CN114617915A - 一种桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法及其应用,可有效解决桢楠药用价值的问题,其解决的技术方案是,1)取桢楠木料,浸泡过夜,加热回流,冷却后过滤,收集滤液;滤渣加水重复提取,合并两次滤液,减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,得桢楠水提物总浸膏;2)取步骤1)中桢楠水提物总浸膏,用超纯水溶解,过滤,滤液经大孔吸附树脂柱色谱,依次用水、乙醇梯度洗脱,洗脱液减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,分别得桢楠水部位、25‑70%醇部位浸膏;本发明为桢楠资源的有效利用提供依据,让其药用价值得到充分挖掘,是桢楠水溶性成分上的创新。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,特别是一种桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
慢性非萎缩性胃炎(Chronic non-atrophic gastritis,CNAG),是慢性胃炎的初始阶段,系指在多种致病因素作用下胃黏膜发生的炎症性病变。临床上大多表现为上腹部胃脘处饱胀或疼痛、嘈杂反酸、嗳气呕吐等消化不良症状。常用内镜检查和胃粘膜组织病理检测作为慢性胃炎的诊断手段。该病病情发展缓慢,病程长,容易复发。目前现代医学对于慢性胃炎的发病机制还不明确,大多认为是多种因素共同作用引起的胃粘膜慢性炎症,主要包括幽门螺杆菌感染、胆汁反流、长期服用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)、自身免疫、年龄的增长、长期烟酒过度、饮食不节、情绪紧张焦虑等。由于这些因素长期反复刺激胃粘膜,引起胃粘膜形成慢性炎症,造成胃粘膜损伤。若损伤未得到及时修复,则慢性非萎缩性胃炎可在多种因素的诱导下发展为慢性萎缩性胃炎甚至胃癌,这将严重影响患者的日常生活和身心健康。目前对CNAG的治疗主要是依靠西药为主,目的是缓解消化不良症状和改善胃黏膜损伤及炎症。但慢性胃炎的治疗是一个漫长的过程,西药副作用大,容易产生耐受,不利于长期服药,因此寻找低毒、高效、价廉的新型治疗药物成了首要解决的难题。
桢楠(Phoebe zhennan),樟科楠属植物,是一种常绿高大乔木,根系发达,树干通直,叶终年不谢,主要生长在长江流域及以南地区,多见于云南、四川、湖北、贵州等地,其中产自成都平原者最为著名,是我国特有树种。因人为过度采伐,野生资源近于枯竭,现已被列入国家二级野生保护植物,是著名的珍贵树种。桢楠香味清雅悠长,木材纹理美观,木性稳定,木材坚实,不宜变形和开裂,被广泛用于船舶、高档的建筑和家具、高级工艺品等制作。桢楠自古就有“楠香寿人”的美誉,表现出极高的药用价值。《证类本草》、《普济方》及北宋医书《小儿卫生总微论方》等古籍记载,楠木入药,可有效治疗霍乱、霍乱吐泻转筋、胃病、聤耳出脓水(中耳炎)、脚气等病症,具有抑菌抗感染、改善循环、温胃理气等作用。
桢楠作为一味祛疾除患的良药,现代有关桢楠入药的研究较少,目前对桢楠药用价值的研究主要在其挥发油的提取分离及抗菌、抗肿瘤等生物活性方面,而关于桢楠治疗胃病的功效,尚无相关文献报道。
发明内容
针对上述情况,为解决现有技术之缺陷,本发明之目的就是提供一种桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法及其应用,可有效解决桢楠药用价值的问题。
本发明解决的技术方案是,该桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取桢楠木料,加入桢楠木料6-12倍重量的水,浸泡过夜,加热回流4-10h,冷却后过滤,收集滤液;滤渣加入其6-10倍重量的水重复提取,合并两次滤液,减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,得桢楠水提物总浸膏;
2)取步骤1)中桢楠水提物总浸膏,用其重量3-4倍超纯水溶解,过滤,滤液经D101或AS-8等大孔吸附树脂柱色谱,依次用水、质量浓度25-70%乙醇梯度洗脱,洗脱液减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,分别得桢楠水部位、25-70%醇部位浸膏。
所述的桢楠水溶性提取物在制备治疗慢性非萎缩性胃炎药物中的应用。
