redundant chrysopa perla can be subjected to short-term refrigeration storage or long-term diapause storage in a cocoon form according to the actual requirement.
Further, the short-term cold storage condition is 8-10 deg.C, and the maximum storage period is 30-60 days.
Further, when short-term cold-stored storage, put into the insect-breeding box littleleaf brad cocoon 8 days of cocooning, it is: the number of cocoons placed in each 800mL insect-raising box is 2000-3000.
The method has the beneficial effects that: the normal-development chrysopa perla is stored in a cocoon state in a short-term refrigeration mode, can be taken at any time, can emerge into adults in a short-term after the refrigeration is finished and transferred to a normal development condition, meets the production requirement of periodic interval continuous type propagation expansion, or stores a large amount of chrysopa perla products in a short-term for concentrated release application.
Further, the method for long-term diapause storage comprises the following steps: collecting newly laid eggs within 24 hours after the newly emerged imagoes begin to lay eggs, placing the newly laid eggs in a larva feeding box, culturing under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L:8D, RH 70%, feeding the larvae after the eggs are hatched, transferring the larvae to the condition of 20 ℃ and 8L:16D, RH 70% for induced diapause when the larvae grow to the end stage of 1 year, timely feeding aphids according to the appetite and the development condition of the chrysopa perla everyday, collecting newly formed cocoons day by day after the old larvae of the chrysopa perla gregaria begin to cocoon, placing the newly formed cocoons at 10 ℃ for 2 days, transferring the cocoons to the condition of 4-6 ℃, humidity 70-80% and darkness for storage.
Further, when newly laid eggs are placed in a larva raising box, the laying rate is 6000cm3The feeding box is provided with 80-100 eggs in proportion.
The method has the beneficial effects that: the inventor finds that the density of different egg granules has a remarkable influence on the pupa obtaining rate in research, and the number of individuals capable of normally pupating and cocooning is gradually reduced along with the increase of the larva breeding density. When the egg particle density is too high, the larva seriously kills each other and the pupa obtaining rate is reduced. The factors of space utilization rate and pupa obtaining rate are comprehensively considered, the ratio is the optimal ratio, if the feeding quantity is small, the space utilization rate is low, the feeding quantity is increased to cause overcrowding, the self-mutilation rate of the larvae is increased, and the number of the finally obtained cocoons is also reduced.
The long-term diapause storage method can ensure that the chrysopa perla cocoons are safely stored for 60-360 days, even more than 1 year, the shelf life of the product is improved by 6-10 times, the eclosion rate of the stored cocoons after diapause removal can still reach more than 82%, the storage period and the reserve capacity of the chrysopa perla products can be obviously improved by using the method, and the commercial production and the long-term wide application of the chrysopa perla are promoted.
The sand fly of the present invention can be obtained by breeding the sand fly as follows.
The invention also provides a method for feeding chrysopa perla by adopting aphids, wherein the chrysopa perla is fed by taking the pea aphid tailorae as a prey under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L:8D, RH 70%; the chrysopa perla is divided into chrysopa perla eggs, chrysopa perla larvae, chrysopa perla pupae in chrysopa perla cocoons and chrysopa perla imagoes according to the growth stage; the breeding method of the chrysopa perla comprises the following steps: collecting and hatching chrysopa perla eggs, breeding chrysopa perla larva groups, collecting mature larvae to pupate to form chrysopa perla cocoons, eclosion and breeding chrysopa perla adults.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for breeding the chrysopa perla by using the pea tailed aphids as preys has the advantages of short propagation expanding period, no seasonal limitation on production, high space utilization rate, high yield, simple, convenient and quick operation process, standard and standard, low cost and the like. Thereby realizing the high-quality and high-efficiency perennial production of the chrysopa perla and promoting the commercial production and the wide application of the chrysopa perla.
Further, the method for collecting and hatching chrysopa perla eggs comprises the following steps: continuously feeding adult green aphids with peas under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L:8D (16 hours of light illumination in the daytime and 8 hours of darkness at night) to establish a stable population; collecting new eggs every day at regular time from the day of laying eggs of newly eclosion imago, placing the eggs in a box body of a feeding box with a folding filter paper strip laid at the bottom, and arranging the eggs at a rate of 6000cm3The breeding box is provided with 80-100 eggs in proportion, the box cover of the breeding box is provided with through holes and covered by a nylon gauze, and the nylon gauze is provided with air holes; then hatching and culturing under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L of 8D, RH70 +/-5 percent; generally, a large number of chrysopa perla eggs hatch into 1-year larvae after 4-5 days, enough aphids are fed regularly every day after 1-year larvae hatch, and 30-80 aphids are fed to each larva per day on average.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the setting of folding filter paper strip can prevent that green lacewing larva from killing each other. The ventilation holes and the nylon gauze cover can ensure the air circulation, which is beneficial to the breeding of the chrysopa perla eggs. The newly hatched larvae have small food consumption, and the requirement of growth and development can be met by feeding proper aphids.
Further, the method for breeding the chrysopa perla larva population comprises the following steps: every 2-instar larva is fed with 150 aphids of 100-; and ensure the clean feeding environment.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the feed amount of 1-year larvae is gradually increased along with the growth and development of the larvae, and the feed amount of aphids needs to be increased according to the feeding condition of the larvae on the previous day. The food consumption of 2-3 instar larvae is suddenly increased, and after enough broad bean seedlings with aphids are supplemented every day, residues such as plant residual branches and aphid corpses in the feeding box need to be cleaned in time, so that the feeding environment is clean, and the situation that the humidity in the box is too high to generate mildew is prevented. Under the above breeding conditions, the growth of larvae is facilitated, and only 8-10 days are needed for the larvae from 1 st to 3 rd.
Further, the method for forming the chrysopa perla cocoons by intensively pupating the aged larvae comprises the following steps: ensuring nutrition, and when 3-instar larvae in cocoons go through a pre-pupation stage and then grow to pupae, judging the standard of pupation, namely when black ecdysis is visible at the tail end of the cocoons, the pre-pupation grows to pupae, and the stage takes about 5-8 days; after the mature larva begins to form cocoons, newly formed chrysopa perla cocoons are collected day by day and transferred into a new feeding box, and the collection date and the number are marked for product packaging or propagation expansion.
