CN114634444A - 一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114634444A
CN114634444A CN202210280688.8A CN202210280688A CN114634444A CN 114634444 A CN114634444 A CN 114634444A CN 202210280688 A CN202210280688 A CN 202210280688A CN 114634444 A CN114634444 A CN 114634444A
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aniline
acyl chloride
amide
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汪静莉
邢思文
朱建华
商一锴
张琦
李大娟
姚秋旭
李新良
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Taizhou Bailly Chemical Co ltd
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法,将酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液与苯胺或者苯胺的有机溶液混合,升温反应,经冷却、过滤、干燥后得到酰胺类化合物产品。本发明的酰胺类化合物的制备方法简单化、安全化、环保化,实现零废水。

Description

一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于农药生产技术领域,具体涉及一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
酰胺类化合物一般用于杀菌剂和除草剂,在农药领域应用十分普遍。常用的酰胺类化合物制备方法有两种:方法一,在缚酸剂作用下,芳基胺(式3)与酰氯(式2)发生酰化反应得酰胺类化合物(式1),例如国外专利CN 1317269 C公开了制备2-卤带吡啶甲酰胺的方法,以水作为缚酸剂,在合适的非水溶剂中,2-氯吡啶甲酰氯与胺基的邻位上具有非氢取代基的芳香族伯胺反应而制备该芳香族伯胺的2-卤代苯甲酰胺,此方法缚酸剂用量较多,后处理产生废水较多,且含缚酸剂废水难处理,增加环保压力;方法二:在负压条件下,芳基胺(式3)与酰氯(式2)发生酰化反应得酰胺类化合物,例如国外专利CN 102015649 B公开了一种负压条件下制备芳基碳酰胺的方法,其在合适的非水溶剂中,将酰氯加入芳基胺中,建立0-700毫巴的压力,反应结束后分离价值产物芳基碳酰胺化合物,此方法可利用真空将氯化氢带走,促进反应进行,相比方法一简化不少,缺点为安全性差,若反应体系密闭性不好,带真空反应容易发生不可控的危险。
制备酰胺类化合物反应原理如下:
Figure 503338DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
其中:R1是单取代至三取代的苯基、吡啶基或吡唑基环,其中这些取代基各自独立的选自卤素、C1-C4烷基和C1-C4卤代烷基;R2是苯基或苯基衍生物。
因此如何免用缚酸剂和提升反应安全性是本领域技术人员一直研究的问题,亟需一种工艺简单、安全、环保的酰胺类化合物的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法,工艺简单、安全、环保。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法,将酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液与苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液混合,常压反应,经后处理得到酰胺类化合物。
反应原理如下:
Figure 358162DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
其中:R1是单取代至三取代的苯基、吡啶基、吡唑基环或环己基,其中取代基各自独立的选自卤素或C1-C4烷基或C1-C4卤代烷基。
R2是苯基及苯基衍生物。优选的,R2为苯基、卤代苯基、联苯基、卤代联苯基、酚基或卤代酚基。
优选的,一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将苯胺或苯胺衍生物加入有机溶剂中溶解得到苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液;
(2)将酰氯或酰氯衍生物加入有机溶剂中溶解得到酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液连续加至步骤(2)酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液中,或将步骤(2)酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液连续加至步骤(1)苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液中,控制加料速度使反应体系温度维持在0-60℃;
(4)加料结束,缓慢升温后保温反应,直至苯胺或苯胺衍生物含量小于0.5%;
(5)将步骤(4)中反应液经冷却、过滤、干燥得到酰胺类化合物产品。