所述的桢楠0%~50%醇部位浸膏在制备治疗慢性非萎缩性胃炎药物及临床相关产品等方面中的应用。
本发明对桢楠水溶性成分治疗慢性非萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠的药效学实验进行评价,初步探讨其作用机制,寻找其活性部位,并通过分离、纯化、重结晶等方法获得单体化合物,为桢楠资源的有效利用提供依据,让其药用价值得到充分挖掘,是桢楠水溶性成分上的创新。
附图说明
图1为本发明正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、桢楠高、中、低剂量组造模前、造模后、给药后大鼠体重对比图。
图2为本发明图1各组胃黏膜肉眼观察对比图。
图3为本发明图1各组胃黏膜病例组织切片对比图。
图4为本发明图1各组胃黏膜胃液pH、胃蛋白酶含量对比图。
图5为本发明图1各组血清胃泌素和胃动素含量对比图。
图6为本发明空白组、模型组、阳性对照组、水部位组、30%醇部位组、50%醇部位组、70%醇部位组造模前、造模后、给药后大鼠体重对比图。
图7为本发明图6各组大鼠胃黏膜肉眼观察对比图。
图8为本发明图6各组大鼠胃黏膜组织病理切片对比图。
图9为本发明图6各组大鼠胃黏膜炎性因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10)检测对比图。
图10为本发明图6各组大鼠血清中氧化应激因子SOD、MDA、GSH-Px水平对比图。
图11为本发明活性化合物结构式。
图12为本发明活性化合物13C NMR图。
图13为本发明活性化合物1H NMR图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
该桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取桢楠木料10kg,加入桢楠木料10倍重量的水,浸泡过夜,加热回流8h,冷却后过滤,收集滤液;滤渣加入其8倍重量的水重复提取,合并两次滤液,减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,得桢楠水提物总浸膏364g;
2)取桢楠水提物总浸膏97g,用300mL超纯水溶解,过滤,滤液经D101大孔吸附树脂柱色谱,依次用水、30%乙醇、50%乙醇、70%乙醇洗脱,洗脱液减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,分别得桢楠水部位、30%醇部位、50%醇部位、70%醇部位浸膏33.6、27.1、24.5、4.8g。
一、桢楠水提物对CNAG模型大鼠的药效学评价:
1、CNAG模型大鼠建立:
造模方法:脱氧胆酸钠+乙醇+氨水+饥饱失常,造模时间:67天。
模型评价:胃黏膜组织观察+病理切片
其中,对照组:正常胃黏膜组织;模型组:慢性非萎缩性胃炎病理组织;阳性对照组:香砂养胃丸治疗;桢楠高剂量组:0.4g/kg;桢楠中剂量组:0.2g/kg;桢楠低剂量组:0.1g/kg。
2、分组及给药干预见表1:
表1分组及给药情况表
3、标本采集及处理:
腹主动脉取血:收集血清,以供炎性因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10)、胃肠激素(GAS、MTL)、氧化应激因子(SOD、MDA、GSH-Px)检测,-80℃冰箱保存。
取胃:收集胃液;胃窦处组织4%多聚甲醛固定,做组织切片;其余胃组织保存于-80℃冰箱。
4、主要指标观察与检测:
4.1体重:
表2各组大鼠造模及给药干预期间体重数据表
注意:*与正常组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;#与模型组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
结果:造模期间,与空白组比较,模型组及各治疗组大鼠体重减轻,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。给药干预后,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠体重较轻,差异极显著(P<0.01);与模型组相比,经过药物治疗后的各给药组体重不同程度地上升,其中阳性药组、桢楠高剂量组和中剂量组差异极显著(P<0.01),桢楠低剂量组差异显著(P<0.05)。
4.2胃黏膜肉眼观察:
