CN114532199A - Nutrient solution efficient lettuce seedling growing method - Google Patents
Nutrient solution efficient lettuce seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532199A CN114532199A CN202210093501.3A CN202210093501A CN114532199A CN 114532199 A CN114532199 A CN 114532199A CN 202210093501 A CN202210093501 A CN 202210093501A CN 114532199 A CN114532199 A CN 114532199A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrient solution efficient lettuce seedling method, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and comprises the following steps: injecting nutrient solution into the seedling raising pool, filling seedling raising substrates and sowing lettuce seeds in the floating plug trays, and placing the floating plug trays in the seedling raising pool for floating seedling raising; the nutrient solution comprises NH4H2PO4 3.35‑3.65mmol/L，KNO3 5.50‑5.70mmol/L，Ca(NO3)2 5.50‑5.80mmol/L，MgSO45.00-5.50 mmol/L; the EC value of the seedling before two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 1.4-1.6mS/cm, the EC value of the seedling after two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 2.0-2.2mS/cm, and the oxygen content of the nutrient solution is kept to be more than 7.5 mg/L. The lettuce seedling culture is carried out by the method, the seedling plant grows fast and robustly, and the nutritive value is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for efficiently growing lettuce seedlings by using nutrient solution.
Background
The seedling raising is the primary key technical link of lettuce production, and the seedling raising mode determines the time of marketing, the yield and the quality of products and the degree of mechanization. The traditional plug seedling method has a long period and unstable seedling quality, so that a more efficient and stable lettuce seedling method is urgently needed to be provided.
The leaf vegetable seedling raising period is short through the nutrient solution, nutrition and moisture can be fully utilized, the seedling raising condition controllability is higher, the labor intensity can be reduced, the seedling raising management of the leaf vegetable nutrient solution is high in technical performance and high in difficulty, a rhizosphere environment capable of effectively guaranteeing the suitability of seedlings is not formed in the lettuce seedling raising production aspect at present, and then a standard technology for ensuring the seedling raising quality is guaranteed, so that the problem that how to provide a nutrient solution efficient lettuce seedling raising method is urgently to be solved in the field is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a nutrient solution efficient lettuce seedling culture method, which can effectively improve the seedling quality and shorten the seedling culture period through the selection of a nutrient solution formula and the regulation and control of the rhizosphere environment in the nutrient solution culture process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for culturing lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
injecting nutrient solution into the seedling raising pool, filling seedling raising substrates and sowing lettuce seeds in the floating plug trays, and placing the floating plug trays in the seedling raising pool for floating seedling raising;
the nutrient solution comprises NH4H2PO43.35-3.65mmol/L，KNO35.50-5.70mmol/L，Ca(NO3)25.50-5.80mmol/L，MgSO45.00-5.50mmol/L；
The EC value of the seedling before two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 1.4-1.6mS/cm, the EC value of the seedling after two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 2.0-2.2mS/cm, and the oxygen content of the nutrient solution is kept to be more than 7.5 mg/L.
The nutrient solution disclosed by the invention is simple in components, and the four components are matched with each other, so that the content of nutrient substances in the lettuce can be effectively increased, and the quality of the lettuce is further improved.
Preferably, the seedling raising substrate filled in the floating plug tray comprises coconut chaff and turf in a mass ratio of 6:4-7: 3.
The seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the coconut chaff and the turf in a specific proportion, the seedling substrate can be ensured to have proper porosity, the balance of substrate ventilation and water holding is realized, the promotion of root system growth is facilitated, the nutrient absorption is promoted, and the growth speed of lettuce seedlings is accelerated.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is supplemented according to the EC value change in the seedling raising process, the submersible pump is used for circulating the nutrient solution 1-2 times every day in winter, and the submersible pump is used for circulating the nutrient solution 3-4 times in summer.
Preferably, the amino-oligosaccharin solution with the mass concentration of 0.03-0.05 per mill is applied in the seedling raising process, so that the root development of the lettuce seedlings can be effectively promoted, the root activity is improved, the nutrient absorption is promoted, the growth speed of the lettuce seedlings is accelerated, and the contents of pigments and antioxidant enzymes of the lettuce seedlings can be increased.
