CN114568251A - Gardening culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gardening culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114568251A CN114568251A CN202011291100.6A CN202011291100A CN114568251A CN 114568251 A CN114568251 A CN 114568251A CN 202011291100 A CN202011291100 A CN 202011291100A CN 114568251 A CN114568251 A CN 114568251A
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- loam soil
- soil base
- liquid fertilizer
- wood chips
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a gardening cultivation medium and a manufacturing method thereof, the production process is advanced, firstly, a loam soil base is subjected to insolation sterilization, beneficial bacteria in the loam soil base are prevented from being killed by high-temperature sterilization and drug sterilization, and seedlings can absorb nutrients in soil more favorably; the method comprises the steps of soaking rice husks and wood chips in corresponding liquid chemical fertilizers by adopting a soaking method, then mixing the rice husks and the wood chips with a loam soil base, so that the continuous storage time of the fertilizers in the loam soil base can be prolonged, the problem that the fertilizers are easy to run off is avoided, the use of the wood chips is reduced, different liquid chemical fertilizer formulas can be selected according to different seedlings to be cultivated, and the problems that the nutrient contents of cultivation matrixes produced by the traditional method are consistent and the requirements of different seedlings cannot be met are solved; the addition of the soft straw and the rice husk ensures that the loam soil base is not too loose and can not be hardened and caked, thereby being more beneficial to the root development and transplantation of the seedling and having stronger practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling culture, and particularly relates to a horticultural cultivation medium and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The seedling raising is to raise plant seedling, and the seedling raising method is to raise seedling in specially set seedling bed for transplanting in production field. The seedling raising method is mostly adopted for crops such as rice, sweet potatoes, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers and the like. Depending on the field and facilities, the method can be classified into a protected field seedling method, an open field seedling method, an industrial seedling method, a soilless seedling method, a block seedling method, a nutrition pot seedling method and the like. Compared with direct seeding method, the method has the advantages that it creates the required environmental conditions according to the characteristics of the growth and development of the crops in the seedling stage, adopts advanced seedling raising technology to carry out centralized management so as to culture seedlings with good quality and sufficient quantity. The seedling raising has the functions of sowing in advance in seasons unsuitable for growth, prolonging the growth period of crops and leading the crops to mature in advance; the method is convenient for fine management, promotes the seedlings to grow strongly and have strong vitality, and lays a good foundation for high yield and high quality; the land is economically utilized, the multiple cropping index is improved, and the yield and the output value per unit area are increased.
The seedling culture needs certain facilities and more investment and labor, and has stronger technical performance. The environmental conditions of the seedling stage are comprehensively influenced by the conditions of seedling raising equipment and cultivation techniques (such as seeding stage, density, seedling age and the like), so that various effective seedling raising facilities and techniques are adopted according to production requirements according to the local factors, the temperature, illumination, moisture and nutrition conditions are controlled, the seedbed management is carried out in time, then the field planting is carried out in time, and good production benefits can be obtained. With the continuous development of agricultural production technology and seedling raising technology, the variety and area of crops adopting the method are increasing day by day.