Further, the method for eclosion and breeding of the chrysopa perla adults comprises the following steps: placing newly collected Chrysopa septempunctata in an insect cage for centralized emergence at 26 + -1 deg.C and 16L at 8D, wherein each emergence length is 216000cm3400-500 cocoons are placed in the insect cage with the volume, and the chrysopa perla cocoons are placed in the insect cage with the volume according to the proportion; enabling chrysopa perla to begin to eclose into adults 8-10 days after pupation, and enabling newly-eclosion adults to lay eggs 4-6 days after full feeding; a pot of broad bean seedlings with aphids are placed in a rearing cage for adult insects to lay eggs, the placed broad bean seedlings are 10-12 days old, each seedling carries 50-80 aphids, and after enough chrysopa perla eggs are collected, the chrysopa perla eggs are transferred into a new rearing cage to wait for egg hatching or are used for egg particle collection to manufacture egg cards, and meanwhile, the new broad bean seedlings with aphids are replaced for adult insects to lay eggs.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: adults have phototaxis and generally prefer to gather at the top of the cage near the light source. A pot of broad bean seedlings with aphids are placed in the rearing cage for adult oviposition, and the placed broad bean seedlings are 10-12 days old, so that the adult green lacewing chrysopidae can inhabit, supplement nutrition and lay eggs; the aphid carrying amount is preferably 50-80 aphids carried by each seedling, and the green lacewing is not willing to lay eggs on the green lacewing when the aphid carrying amount is too much.
The invention provides a device for breeding chrysopa perla, which comprises a box body and a box cover; the top of the box body is provided with an opening, and a folding filter paper strip is arranged inside the box body; the box cover is covered on the top of the box body, the box cover is provided with a through hole, a gauze is covered at the position of the through hole, and the gauze is provided with air holes.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the folding filter paper strips are beneficial to inhabitation of chrysopa perla larvae, prevent the larvae from killing each other, provide a place for cocooning and pupating the larvae, the gauze with the air holes is beneficial to ventilation, and the situation that the humidity in the breeding box is too large to generate mildew and influence the chrysopa perla growth and development is prevented.
The aphid for breeding chrysopa perla can be obtained by the following breeding method: (1) broad beans are selected as host plants for expanding propagation of pea aphid tailorae, and seedling is carried out; (2) inoculating aphid and propagating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method realizes the high-quality, high-efficiency, simple, convenient and economic standardized large-scale production of the pea aphid tailorae all year round. Broad beans are selected as host plants for expanding propagation of pea aphid tailorae, which is beneficial to improving the yield of the pea aphid tailorae.
Further, in the step (1), broad beans of which the variety is a natural king are selected as host plants, and the seedling raising method comprises the following steps: placing sterilized vermiculite into seedling raising pot at 25 + -1 deg.C and photoperiod of 16L:8D, screening large and plump broad bean seeds, uniformly spreading on the vermiculite per 600cm2Sowing 200-flavored 220-grain broad beans, growing seedlings, and uniformly spreading a layer of vermiculite (preferably vermiculite just submerges the broad bean seeds) on the broad bean seeds, preferably vermiculite just submerges the broad bean seeds; watering to keep the surface of vermiculite wet, and culturing.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the inventor selects broad beans of which the varieties are natural king as host plants through screening, the broad bean seeds of the varieties have the advantages of fullness, high germination rate, regular emergence of seedlings, aphid preference, high aphid carrying amount and the like, are excellent host plants for expanding propagation of the pea tailbiting aphids, and are beneficial to ensuring the yield of the pea tailbiting aphids. In the step (1), proper temperature and illumination conditions are favorable for quick germination of broad bean seeds, uniform and strong germination, early branching of seedlings and quick and vigorous growth. The proper number of the sowed seeds is beneficial to balancing nutrition, ensures the nutrient supply of each seed, enables the broad bean seedlings to develop strongly, and increases the number of branches and leaves.
Further, the aphid inoculation and propagation in the step (2) comprises the following steps: carrying out primary aphid inoculation when the height of a broad bean seedling reaches 7-9cm 7-8 days after broad bean sowing under the conditions of 25 +/-1 ℃ and a light cycle of 16L:8D, wherein the aphid inoculation amount is 4-6 aphids per seedling; if the aphid quantity is less, second aphid inoculation can be carried out 2-3 days after the first aphid inoculation, and the aphid inoculation quantity is 10-15 aphids per seedling; and (3) aphids are distributed on the front and back surfaces of the stems and the leaves of the broad bean seedlings for 15-18 days, the aphid carrying amount of each broad bean seedling is about 300-.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: in the step (2), the broad bean seedlings generate resistance reaction to aphids through first aphid inoculation. And the second aphid inoculation aims at increasing the aphid inoculation base number and promoting the rapid and large-scale propagation of aphids. The method has the advantages that the appropriate aphid inoculation time is selected, the growth and development of the broad bean seedlings and the aphids are balanced, if the aphids are inoculated too early, the broad bean seedlings grow slowly and even wither to die, the aphids cannot propagate in large quantity due to insufficient nutrition, and if the aphids are inoculated too late, the aphids do not like to eat the aged broad bean seedlings, escape, poor colonization performance, incapability of establishing populations and the like are caused. The selection of the appropriate aphid inoculation amount is beneficial to ensuring the nutrition supply of the broad bean seedlings, so that the aphid carrying amount of a single plant and the individual size of aphids are maintained in the appropriate range, the propagation efficiency is improved, and the production cost is saved. If the aphid inoculation amount is too large, the aphid carrying amount of a single broad bean seedling is too high, the density is too high, the aphid individual becomes small, the number of winged aphids is increased, and the problem of migratory flight and escape is caused; if the aphid inoculation amount is too small, the aphid population base number is low, the broad bean seedlings grow too fast, the aphid yield is low, the aphid propagation efficiency is low, and the like. During the growth and development of broad bean seedlings and aphid inoculation, the broad bean seedlings are watered in time according to the indoor temperature and humidity conditions and the humidity degree of vermiculite in the seedling culture pot, so that the growth of the broad bean seedlings and the aphid propagation are prevented from being influenced by water shortage.