Preferably, the application comprises addition to a seedling substrate and/or foliar spraying;
when the fertilizer is added into a seedling substrate, the using amount of the fertilizer per liter of the seedling substrate is 80-100 mL.
Preferably, the growth and development of the lettuce can be further promoted by applying the bacillus subtilis to the seedling culture substrate in the seedling culture process, wherein the concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 1 multiplied by 107-1×109CFU/mL, and the usage amount in each liter of seedling substrate is 120-150 mL.
Preferably, the lettuce seeds are sown in the floating plug tray, then the lettuce seeds are firstly placed in a shade place with the air humidity of more than 90% and the temperature of the seedling substrate of 15-20 ℃ for germination acceleration, and the floating plug tray is moved to a seedling pool for floating seedling after more than 90% of the seeds germinate.
Preferably, the lettuce seeds are soaked in 5-10mg/L IAA solution for 30-45min before sowing, and then are pretreated at the low temperature of 4 ℃ for 2-4d, so that the germination speed and the germination rate can be effectively improved.
Preferably, a sand layer and a soil layer are laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pool from bottom to top, the thickness of the sand layer is 0.5-0.6m, and the thickness of the soil layer is 0.2-0.3 m; the top of the sand layer and the soil layer is covered with a waterproof film after being tamped.
Through the sand filling of the bottom of the seedling raising pool, the heat preservation effect of the seedling raising pool can be improved, the temperature fluctuation of the nutrient solution in the pool is small, and the influence on the lettuce seedling raising is reduced.
Further preferably, the length of the nutrient solution pool is 20-30m, the width is 4-6m, the wall thickness is 0.25-0.30m, and the depth in the pool is 0.9-1.1 m.
Further preferably, the floating plug tray adopts a 128-136 hole polystyrene foam plug tray, and the weight is more than 150 g.
Compared with the prior lettuce seedling raising technology, the high-efficiency lettuce seedling raising method adopting the high-efficiency nutrient solution has the advantages that the seedling emergence uniformity is high, the nutrient supply is sufficient, the seedling formation speed is high, the quality is high, the seedling formation time can be 5-7 days earlier than that of the traditional plug seedling, the seedling plant grows robustly, the root system is developed, and the benefit is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different concentrations of IAA on radicle length;
wherein, CT is a control group without IAA soaking;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of IAA on radicle area;
wherein, CT is a control group without IAA soaking;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different nutrient solution formula treatments on the fresh weight of leaf vegetables;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the length and width ratio of the leaf stalks of young lettuce leaves under different seedling raising substrates;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of stem thicknesses of lettuce seedlings under different seedling raising substrates;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the dry and fresh weight of lettuce under different seedling raising substrates;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of lettuce seedling strong seedling indexes under different seedling substrates;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharin on the root activity of seedlings of lettuce.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) researching the high-efficiency lettuce seedling culture conditions of the nutrient solution:
1. influence of floating seedling pretreatment on rate of emergence of vegetables
(1) Screening of lettuce-induced auxin concentration
Using lettuce (blackberry 101) seeds as test materials, respectively soaking (1mg/L, 5mg/L, 10mg/L, 15mg/L and 20mg/L) with IAA with different concentrations for 30min, then sowing, placing in a shady place with the air humidity of more than 90% and the temperature of a seedling substrate of 15-20 ℃ for germination acceleration, and counting the growth conditions of radicles and hypocotyls of the seeds after 48h, 72h and 96 h.
As a result, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the length of the radicle of the seed tends to increase with time. The IAA seed soaking treatment can promote the seed germination and rooting. Wherein, the radicle of the lettuce seeds treated by 5mg/L IAA is the longest in 96h, the growth speed shows a growth trend in 72h after treatment, and then shows a descending trend; the surface area of the radicle of the seed is increased along with the time, wherein the area of the radicle of the lettuce seeds treated by 5mg/L IAA is the largest in 72 hours, but the growth speed of the lettuce seeds treated by 10mg/L is the fastest after 96 hours.