The key of seedling cultivation lies in the selection of a cultivation medium besides temperature and light, and the current cultivation medium for garden seedling cultivation still has some unreasonable factors in the seedling cultivation process, and when in use: nutrient components in the matrix run off quickly, and no good components for storing nutrients exist, so that the culture period of the seedlings is not finished, nutrient solution needs to be supplemented regularly, and more manpower and material resources need to be consumed; meanwhile, the components of the matrix are not reasonable enough, and more sawdust and rotten leaves are filled, so that the soil is too loose and water cannot be retained; and when the wood chips and the rotten leaves are less, the soil matrix is easy to agglomerate and harden, the root growth and the transplanting of seedlings are not facilitated, and the practicability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a horticultural cultivation medium and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a gardening culture medium and a manufacturing method thereof comprise the following steps:
step 1: spreading the loam soil base on a wood board, airing for 2 days, and turning over once every 3 hours in the airing period;
step 2: pouring the rice husks and the sawdust into 20-25 times of the liquid fertilizer by weight, sealing and soaking for 1-1.5 days;
and step 3: taking out the rice husks and the saw dust in the step 2, standing for 6-8 hours, and draining off the residual liquid fertilizer on the surfaces of the rice husks and the saw dust;
and 4, step 4: performing aerobic composting and high-temperature fermentation on the poultry manure, and drying until the water content is lower than 15%;
and 5: crushing the straws in a crusher, mixing the crushed straws with plant ash, vermiculite, the loam soil base in the step 1, the rice hulls and the wood chips soaked with the liquid fertilizer in the step 3 and the poultry manure fermented in the step 4, and stirring and mixing the mixture in a high-speed mixer;
step 6: and (5) packaging the mixture stirred in the step (5) into each separate plastic bag to obtain a finished horticultural cultivation medium.
Preferably, the liquid fertilizer in step 2 comprises the following components: 97.2% of water, 0.3% of ammonium phosphate, 1.5% of potassium nitrate, 0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5% of ammonium nitrate and 0.2% of ferrous sulfate respectively, and the components of the liquid fertilizer can be changed according to the seedlings to be cultivated.
Preferably, the weight of the rice husks and the wood chips aired after soaking in the step 3 is 3-5 times of the initial weight.
Preferably, the stirring parameters of the high-speed mixer in the step 5 are as follows: stirring the mixture for 10 to 20min at the rotating speed of 200-400 r/min.
Preferably, the horticultural cultivation substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of loam soil base, 3-7 parts of poultry manure, 3-5 parts of plant ash, 1-3 parts of vermiculite, 5-7 parts of rice hull, 3-5 parts of straw and 4-6 parts of sawdust; the water content of the loam soil base is lower than 12%, and the loam soil base comprises the following raw materials: 55% of clay and 45% of sandy soil.
Preferably, the straws are dried straws, and the water content of the straws is 10% -15%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the production process is advanced, firstly, the loam soil base is subjected to insolation sterilization, so that beneficial bacteria in the loam soil base are prevented from being killed by high-temperature sterilization and drug sterilization, and seedlings can absorb nutrients in the soil more easily; the method comprises the steps of soaking rice husks and wood chips in corresponding liquid chemical fertilizers by adopting a soaking method, then mixing the rice husks and the wood chips with a loam soil base, so that the continuous storage time of the fertilizers in the loam soil base can be prolonged, the problem that the fertilizers are easy to run off is avoided, the use of the wood chips is reduced, different liquid chemical fertilizer formulas can be selected according to different seedlings to be cultivated, and the problems that the nutrient contents of cultivation matrixes produced by the traditional method are consistent and the requirements of different seedlings cannot be met are solved; the addition of the soft straw and the rice husk ensures that the loam soil base is not too loose and can not be hardened and caked, thereby being more beneficial to the root development and transplantation of the seedling and having stronger practicability.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a gardening culture medium and a manufacturing method thereof comprise the following steps:
step 1: spreading 30 parts of loam soil base on a wood board, airing for 2 days, and turning over once every 3 hours in the period;
step 2: pouring 5 parts of rice husks and 4 parts of wood chips into 20-25 times of liquid fertilizer by weight, and hermetically soaking for 1-1.5 days;
and step 3: taking out the rice husks and the saw dust in the step 2, standing for 6-8 hours, and draining off the residual liquid fertilizer on the surfaces of the rice husks and the saw dust;
and 4, step 4: 3 parts of poultry manure is fermented at high temperature through aerobic composting and then dried until the water content is lower than 15 percent;
and 5: 3 parts of straws are put into a crusher to be crushed, and then the crushed straws are mixed with 3 parts of plant ash, 1 part of vermiculite, the loam soil base in the step 1, the rice hulls and the wood chips after the liquid fertilizer is soaked in the step 3 and the poultry manure fermented in the step 4, and the mixture is put into a high-speed mixer to be stirred and mixed;
step 6: and (5) packaging the mixture stirred in the step (5) into each separate plastic bag to obtain a finished horticultural cultivation medium.