Further, the method also comprises a step (3) of aphid batch propagation, and the operation method comprises the following steps: repeating the operations of seedling raising, aphid inoculation and aphid propagation every 3-5 days for one batch.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: the arrangement of the step (3) can realize continuous batch type propagation, and provide sufficient and stable aphid supply amount for propagation of natural enemy insects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a large-scale propagation process of chrysopa perla according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the eclosion rate of chrysopa perla diapauzing cocoons after storage at 4-6 ℃ for various periods of time.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for feeding, packaging and storing a chrysopa perla product. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of: 1) and (3) carrying out scale breeding on the chrysopa perla: the green fly breeding method comprises the following steps of taking pea tailed aphids as preys to breed chrysopa perla, dividing the breeding process into concentrated hatching and collection of chrysopa perla eggs, larva breeding, concentrated pupation of aged larvae to collect chrysopa perla cocoons, adult colony breeding and the like, and performing field release application according to actual needs; the centralized hatching of the eggs is to collect the eggs laid by the chrysopidae within 24h in a transparent plastic box and place the eggs in an incubator for hatching. The larva breeding and pupation means that after eggs are hatched into larvae, enough silkworm seedlings with aphids are added into a breeding box every day until the larvae pupate and cocoons. The adult colony breeding means that the chrysopidae cocoons are intensively placed in an insect breeding cage for colony breeding, and freely mate and lay eggs. 2) Packaging of chrysopa perla in each insect state: the eggs are packed in a three-dimensional paper card type, the larvae are packed in a bottle type, the cocoons are packed in a three-dimensional paper card type or a bottle type, and the imago box type is packed. 3) And (3) storage of chrysopa perla commercial cocoons: and (4) carrying out short-term refrigeration storage and long-term diapause storage on commercial cocoons. The invention realizes the high-quality, high-efficiency, simple, convenient and economic standardized large-scale production of aphids and green lacewings throughout the year, can be used for preventing and treating various agricultural and forestry pests such as aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, mites, lepidoptera eggs, low-age larvae and the like, and meets the biological prevention and treatment requirements of facility vegetables, fields, orchards, flowers and the like.
Further description is provided below by way of specific examples.
In the examples, the aphid tailed pea was collected from a field pea field in Kunming, Yunnan province. The chrysopa perla is collected from cotton fields in the institute of plant protection, shelter, scientific research base of the academy of agricultural sciences, China. Embodiments for reiterating applications are available to the public.
Example 1 Scale propagation of pea aphids tailorae
1.1 host plant cultivation
After screening, broad beans of which the varieties are natural king are selected as host plants for expanding propagation of pea tailbiting aphids, the broad beans of the varieties are full in seeds, high in germination rate, regular in emergence of seedlings, favorite for aphids and high in aphid carrying amount, and are excellent host plants for expanding propagation of pea tailbiting aphids.
The specific steps for feeding aphids on a large scale by using broad bean seedlings are as follows: under the conditions of indoor temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and photoperiod of 16L:8D (16 hours of illumination in daytime and 8 hours of darkness at night), putting sterilized vermiculite with the thickness of about 2.5cm into a seedling raising pot (30 multiplied by 20 multiplied by 10cm) with 24 holes, flattening the vermiculite to ensure that the vermiculite is filled slightly and tightly, screening large and full broad bean seeds, and uniformly spreading the seeds on the vermiculite every 600cm in each pot2Sowing 200-220 horsebeans for seedling culture, and uniformly spreading vermiculite with a thickness of about 2cm on the horsebean seeds (preferably the horsebean seeds are just submerged by the vermiculite). Placing the seedling raising pot in a plastic tray (34 × 26 × 3cm), pouring a proper amount of water to uniformly wet vermiculite (excessive watering is not needed, seeds are prevented from rotting), finally placing the seedling raising pot and the tray on a multilayer insect culture rack (1.5 × 0.5 × 3.0m) for cultivation, and watering a small amount of water according to the dryness and humidity of vermiculite before the broad bean seedlings sprout so as to keep the surface layer of the vermiculite wet.
1.2 aphid inoculation and propagation
In the indoor conditions of 25 +/-1 ℃ and a photoperiod of 16L:8D, emergence of seedlings is required about 4-6 days after broad bean sowing, first aphid inoculation (pea tailbiting aphid) is carried out when the height of a broad bean seedling reaches 7-9cm after 7-8 days, and the aphid inoculation amount is 4-6 aphids per seedling, so that the broad bean seedling generates resistance reaction to aphids; if the aphid amount after the first aphid inoculation is less, carrying out the second aphid inoculation 2-3 days after the first aphid inoculation, wherein the aphid inoculation amount is 10-15 aphids per seedling; after about 15 days, aphids can be distributed on the front and back surfaces of the stems and the leaves of the broad bean seedlings, the aphid carrying amount of each broad bean seedling is about 300-. During the growth and development of the broad bean seedlings and aphid inoculation, the broad bean seedlings are timely watered according to the indoor temperature and humidity conditions and the humidity degree of vermiculite in the seedling culture pot, so that the growth of the broad bean seedlings and the aphid propagation are prevented from being influenced by water shortage.
1.3 batch propagation of aphids
Repeating the operations of seedling raising, aphid inoculation and aphid propagation for one batch every 3-5 days, namely: and 3 days after the first batch of seedlings are raised, carrying out second batch of seedlings, and carrying out the following operations in the steps 1.1 and 1.2 to realize continuous batch type propagation and provide sufficient and stable aphid supply for propagation of natural enemy insects.