(2) Screening of Low temperature initiation time after auxin treatment
Placing the lettuce seeds soaked in 10mg/LIAA solution for 30min in an environment with the temperature of 4-6 ℃, setting 7 treatments of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4d, treating 136 seeds for each treatment, uniformly sowing the treated seeds, filling coconut chaff into a floating plug: 7, turf: 3, uniformly placing the mixed substrate in a germination accelerating shed in a shade place with the air humidity of more than 90 percent and the temperature of the seedling substrate of 15-20 ℃ for accelerating germination. And (5) after the seeds are exposed to be white, putting the seeds into a floating pool, and counting the germination rate after 7 days.
As shown in table 1, the accelerating effect was weak at a low temperature of less than 2 days, and the accelerating effect was remarkably increased after more than 2 days. In the CK group without low-temperature treatment, the germination rate in 14 days is 88.23%; the germination rates of the low-temperature treatment are respectively higher than those of the control by 1.48%, 2.21%, 5.15%, 6.62%, 8.09% and 8.83%, wherein the germination rate of the cold storage treatment for 4 days can reach more than 97%, and the effect is the best.
TABLE 1 Effect of different refrigeration treatment times on the germination percentage of lettuce
2. Influence of different nutrient solution formulas on floating seedling
Taking a 'fast-growing' lettuce as a research object, soaking seeds for 30min by adopting 10mg/L IAA solution, then pretreating at a low temperature of 4 ℃ for 4d, and then sowing the seeds in a seedling culture substrate, wherein the seedling culture substrate adopts sponge blocks with the length of 2.5cm, the width of 2.5cm and the height of 3 cm; after sowing, placing the seeds in a shade place with the air humidity of more than 90 percent and the temperature of the seedling substrate of 15-20 ℃ for accelerating germination, and carrying out water culture in each nutrient solution after more than 90 percent of the seeds germinate.
Selecting strong seedlings with four leaves and one heart after growing for 25 days under the water culture condition, transplanting the strong seedlings into a plastic square basin with the length of 50cm, the width of 35cm and the height of 15cm, and harvesting and measuring various indexes after continuously growing for 25 days:
cleaning lettuce with pure water, drying with filter paper, separating the overground part and the underground part, and weighing the underground part and the overground part respectively with an electronic balance (Aohaus/CP 114); then putting the mixture into an envelope bag, deactivating enzyme for 10min at 100 ℃ in a forced air drying oven (SHKTYQ/101-2AB), drying the mixture to constant weight at 80 ℃, and weighing the dry weights of the overground part and the underground part by using an electronic balance; determining the content of macroelements on the overground part of the lettuce by adopting a digestion method and a hydrochloric acid leaching method; measuring the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in the leaves by an ethanol acetone extraction method; measuring the soluble sugar content and nitrate content of the overground part of the lettuce by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method and a salicylic acid method respectively; measuring the protein content of the overground part of the lettuce by adopting a Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dyeing method; measuring the content of free amino acid on the overground part of the lettuce by a ninhydrin reagent method; and (3) measuring the Vc content of the overground part of the lettuce by adopting a 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method.
The formula of each nutrient solution is shown in table 2, wherein CK2 is a special fertilizer for leaf vegetables purchased from Shanghai Yongtong ecological engineering GmbH.
TABLE 2 nutrient solution formula
The determination results are shown in table 3, the Vc content of the treatment No. 7 is significantly higher than that of the control and other treatments, and is increased by 500% compared with CK 1; the soluble sugar content of all treatments except treatment No. 5 was significantly higher than the control; the soluble protein content of treatment No. 4 was significantly higher than control and other treatments, with treatment No. 7 being repeated; the nitrate nitrogen content of CK1 was significantly higher than that of CK2 and other treatments, and the nitrate nitrogen content of treatments No. 1 and No. 7 was significantly lower than that of the control and other treatments.
TABLE 3 Effect of different nutrient treatments on lettuce nutrient content
As can be seen from fig. 3, the fresh weight of the lettuce under treatment No. 1 was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatments except for treatment nos. CK1 and 7, and there was no significant difference in fresh weight of the lettuce under the other treatments. The fresh weight difference between the CK1 and the lettuce treated by No. 7 is smaller, and both are lower than that of the lettuce treated by No. 1.
