CN114671911A - 酰胺型有机膦氮阻燃剂化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
酰胺型有机膦氮阻燃剂化合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种酰胺型有机膦氮阻燃剂化合物及其制备方法,该化合物的结构如下式所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种酰胺型有机膦氮阻燃剂化合物及其制备方法,具体涉及一种苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺化合物及其制备方法,该化合物可以用作环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚酯树脂、聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇等材料的阻燃剂。
背景技术
目前,随着环境保护和人类健康意识的提高,新型高效、低毒、无卤、环保型阻燃剂的研究已成为热点。其中磷氮系阻燃剂开发应用较多,如三聚氰胺磷酸盐、三聚氰胺焦磷酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐等,上述化合物虽然都有较好的阻燃性,但因其盐键离子化合物的结构而导致的容易电离的特性,使其在应用中都存在有易吸潮、易迁移、易起霜、永久性差等不足。因此,在化合物的分子结构设计中,改变其化合物的盐键离子结合为稳定的共价键结构,以克服上述离子键带来的不足,方能满足很大的市场应用需求。
本发明公开了一种苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺化合物及其制备方法。以苯基膦酰二氯和三聚氰胺钠盐为主要原料制备得到阻燃剂苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺,工艺简单,成本低,易转化为工业化生产;本发明阻燃剂,具有阻燃效能高、膨胀成炭性好、酰胺结构磷氮共价键结合稳定性好,极性适中与材料的融合性好,应用范围广等优点,因此,本发明阻燃剂有非常好的应用开发前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提出一种阻燃剂苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺化合物,该化合物具有酰胺结构稳定、抗迁移、分子中含有磷氮两种协同阻燃元素,且阻燃元素含量高,与材料相容性好,应用范围广等优点,可克服现有技术中的不足。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种阻燃剂苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺化合物,其特征在于,该化合物的结构如下式所示:
本发明的目的之二在于提出一种阻燃剂苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺化合物的制备方法,其工艺简单,易于规模化生产,设备投资少,成本低廉。
该方法为:
于氮气保护下,在装有搅拌器、温度计和回流装置反应器中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐和有机溶剂,在搅拌下室温30分钟内滴加苯基磷酰二氯,控制苯基磷酰二氯与三聚氰胺钠盐的摩尔比在1∶2~1∶2.2,苯基磷酰二氯滴完后,升温至60~100℃,回流反应6-8小时,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接循环回收使用,滤饼中加入可使反应生成的氯化钠溶解为饱和溶液所需的水,搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用产品质量理论克数二倍体积毫升数的水洗涤三次,压实抽干,80℃真空干燥,得白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺。
如上所述的有机溶剂为氯仿、二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、乙腈或二氧六环,其用量体积毫升数为三聚氰胺钠盐质量克数的5-7倍。
本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺化合物为白色固体,开始分解温度:275±5℃,快速分解温度:300±5℃,产品得率为86.0~93.5%,可以用作环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、聚酯树脂、聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇等材料的阻燃剂。其阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺化合物的制备原理如下式所示:
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
①本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺化合物,磷氮以共价键结合,产品结构稳定性好,能克服磷酸三聚氰胺盐类易潮解电离迁移的不足。
②本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺为酰胺结构化合物稳定性好,还由于分子中将电子多向化苯环的引入使得分子结构的极性适中,与材料有较好的相容性。应用范围广泛。
③本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺为酰胺化合物,有较好的膨胀性和成炭性能,属高效环境友好型阻燃剂,有较好的防熔融滴落作用,能克服滴落二次引燃的不足。
④本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺为酰胺化合物,研究发现用于不饱和聚酯树脂玻璃钢能赋予材料较好的韧性,表明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺具备一定的增塑性。
⑤本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺有效阻燃元素含量高(氮含量44.92%,磷含量8.29%)达53.21%,符合绿色化学合成要求,原子利用率高,污染少。
⑥本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺化合物的制备方法为一步反应,原料易得,工艺简单,设备投资少,操作方便,易于规模化生产。
附图说明
为了进一步说明本发明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺的结构和性能特给出如下附图。
图1是苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺的红外光谱图;
图1表明,3467cm-1、3419cm-1为三聚氰胺的NH2的伸缩振动吸收峰,3100cm-1处为苯环的特征吸收峰,1651cm-1为N-H弯曲振动吸收峰,1551cm-1三聚氰胺的三嗪环C=N的伸缩振动吸收峰,1200cm-1为P=0的伸缩振动吸收峰,842cm-1、790cm-1处出现的P-N键的振动吸收峰进一步证明了苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺的分子结构确定形成了新的共价键氮磷键。
图2是苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺核磁谱图;
图2表明,用氘代DMSO作溶剂时,δ=2.5为氘代DMSO的溶剂质子峰;δ=3.3是以氘代DMSO为溶剂的水峰;δ=5.33是存在于溶剂氘代DMSO中的游离的磷酰三聚氰胺的亚氨基(NH)的氢峰;δ=7.27是存在于溶剂氘代DMSO中的游离的磷酰三聚氰胺的氨基(NH2)的氢峰;δ=7.43是苯环上的氢峰,苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺中的亚氨基、氨基和苯环的氢个数比理论值是1∶4∶5,实际积分得到的峰面积之比与之相近。
图3是苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺的热分析曲线;
图3表明,将苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺置于微型差热天平中,在氮气气氛条件下,升温速率控制为10℃/min,扫描范围为0~800℃。苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺在270℃左右开始分解,一直加热到700℃,还有38%的碳残留。由图可以看出产物在高温条件下是较为稳定的。
图4是苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺用于不饱和树脂燃烧的形貌图;
图4表明,a为空白样的燃烧照片、b为10%添加量的燃烧照片、c为20%添加量的燃烧照片、d为25%添加量的燃烧照片;都表明苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺用于不饱和树脂燃烧时有很好的膨胀性能和成炭性能。
图5是苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺用于不饱和树脂燃烧之后形成的炭渣做的扫描电镜(SEM)图;
图5表明,e为空白样燃烧SEM照片、f为20%添加量的燃烧SEM照片,其空白样图片与试样图片对比非常明显,空白样燃烧后剩下的是玻璃丝,有机物全部燃尽,而试样燃烧后形成了坚实致密的覆盖层,此为聚膦酸膜连接的致密膨胀的炭层,可以防止热量和氧气的侵入,从而保护内部材料免于进一步燃烧,为发挥优良的膨胀成炭阻燃效果奠定了基础。
具体实施例
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
实施例1 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐29.62g(0.20mol)和180mL的氯仿,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至60℃,回流反应6小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率83.4%。
实施例2 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐29.62g(0.20mol)和180mL的二氯乙烷,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至80℃,回流反应6小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率86.3%。