Example 2 Scale propagation of chrysopa perla
2.1 management and hatching of chrysopa perla eggs
Adult insects are placed in an insect breeding cage (60 multiplied by 60cm) under the conditions of indoor temperature of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L:8D and are continuously bred by pea aphid tailorae to establish a stable population. Collecting new eggs every day at regular time from the day of laying eggs of newly eclosion imago, placing the eggs in a breeding box (30cm multiplied by 20cm multiplied by 10cm) with a folding filter paper strip (30cm multiplied by 1.5cm long and 1.5cm wide) laid at the bottom for preventing the self-killing of chrysopa perla larvae. As shown in fig. 1, the feeding box comprises a box body 1 and a box cover 2; the top of the box body 1 is opened, and a folding filter paper strip 3 is arranged inside the box body 1; the box cover 2 is covered on the top of the box body 1; a rectangular through hole (20cm multiplied by 12cm) is cut in the middle of a box cover 2 of the feeding box and is covered by a gauze 4 made of 60-mesh nylon, and the gauze 4 is provided with air holes to ensure air circulation. Placing 80-100 eggs in each box, placing the above breeding boxes in an incubator, and incubating the eggs together under conditions of 26 + -1 deg.C and 16L:8D, RH70 + -5%. Generally, a large number of chrysopa perla eggs hatch into 1-year larvae after 4-6 days, enough aphids are fed regularly every day after 1-year larvae hatch, newly hatched larvae have small food consumption, and the growth and development requirements can be met by feeding 30-80 aphids per day on average for each larva.
2.2 Breeding of chrysopa perla larvae
The feed amount of 1-year larvae is gradually increased along with the growth and development of the larvae, and the feed amount of aphids needs to be increased according to the feeding condition of the larvae on the previous day. Generally, 150 aphids are fed to 2-instar larvae per day on average, and 200 larvae are fed to 3-instar larvae per day on average. The food consumption of 2-3 instar larvae is suddenly increased, and after enough broad bean seedlings with aphids are supplemented every day, residues such as plant residual branches and aphid corpses in the feeding box need to be cleaned in time, so that the feeding environment is clean, and the situation that the humidity in the box is too high to generate mildew is prevented. Under the above breeding conditions, it takes about 8-10 days for 1 st larva to develop into 3 rd aged larva.
2.3 centralized pupation of aged larva
The 3 rd aged larvae are dark brown to gray black, the food intake is reduced, the actions are slow, after enough nutrition is obtained, hidden positions are searched for cocooning, the larvae can be cocooning in the grooves of the folding filter paper strips 3, dried branches and leaves and the bottoms of the feeding boxes generally, the 3 rd aged larvae firstly develop into pupae through a pupa pre-stage in the cocoons, the standard for judging the pupation is that when a group of black molts are visible at the tail ends of the cocoons, the pupae can be developed into pupae, and the period is about 5-8 days. After the mature larva begins to form cocoons, newly formed cocoons are collected day by day and transferred into a new feeding box, and the collection date and the number are marked for product packaging or propagation.
2.4 adult eclosion and egg particle Collection
Newly collected chrysopa perla cocoons are placed in insect raising cages (60 multiplied by 60cm) for centralized emergence under the conditions of indoor temperature of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L:8D, and 500 cocoons are placed in each cage. The chrysopa perla pupate begins to emerge into adult insects after about 8-10 days, and the newly emerged adult insects can lay eggs after being fully eaten for about 4-6 days. Adults have phototaxis and generally prefer to gather at the top of the cage near the light source. Laying egg medium is placed in the rearing cage for allowing the chrysopa perla to lay eggs in a centralized manner, meanwhile, a pot of silkworm bean seedlings with aphids are placed for the adult to supplement nutrition, inhabit and lay eggs, the silkworm bean seedlings are about 10-12 days old, the aphid carrying amount is not too large, 50-80 heads of aphids carried by each seedling are preferably used, and the chrysopa perla is not favored to lay eggs on the seedlings when the aphid carrying amount is too large. After a large amount of eggs are collected on the egg laying medium in the rearing cage, the eggs are transferred into a new rearing cage to be incubated or used for egg collection to manufacture egg cards, and meanwhile, the new egg laying medium is replaced for adult eggs to lay.
Example 3 packaging and storage of Liqing product
According to the production requirements, on the premise of ensuring the conventional propagation of the chrysopa perla, the produced chrysopa perla eggs, larvae, cocoons and adults can be used for preventing and controlling various aphids, pest mites, thrips, scale insects, lepidoptera pests and the like in the field. For facilitating the transportation and application of the product, the chrysopa perla insect-shaped product needs to be packaged and then used, and the packaging method is as follows.
3.1 packaging of chrysopa perla eggs
The method comprises the steps of cutting off the chrysopa perla eggs from egg stalks, collecting the eggs in a glass culture dish (diameter is 9cm), slightly sweeping the eggs to the two sides of a rectangular three-dimensional paper card (length is 13cm, width is 4cm) which is pasted with double-sided adhesive tapes (length is 4cm, width is 3cm) and can be folded and embedded into a ridge shape by using a thin and soft brush, leaving a round small hole with the diameter of 2cm at the top of the paper card for hanging, and after the double-sided adhesive tapes are uniformly adhered with the eggs, recovering redundant eggs into the glass culture dish. The ovum of chrysopa perla is about 1mm, and the ratio of ovum size to ovum card area is 12cm2The number of eggs placed on the egg card is 800-2When the egg card contains 1000 eggs, the space can be fully utilized, and each egg can be ensured to be stably stuck on the egg card. In conclusion, the optimum packing density of the chrysopa perla eggs is 12cm2The number of eggs placed in the egg card is 800-1000. The prepared egg cards are uniformly placed in packaging boxes (with the length of 20cm, the width of 10cm and the height of 8cm), and 40 egg cards are placed in each box. The packaged chrysopa perla eggs can be directly transported to the field for release application, or can be stored for a short time at the temperature of 8-10 ℃.
3.2 packaging of chrysopa perla larvae
The chrysopa perla larvae are divided into 3 instars of 1 instar larvae, 2 instar larvae and 3 instar larvae, when products are packaged, the larvae with consistent development instar are selected to be packaged respectively, the larvae are placed in transparent plastic bottles (12 cm in height and 6.5cm in diameter) filled with buckwheat or rice hulls, the middle of each bottle cap is provided with an air hole with the diameter of 3cm and covered with nylon gauze, as shown in table 1, different packaging quantities are set according to different instars respectively, and the influence of different packaging densities on the survival rate of the larvae in the same instar is observed.