结果:空白组大鼠胃黏膜颜色粉嫩光滑,皱襞排列整齐,走向规则,胃壁弹性好。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠胃黏膜颜色发红,表面粗糙,皱襞减少,走向不规则,有黏膜充血、水肿、出血损伤等现象。与模型组相比,各给药组胃黏膜状态不同程度地得到改善,出现好转现象(如图2所示)。
4.3胃黏膜病理组织切片:
结果:空白组大鼠胃黏膜腺体数量丰富,形态正常,排列紧密;黏膜上皮完整;黏膜下层未见炎症细胞(淋巴细胞和浆细胞)浸润。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜腺体排列紊乱,黏膜上皮细胞脱落,黏膜下层水肿严重,有较多炎症细胞浸润。阳性药组大鼠胃黏膜形态完整性有一定程度地提高,腺体排列较为规则,炎症细胞浸润减少。桢楠水提物高、中、低剂量干预后,胃黏膜结构排列变得较为清晰规则,炎症细胞浸润情况减轻,黏膜下层水肿情况改善,尤其是桢楠水提物高剂量组改善效果最好(如图3所示)。
4.4胃液pH及胃蛋白酶活力,见表3:
表3各组胃液pH及胃蛋白酶活力对比
注:与正常组比较,**P<0.01,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,##P<0.01,#P<0.05。
结果:如图4所示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠胃液pH显著升高(P<0.05),胃蛋白酶含量显著下降(P<0.01);与模型组相比,各给药组大鼠胃液pH有不同程度下降,胃蛋白酶含量升高,其中阳性药组和桢楠高剂量组差异显著(P<0.05)。
5.5血清胃泌素和胃动素,见表4:
表4各组血清胃泌素和胃动素对比
注:与正常组比较,**P<0.01,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,##P<0.01,#P<0.05。
结果:如图5所示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠胃泌素GAS和胃动素MTL水平显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组相比,各给药组大鼠GAS和MTL含量有不同程度上升,其中阳性药组和桢楠高剂量组GAS含量差异显著(P<0.05);阳性药组、桢楠高剂量组MTL含量差异极显著(P<0.01),中剂量组次之(P<0.05)。
5、数据处理与分析:
采用SPSS 25.0软件处理数据,并使用GraphPad作图,所有结果均使用平均值±标准差来表示,P<0.05表示差异具有显著性,P<0.01表示差异具有极显著性。
6、结论:
桢楠水提物可减轻慢性非萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃黏膜的损伤(由胃黏膜状态及切片结果可以看出),通过升高胃蛋白酶活力及调节胃肠激素水平变化来发挥治疗作用。
二、桢楠水提取物对CNAG模型大鼠的作用机制研究及活性部位追踪
1、CNAG模型大鼠建立:
(1)造模方法:脱氧胆酸钠+乙醇+氨水+饥饱失常
(2)模型评价:胃黏膜组织观察+病理切片
2、分组及给药干预,见表5,其中,对照组:健康小鼠,给予0.5%CMC-Na溶液灌胃;模型组:慢性非萎缩性胃炎病小鼠,给予0.5%CMC-Na溶液灌胃;阳性对照组:慢性非萎缩性胃炎病小鼠给予香砂养胃丸、0.5%CMC-Na溶液灌胃;水部位组:慢性非萎缩性胃炎病小鼠给予本发明实施例1桢楠水部位、0.5%CMC-Na溶液灌胃;30%醇部位组:本发明实施例1桢楠30%醇部位、0.5%CMC-Na溶液灌胃;50%醇部位组:本发明实施例1桢楠50%醇部位、0.5%CMC-Na溶液灌胃;70%醇部位组:本发明实施例1桢楠70%醇部位、0.5%CMC-Na溶液灌胃;
表5分组及给药干预情况
3、标本采集及处理:同上
4、主要指标观察与检测:
表6各组大鼠造模及给药干预期间体重数据表
注意:*与正常组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;#与模型组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
结果:如图6所示,造模期间,与空白组比较,模型组及各治疗组大鼠体重减轻,差异极显著(P<0.01)。给药干预后,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠体重较轻,差异极显著(P<0.01);与模型组相比,各给药组体重不同程度地上升,其中30%醇部位组、50%醇部位组和水部位组差异极显著(P<0.01)。