In order to use different liquid fertilizers according to different young plants, in this embodiment, the liquid fertilizer in step 2 preferably comprises: 97.2% of water, 0.3% of ammonium phosphate, 1.5% of potassium nitrate, 0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5% of ammonium nitrate and 0.2% of ferrous sulfate respectively, and the components of the liquid fertilizer can be changed according to the seedlings to be cultivated.
In order to make the rice husk and wood chips absorb sufficient nutrients, in this embodiment, the weight of the rice husk and wood chips dried after soaking in step 3 is preferably 3-5 times of the initial weight.
In order to mix the raw materials more fully, in this embodiment, the preferred stirring parameters of the high-speed mixer in step 5 are: stirring for 10-20min at the rotation speed of 200-400 r/min.
In order to enable the straws to have good water storage capacity, in the embodiment, the preferable straws are dried straws, and the water content of the straws is 10% -15%.
Example 2
A gardening culture medium and a manufacturing method thereof comprise the following steps:
step 1: spreading 40 parts of loam soil base on a wood board, airing for 2 days, and turning over once every 3 hours in the period;
step 2: pouring 6 parts of rice husks and 5 parts of wood chips into 20-25 times of liquid fertilizer by weight, and hermetically soaking for 1-1.5 days;
and 3, step 3: taking out the rice husks and the saw dust in the step 2, standing for 6-8 hours, and draining off the residual liquid fertilizer on the surfaces of the rice husks and the saw dust;
and 4, step 4: carrying out aerobic composting and high-temperature fermentation on 5 parts of poultry manure, and drying until the water content is lower than 15%;
and 5: putting 4 parts of straws into a crusher for crushing, then mixing with 4 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of vermiculite, the loam soil base in the step 1, the rice hulls and the wood chips soaked with the liquid fertilizer in the step 3 and the poultry manure fermented in the step 4, and putting into a high-speed mixer for stirring and mixing;
step 6: and (5) packaging the mixture stirred in the step (5) into each separate plastic bag to obtain a finished horticultural cultivation medium.
In order to use different liquid fertilizers according to different young plants, in this embodiment, the liquid fertilizer in step 2 preferably comprises: 97.2% of water, 0.3% of ammonium phosphate, 1.5% of potassium nitrate, 0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5% of ammonium nitrate and 0.2% of ferrous sulfate respectively, and the components of the liquid fertilizer can be changed according to the seedlings to be cultivated.
In order to make the rice husk and wood chips absorb sufficient nutrients, in this embodiment, the weight of the rice husk and wood chips dried after soaking in step 3 is preferably 3-5 times of the initial weight.
In order to mix the raw materials more fully, in this embodiment, the preferred stirring parameters of the high-speed mixer in step 5 are: stirring for 10-20min at the rotation speed of 200-400 r/min.
In order to enable the straw to have good water storage capacity, in the embodiment, the preferred straw is the dried straw, and the water content of the straw is 10% -15%.
Example 3
A gardening culture medium and a manufacturing method thereof comprise the following steps:
step 1: spreading 50 parts of loam soil base on a wood board, airing for 2 days, and turning over once every 3 hours in the period;
step 2: pouring 7 parts of rice husks and 6 parts of wood chips into 20-25 times of liquid fertilizer by weight, and hermetically soaking for 1-1.5 days;
and 3, step 3: taking out the rice husks and the saw dust in the step 2, standing for 6-8 hours, and draining off the residual liquid fertilizer on the surfaces of the rice husks and the saw dust;
and 4, step 4: carrying out aerobic composting and high-temperature fermentation on 7 parts of poultry manure, and drying until the water content is lower than 15%;
and 5: putting 5 parts of straws into a crusher for crushing, then mixing with 5 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of vermiculite, the loam soil base in the step 1, the rice hulls and the wood chips soaked with the liquid fertilizer in the step 3 and the poultry manure fermented in the step 4, and putting into a high-speed mixer for stirring and mixing;
step 6: and (5) packaging the mixture stirred in the step (5) into each separate plastic bag to obtain a finished horticultural cultivation medium.