As shown in Table 1, when the chrysopa perla is in the 1 st larva stage, the individual is small, the packing density is less than 500 heads, and the survival rate is over 90 percent, but when the packing density is 600 heads, the self-survival rate is increased, and the survival rate is obviously reduced. However, when the packing density is 300, the space of the packing bottle is not fully utilized, so that the packing density of 1 instar larva is preferably 400-. When the chrysopa perla is in the 2-year larva stage, the average survival rate of the larvae decreases along with the increase of the packing density, and when the density is increased to 400 heads per bottle, the survival rate is only 79.08 percent. When the chrysopa perla is in a 3-year larva stage, the chrysopa perla is large, the self-mutilation rate is increased, and the survival rates of the chrysopa perla at the packing densities of 100, 200 and 300 are respectively 94%, 92% and 82.78%.
The inventors have conducted a number of screening experiments to unexpectedly screen out a suitable packing density for each age, i.e. per 400cm3The volume of the bottle can be used for placing 500 heads of 1-instar larvae, 300 heads of 2-instar larvae and 200 heads of 3-instar larvae for packaging. The packaged chrysopa perla larvae can be directly transported to the field for release application.
TABLE 1 Effect of different packaging quantities of larvae on survival rates of larvae
3.3 packaging of Liqing lacewing cocoons
Collecting chrysopa perla cocoons, lightly sweeping the cocoons on two sides of a three-dimensional paper card stuck with double-sided adhesive according to a manufacturing method of an egg card to manufacture the chrysopa perla cocoons into the egg card, wherein the chrysopa perla cocoons have the average length of 4.3mm and the width of 3.5mm, and theoretically every 12cm according to the size of the cocoons and the area of the egg card2The cocoon card can hold 60-90 cocoons. In the actual packaging process, cocoons are randomly pasted on the paper card, the packaging space is wasted when the number of the cocoons is less than 50, and the normal pupa is influenced when the number of the packaged cocoons is more than 70Eclosion, the eclosion rate of adults is averagely 85.7 percent, which is obviously reduced compared with illumination. Therefore, every 12cm2The cocoon cards are preferably placed with 50-70 cocoons, the prepared cocoon cards are uniformly placed in a packaging box (with the length of 20cm, the width of 10cm and the height of 8cm), and 40 cocoon cards are placed in each box. Or placing cocoons in transparent plastic bottle (12 cm in height and 6.5cm in diameter) filled with buckwheat or rice hull according to bottle type packaging method, and calculating per 400cm based on volume of cocoons and bottle volume3The volume of the bottle can theoretically accommodate 1500 cocoons, but in order to prevent the cocoons from being damaged due to collision in transportation, a proper amount of buffer, namely buckwheat or rice hulls, needs to be filled in the bottle to reduce the collision, and on the premise of fully utilizing the space of the bottle, 500 cocoons and 1000 cocoons are suitably placed in each bottle, so that the high survival rate of the cocoons can be ensured. The packaged chrysopa perla cocoons can be directly transported to the field for release application or stored in a short-term refrigeration at 7-10 ℃.
3.4 packaging of chrysopa septempunctata adults
The packaging of the chrysopa perla adults adopts a plastic box type packaging, newly emerged chrysopa perla adults are collected into transparent plastic cups (the bottom diameter is 8.5cm, the top diameter is 10.5cm, and the height is 8.5cm) in a centralized manner, 15-20 small air vents (the aperture is 1-2mm) are uniformly chiseled on the covers of the plastic cups, crisscross brown paper is placed in the plastic cups for isolation, the death caused by overlarge density of the adults is prevented, 1000mL of each plastic cup can contain 150 adults with 100 heads, when the density is lower than 100 adults, the space in the bottles cannot be fully utilized, when the density is higher than 150 heads, the adult wings are easily damaged, the flight capability is reduced, and the application effect after release is reduced. The packaged chrysopa perla adult can be directly transported to the field for release application.
3.5 storage of Liqing lacewing cocoons
When the quantity of the chrysopa perla products is far higher than the actual application requirement, the redundant chrysopa perla can be stored in a cocoon form for short-term refrigeration or long-term diapause.
(1) Influence of different refrigeration temperatures on survival rate of normal development cocoons of chrysopa perla
In order to screen out the refrigeration temperature suitable for normal development cocoons of the chrysopa perla, chrysopa perla which is cocooned for 6 to 8 days (at the moment, the chrysopa perla is in a middle pupal stage) is intensively placed in an 800mL round transparent plastic insect culturing box (the bottom diameter is 10cm, the top diameter is 14cm and the height is 8cm), a round air vent (the diameter is 6cm) is cut in the middle of a box cover and covered by a 60-mesh nylon gauze, the chrysopa perla is respectively placed at the temperature of 6 ℃ and the temperature of 8 ℃ and the temperature of 10 ℃ for storage for 30, 40, 50 and 60 days, then the box is transferred to the condition of 26 ℃ and 16L:8D, RH 70% to observe the emergence rate of the chrysopa perla adult, and 30 cocoons are repeatedly observed for 3 times.
TABLE 2 Effect of different refrigeration temperatures and storage durations on the emergence rate of chrysopa perla adults
The experimental result shows that the temperature and the storage time have obvious influence on the adult emergence rate of the chrysopa perla. Only 10-13% of individuals can eclose into imagoes after the chrysopa perla normally-developed prepupa is stored at the low temperature of 6 ℃ for 30-40 days, and the death rate of the prepupa is extremely high. The chrysopa perla prepupa can be stored for a certain time at the temperature of 8-10 ℃, when the storage period is shorter than 50 days, the proportion of the prepupa capable of eclosion into imagoes is all over 70 percent, but the death rate of the prepupa is increased along with the extension of the storage period, and the proportion of the individuals capable of eclosion into the imagoes is reduced.