5、胃黏膜肉眼观察:
结果:如图7所示,空白组大鼠胃黏膜颜色粉嫩光滑,皱襞排列整齐,走向规则,胃壁弹性好。与空白组相比,模型组大鼠胃黏膜颜色发红,表面粗糙,皱襞减少,有黏膜充血、水肿、出血等现象,与模型组相比,各给药组胃黏膜状态不同程度地得到改善,出现好转现象。
6、胃黏膜组织病理切片:
结果:如图8所示,空白组大鼠胃黏膜腺体数量丰富,形态正常,排列紧密;黏膜上皮完整;黏膜下层未见炎症细胞(淋巴细胞和浆细胞)浸润。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜腺体排列紊乱,黏膜上皮细胞脱落,黏膜下层水肿严重,有较多炎症细胞浸润,各给药组以上情况有不同程度改善,其中30%醇部位和50%醇部位组改善较好。
7、炎性因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10)检测:
表7各组大鼠血清中炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平(x±s,n=6)
注:与空白组比较,**P<0.01,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,##P<0.01,#P<0.05。
结果:如图9所示,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠血清促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.01),抗炎因子IL-10水平明显下降(P<0.01),表明模型组大鼠胃黏膜产生炎症反应,慢性非萎缩胃炎模型建立成功;与模型组相比,各治疗组促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),抗炎因子IL-10水平有所升高,其中30%醇部位升高幅度较为明显,差异极显著(P<0.01),表明桢楠水提物可通过调节促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6和抗炎因子IL-10水平变化来改善慢性非萎缩性胃炎造成的胃黏膜炎症损伤。
8、氧化应激因子检测:
表8各组大鼠血清中氧化应激因子SOD、MDA、GSH-Px水平(x±s,n=6)
注:与空白组比较,**P<0.01,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,##P<0.01,#P<0.05。
结果:如图10所示,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠血清SOD、GSH-Px活性显著下降(p<0.01),MDA含量显著升高(p<0.01),表明模型组大鼠的胃黏膜出现了氧化损伤。与模型组相比,各治疗组SOD、GSH-Px含量有一定程度上升,其中30%醇部位SOD活性较模型组上升明显(P<0.05),其它部位有上升趋势,但无统计学意义。各治疗组MDA含量明显下降,且30%醇部位组和50%醇部位组效果最明显(P<0.01),水部位组次之(P<0.05)。表明桢楠水部位、30%醇部位、50%醇部位可改善大鼠慢性非萎缩性胃炎造成的胃黏膜氧化损伤情况。
三、桢楠活性部位成分分析:
1、活性化合物分离、纯化工艺
以本发明实施例1为例,活性部位分离示例:
选柱:选用一根直径d=12cm,柱高h=120cm的玻璃柱子,柱体积约为13.5L;
树脂装填量:D101大孔吸附树脂填料用量:6.3kg(湿重);
装柱树脂高度h=80cm,推算出装柱树脂体积V树脂=πr2h’≈9L;
洗脱:上样量为97g,洗脱顺序为:水-30%乙醇-50%乙醇-70%乙醇-90%乙醇
洗脱速度为2mL/min,每换一次梯度前,洗脱液都要洗至几乎无色,每个梯度大概冲5BV(5个柱体积),约为45L。
经过上述活性评价结果确定金丝楠水溶性提取物具有明确的对慢性非萎缩性胃炎改善和治疗功效,其中30%和50%大孔吸附树脂醇洗脱部位是活性部位,对30%和50%部位通过薄层色谱及高效液相色谱分析,发现含有相同高含量化学成分,合并30%和50%部位进行目标化合物分离、纯化,结果如下。
2、活性化合物结构鉴定
