CN114601905B - 一种养血安眠口服液及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种养血安眠口服液及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药材开发技术领域,具体涉及一种养血安眠口服液及其制备工艺。所述养血安眠口服液以养血安眠组合物为原料,采用菌种发酵制得;重量份计,养血安眠组合物的组成为炒酸枣仁12份,当归10份,覆盆子10份,益智10份,茯苓10份,佛手6份,陈皮6份,炒山楂6份,栀子3份,肉桂2份。采用本发明获得的发酵口服液可以提高患者顺应性、感官性状较优,方便患者长期使用,达到提高养生保健防治未病的效果,对中药资源的开发及提高经济价值具有重要的实践意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药材开发技术领域,具体涉及一种养血安眠口服液及其制备工艺。
背景技术
失眠通常指患者对睡眠时间或质量不满足并影响白天社会功能的一种主观体验,是最常见的睡眠障碍性疾患,不同类型的失眠有不同表现。病情轻微者或难以入睡,或睡后易醒;严重者整晚难睡。失眠患者人数众多、人群分布广泛。据调查,我国患有各类睡眠障碍的人群占比高达38.2%,远超过全球27%的平均水平,老年人占到了整个失眠人群的70%,甚至部分青少年儿童也有受到失眠的困扰。目前西医主要是药物治疗,常用苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药物或抗抑郁药物进行治疗,长期大量使用会导致严重不良反应,使患者产生耐受性和依赖性。失眠在中医学中称为“不寐”、“不得眠”、“不得卧”等,与西医相比,中医药辨证分型治疗失眠具有一定优势,不仅对病证的针对性强,而且不良反应较小。中医药治疗失眠的系统评价和Meta分析结果提示,单纯使用中药汤剂比单纯使用西药治疗失眠更有效,且安全性更高。但是目前中药汤剂用量大、携带不方便、不能久贮、生物利用度低、顺应性、感官性状较差,无法商品化生产,因此,有必要开发一种顺应性、感官性状较优的发酵饮品,方便患者长期使用,达到提高养生保健防治未病的效果,提高患者的生活质量,对中药资源的开发及提高经济价值具有重要的实践意义。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提出了一种养血安眠口服液及其制备工艺,采用本发明获得的发酵饮品可以提高患者顺应性、感官性状较优,方便患者长期使用,达到提高养生保健防治未病的效果,对中药资源的开发及提高经济价值具有重要的实践意义。
本发明所述的一种养血安眠口服液,所述养血安眠口服液以养血安眠组合物为原料,采用菌种发酵制得;以重量份计,养血安眠组合物的原料组成为炒酸枣仁12份,当归10份,覆盆子10份,益智10份,茯苓10份,佛手6份,陈皮6份,炒山楂6份,栀子3份,肉桂2份。
所述的菌种为植物乳杆菌。
本发明中,酸枣仁为君药,酸枣仁有补血调肝、清心安神之功效,酸枣仁炒制则芳香入脾,合当归以生血,肝得血而养。益智燥脾温胃,加之佛手、陈皮、炒山楂,畅达脾胃气机、协理运化,使脾胃功能运化协调。本方君药炒酸枣仁为种仁类药物,炒山楂等亦可防止滋腻。茯苓甘淡平和,有健脾宁心之功效,心脾同调,失眠无忧。此外,肾水不达于上,心神扰动,难以安睡,方中以覆盆子收敛肾精,栀子以清心火,肉桂稍助肾之阳气,使阴精上溉滋养心神,三者共用使肾火不敢妄动,不至虚火上扰以动心神。如此心肝脾肾各安其好,睡眠得安。
所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其具体步骤为:
(1)按比例分别称取干燥、粉碎的养血安眠组合物原料粉末,加入蒸馏水,调节pH在4.2~4.5之间,调节碳源含量17%,灭菌,冷却,得发酵基质;向发酵基质中接种菌种,厌氧发酵,得发酵液;本发明采用柠檬酸调pH,有利于有效成分的溶出。
(2)将发酵液离心,将上清液倒出,得发酵上清液和滤渣;用蒸馏水超声提取滤渣,离心,得发酵滤渣液;
(3)将发酵上清液中加入澄清剂处理,得纯化液;