更优选的,步骤(1)中所述溶解温度为0-110℃,苯胺或苯胺衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为2:1~1:20。
更优选的,步骤(2)中所述溶解温度为0-110℃,酰氯或酰氯衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为2:1~1:20。
更优选的,步骤(3)中苯胺或苯胺衍生物与酰氯或酰氯衍生物摩尔比为1:0.95~0.95:1。
更优选的,步骤(4)中升温时间为0.5-8h,保温反应温度为100-120℃,保温反应时间为0.5-4h。
更优选的,所述有机溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯或氯苯。
更更优选的,步骤(1)中所述溶解温度为30~60℃,苯胺或苯胺衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为1:1~1:3。
更更优选的,步骤(2)中所述溶解温度为30~60℃,酰氯或者酰氯衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为1:1~1:2。
更更优选的,步骤(4)中升温时间为2-3h,保温反应温度为105~115℃,保温反应时间为0.5-1h。
更优选的,步骤(5)中所述干燥温度为80-120℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明酰胺类化合物制备方法中无需缚酸剂,简化了后处理过程,无废水及次生废弃物产生,减轻了环保压力,提高了工艺竞争力。
(2)本发明酰胺类化合物制备方法为常压反应,与负压法相比对设备密封性要求更低,且无由于负压反应过程中设备泄漏空气至反应器内带来安全风险。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1:2-氯-N-(4’-氯二苯-2-基)烟酰胺制备
在70℃下,将4-氯-2’-氨基联苯溶解于有机溶剂甲苯中,其中4-氯-2’-氨基联苯与甲苯质量比为1:3;在70℃下,将2-氯烟酰氯溶解于有机溶剂甲苯中,其中2-氯烟酰氯与甲苯质量比为1:2;将摩尔当量1.05eq的2-氯烟酰氯溶液滴加至摩尔当量1.0eq的4-氯-2’-氨基联苯甲苯溶液中进行酰化反应,滴加结束,将体系温度缓慢升至115℃进行保温反应,升温时间控制为5h,中控取样测试4-氯-2’-氨基联苯含量≤0.5%,保温反应1h;反应料液经降温和过滤得2-氯-N-(4’-氯二苯-2-基)烟酰胺湿料,在温度100℃条件下干燥,得2-氯-N-(4’-氯二苯-2-基)烟酰胺产品,纯度为99.2%。
实施例2:2-氯-N-(2,4-二氟苯基)烟酰胺制备
在60℃下,将2,4-二氟苯胺溶解于有机溶剂二甲苯中,其中2,4-二氟苯胺与二甲苯质量比为1:4;在60℃下,将2-氯烟酰氯溶解于有机溶剂二甲苯中,其中2-氯烟酰氯与二甲苯质量比为1:1;将摩尔当量0.98eq的2-氯烟酰氯二甲苯溶液滴加至摩尔当量1.0eq的2,4-二氟苯胺二甲苯溶液中进行酰化反应,滴加结束,将体系温度缓慢升至105℃后保温反应2h,升温时间控制为2h;中控取样测试2,4-二氟苯胺含量≤0.5%,合格;反应料液经降温和过滤得2-氯-N-(2,4-二氟苯基)烟酰胺湿料,在温度100℃条件下干燥,得2-氯-N-(2,4-二氟苯基)烟酰胺产品。
实施例3:2-氯-N-苯基烟酰胺
在45℃下,将苯胺溶解于有机溶剂氯苯中,其中苯胺与氯苯质量比为1:4;在45℃下,将2-氯烟酰氯溶解于有机溶剂氯苯中,其中2-氯烟酰氯与氯苯质量比为1:1;将摩尔当量1.03eq的2-氯烟酰氯氯苯溶液滴加至摩尔当量1.0eq的苯胺氯苯溶液中进行酰化反应,滴加结束,将体系温度缓慢升至140℃后保温反应3h,升温时间控制为3h;中控取样测试苯胺含量≤0.5%,合格;反应料液经降温和过滤得2-氯-N-苯基烟酰胺湿料,在温度120℃条件下干燥,得2-氯-N-苯基烟酰胺产品。
实施例4:N-(4-氟苯基)-6-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-吡啶甲酰胺制备
在50℃下,将2,4-二氟苯胺溶解于有机溶剂二甲苯中,其中2,4-二氟苯胺与二甲苯质量比为1:3;在50℃下,将2-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-烟酰氯溶解于有机溶剂二甲苯中,其中2-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-烟酰氯与二甲苯质量比为1:1;将摩尔当量0.99eq的2-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-烟酰氯二甲苯溶液滴加至摩尔当量1.0eq的2,4-二氟苯胺二甲苯溶液中进行酰化反应,滴加结束,将体系温度缓慢升至110℃后保温反应2h,升温时间控制为2h;中控取样测试2,4-二氟苯胺含量≤0.5%,合格;反应料液经降温和过滤得N-(4-氟苯基)-6-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-吡啶甲酰胺湿料,在温度100℃条件下干燥,得N-(4-氟苯基)-6-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-吡啶甲酰胺产品。
实施例5:2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)-N-(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)烟酰胺