(2) Influence of different refrigeration temperatures on livability of chrysopa perla diapause cocoons
Collecting newly laid eggs within 24 hours after newly emerged imagoes start laying eggs, placing the newly laid eggs in a larva feeding box, wherein each box is 80-100 eggs, placing the feeding box in a climate box with the temperature of 26 ℃, the temperature of 16L:8D, RH 70%, feeding the larvae according to the method in the step 2.2 after the eggs are incubated, transferring the larvae to the terminal stage of 1 year, inducing diapause under the conditions of 20 ℃, 8L:16D, RH 70%, feeding aphids timely according to the appetite and the development condition of lacewing lacerations every day, collecting newly formed cocoons day by day after the old and mature larvae of lacewing lacewings begin to form cocoons, placing the cocoons in a 800mL round transparent plastic insect box, marking the collection date and the number of the cocoons, placing the cocoons in a refrigerator with the temperature of 10 ℃ for 2 days, then placing the cocoons in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4-6 ℃, the humidity of 60-70% and the dark condition for 10 months, 11 months and 12 months, then transferring the cocoons to the refrigerator with the temperature of 10 ℃ and placing the refrigerator for 2 days, and then transferring to the condition of 26 ℃ and 16L at the rate of 8D, RH 70% to recover the growth and development, observing and recording the emergence rate and the time length required by the emergence of the imagoes, treating 30 cocoons each, and repeating for 3 times. The control group is the adult emergence rate of normally developed chrysopa perla cocoons under the conditions of 26 ℃ and 16L at the rate of 8D, RH 70%.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the graph that the chrysopa perla diapause pupa stored at 4-6 ℃ for 10-12 months is transferred to 10 ℃ to be placed for 2 days, then transferred to 26 ℃ and 16L:8D, RH 70% to release diapause, the eclosion rate of the imagoes is above 82%, and the eclosion rates of the imagoes stored for 10 months, 11 months and 12 months are 86.3%, 82.59% and 82.22% respectively, which are not significantly different from the control group. With the prolonged storage time, the proportion of individuals capable of releasing diapause and developing into adults is slightly reduced, but still is more than 82%. The eclosion uniformity of the diapause individual after diapause release is obviously improved along with the prolonging of the storage time, which shows that the low temperature of 4-6 ℃ is beneficial to the long-term storage of the diapause prepupa.
Combining the above experimental results, the short-term storage method of the chrysopa perla normal development cocoons comprises the following steps: the chrysopa perla which is cocooned for 8 days (at the moment, the chrysopa perla is in a middle pupa stage) is intensively placed in 800mL of round transparent plastic insect culturing boxes (the bottom diameter is 10cm, the top diameter is 14cm, and the height is 8cm), the number of the placed cocoons in each box is 2000-3000 (namely, the chrysopa perla cocoons are placed according to the proportion that 2000-3000 chrysopa perla cocoons are placed in each 800mL of box), the boxes are filled with buckwheat or rice hulls, and the boxes are placed in a refrigeration refrigerator at the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and can be stored for 30-60 days.
In order to store sufficient sandfly products, sandflies can be induced into diapause by their diapause properties and stored at low temperatures for up to 1 year. The long-term storage method comprises the following steps: the sandfly cocoon induced to enter diapause is placed at 10 ℃ for 2 days, and then is concentrated in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4-6 ℃, the humidity of 60-70% and the dark condition for storage, the method can ensure that the sandfly cocoon can be safely stored for 360 days, even more than 1 year, the shelf life of the product is improved by 6-10 times, the eclosion rate of the stored cocoon after diapause is removed can still reach more than 82%, the storage period and the storage amount of the sandfly product can be obviously improved by utilizing the method, and the commercial production and the long-term wide application of the sandfly are promoted.
(3) Influence of different larva breeding densities on growth and development of chrysopa perla
For determining the optimum density of breeding chrysopa perla larvae, each breeding box (volume of breeding box is 6000 cm)3) Placing the eggs with five densities of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 eggs, observing the egg hatchability, pupa yield and development period of larvae of the chrysopa perla under different breeding densities, determining the influence of the breeding density on the growth and development of the chrysopa perla, and preferably selecting an appropriate density range.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: collecting the initial eggs of chrysopa perla (within 24 h) under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L:8D, placing the eggs in a feeding box with corrugated filter paper strips spread at the bottom, placing the eggs in a manner of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 eggs per box, and repeating the treatment for 3 times. And (3) incubating the eggs under the temperature treatment condition, adding sufficient aphids every day after the eggs are incubated, feeding until the larvae are cocooned, collecting cocoons every day, and placing the cocoons into a culture dish (9 multiplied by 1.5 cm). And respectively recording the hatching rate of the eggs of the chrysopa perla and the pupa yield rate under different density conditions. The normality of all data in the experiment was checked using the D' Agostino & Pearson Omnibus normality test method (α ═ 0.05). The comparison of fresh weight, development period and eclosion rate of the chrysopa perla pupae adopts One-Way ANOVA, and the difference significance test adopts Tukey multiple comparison method. All data analysis was done in the statistical analysis software GraphPad Prism V7.0.
TABLE 3 Effect of different rearing Density on the growth and development of Chrysopa perla larvae
The results show that the hatching rates of the eggs of the chrysopa perla under different densities have no significant difference, and more than 96% of the eggs can be normally hatched under each treatment condition. But different densities have obvious influence on the pupa obtaining rate, and the number of individuals capable of normally pupating and cocooning is gradually reduced along with the increase of the density of the larvae. When the density is lower than 100 heads/box, the difference of the pupa obtaining rate among the treatments is not obvious; however, when the breeding density of each box exceeds 100, the larva seriously kills each other and the pupa obtaining rate is less than 75 percent. Considering the factors of space utilization rate and pupa yield rate comprehensively, the density of 80-100 larvae raised in each box is better, if the raising quantity is less, the space utilization rate is lower, the raising quantity is increased to cause overcrowding, the self-mutilation rate of the larvae is increased, and the number of the finally obtained cocoons is also reduced.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the optimized green pea aphid for replacing prey green pea aphid and the most suitable host plant thereof, the green pea aphid bred by the broad bean seedlings is uniform in development, large in quantity, short in breeding period and low in cost, and the standardized production of aphids is realized.