采用硅胶、凝胶、MCI和ODS柱色谱及重结晶等一系列方法对活性部位(桢楠30%醇部位和50%醇部位合并)的主要化学成分进行分离纯化,利用1H NMR(图13)、13C NMR(图12)、质谱等技术对得到的化合物进行结构解析,最终得到一个化合物:Hinesolone。
Hinesolone,红色油状物质,易溶于氯仿、甲醇等溶剂,EIMS m/z[M]+236.17,分子式为C15H24O2,碳氢信号的归属如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.74(s,1H,H-1),2.58(dd,J=16.8,12.4Hz,1H,H-3),2.17(dd,J=16.8,11.6Hz,1H,H-3),1.97(s,3H,H-15),1.79-1.87(m,3H,H-8,H-4),1.49-1.60(m,3H,H-6,H-7,H-9),1.24(d,J=2.4Hz,6H,H-12,H-13),1.19(d,J=6.0Hz,2H,H-6,H-9),0.99(d,J=4.8Hz,3H,H-14),13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:199.2(C-2),167.4(C-10),125.3(C-1),71.4(C-11),52.8(C-7),50.2(C-5),43.0,(C-3),40.4(C-40),36.3(C-6),35.7(C-9),28.5(C-12),28.3(C-13),27.3(C-8),21.4(C-15),16.2,(C-14)。分析上述数据,并与文献对照,鉴定该化合物为Hinesolone,其结构式如图11所示。
综上,本发明桢楠水溶性成分具有明确的对慢性非萎缩性胃炎改善和治疗功效,试验小鼠体重明显上升,胃粘膜状态得到不同程度的改善,胃液pH有不同程度的下降,胃蛋白酶含量升高,桢楠水提物可通过调节促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6和抗炎因子IL-10水平变化来改善慢性非萎缩性胃炎造成的胃黏膜炎症损伤,发现了桢楠新的药用价值,具有良好的推广和应用价值。
Claims (4)
1.一种桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,该桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取桢楠木料,加入桢楠木料6-12倍重量的水,浸泡过夜,加热回流4-10h,冷却后过滤,收集滤液;滤渣加入其6-10倍重量的水重复提取,合并两次滤液,减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,得桢楠水提物总浸膏;
2)取步骤1)中桢楠水提物总浸膏,用其重量3-4倍超纯水溶解,过滤,滤液经D101或AS-8大孔吸附树脂柱色谱,依次用水、25-70%乙醇梯度洗脱,洗脱液减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,分别得桢楠水部位、25-70%醇部位浸膏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,该桢楠水溶性提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)取桢楠木料10kg,加入桢楠木料10倍重量的水,浸泡过夜,加热回流8h,冷却后过滤,收集滤液;滤渣加入其8倍重量的水重复提取,合并两次滤液,减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,得桢楠水提物总浸膏364g;
2)取桢楠水提物总浸膏97g,用300mL超纯水溶解,过滤,滤液经D101大孔吸附树脂柱色谱,依次用水、30%乙醇、50%乙醇、70%乙醇洗脱,洗脱液减压浓缩,水浴蒸干,分别得桢楠水部位、30%醇部位、50%醇部位、70%醇部位浸膏33.6、27.1、24.5、4.8g。
3.权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备的桢楠水溶性提取物在制备治疗慢性非萎缩性胃炎药物中的应用。
4.权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备的桢楠30%~50%醇部位浸膏在制备治疗慢性非萎缩性胃炎药物中的应用。
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