As can be seen from Table 4, lettuce treated No. 7 had the highest contents of glutamic acid, serine, GABA and methionine, CK2 had the highest contents of glycine and threonine, and No. 2 had the highest content of alanine; the glutamic acid and serine content was significantly lower for CK1, nos. 1, 3 and 5 treatments than for No. 7, the glycine content was significantly lower for CK1 treatment than for CK2, there was no significant difference in glycine content for the other treatments, the threonine and glycine content was significantly lower for CK1 and 5 treatments than for CK2 and 7, and the GABA and methionine content was significantly higher for CK2 and 7 treatments than for CK 1.
TABLE 4 comparison of amino acid content of lettuce under different nutrient solution treatments
3. Influence of different substrate proportions on lettuce seedling cultivation effect
The lettuce variety selected in the test is 'green butterfly'; the seedling culture mode is floating seedling culture; the seedling raising hole tray is a 128-hole foam hole tray; the 5 commercial substrates are commercial sponge block (T1), agile seedling block (T2, produced by Netherlands agile corporation), rock wool block (T3, produced by Netherlands agile corporation), yellow commercial seedling block A (T4) and gray commercial seedling block B (T5), and the 4 mixed substrates are coconut chaff: turf (w/w) 7:3(T6), perlite: peat (w/w) 6:4(T7), perlite: peat (w/w) ═ 8:2(T8), coconut coir: turf (w/w) was 1:1(T9) for a total of 9 treatments (table 5).
TABLE 5 different substrate treatments
Soaking lettuce seeds in 10mg/L IAA solution for 30min, pretreating at 4 ℃ for 4d, sowing in different seedling culture matrixes, placing in a shady and cool place with the air humidity of more than 90% and the seedling culture matrix temperature of 15-20 ℃ for germination, placing in a square pot with the length of 2m and the width of 1.5m after more than 90% of the seeds germinate, adding No. 7 nutrient solution screened in experiment 2, managing according to a conventional factory seedling culture method, and adjusting EC according to the growth condition of seedlings. When the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart, 30 seedlings with similar growth vigor are selected for sampling in each treatment, and indexes such as root system morphology, leaf morphology, stem thickness, dry fresh weight, strong seedling index and the like of the seedlings are measured.
(1) Influence of different matrixes on root morphology of lettuce seedlings
As can be seen from Table 6, the root length, the surface area and the volume of T6 are all the highest and are respectively improved by 14.14 percent, 34.64 percent and 79.07 percent compared with T1; the average diameter of the root system of T2 is the highest, which is increased by 35.71% compared with T1. The root length of T6 was significantly higher than treatments other than T1, and the root lengths of T8, T9 were significantly higher than treatments other than T1 and T6; the root surface areas of T8 and T9 are not significantly different from that of T6, and the root surface areas of T3, T4, T5 and T7 are significantly lower than those of other treatments; the root volumes of T6, T8, T9 were significantly higher than all treatments except T2, and the root volume of T4 was significantly lower than other treatments; the average diameter of T1 was significantly lower than the other treatments.
TABLE 6 influence of different seedling-raising media on root systems of lettuce seedlings
(2) Influence of different matrixes on length and width of leaves of lettuce seedlings
As can be seen from fig. 4, there was a significant difference in petiole length between treatments, with petiole length at T6 being significantly higher than that of the other treatments, petiole length at T2 being significantly higher than that of the treatments other than T6, increasing by 42.47% and 34.86%, respectively, compared to T1, and petiole length at T4 and T5 being significantly lower than that of the other treatments; the petiole width of T9 was significantly higher than that of the other treatments, increased by 66.80% over T1, the difference between T2 and T6 was not significant but higher than that of the treatments other than T9, and the petiole widths of T3, T4, T5 were significantly lower than that of the other treatments; the aspect ratio of T1 was significantly higher than the treatments other than T2, with no significant difference between T2 and T6, and no significant difference between the aspect ratios of T3, T7 and T8, but significantly lower than T1, T2, T6, and significantly higher than T4 and T5.
(3) Influence of different substrates on stem thickness of lettuce seedling
As can be seen from fig. 5, the stem thicknesses of T2, T6, and T9 were all significantly higher than those of the other treatments, and were improved by 26.92%, 30.01%, and 22.31% respectively as compared to T1, the stem thickness of T4 was significantly lower than those of the other treatments, and the differences between the stem thicknesses of T1, T5, T7, and T8 were not significant.