(4)将纯化液中加入矫味剂和防腐剂,调pH,搅拌均匀,静置,检查,过滤,灌装,灭菌,得成品。
步骤(1)中,以质量比计,养血安眠组合物原料粉末:蒸馏水=1:10。
步骤(1)中,采用低聚异麦芽糖或低聚果糖或木糖醇或赤藓糖醇调节碳源含量,优选易分解、利用率高、口感好的低聚异麦芽糖。
步骤(1)中,菌种与发酵基质的体积质量比为2.5%
步骤(2)中,发酵液离心速度为4000r·min-1,速度时间15min。
步骤(2)中,所述澄清剂的添加量1.4g·L-1、处理温度30℃、pH值3.5、处理时间为0.5h。
所述澄清剂为壳聚糖;所述矫味剂为甜菊糖苷,所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用微生物发酵,将原料经过特定的代谢途径转化为更易于被人体吸收、利用的产物,操作简单,发酵周期短,发酵效率高;
(2)发酵中药的药效是普通水提法中药的4~28倍,有时少量的药物就能起到显著的疗效,同时克服了中药汤剂用量大、携带不方便、不能久贮、无法商品化生产等缺点;
(3)发酵能明显提高养血安眠组合物中活性成分的含量及抗氧化活性的能力,具有更易吸收,生物利用度高,奏效快等优点,可以使该养血安眠方更好的发挥作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述整体工艺流程图;
图2为不同菌种发酵养血安眠方前后主要活性成分色谱图,其中A-335nm斯皮诺素;B-324nm阿魏酸;C-254nm鞣花酸;
图3为不同菌种发酵养血安眠方前后活性成分含量变化,其中A-斯皮诺素;B-阿魏酸;C-鞣花酸;D-总酚;E-总黄酮;F-总皂苷;
图4为不同菌种发酵养血安眠方前后抗氧化活性变化,其中A-DPPH自由基清除活性;B-羟自由基清除活性;C-FRAP铁离子还原能力。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种养血安眠口服液,以养血安眠组合物为原料,采用菌种发酵制得;重量份计,养血安眠组合物的组成为炒酸枣仁12份,当归10份,覆盆子10份,益智10份,茯苓10份,佛手6份,陈皮6份,炒山楂6份,栀子3份,肉桂2份。
所述的菌种为植物乳杆菌。
所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其具体步骤为:
(1)按比例分别称取经干燥、粉碎的养血安眠组合物原料粉末共100g(过60目筛),置于2000mL锥形瓶中,按1:10(M·M-1)的比例加入蒸馏水,加入柠檬酸调pH在4.2~4.5之间,使用低聚异麦芽糖(IMO)调碳源含量使其为17%,于121℃高压蒸汽灭菌30min,待其冷却至室温后,得发酵基质;向发酵基质中接种菌种,菌种与发酵基质的体积质量比为2.5%,于37℃条件下恒温厌氧培养72h,得发酵液;
(2)发酵液以4000r·min-1的速度离心15min,将上清液倒出,得发酵上清液和滤渣;用蒸馏水超声提取滤渣30min,离心,得发酵滤渣液;
(3)将发酵上清液中加入壳聚糖纯化处理,得纯化液;所述壳聚糖添加量1.4g·L-1、处理温度30℃、调节pH值3.5、处理时间为0.5h;
(4)将纯化液中加入矫味剂和防腐剂,搅拌均匀,静置,检查,过滤,灌装,灭菌,得成品。
实施例2菌种的筛选
1发酵液的制备
按比例分别称取经干燥、粉碎的养血安眠组合物原料粉末共100g(过60目筛),置于2000mL锥形瓶中,按1:10(M·M-1)的比例加入蒸馏水,加入柠檬酸调pH在4.2~4.5之间,使用低聚异麦芽糖(IMO)调碳源含量使其为17-17.5%,于121℃高压蒸汽灭菌30min,待其冷却至室温后,得发酵基质;向发酵基质中接种菌种,于37℃条件下恒温厌氧培养72h。发酵流程图见图1,各发酵条件见表1。
表1发酵条件及发酵前后碳源、pH值的变化
发酵液以4000r·min-1的速度离心15min,将上清液倒出,得发酵上清液和滤渣;再次用蒸馏水超声提取滤渣30min,并进行离心,得发酵滤渣液。
2未发酵样品的制备
取养血安眠方粉末50g置于1000mL圆底烧瓶中,加水500mL,加热回流提取两次,每次1h,合并滤液,于4℃储存备用。