2. The aphids and the chrysopa perla can be propagated all the year round, the production is not limited by seasons, the annual application requirements can be met, the insect propagation facilities and space are fully utilized, and the cost is saved.
3. The method for collecting and packaging commercial eggs, larvae, cocoons and adults is simple, convenient and quick, is convenient for counting the number of products, transportation and release application, and realizes the large-scale and standardization of green lacewing production.
4. On the premise of ensuring the quality, the commodity cocoons can be stored for several months to 1 year, the shelf life of the product is prolonged, the product reserve is increased, the product can be provided at any time, and the application requirement is ensured.
The artificial propagation method of the aphids and the chrysopa perla provided by the invention realizes the standardized scale production of the aphids and the chrysopa perla, the propagation technology is standardized, economic and efficient, the high-quality and efficient perennial production of the chrysopa perla is realized, and the commercial production and the wide application of the chrysopa perla are promoted.
The inventor develops the large-scale propagation technology research of the chrysopa perla by combining the ecology, the nutritional development, the physiology, the prey and pest control capability evaluation and the like of the chrysopa perla. The method is characterized in that a set of efficient, simple and economic chrysopa perla propagation expanding technology is developed by screening aphids and host plant for breeding aphids, carrying out standardized breeding on the host plants, inoculating aphid key time, carrying out optimal breeding density and conditions of chrysopa perla lacerata lacewing eggs, collecting larvae and cocoons, packaging, storing and transporting and other key technologies through multiple tests and improvements, the yield of chrysopa perla lacela lacera is greatly improved, year-round large-scale propagation of chrysopa perla products is realized, the biological control requirements of various agricultural and forestry pests mainly comprising aphids can be met, and the method has important significance for promoting industrial production and large-area release application of natural enemy insects such as chrysopa lacera lacerata.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. A packaging method of chrysopa perla products is characterized in that the packaging mode is selected according to the growth stage of chrysopa perla; packaging chrysopa perla eggs in a three-dimensional paper card manner, packaging chrysopa perla larvae in a bottle manner, packaging chrysopa perla cocoons in a three-dimensional paper card or a bottle manner, and packaging chrysopa perla adults in a box manner; the method for packaging the chrysopa perla eggs in a three-dimensional paper card type comprises the following steps: cutting off Chrysopa perla ovum from ovum stalks, collecting, sweeping Chrysopa perla ovum to two sides of a foldable three-dimensional paper card adhered with double-sided adhesive tape and embedded into ridge shape, according to the length of every 12cm2Packing the eggs with the double-sided adhesive in a proportion of 800-1000 eggs; the number of eggs of each three-dimensional egg card is 1600-2000; the bottle type packaging method for chrysopa perla larvae comprises the following steps: selecting Chrysopa perla larvae with consistent development age period, packaging, placing Chrysopa perla larvae in transparent plastic bottle filled with buckwheat shell or rice shell, arranging air holes in the middle of bottle cap and covering with nylon gauze, and allowing larvae of 1 st age to grow at a rate of 400cm per year3The bottle is packed with 400-grade 1-instar larvae in the volume ratio, and the 2-instar larvae are packed in every 400cm3The bottle is packed with 200-grade and 300-grade 2-instar larvae, and the 3-instar larvae are packed according to the proportion of every 400cm3The bottle is packed by placing 100-200 larvae at the ratio; the method for packaging the chrysopa perla cocoons by adopting the three-dimensional paper card comprises the following steps: collecting Lihao sandfly cocoons, lightly sweeping Lihao sandfly cocoons to two sides of a three-dimensional paper card stuck with double-sided adhesive to manufacture cocoon cards, wherein each 12cm of cocoon cards is used2Placing the cocoon cards in a proportion of 50-70 cocoons for packaging; or the chrysopa perla cocoon adopts a bottle typeThe method of packaging comprises the steps of: placing Chrysopa perla cocoon in transparent plastic bottle filled with buckwheat or rice hull at a ratio of 400cm3The bottle is packed in the proportion of 500-1000 cocoons in volume; the method for packing chrysopa perla adults in boxes comprises the following steps: collecting newly emerged chrysopa perla adults into a transparent container in a centralized manner, uniformly arranging 15-20 air holes on a container cover, placing criss-cross kraft paper in the container for isolation, and packaging according to the proportion of 100 and 150 adults in each 1000mL container; the chrysopa perla is obtained by feeding the following methods: feeding chrysopidae with pea tailed aphid as prey at 26 + -1 deg.C and 16L:8D, RH 70%; the chrysopa perla is divided into chrysopa perla eggs, chrysopa perla larvae, chrysopa perla pupae in chrysopa perla cocoons and chrysopa perla imagoes according to the growth stage; the breeding method of the chrysopa perla comprises the following steps: collecting and hatching chrysopa perla eggs, breeding chrysopa perla larva groups, enabling aged larvae to pupate intensively to form chrysopa perla cocoons, and enabling chrysopa perla imagoes to eclose and breeding; the method for collecting and hatching chrysopa perla eggs comprises the following steps: continuously breeding adults with pea aphids for tail repair at the temperature of 26 +/-1 ℃ and the volume of 16L:8D, and establishing a stable population; collecting new eggs every day at regular time from the day of laying eggs of newly eclosion imago, placing the eggs in a box body of a feeding box with a folding filter paper strip laid at the bottom, and arranging the eggs at a rate of 6000cm3The breeding box is provided with 80-100 eggs in proportion, the box cover of the breeding box is provided with through holes and covered by a nylon gauze, and the nylon gauze is provided with air holes; then hatching and culturing under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L of 8D, RH70 +/-5 percent; generally, a large number of chrysopa perla eggs hatch into 1-year larvae after 4-5 days, enough aphids are fed regularly every day after 1-year larvae hatch, and 30-80 aphids are fed to each larva per day on average; the method for breeding chrysopa perla larva comprises the following steps: every 2-instar larva is fed with 150 aphids of 100-; and ensuring the feeding environment to be clean; the method for forming the chrysopa perla cocoons by intensively pupating the aged larvae comprises the following steps: ensuring nutrition, allowing 3-year-old larva to pass through a pre-pupation stage in cocoon and then grow to pupa, and judging pupation standard that the pre-pupation grows into pupa when black molt is visible at cocoon tail end, wherein the stage needs 5-8 days(ii) a After the mature larva begins to form cocoons, newly formed chrysopa perla cocoons are collected day by day and transferred into a new feeding box, and the collection date and the number are marked for product packaging or propagation expansion; the eclosion and breeding method of chrysopa perla adults comprises the following steps: placing newly collected Chrysopa septempunctata in an insect cage for centralized emergence at 26 + -1 deg.C and 16L at 8D, wherein each emergence length is 216000cm3400-500 cocoons are placed in the insect cage with the volume, and the chrysopa perla cocoons are placed in the insect cage with the volume according to the proportion; enabling chrysopa perla to begin to eclose into adults 8-10 days after pupation, and enabling newly-eclosion adults to lay eggs 4-6 days after full feeding; a pot of broad bean seedlings with aphids are placed in a rearing cage for adult insects to lay eggs, the placed broad bean seedlings are 10-12 days old, each seedling carries 50-80 aphids, and after enough chrysopa perla eggs are collected, the chrysopa perla eggs are transferred into a new rearing cage to wait for egg hatching or are used for egg particle collection to manufacture egg cards, and meanwhile, the new broad bean seedlings with aphids are replaced for adult insects to lay eggs.