(4) Influence of different matrixes on dry and fresh weight of lettuce seedlings
As can be seen from table 7, the above-ground fresh weight and the above-ground dry weight of T2, T6 were significantly higher than the other treatments, the underground fresh weight of T6 was significantly higher than the other treatments outside T2, and the underground dry weight of T6 and T9 was significantly higher than the other treatments; the dry fresh weight average of T4 was significantly lower than for the other treatments, and both the above-ground fresh weight and the above-ground dry weight of T9 were significantly lower than for T2 and T6 but significantly higher than for the other treatments.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the total fresh weight and total dry weight of T2 and T6 were both significantly higher than those of the other treatments, the total dry weight and total fresh weight of T9 were significantly lower than those of T2 and T6, but significantly higher than those of the other treatments, the total fresh weight and total dry weight of T4 were both significantly lower than those of the other treatments, and the difference between the total fresh weight and total dry weight of T1, T3, T7 and T8 was not significant.
TABLE 7 influence of different seedling-growing bases on the dry weight of lettuce seedlings
(5) Influence of different matrixes on seedling strengthening index of lettuce
As can be seen from fig. 7, the strong seedling index of T6 was significantly higher than that of the treatments other than T2, the strong seedling index of T9 was significantly lower than that of T2 and T6 but significantly higher than that of the other treatments, and the improvement amplitudes of T2, T6 and T9 were 215%, 251% and 191%, respectively, compared with T1; the seedling indices of T4 and T5 were significantly lower than other treatments.
4. Influence of different volumes of seedling raising pond on nutrient solution environment
And measuring environmental parameters of nutrient solution in the seedling raising ponds with different specifications of facility bases in 2021 month, wherein the environmental parameters comprise the temperature in the greenhouse and the temperature of the nutrient solution.
The depth of the seedling raising pool of the bottom sand filling group is 1m, the wall thickness is 0.25m, a sand layer of 0.5m and a soil layer of 0.3m are paved at the bottom from bottom to top, and a water-proof film with the thickness of more than 0.12mm is covered at the top of the sand layer and the soil layer after being tamped.
The depth of the seedling raising pond of the group without filling sand at the bottom is 0.2m, and the wall thickness is 0.25 m.
The nutrient solution used was nutrient solution No. 7 screened in experiment 2.
The test results are shown in table 8, in 3 months, the temperature of the nutrient solution changes along with the temperature change in the greenhouse, the temperature fluctuation of the pond with smaller size is larger, the temperature fluctuation of the pond with larger size is smaller, but the temperature is lower, the heat retaining property of the seedling raising pond can be obviously increased after sand is filled at the bottom of the seedling raising pond, wherein the temperature of the pond with 20m x 4m (sand filled at the bottom) is the highest in one day, the fluctuation is small, and the effect is the best.
TABLE 8 temperature variation of nutrient solution in nursery ponds of different specifications
5. Influence of different amino-oligosaccharin concentrations on lettuce seedling cultivation effect
The lettuce variety is 'Sagittarius 101', and 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqua (shrimp shell complex) is purchased from Aohai stockings.
As shown in table 9, the experiment was set up with 12 treatments in total. The concentration of the shrimp shell complex is set as follows: (1) clear water (control); (2)1000 times of liquid; (3)1500 times of liquid; (4)2000 times of liquid; (5)
2500 times of liquid; (6)3000 times of liquid. 2 matrix formulas are adopted, and the matrix 1 is coconut husk: grass carbon (w/w) is 7:3, and the substrate 2 is rice husk: perlite (w/w) ═ 8: 2.
TABLE 9 test treatments
The test is carried out in No. 8 shed of experiment teaching base of Hebei agriculture university in 2021 at 4-5 months.
The substrates are mixed according to the formula and then are filled in a 128-hole foam plug tray. The nursery pond used was 20m x 4m (sand filled at the bottom) of the nursery pond screened in experiment 4, and the nutrient solution used was nutrient solution No. 7 screened in experiment 2.