在40℃下,将3-(三氟甲基)苯胺溶解于有机溶剂苯中,其中3-(三氟甲基)苯胺与苯质量比为1:3;在60℃下,将2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)烟碱酰氯溶解于有机溶剂苯中,其中2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)烟碱酰氯与苯质量比为1:1;将摩尔当量1.02eq的2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)烟碱酰氯苯溶液滴加至摩尔当量1.0eq的3-(三氟甲基)苯胺苯溶液中进行酰化反应,滴加结束,将体系温度缓慢升至95℃后保温反应2h,升温时间控制为2h;中控取样测试3-(三氟甲基)苯胺含量≤0.5%,合格;反应料液经降温和过滤得2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)-N-(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)烟酰胺湿料,在温度100℃条件下干燥,得2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)-N-(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)烟酰胺产品。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别仅在于:将摩尔当量1.05eq的2-氯烟酰氯溶液滴加至摩尔当量0.9eq的4-氯-2’-氨基联苯甲苯溶液中进行酰化反应。
2-氯-N-(4’-氯二苯-2-基)烟酰胺产品的纯度为97%。
从实施例1和对比例1的产物纯度来看,采用本发明范围内的原料摩尔比,反应更加充分、完全,杂质较少,纯度高,产物质量高。
除上述实施例外,本发明还包括有其他实施方式,凡采用等同变换或者等效替换方式形成的技术方案,均应落入本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:将酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液与苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液混合,常压反应,经后处理得到酰胺类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将苯胺或苯胺衍生物加入有机溶剂中溶解得到苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液;
(2)将酰氯或酰氯衍生物加入有机溶剂中溶解得到酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液连续加至步骤(2)酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液中,或将步骤(2)酰氯或酰氯衍生物的有机溶液连续加至步骤(1)苯胺或苯胺衍生物的有机溶液中,控制加料速度使反应体系温度维持在0-60℃;
(4)加料结束,缓慢升温后保温反应,直至苯胺或苯胺衍生物含量小于0.5%;
(5)将步骤(4)中反应液经冷却、过滤、干燥得到酰胺类化合物产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述溶解温度为0-110℃,苯胺或苯胺衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为2:1~1:20。
4.根据权利要求2所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述溶解温度为0-110℃,酰氯或酰氯衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为2:1~1:20。
5.根据权利要求2所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中苯胺或苯胺衍生物与酰氯或酰氯衍生物摩尔比为1:0.95~0.95:1。
6.根据权利要求2所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中升温时间为0.5-8h,保温反应温度为100-120℃,保温反应时间为0.5-4h。
7.根据权利要求2所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯或氯苯。
8.根据权利要求3所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述溶解温度为30~60℃,苯胺或苯胺衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为1:1~1:3。
9.根据权利要求4所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述溶解温度为30~60℃,酰氯或者酰氯衍生物与有机溶剂质量比为1:1~1:2。
10.根据权利要求6所述的酰胺类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中升温时间为2-3h,保温反应温度为105~115℃,保温反应时间为0.5-1h。
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