CN114574146A - 一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及胶黏剂技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂及其制备方法,本发明的胶黏剂,通过合成的酐类聚酯多元醇,再与己二酸类聚酯多元醇、醇类扩链剂、异氰酸酯、胺类扩链剂、DMF、丁酮和多异氰酸酯复配,通过引入支链结构和苯酐结构,降低分子链的结晶度,并提高胶黏剂的耐水性能和耐热性能,并选用醇类扩链剂和胺类扩链剂分步反应,使分子链中同时含有氨基甲酸酯基和取代脲基团,进一步提高了粘接力和耐热性能;本发明的制备方法,通过分子结构方面的设计和改进,在该胶黏剂中,引入支链结构和苯酐结构,降低分子链的结晶度,可以提高胶黏剂的耐水性能,此外,本发明的制备方法,工艺简单,制备容易,满足大批量生产制造的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胶黏剂技术领域,特别是涉及一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,大大刺激了具有豪华装饰效果和防腐蚀性能有色金属在建筑行业的应用。然而,有色金属相对资源稀缺,成本也较为昂贵。在此背景下,金属复合板应运而生,此类金属板利用特殊的复合方法将较为稀有的金属与较低成本的铝板,钢板或镀锌板等复合在一起以降低其成本,此外金属复合板既可以保证原有产品质感,还可以兼具两种金属材料的特性。
现有的金属复合技术主要有爆炸复合、热轧复合和粘接复合。其中爆炸复合和热轧复合技术不仅投资规模巨大,且工艺复杂,危险系数较高。目前国内大多数相关企业,采用的多是粘接复合法。粘接复合法主要通过在金属之间涂覆一层高分子树脂或者放置一层高分子薄膜,类似热熔胶膜,通过加热金属,让高分子树脂或薄膜产生粘性,并在压力的作用下进行复合。如专利CN101396888B通过挤出机将改性聚烯烃挤压到金属板上,然后进行迅速热压层叠,并迅速冷却的方法来制备复合金属板。但是该方法无法使金属与金属之间的粘结面有序连接,制备出的板材在进行冷压变型中,容易出现应力集中导致产品性能失效。
聚氨酯具有优异的粘接性能和抗断裂性能优异,目前国内已有相关企业用聚氨酯来作为金属复合板的粘接材料。如专利CN102873936B,用聚苯醚改性的聚氨酯胶黏剂来实现金属板材的复合,但聚苯醚与聚氨酯体系的相容性较差,很容易使粘结层在长期使用过程中产生分层,从而导致粘接力不均匀产生使用上的风险。目前,适用于此类金属板粘接的聚氨酯产品,主要来自国外。目前,尚未见到国内胶黏剂企业对此块的产品开发的相关报道。
本发明旨在提供一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂及其制备方法,以更好地解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂及其制备方法,其通过引入支链结构和苯酐结构,同时通过醇类和胺类扩链剂进行扩链反应,使其分子主链中同时含有氨基甲酸酯基和取代脲,进一步加强其耐热性能,以更好地适用于金属板之间复合。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,该胶黏剂为包含主剂和固化剂的双组分胶水,其中主剂包括如下重量份数的组分:
苯酐类聚酯多元醇 75-100份,
己二酸类聚酯多元醇 25-35份,
醇类扩链剂 1-4份,
异氰酸酯 20-40份,
胺类扩链剂 4-8份,
DMF 45-65份,
丁酮 85-115份;
其中固化剂为多异氰酸酯,含量为主剂重量的15-20%。
进一步地,所述苯酐类聚酯多元醇由摩尔比为1:1.05-1.2的二元酸和二元醇合成。
进一步地,所述二元醇为乙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、二甘醇、新戊二醇和1,2-丙二醇中的多种组合,且所述二元醇中至少含有新戊二醇和1,2-丙二醇中的一种。
进一步地,所述二元酸为邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、己二酸和葵二酸中的多种组合,且所述二元醇中至少含有邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸中的一种。
进一步地,所述己二酸类聚酯多元醇为聚己二酸丁二醇二元醇、聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇二元醇和聚己二酸丁二醇二元醇中的一种。