Soaking lettuce seeds in 10mg/L IAA solution for 30min, pretreating at 4 deg.C for 4d, sowing in different seedling culture medium, germinating in shade with air humidity of above 90% and seedling culture medium temperature of 15-20 deg.C, and transferring into seedling culture pond after more than 90% of the seeds bud for floating seedling culture. And immediately spraying the amino-oligosaccharin after the sowing is finished, and then spraying the amino-oligosaccharin once every 7 days for four times. The EC value of the seedling before two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 1.4-1.6mS/cm, the EC value of the seedling after two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 2.0-2.2mS/cm, and the oxygen content of the nutrient solution is kept to be more than 7.5 mg/L.
The experiment was conducted in three replicates per tray. Sampling is carried out on four leaves and one heart to measure each index, and 10 plants are sampled each time.
Fresh weights and dry weights of stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width, overground part and underground part of lettuce were measured, respectively, and a strong seedling index (stem thickness/seedling height) × whole plant dry mass) was calculated. The leaf length and leaf width are measured by a ruler, the stem thickness is measured by a vernier caliper, chlorophyll and carotenoid are measured by an acetone extraction colorimetric method, the root activity is measured by a triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method, and the TTC reduction amount is used for representing the root activity. The activities of antioxidase (SOD, POD, CAT, MDA) were measured by a spectrophotometer.
(1) Influence of amino-oligosaccharins with different concentrations on growth and development of overground parts of lettuce seedlings
As can be seen from Table 10, the leaf length, leaf width, stem thickness, fresh weight of overground part and weight average of overground part dry matter were improved to different degrees when different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharin were sprayed to any of the substrates as compared with the control. For the substrate 1 (coconut husk: peat ═ 7:3), the effect is remarkable by 1000 times and 1500 times of the amino-oligosaccharin concentration, and compared with the control, the stem thickness, the leaf length, the leaf width, the fresh weight of the overground part and the dry weight of the overground part are respectively increased by 16%, 20.58%, 6.3%, 23.07%, 11.2% and 22.85%, 17.57%, 3.32%, 26.15% and 16%. For the substrate 2 (rice hull: perlite: 8:2), the spray application of 1000 times and 1500 times of amino-oligosaccharin has obvious effects on the stem thickness, the leaf length, the leaf width, the fresh weight of the overground part and the dry weight of the overground part of lettuce seedlings, and is respectively improved by 13%, 22.24%, 36.70%, 44.21%, 28.57% and 22.83%, 36.2%, 45.56%, 44.21% and 71.43% compared with a control. When the amino-oligosaccharin with the same concentration is sprayed, compared with the substrate 2, the substrate 1 has obvious influence on the stem thickness, the leaf length, the leaf width, the fresh weight of the overground part and the dry weight of the overground part of the seedling of the lettuce.
TABLE 10 Effect of amino-oligosaccharins at different concentrations on the growth and development of aerial parts of lettuce seedlings
Note: the difference of different letters in the table is significant (P is less than 0.05), and the tables 3.2-3.4 are the same as those in the table
(2) Influence of amino-oligosaccharin with different concentrations on growth and development of root system of seedling of lettuce
As can be seen from Table 11, spraying amino-oligosaccharin with appropriate concentration on the leaf surface has a promoting effect on the growth and development of the root system of lettuce seedlings. For the substrate 1, compared with a control, the fresh weight of the amino-oligosaccharin root sprayed by 1000 times and 1500 times is respectively increased by 16.76% and 11.45%. For the substrate 2, compared with a control, the fresh weight of the amino-oligosaccharin root sprayed by 1000 times and 1500 times is respectively increased by 45.46% and 41.9%. And (3) spraying amino-oligosaccharin with the same concentration, coconut husk: the growth and development of the root system of the grass carbon 7:3 mixed matrix are superior to those of the rice husk: perlite is 8:2, mixing the base material. The strong seedling index of lettuce seedlings can be improved by spraying the amino-oligosaccharin, and the strong seedling index of 1000 times of the amino-oligosaccharin reaches the maximum of 0.0332 and 0.0186. As can be seen from fig. 8, coconut husk: in the grass carbon 7:3 mixed matrix, the root system activity of the lettuce seedlings sprayed with 1000 times and 1500 times of amino-oligosaccharin is obviously higher than that of a control group; rice hull: in the perlite-8: 2 mixed matrix, the root system activity of the lettuce seedlings sprayed with 1000 and 1500 times of amino-oligosaccharin is superior to that of a control group. The research on the seedling strengthening index and the root activity plays an important role in optimizing the seedling raising mode and the environmental management, and is an important index for measuring the quality of lettuce seedlings. Therefore, the spraying of 1000 times of amino-oligosaccharin can effectively promote the growth and development of lettuce seedlings.