实施例3 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐29.62g(0.20mol)和180mL的四氯化碳,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至75℃,回流反应6小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率81.1%。
实施例4 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐29.62g(0.20mol)和180mL的乙腈,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至80℃,回流反应6小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率82.2%。
实施例5 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐29.62g(0.20mol)和180mL的二氧六环,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至100℃,回流反应6小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率87.3%。
实施例6 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐31.10g(0.21mol)和200mL的氯仿,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至60℃,回流反应5小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率87.4%。
实施例7 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐31.10g(0.21mol)和200mL的二氯乙烷,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至80℃,回流反应5小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率89.4%。
实施例8 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐31.10g(0.21mol)和200mL的乙腈,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至80℃,回流反应5小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率84.5%。
实施例9 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐31.10g(0.21mol)和200mL的四氯化碳,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至75℃,回流反应5小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率86.3%。
实施例10 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐31.10g(0.21mol)和200mL的二氧六环,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至100℃,回流反应5小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率89.4%。
实施例11 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐32.58g(0.22mol)和220mL的氯仿,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至60℃,回流反应4小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率88.5%。
实施例12 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐32.58g(0.22mol)和220mL的二氯乙烷,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至80℃,回流反应4小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率91.6%。
实施例13 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐32.58g(0.22mol)和220mL的乙腈,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至80℃,回流反应4小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率88.6%。
实施例14 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐32.58g(0.22mol)和220mL的四氯化碳,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氯,滴完后,升温至75℃,回流反应4小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率87.7%。
实施例15 于氮气保护下,在500mL装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的四口烧瓶中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐32.58g(0.22mol)和220mL的二氧六环,搅拌下在室温30分钟内滴加19.50g(0.10mol)苯基磷酰二氧六环,滴完后,升温至100℃,回流反应4小时后,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接回收使用,滤饼中加入30mL水搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用75mL水洗涤三次,得到白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺,得率92.4%。
本发明人还将上述制备的产品苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺应用于886不饱和树脂中,把苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺与886不饱和树脂按照不同比例混合混合,加入0.2%过氧化甲乙酮作为引发剂,搅拌混匀后倒入长15cm,宽1.0cm,厚0.3cm的模具当中,添加玻璃纤维布作为内衬,进而制成标准的样条,研究产品的阻燃性能及成炭情况,测试数据见表1-2。
表1 苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺用于886不饱和树脂中的氧指数测试数据与现象
表1表明,886不饱和树脂本身的极限氧指数为18%,苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺在886不饱和树脂中加入量为10%时LOI为23%,当加入量为20%时LOI就达到了27%,达到了难燃级别。阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺对886不饱和树脂有较好的阻燃效果,且燃烧时材料有很好的膨胀成炭性能。
表2 苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺在886不饱和树脂中的垂直燃烧测试数据与现象
表2表明,阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺在886不饱和树脂中添加量达到10%时,就达到了较好的阻燃效果V-1级,添加量达到20%时,就达到了理想的阻燃效果V-0级,所以阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺具有较好的阻燃性能。
本发明人还将上述制备的产品苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺应用于886不饱和树脂中,按照不同比例将阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺添加到886不饱和树脂当中,制成15cm长,1cm宽,0.3cm厚的样条进行拉力测试,复合材料的机械性能见表3。
表3 苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺添加到886不饱和树脂中的力学测试数据
由表3可知,随着阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺的添加量增大,拉伸强度有所下降,但是材料的断裂伸长率变大,材料的韧性有所增大,表明阻燃剂苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺具备一定的增塑性。
Claims (3)
2.如权利要求1所述一种酰胺型有机膦氮阻燃剂苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法为:
在装有搅拌器、温度计和回流装置反应器中加入干燥的三聚氰胺钠盐和有机溶剂,氮气保护下,开启搅拌,室温下30分钟内滴加苯基磷酰二氯,控制苯基磷酰二氯与三聚氰胺钠盐的摩尔比在1∶2~1∶2.2,苯基磷酰二氯滴完后,升温至60~100℃,回流反应6-8小时,降温至30℃,抽滤,滤液可直接循环回收使用,滤饼中加入使反应生成的氯化钠溶解为饱和溶液所需的水,搅拌1小时使氯化钠全部溶解,抽滤,滤饼用产品质量理论克数二倍体积毫升数的水洗涤三次,压实抽干,80℃真空干燥,得白色晶体苯基磷酰二三聚氰胺。
3.如权利要求2所述一种酰胺型有机膦氮阻燃剂苯基膦酰二三聚氰胺化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法为:
所述的有机溶剂为氯仿、二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、乙腈或二氧六环,其用量体积毫升数为三聚氰胺钠盐质量克数的5-7倍。
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