2. A method for storing chrysopa perla product, characterized in that the method comprises short-term cold storage and/or long-term diapause storage; during short-term cold-stored storage, put into breeding worms box littleleaf brad cocoon 8 days of cocooning, it is to place the proportion: 3000 cocoons are placed in each 800mL insect breeding box, wherein the number of the cocoons is 2000-; the short-term cold storage condition is 8-10 ℃, and the storage period is 30-60 days; the method for long-term diapause storage comprises the following steps: collecting newly laid eggs within 24 hours after the newly emerged imagoes begin to lay eggs, placing the newly laid eggs in a larva feeding box, culturing under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L:8D, RH 70%, feeding the larvae after the eggs are incubated, transferring the larvae to the condition of 20 ℃ and 8L:16D, RH 70% for induced diapause when the larvae grow to the late stage of 1 year, timely feeding aphids according to the appetite and the development condition of the chrysopa perla everyday, collecting newly formed cocoons day by day after the old larvae of the chrysopa perla begin to form cocoons, placing the newly formed cocoons at 10 ℃ for 2 days, transferring the cocoons to the condition of 4-6 ℃, humidity of 60-70% and dark condition for storage, and storing for 10-12 months; when the chrysopa perla eggs are placed in the larva breeding box, the density of the chrysopa perla eggs is 6000cm3The feeding box is used for placing 80-100 eggs in proportion; the chrysopa perla is divided into chrysopa perla eggs, chrysopa perla larvae, chrysopa perla pupae in chrysopa perla cocoons and chrysopa perla imagoes according to the growth stage;the breeding method of the chrysopa perla comprises the following steps: collecting and hatching chrysopa perla eggs, breeding chrysopa perla larva groups, enabling aged larvae to pupate intensively to form chrysopa perla cocoons, and enabling chrysopa perla imagoes to eclose and breeding; the method for collecting and hatching chrysopa perla eggs comprises the following steps: continuously breeding adults with pea aphids for tail repair at the temperature of 26 +/-1 ℃ and the volume of 16L:8D, and establishing a stable population; collecting new eggs every day at regular time from the day of laying eggs of newly eclosion imago, placing the eggs in a box body of a feeding box with a folding filter paper strip laid at the bottom, and arranging the eggs at a rate of 6000cm3The breeding box is provided with 80-100 eggs in proportion, the box cover of the breeding box is provided with through holes and covered by a nylon gauze, and the nylon gauze is provided with air holes; then hatching and culturing under the conditions of 26 +/-1 ℃ and 16L of 8D, RH70 +/-5 percent; generally, a large number of chrysopa perla eggs hatch into 1-year larvae after 4-5 days, enough aphids are fed regularly every day after 1-year larvae hatch, and 30-80 aphids are fed to each larva per day on average; the method for breeding chrysopa perla larva comprises the following steps: every 2-instar larva is fed with 150 aphids of 100-; and ensuring the feeding environment to be clean; the method for forming the chrysopa perla cocoons by intensively pupating the aged larvae comprises the following steps: ensuring nutrition, when 3-instar larvae in cocoons go through a pre-pupation stage and then grow to pupae, judging the standard of pupation, when black ecdysis is visible at the tail end of the cocoons, the pre-pupation can grow into pupae, and the stage needs 5-8 days; after the mature larva begins to form cocoons, newly formed chrysopa perla cocoons are collected day by day and transferred into a new feeding box, and the collection date and the number are marked for product packaging or propagation expansion; the eclosion and breeding method of chrysopa perla adults comprises the following steps: placing newly collected Chrysopa septempunctata in an insect cage for centralized emergence at 26 + -1 deg.C and 16L at 8D, wherein each emergence length is 216000cm3400-500 cocoons are placed in the insect cage with the volume, and the chrysopa perla cocoons are placed in the insect cage with the volume according to the proportion; enabling chrysopa perla to begin to eclose into adults 8-10 days after pupation, and enabling newly-eclosion adults to lay eggs 4-6 days after full feeding; placing a pot of silkworm seedlings with aphids in a rearing cage for adult oviposition, wherein the silkworm seedlings are 10-12 days old, loading 50-80 aphids on each seedling, and transferring the collected sufficient chrysopa perla eggs into a new rearing cage for egg incubation or for useCollecting the eggs to prepare egg cards, and replacing new broad bean seedlings with aphids for adults to lay eggs.
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