TABLE 11 influence of the concentrations of amino-oligosaccharin on the growth of root system of lettuce seedling
(3) Influence of different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharin on pigment content of lettuce seedlings
As can be seen from Table 12, the different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharin can increase the chlorophyll content of lettuce seedlings. For the substrate 1, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid of the treated T1 (sprayed with 1000 times of amino oligosaccharin) are all obviously higher than those of a control group, and are respectively improved by 27.13%, 31.25%, 27.83% and 25.04% compared with the control group, and compared with T3 (sprayed with 1500 times of amino oligosaccharin); for matrix 2, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid of treated T2 are higher, and are respectively increased by 22.06%, 12.22%, 19.16% and 14.52% compared with the control. When the amino-oligosaccharin with the same concentration is sprayed, the pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) of the matrix 1 (coconut husk: peat ═ 7:3) is obviously higher than that of the matrix 2 (rice husk: perlite ═ 8: 2).
TABLE 12 Effect of different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharin on the pigment content of lettuce seedlings
(4) Influence of amino-oligosaccharins with different concentrations on antioxidant enzyme content of lettuce seedlings
As can be seen from table 13, spraying the amino-oligosaccharin at an appropriate concentration on the leaf surface promoted the activities of SOD and POD enzymes, compared to the control. With the decrease of the concentration of the amino-oligosaccharin, the activities of SOD, POD and MDA gradually decrease. The concentration is too low (2500-3000 times), and the SOD, POD and MDA enzymes have no significant difference. For the substrate 1, compared with a control, the activities of SOD, POD and MDA of treated T1 (sprayed with 1000 times of amino oligosaccharin) are respectively improved by 11.52%, 34.32% and 26.15%; for the substrate 2, the activities of SOD, POD and MDA treated by T2 (sprayed with 1000 times of amino-oligosaccharin) are obviously higher than those of a control, and are respectively increased by 41.62%, 18.88% and 10.91%. And (3) spraying appropriate amino-oligosaccharin with the same concentration, wherein the activities of SOD and MDA of the substrate 2 (rice hull: perlite: 8:2) are higher than that of the substrate 1 (coconut husk: vermiculite: 8:2), but the activity of POD enzyme of the substrate 2 is lower than that of the substrate 1. When the amino-oligosaccharin with different concentrations is sprayed, the CAT enzyme activity of the lettuce seedlings is not significantly different, and the CAT enzyme activity of different matrixes is also not significantly different, but generally speaking, the CAT enzyme activities of T1 and T2 are higher and are respectively improved by 58.97 percent and 23.42 percent compared with CK1 and CK 2.
TABLE 13 Effect of amino-oligosaccharins at different concentrations on the antioxidase Activity of lettuce seedlings
Example 2
A method for culturing lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
before sowing, lettuce seeds (blackberry 101) are soaked in 8mg/L IAA solution for 40min, then pretreated at low temperature of 4 ℃ for 3d, and then sowed in 136-hole polystyrene foam plug trays filled with seedling raising substrates, wherein the plug trays are 0.66m by 0.34m by 0.05m in specification and the weight is more than 150 g. The seedling culture medium is coconut husk and turf with the mass ratio of 7: 3. The application concentration of the amino-oligosaccharin solution is 0.05w per thousand, and the usage amount of each liter of the seedling substrate is 80-100 mL. Bacillus subtilis (commercially available) at a concentration of 1X 109CFU/mL, and the usage amount is about 150mL in each liter of seedling raising substrate. The control group was not supplemented with amino-oligosaccharin and bacillus subtilis.
Placing the hole tray in a shade place with the air humidity of more than 90% and the seedling substrate temperature of 15-20 ℃ for germination acceleration, and transferring the floating hole tray into a seedling pool for floating seedling after more than 90% of seeds germinate.