In order to use different liquid fertilizers according to different young plants, in this embodiment, the liquid fertilizer in step 2 preferably comprises: 97.2% of water, 0.3% of ammonium phosphate, 1.5% of potassium nitrate, 0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5% of ammonium nitrate and 0.2% of ferrous sulfate respectively, and the components of the liquid fertilizer can be changed according to the seedlings to be cultivated.
In order to make the rice husk and wood chips absorb sufficient nutrients, in this embodiment, the weight of the rice husk and wood chips dried after soaking in step 3 is preferably 3-5 times of the initial weight.
In order to mix the raw materials more fully, in this embodiment, the preferred stirring parameters of the high-speed mixer in step 5 are: stirring for 10-20min at the rotation speed of 200-400 r/min.
In order to enable the straws to have good water storage capacity, in the embodiment, the preferable straws are dried straws, and the water content of the straws is 10% -15%.
Soil parameter determination test:
as can be seen from the table, the cultivation substrate produced by the invention has various parameters suitable for most plant seedlings to grow.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A horticultural cultivation substrate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of loam soil base, 3-7 parts of poultry manure, 3-5 parts of plant ash, 1-3 parts of vermiculite, 5-7 parts of rice hull, 3-5 parts of straw and 4-6 parts of sawdust; the water content of the loam soil base is lower than 12%, and the loam soil base comprises the following raw materials: 55% of clay and 45% of sandy soil.
2. A method for preparing a horticultural cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 1, characterised by the steps of:
step 1: spreading the loam soil base on a wood board, airing for 2 days, and turning over once every 3 hours in the period;
step 2: pouring the rice husks and the sawdust into 20-25 times of liquid fertilizer by weight, and sealing and soaking for 1-1.5 days;
and step 3: taking out the rice husks and the saw dust in the step 2, standing for 6-8 hours, and draining off the residual liquid fertilizer on the surfaces of the rice husks and the saw dust;
and 4, step 4: performing aerobic composting and high-temperature fermentation on the poultry manure, and drying until the water content is lower than 15%;
and 5: crushing the straws in a crusher, mixing the crushed straws with plant ash, vermiculite, the loam soil base in the step 1, the rice hulls and the wood chips soaked with the liquid fertilizer in the step 3 and the poultry manure fermented in the step 4, and stirring and mixing the mixture in a high-speed mixer;
step 6: and (5) packaging the mixture stirred in the step (5) into each separate plastic bag to obtain a finished horticultural cultivation medium product.
3. A method for making a horticultural cultivation medium as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the liquid fertilizer in the step 2 comprises the following components: 97.2% of water, 0.3% of ammonium phosphate, 1.5% of potassium nitrate, 0.3% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5% of ammonium nitrate and 0.2% of ferrous sulfate respectively, and the components of the liquid fertilizer can be changed according to the seedlings to be cultivated.
4. A method for making a horticultural cultivation medium as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the weight of the rice husks and the wood chips which are soaked and dried in the step 3 is 3-5 times of the initial weight.
5. A method for making a horticultural cultivation medium as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the stirring parameters of the high-speed mixer in the step 5 are as follows: stirring for 10-20min at the rotation speed of 200-400 r/min.
6. A horticultural cultivation substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that: the straws are dried in the sun, and the water content of the straws is 10-15%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011291100.6A CN114568251A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Gardening culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202011291100.6A CN114568251A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2020-11-18 | Gardening culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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