进一步地,所述醇类扩链剂为乙二醇和/或1,4-丁二醇。
进一步地,所述胺类扩链剂为亚甲基二苯胺、3,5-二乙基甲苯二胺和3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺中的一种或多种组合。
进一步地,所述异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;所述多异氰酸酯为科思创L-75。
上述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂的制备方法,包含如下制备步骤:
S1:合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇
按摩尔份数将计量好的二元醇和二元酸加入反应容器中,在160-220℃进行酯化和缩聚反应,接着进行抽真空,并逐步提高真空度至-0.06MPa到-0.09MPa,减压除去微量水和多余的二醇化合物,温度控制在220-240℃,时间控制在3-4h,使反应向生成低酸值聚酯多元醇的方向进行,直至酸值控制在0.5-1.0mgKOH/g,羟值在33-59mgKOH/g之间,最终得到分子量在2000-3000的苯酐类聚酯多元醇;
S2:制备主料
按重量份数,将上述合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇75-100份,己二酸类聚酯多元醇25-35份,醇类扩链剂1-4份,45-65份的DMF在50-60℃混合10-20min,接着加入20-40份的异氰酸酯,将温度缓慢升至70-80℃,反应1h,然后加入35-55份的丁酮,并将温度降至50-60℃,分多批次加入胺类扩链剂,同时视粘度情况,加入剩余25-35份丁酮,继续反应3-4h,取样测试NCO,待无NCO残留,加入剩余15-30份的丁酮,搅拌5-10min,降温收料,得到主料;
S3:配置胶黏剂
按重量份数,取上述主料100份,加入多异氰酸酯15-20份,用适量乙酯或丁酮稀释成40%-45%的溶液,即为胶黏剂。
进一步地,S1中进行酯化和缩聚反应时,于160-170℃保温3h,170-180℃保温1h,180-190℃保温1h,200-210℃保温1h,210-220℃保温1h,控制分馏塔的温度在100-120℃,待实际出水量达到理论出水量95%-100%时,此时体系的酸值为20-30mgKOH/g,再进行抽真空。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明的胶黏剂,通过合成的苯酐类聚酯多元醇、己二酸类聚酯多元醇、醇类扩链剂、异氰酸酯、胺类扩链剂、DMF、丁酮和多异氰酸酯复配,通过引入支链结构和苯酐结构,降低分子链的结晶度,并提高胶黏剂的耐水性能和耐热性能,有效保证其优异的粘接性能,利用苯酐类聚酯多元醇与己二酸类聚酯多元醇复配,既可以有效降低产品成本,又可以提高胶黏剂的初始粘接力,并通过选用醇类扩链剂和胺类扩链剂,分步进行反应,使分子链中同时含有氨基甲酸酯基和取代脲基团,进一步提高了粘接力和耐热性能;
2、本发明的制备方法,通过分子结构方面的设计和改进,在该胶黏剂中,引入支链结构和苯酐结构,降低分子链的结晶度,可以提高胶黏剂的耐水性能,在保证其优异的粘接性能条件下,通过醇类和胺类扩链剂进行扩链反应,使其分子主链中同时含有氨基甲酸酯基和取代脲,进一步加强其耐热性能,使其可以更好地适用于金属板之间的胶接复合,此外,本发明的制备方法,工艺简单,制备容易,满足大批量生产制造的要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1-3中的制备流程图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将参照实施例对本发明进行更全面的描述,以下给出了本发明的较佳实施例。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。实施例中使用到的各类原料,除非另有说明,均为常见市售产品。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本发明实施例中揭露的数值是近似值,而并非确定值。在误差或者实验条件允许的情况下,可以包括在误差范围内的所有值而不限于本发明实施例中公开的具体数值。
本发明实施例中揭露的数值范围用于表示在混合物中的组分的相对量以及其他方法实施例中列举的温度或者其他参数的范围。
此处需要说明的是,下面实施例中用到的组分的简称分别为:
二元醇:乙二醇(EG),丁二醇(BDO),己二醇(HDO),二甘醇(DEG),新戊二醇(NPG),1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PG)。
二元酸:邻苯二甲酸(PA),对苯二甲酸(PTA),间苯二甲酸(IPA),己二酸(AA),葵二酸(SA)。
己二酸类聚酯多元醇:聚己二酸丁二醇二元醇(PHA),聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇二元醇(PEBA),聚己二酸丁二醇二元醇(PBA)。
醇类扩链剂:乙二醇(EG),1,4-丁二醇(BDO)。
异氰酸酯:二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-100)。
胺类扩链剂:亚甲基二苯胺(MDA),3,5-二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA),3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA)。
多异氰酸酯固化剂:科思创的L-75。
下面为本申请的具体实施例
实施例1
本实施例提供一种适用于金属板复合用胶黏剂的制备方法,其制备方法如下:
S1:合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇
按摩尔份数将计量好的88.16份的1,2-PG,83份的IPA和73份的AA加入反应器中,在160-220℃进行酯化和缩聚反应,其中,于160-170℃保温3h,170-180℃保温1h,180-190℃保温1h,200-210℃保温1h,210-220℃保温1h,控制分馏塔的温度在100-120℃,待实际出水量达到理论出水量95%-100%时,此时体系的酸值为25mgKOH/g;接着进行抽真空,并逐步提高真空度至-0.06MPa到-0.09MPa,减压除去微量水和多余的二醇化合物,温度控制在220-240℃,时间控制在3-4h,使反应向生成低酸值聚酯多元醇的方向进行,直至酸值达到0.54mgKOH/g,羟值55.4mgKOH/g之间,最终得到分子量为2005的苯酐类聚酯多元醇;
S2:制备主料
将上述合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇75份,30份PHA-2000,1.4份的EG,48.11份的DMF在50-60℃混合10-20min,先加入25.63份的MDI-100,将温度缓慢升至70-80℃,反应1h,然后加入27.49份的丁酮,并将温度降至50-60℃。分多批次加入5.45份的DDM,同时视粘度情况,加入剩余20.62份丁酮,继续反应3-4h,取样测试NCO,待无NCO残留,加入剩余41.24份的丁酮,搅拌5-10min,降温收料,最终得到固含量为50±2%,粘度为3000-5000mpa.s/25℃的主料;
S3:配置胶黏剂
取上述主料100份,加入多异氰酸酯固化剂(L-75)20份,用适量乙酯或丁酮稀释成40%的溶液(控制涂布粘度为1000-3000mpa.s)作为胶黏剂进行应用性能评估。
实施例2:
本实施例提供一种适用于金属板复合用胶黏剂的制备方法,其制备方法如下:
S1:合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇
按摩尔份数将计量好的48.98份的EG,25.84份的1,2-PG,49.8份的PTA和102.2份的AA加入反应器中,在160-220℃进行酯化和缩聚反应,其中,于160-170℃保温3h,170-180℃保温1h,180-190℃保温1h,200-210℃保温1h,210-220℃保温1h,控制分馏塔的温度在100-120℃,待实际出水量达到理论出水量95%-100%时,此时体系的酸值为23mgKOH/g,接着进行抽真空,并逐步提高真空度至-0.06MPa到-0.09MPa,减压除去微量水和多余的二醇化合物,温度控制在220-240℃,时间控制在3-4h,使反应向生成低酸值聚酯多元醇的方向进行,直至酸值达到0.65mgKOH/g,羟值44.2mgKOH/g之间,最终得到分子量为2502的苯酐类聚酯多元醇;
S2:制备主料