The seedling raising pool is 20m long, 4m wide, 0.25m thick, 1.00m deep, 0.5m sand layer and 0.3m soil layer are laid from bottom to top at the bottom, and 2 water-proof films with the thickness of more than 0.12mm are covered on the top after the sand layer and the soil layer are tamped; the following nutrient solutions are injected into the seedling raising pond: NH (NH)4H2PO43.35 mmol/L，KNO35.50mmol/L，Ca(NO3)25.50mmol/L，MgSO45.00 mmol/L；
Monitoring EC value and oxygen content of the nutrient solution during seedling culture, and supplementing nutrient solution (NH) according to EC value change4H2PO43.35-3.65mmol/L，KNO35.50-5.70mmol/L，Ca(NO3)25.50-5.80mmol/L，MgSO45.00-5.50mmol/L), the EC value of the seedling before two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 1.4-1.6mS/cm, the EC value of the seedling after two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 2.0-2.2mS/cm, and the submersible pump is used for circulating the nutrient solution for 3-4 times to ensure that the oxygen content of the nutrient solution is kept above 7.5 mg/L.
After floating for 25d, the measurement results are shown in Table 14.
TABLE 14 Effect of amino-oligosaccharins and Bacillus subtilis on the Dry and fresh weight of lettuce seedlings
As can be seen from the table above, the fresh weight of the seedlings above the ground and underground can be obviously improved when the bacillus subtilis is used alone and the amino-oligosaccharin is used together, and the effect is better when the bacillus subtilis and the amino-oligosaccharin are used together than when the bacillus subtilis and the amino-oligosaccharin are used alone. When the bacillus subtilis is used alone, the seedling quality shows a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the change of the concentration.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for culturing lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
injecting nutrient solution into the seedling raising pool, filling seedling raising substrates and sowing lettuce seeds in the floating plug trays, and placing the floating plug trays in the seedling raising pool for floating seedling raising;
the nutrient solution comprises NH4H2PO4 3.35-3.65mmol/L，KNO3 5.50-5.70mmol/L，Ca(NO3)25.50-5.80mmol/L，MgSO4 5.00-5.50mmol/L；
The EC value of the seedling before two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 1.4-1.6mS/cm, the EC value of the seedling after two leaves and one heart is controlled to be 2.0-2.2mS/cm, and the oxygen content of the nutrient solution is kept to be more than 7.5 mg/L.
2. The method for raising lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1,
the seedling raising substrate filled in the floating plug comprises coconut chaff and turf in a mass ratio of 6:4-7: 3.
3. The method for raising lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution as claimed in claim 2,
in the seedling raising process, amino-oligosaccharin solution with the mass concentration of 0.03-0.05 per mill is applied.
4. The method for growing lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution as claimed in claim 3,
the application comprises adding the fertilizer into a seedling substrate and/or spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces;
when the fertilizer is added into a seedling substrate, the using amount of the fertilizer per liter of the seedling substrate is 80-100 mL.
5. The method for raising lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution as claimed in claim 2,
applying bacillus subtilis to seedling culture medium in seedling culture processBacillus concentration 1X 107-1×109CFU/mL, and the usage amount in each liter of seedling substrate is 120-150 mL.
6. The method for raising lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1,
after the lettuce seeds are sowed in the floating hole trays, the lettuce seeds are firstly placed in a shade place with the air humidity of more than 90 percent and the temperature of the seedling substrate of 15-20 ℃ for germination acceleration, and after more than 90 percent of the seeds germinate, the floating hole trays are moved to a seedling pool for floating seedling.
7. The method for raising lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1,
before sowing, the lettuce seeds are soaked in 5-10mg/L IAA solution for 30-45min and then pretreated at the low temperature of 4 ℃ for 2-4 d.
8. The method for raising lettuce seedlings with high efficiency by using nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1,
a sand layer and a soil layer are laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pond from bottom to top, the thickness of the sand layer is 0.5-0.6m, and the thickness of the soil layer is 0.3-0.2 m;
and after the sand layer and the soil layer are tamped, the top of the sand layer and the soil layer is covered with a waterproof film.
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