3斯皮诺素、阿魏酸和鞣花酸含量测定
3.1色谱条件
色谱柱:Agilent 5 TC-C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);检测器:DAD检测器;流动相:乙腈(A)-0.5%乙酸水(B)二元线性洗脱,洗脱程序见表2;柱温:30℃;进样量:10μL;检测波长:鞣花酸245nm、阿魏酸324nm和斯皮诺素335nm。
表2二元线性洗脱程序
3.2对照品溶液的配制
分别精密称取斯皮诺素、阿魏酸和鞣花酸对照品适量制成浓度分别为0.1028mg·mL-1、0.102 2mg·mL-1、0.100 6mg·mL-1混合对照品溶液,于4℃保存备用。
3.3含量测定
取“1”和“2”项中的供试品溶液,用0.45μm微孔滤膜滤过,取续滤液,进样。分析不同菌种发酵前后养血安眠方中主要活性成分含量。
3.4线性关系考察
分别精密吸取“3.2”项下的混合对照品溶液0.5、2.5、5、25、50、100、150、200、250μL,置于5mL容量瓶中,加甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得系列对照品溶液;在“3.1”项色谱条件下进行测定。以峰面积(A)为纵坐标,浓度(μg·mL-1)为横坐标,计算回归方程,结果见表3。
表3线性关系
4总酚含量测定
配制不同浓度的没食子酸对照品溶液,各加入1mL福林酚试剂,1.5mL15%Na2CO3溶液,室温下避光反应30min,在760nm波长处测定其吸光度,根据没食子酸的不同浓度与吸光度值的关系,绘制标准曲线。建立回归方程Y=0.076 8X+0.006 6,R2=0.999 4。相同方法检测供试品溶液吸光度,利用回归方程计算总酚含量。
5总黄酮含量测定
配置不同浓度的芦丁对照品溶液,分别加入0.15mL 5%NaNO2溶液,反应6min,分别加入0.15mL 10%Al(NO3)3溶液,反应6min,再分别加入2mL 4%NaOH溶液,反应15min,用70%乙醇定容,以蒸馏水为空白,在510nm波长处测定其吸光度,根据芦丁的不同浓度-吸光度值的关系,绘制标准曲线。建立回归方程Y=2.623 7X+0.001 2,R2=0.9994。相同方法测定供试品溶液吸光度,利用回归方程计算总黄酮含量。
6总皂苷含量测定
采用香草醛显色法测定总皂苷含量。将不同浓度的酸枣仁皂苷A对照品溶液置于80℃挥干,分别加入5%香草醛-冰乙酸溶液0.2mL和高氯酸溶液0.8mL,摇匀,60℃水浴反应15min后冰水浴终止反应,放至室温,加入5mL冰乙酸溶液,震荡摇匀,静置15min,以无水乙醇作为空白对照,在472nm波长处测定其吸光度。根据酸枣仁皂苷A的不同浓度-吸光度值的关系,绘制标准曲线。建立回归方程Y=9.827 5X-0.002 5,R2=0.999 1。取供试品溶液按上述方法测定,利用回归方程计算总皂苷含量。
7抗氧化活性测定
7.1 DPPH自由基清除活性
取0.2mL样品和2mL 0.2mmol·L-1的DPPH无水乙醇溶液,混合均匀,室温下暗处理30min,于517nm波长处测定其吸光度Ai,用无水乙醇代替DPPH无水乙醇溶液,测吸光度Aj,用蒸馏水代替样品测吸光度Ac,使用VC做对照,根据VC的不同浓度-清除率的关系,绘制标准曲线,并按照下列公式计算DPPH自由基清除率:
建立回归方程为Y=777.6X+0.288,R2=0.9991。相同方法测定供试品溶液吸光度,利用回归方程计算供试品溶液DPPH自由基清除率。
7.2羟自由基清除活性
取6mmol·L-1FeSO4溶液和6mmol·L-1H2O2各0.3mL于试管中充分混合10min,加入样品1mL反应10min,加入0.3mL 6mmol·L-1的水杨酸避光温育30min,于510nm波长处测定其吸光度A1,用蒸馏水代替水杨酸溶液测吸光度A2,用蒸馏水代替样品测吸光度A0,使用VC做对照,根据VC的不同浓度-清除率的关系,绘制标准曲线,并根据下列公式计算羟自由基清除率:
建立回归方程Y=296.99X+55.908,R2=0.9993。相同方法测定供试品溶液吸光度,利用回归方程计算供试品溶液羟自由基清除率。
7.3总抗氧化能力(FRAP)
取0.3mL不同浓度的FeSO4·7H2O对照品溶液,加入3mL FRAP溶液,充分混合,反应10min,于593nm波长处测定其吸光度,根据FeSO4的不同浓度-吸光度值的关系,绘制标准曲线。根据FeSO4的不同浓度-吸光度值的关系,建立回归方程Y=1.800 8X+0.014,R2=0.9992。相同方法下测定供试品溶液吸光度,利用回归方程计算供试品溶液FRAP值。样品的FRAP值与提取的每克干样品中的FeSO4·7H2O mmol数相等。
8数据统计分析
试验结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。采用Origin 2019b软件对试验数据进行统计与绘图,使用SPSS22.0统计软件独立样本T检验分析量子样本数据之间的显著性,单因素方差分析(ANOVA,one-way analysis of variance)多组样本数据之间的显著性,p<0.05表示存在显著性差异。以主要活性成分含量和抗氧化活性为指标,首先对原始数据进行标准化处理,再进行主成分分析。
9结果与分析
由图2可以看出不同菌种条件发酵养血安眠方前后主要活性成分含量发生了较大变化。不同菌种发酵养血安眠方主要活性成分含量及抗氧化活性如图3、图4所示,发酵后样品的发酵上清液主要活性成分含量均大于发酵滤渣液(p<0.05),
10主成分分析法筛选最优菌种
本研究利用SPSS 22.0对未经发酵养血安眠方和分别经过7种不同菌种发酵的养血安眠口服液的总酚、总黄酮、总皂苷、羟自由基清除活性、DPPH自由基清除活性、FRAP铁离子还原能力、斯皮诺素、阿魏酸和鞣花酸共9项指标进行主成分分析,结果见表4。PCA结果表明,使用植物乳杆菌(其余发酵条件:料液比为1:10、糖度17%及发酵时间为72h)发酵样品综合得分最高,发酵效果最好。
表4主成分特征值、方差贡献率及累积方差贡献率
表5主成分得分及综合得分
实施例3养血安眠口服液澄清工艺研究
在单因素试验的基础上,以养血安眠口服液综合得分为响应值,以壳聚糖添加量(A)、处理温度(B)、pH值(C)和处理时间(D)作为考察因素,以-1、0、1分别代表低、中、高三个水平,利用响应面对其澄清条件进行优化,因素水平见表6。
表6响应面因素水平表
响应面试验设计方案及养血安眠口服液综合得分见表7,回归方程的方差分析见表8。
表7响应面试验方案及结果
利用Design-Expert V8.0.6软件对表7中的数据进行多元回归拟合,得到综合评分与各因素的二次多项回归方程模型为:综合评分=81.67-0.14A+0.032B-0.46C-0.56D-0.16AB-0.59AC-0.20AD-0.30BC+0.33BD+0.068CD-0.56A2-0.27B2-0.46C2-0.36D2
表8响应面方差分析结果
注:“*”表示显著(P<0.05);“**”表示极显著(P<0.01)
对回归方程的最值求解,得到了模型极值点,即壳聚糖添加量、处理温度、pH值和处理时间分别为1.481g·L-1、28.001℃、3.653和0.545h时,响应值Y值达到最大,即养血安眠口服液澄清综合得分达到最大值,修正壳聚糖添加量、处理温度、pH值和处理时间为1.4g·L-1、30℃、3.5和0.5h。
实施例4养血安眠口服液矫味剂和防腐剂的筛选
按照最优发酵工艺流程(料液比为1:10、糖度为17%、发酵时间为72h、发酵菌种为单一菌种植物乳杆菌)对养血安眠方进行发酵,发酵液4000r·min-1离心10min,取上清液,按最优澄清工艺(即壳聚糖添加量为1.4g·L-1、处理温度为30℃、pH值为3.5、处理时间为0.5h)进行纯化、浓缩。
取发酵养血安眠口服液,添加矫味剂和防腐剂进行调配。由10人组成感官评价小组,确保评价人员2小时内未食用有明显味道的食品,随机给予品尝不同调配方法的发酵养血安眠口服液(样品采用一次性透明杯盛装,杯体无任何标记),并通过感官评分标准(表9)对样品口感进行评价并赋分,记录并统计,确定产品调配方法。
表9感官评分标准