按重量份数,将上述合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇87.5份,28份PBA-2000,3.6份的BDO,54.75份的DMF在50-60℃混合10-20min,先加入30.38份的MDI-100,将温度缓慢升至70-80℃,反应1h,然后加入31.29份的丁酮,并将温度降至50-60℃,分多批次加入6.96份的DMTDA,同时视粘度情况,加入剩余23.46份丁酮,继续反应3-4h,取样测试NCO,待无NCO残留,加入剩余46.93份的丁酮,搅拌5-10min,降温收料,最终得到固含量为50±2%,粘度为4000-6000mpa.s/25℃的主料;
S3:配置胶黏剂
取上述主料100份,加入多异氰酸酯固化剂(L-75)20份,用适量乙酯或丁酮稀释成45%的溶液(控制涂布粘度为1000-3000mpa.s)作为胶黏剂进行应用性能评估。
实施例3:
本实施例提供一种适用于金属板复合用胶黏剂的制备方法,其制备方法如下:
S1:合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇
按摩尔份数将计量好的74.2份的DEG,48.89份的NPG,74.7份的IPA和111.1份的SA加入反应器中,在160-220℃进行酯化和缩聚反应(其中,160-170℃保温3h,170-180℃保温1h,180-190℃保温1h,200-210℃保温1h,210-220℃保温1h),控制分馏塔的温度在100-120℃,待实际出水量达到理论出水量95%-100%时,此时体系的酸值为27mgKOH/g。接着进行抽真空,并逐步提高真空度至-0.06MPa到-0.09MPa,减压除去微量水和多余的二醇化合物,温度控制在220-240℃,时间控制在3-4h,使反应向生成低酸值聚酯多元醇的方向进行,直至酸值达到0.72mgKOH/g,羟值36.7mgKOH/g之间,最终得到分子量为2998的苯酐类聚酯多元醇。
S2:制备主料
按重量份数,将上述合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇97.5份,35份PEBA-2000,2.33份的BDO,60.25份的DMF在50-60℃混合10-20min,先加入30.63份的MDI-100,将温度缓慢升至70-80℃,反应1h,然后加入34.43份的丁酮,并将温度降至50-60℃,分多批次加入6.69份的DETDA,同时视粘度情况,加入剩余25.82份丁酮,继续反应3-4h,取样测试NCO,待无NCO残留,加入剩余51.64份的丁酮,搅拌5-10min,降温收料,最终得到固含量为50±2%,粘度为5000-7000mpa.s/25℃的主料;
S3:配置胶黏剂
取上述主料100份,加入多异氰酸酯固化剂(L-75)20份,用适量乙酯或丁酮稀释成45%的溶液(控制涂布粘度为1000-3000mpa.s)作为胶黏剂进行应用性能评估。
对比案例:
本对比案例与实施案例1-3的区别在于,该主剂为韩国竞品,固化剂为L-75,其质量配比比例为100/15,其余施工工艺与实施案例1-3相同。
具体地,实施例1-3及对比案例中的性能评估分三个步骤11、在已处理的0.05mm的不锈钢和1.5mm的铝合金的表层分别涂覆80g/㎡厚的湿胶(干胶量控制在30-35g/㎡之间),然后放置230℃的烤箱上进行烘烤30秒;
12、将涂覆有胶黏剂的两面金属板面对面的进行叠加,并用0.3-0.6MPa的压力下进行辊压,并迅速放置在水中冷却10秒;
13、裁剪样品,尺寸为120mm*25mm,待测试。
测试方法如下:
初始剥离力:将水冷后的样品,裁剪好后,即可测试180°剥离力,测试速度为150mm/min,用于评估胶黏剂的快速固化能力;
弯折性能测试:将水冷后的样品,裁剪好后,即刻将样条弯折成90°,用肉眼观察复合好的板材是否开裂,若开裂则无效,则无需进行进一步测试;
最终剥离力:将裁切好的样品,放置在50℃的烘箱,熟化48h后,测试180°剥离力,测试速度为150mm/min;
冷热冲击测试:将熟化好的板材,待冷却到室温,将其弯折成90°放置-40到85℃的冷热冲击箱中,升温和降温速率为10℃/h,来回5个周期,观察板材是否开裂;
耐热性能:将熟化好的样品,放置在250℃的烘箱里,放置4h,取样待样品冷却至室温,测试180°剥离力。
测试数据如表1所示:
由表1可知,实施例1-3所制备的胶黏剂均具有优异的快速固化、耐热性能和粘接性能,能与国外成品达到同一梯队的水平,具体地,本发明的制备方法,通过分子结构方面的设计和改进,在该胶黏剂中,引入支链结构和苯酐结构,降低分子链的结晶度,可以提高胶黏剂的耐水性能,在保证其优异的粘接性能条件下,通过醇类和胺类扩链剂进行扩链反应,使其分子主链中同时含有氨基甲酸酯基和取代脲,进一步加强其耐热性能,使其可以更好地适用于金属板之间的胶接复合,此外,本发明的制备方法,工艺简单,制备容易,满足大批量生产制造的要求。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,该胶黏剂为包含主剂和固化剂的双组分胶水,其中主剂包括如下重量份数的组分:
苯酐类聚酯多元醇75-100份,
己二酸类聚酯多元醇25-35份,
醇类扩链剂1-4份,
异氰酸酯20-40份,
胺类扩链剂4-8份,
DMF 45-65份,
丁酮85-115份;
其中固化剂为多异氰酸酯,含量为主剂重量的15-20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述苯酐类聚酯多元醇由摩尔比为1:1.05-1.2的二元酸和二元醇合成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述二元醇为乙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、二甘醇、新戊二醇和1,2-丙二醇中的多种组合,且所述二元醇中至少含有新戊二醇和1,2-丙二醇中的一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述二元酸为邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、己二酸和葵二酸中的多种组合,且所述二元醇中至少含有邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述己二酸类聚酯多元醇为聚己二酸丁二醇二元醇、聚己二酸乙二醇丁二醇二元醇和聚己二酸丁二醇二元醇中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述醇类扩链剂为乙二醇和/或1,4-丁二醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述胺类扩链剂为亚甲基二苯胺、3,5-二乙基甲苯二胺和3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺中的一种或多种组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;所述多异氰酸酯为科思创L-75。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下制备步骤:
S1:合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇
按摩尔份数将计量好的二元醇和二元酸加入反应容器中,在160-220℃进行酯化和缩聚反应,接着进行抽真空,并逐步提高真空度至-0.06MPa到-0.09MPa,减压除去微量水和多余的二醇化合物,温度控制在220-240℃,时间控制在3-4h,使反应向生成低酸值聚酯多元醇的方向进行,直至酸值控制在0.5-1.0mgKOH/g,羟值在33-59mgKOH/g之间,最终得到分子量在2000-3000的苯酐类聚酯多元醇;
S2:制备主料
按重量份数,将上述合成苯酐类聚酯多元醇75-100份,己二酸类聚酯多元醇25-35份,醇类扩链剂1-4份,45-65份的DMF在50-60℃混合10-20min,接着加入20-40份的异氰酸酯,将温度缓慢升至70-80℃,反应1h,然后加入35-55份的丁酮,并将温度降至50-60℃,分多批次加入胺类扩链剂,同时视粘度情况,加入剩余25-35份丁酮,继续反应3-4h,取样测试NCO,待无NCO残留,加入剩余15-30份的丁酮,搅拌5-10min,降温收料,得到主料;
S3:配置胶黏剂
按重量份数,取上述主料100份,加入多异氰酸酯15-20份,用适量乙酯或丁酮稀释成40%-45%的溶液,即为胶黏剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的适用于金属复合板的胶黏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中进行酯化和缩聚反应时,于160-170℃保温3h,170-180℃保温1h,180-190℃保温1h,200-210℃保温1h,210-220℃保温1h,控制分馏塔的温度在100-120℃,待实际出水量达到理论出水量95%-100%时,此时体系的酸值为20-30mgKOH/g,再进行抽真空。
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