最终确定甜菊糖苷和山梨酸钾添加量分别为0.2g·kg-1和0.5g·kg-1。
实施例5养血安眠口服液质量标准研究及稳定性研究
按最优发酵工艺及最优制剂工艺制备发酵养血安眠口服液,并对其进行感官评价、性状检查、pH值检查、相对密度检查、装量差异检查、微生物限度检查、薄层鉴别(炒酸枣仁、当归)、主要活性成分含量测定(斯皮诺素、阿魏酸、鞣花酸、总酚、总黄酮和总皂苷)、营养成分含量测定(脂肪、蛋白质、水分、灰分、膳食纤维、碳水化合物、能量、钠离子含量)、光照影响试验、温度影响试验和加速试验。
最终确定发酵养血安眠口服液为红褐色液体,有光泽,味微酸甜,有发酵香气,口感柔和;该液体制剂为澄清液体,贮存期间不得有发霉、酸败或其他变质现象,允许有少量摇之即散的沉淀;调pH4.5~5.0为了口感复合大众口味;;相对密度应不低于最小值1.1024(20℃);薄层鉴别时应出现对应斑点;本品每1mL含炒酸枣仁以斯皮诺素计,不得少于25.5746μg;每1mL含阿魏酸不得少于14.7836μg;每1mL含鞣花酸不得少于75.6591μg;每1mL含总酚以没食子酸计,不得少于1.2175mg;每1mL含总黄酮以芦丁计,不得少于3.2989mg;每1mL含总皂苷以酸枣仁皂苷A计,不得少于24.1783mg;营养成分均在合理范围内;可日光常温保存,保质期初步定为2年。
Claims (9)
1.一种养血安眠口服液,其特征在于,所述养血安眠口服液以养血安眠组合物为原料,采用菌种发酵制得;以重量份计,养血安眠组合物的原料组成为炒酸枣仁12份,当归10份,覆盆子10份,益智10份,茯苓10份,佛手6份,陈皮6份,炒山楂6份,栀子3份,肉桂2份;
所述的菌种为植物乳杆菌。
2.权利要求1所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,其具体步骤为:
(1)按比例分别称取干燥、粉碎的养血安眠组合物原料粉末,加入蒸馏水,调节pH在4.2~4.5之间,调节碳源含量17%,灭菌,冷却,得发酵基质;向发酵基质中接种菌种,厌氧发酵,得发酵液;
(2)将发酵液离心,将上清液倒出,得发酵上清液和滤渣;
(3)将发酵上清液中加入澄清剂处理,得纯化液;
(4)将纯化液中加入矫味剂和防腐剂,调pH,搅拌均匀,静置,检查,过滤,灌装,灭菌,得成品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,以质量比计,养血安眠组合物原料粉末:蒸馏水=1:10。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,采用低聚异麦芽糖或低聚果糖或木糖醇或赤藓糖醇调节碳源含量。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,菌种与发酵基质的体积质量比为2.5%
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,发酵液离心速度为4000r·min-1,速度时间15min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述澄清剂的添加量1.4g·L-1、处理温度30℃、pH值3.5、处理时间为0.5h。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述澄清剂为壳聚糖;所述矫味剂为甜菊糖苷,所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种养血安眠口服液的制备工艺,其特征在于,还包括发酵液中有效成分的检测,所述有效成分为鞣花酸、阿魏酸和斯皮诺素;具体色谱条件为:色谱柱:Agilent 5TC-C18柱,250mm×4.6mm,5μm;检测器:DAD检测器;流动相A为乙腈,流动相B为0.5%乙酸水溶液,二元线性洗脱;柱温:30℃;进样量:10μL;检测波长:鞣花酸245nm、阿魏酸324nm和斯皮诺素335nm。
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