CN114503869A - Construction method of early-fruiting dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden - Google Patents
Construction method of early-fruiting dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an early-fruiting dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden, which comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting adult high-quality trees of cyclocarya paliurus with solid main branches and side branches or current-year twigs of ancient trees as scions; selecting a 1-3-year-old cyclocarya paliurus non-woven fabric container seedling as a stock to be grafted to obtain a grafted seedling; then selecting cyclocarya paliurus grafting seedlings of 1-2 years to carry out clone configuration planting; and after the growth vigorous period of the cyclocarya paliurus is finished, trimming the top tips, the vigorous branches and the upper recurrent side branches of the cyclocarya paliurus, and performing fertilization management. According to the method, the current-year twigs of the superior trees are collected to serve as scions for grafting, the obtained grafted seedlings are used for building a seed garden, the early-fruiting and dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden is obtained through tree body management, the requirement for improved seeds in daily production is met, the problem of shortage of excellent germplasm resources of cyclocarya paliurus is solved, the seedling breeding and industrialization process of the cyclocarya paliurus is accelerated, and the method has important significance for protecting endangered species and wood strategic reserve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry, and particularly relates to a construction method of a cyclocarya paliurus seed garden.
Background
Cyclocarya paliurus is a plant of cyclocarya paliurus of juglandaceae, is a specific single-species plant in China, is an important valuable local tree species in our province, and is one of important protected endangered plants. Cyclocarya paliurus integrates medicinal, health-care and ornamental functions, has good effect of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, is known as a third tree in the medical field, and has high protection and development values. At present, the superior cyclocarya paliurus trees mostly grow in deep mountains and old forests, the tree form is high and large, the trees are as high as 20m, the seed collection is difficult, the cyclocarya paliurus seeds have deep dormancy characteristics, the seeds need to germinate every other year after sowing, the natural germination rate is very low, the natural germination rate of the seeds is only 0.1-0.2%, the reason of low germination rate is described as 32429, except that the seed coats are hard and deep dormancy, experts also consider that male and female alien plants, flower period asynchronism and the like are also reasons, the asexual propagation survival rate is not ideal in actual production, large-scale asexual propagation and cultivation cases of the cyclocarya paliurus are not available at home and abroad at present, and the breeding and industrial development of the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings are severely restricted.
The seedlings are the basis of artificial forest cultivation, the cyclocarya paliurus is distributed in subtropical regions of China, and geographic ecological provenances with intraspecies differences are differentiated and generated due to gene mutation, ecological isolation, natural selection and the like, and the differences are expressed in aspects of morphological anatomy, growth and development, adaptability, resistance, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the like. Cyclocarya paliurus is a single-species native tree species specific to China, and a cyclocarya paliurus seed garden is not established at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects and shortcomings in the background technology and providing a method for constructing an early-maturing and dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a construction method of an early-fruiting dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting adult high-quality trees of cyclocarya paliurus or current-year twigs of ancient trees with strong main branches and side branches as scions;
(2) selecting a 1-3-year-old cyclocarya paliurus non-woven fabric container seedling as a stock to be grafted to obtain a grafted seedling;
(3) selecting cyclocarya paliurus grafted seedlings of 1-2 years for clone configuration planting;
(4) and after the growth vigorous period of the cyclocarya paliurus is finished, trimming the top tips, the vigorous branches and the upper recurrent side branches of the cyclocarya paliurus, and performing fertilization management.
The invention aims to solve the current situations of difficult seed collection, small seed quantity and inconsistent quality of cyclocarya paliurus at present, and aims to obtain a garden-building parent by grafting adult high-quality tree twigs, maintain good characteristics of plants by a grafting technology, enable the plants to survive in different environments, establish a cyclocarya paliurus seed garden by carrying out a method of scientifically configuring female parent and male parent, and finally obtain a dwarfed seed garden by a pruning technology, so that high-quality improved varieties of cyclocarya paliurus are produced in a large scale, the requirements of seed breeding of the cyclocarya paliurus and industrial development of the improved varieties are met, and the problem of lack of excellent germplasm resources of the cyclocarya paliurus is solved.
In the above construction method, preferably, the specific operation of step (1) includes the following steps: the method comprises the steps of stepping on a natural distribution area of the cyclocarya paliurus, selecting a high-quality adult cyclocarya paliurus tree with straight trunk, strong main branch and side branch and full fruit as a grafting scion-picking stock tree, taking an annual twig without diseases and insect pests as a scion before the sprout of 2-3 months, wrapping and packaging the scion-picking stock tree with a wet towel, placing an ice bag to bring the scion-picking stock ground, and placing a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for grafting.
Preferably, the grafting operation comprises the following steps: and grafting the cyclocarya paliurus in 2-3 months, selecting 2-year cyclocarya paliurus non-woven fabric container seedlings as stocks, taking collected cyclocarya paliurus adult superior tree twigs as scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method.
Preferably, scions are cut into 3-5 cm long during grafting, 2-3 buds are left in each scion, the base part is cut into a wedge shape, a seedling with the ground diameter of 1-2 cm is selected as a stock, the stock is cut at a position 10-15 cm away from the root neck, an inclined plane is longitudinally cut between the xylem and the phloem, the length of the cut is the same as the cut surface of the scion, the scion is inserted into the cut of the stock, a grafting film strip is used for binding, and the buds are exposed outside; covering a film bag after grafting, using a sunshade net to build a sunshade, spraying by an automatic irrigation system, wherein the spraying time is 7:00-20:00, 10 seconds every 15 minutes, removing the film strip when the young tip of the grafted seedling grows to be more than 10cm, and properly weeding and bud picking.
Preferably, the specific operation of clone configuration planting comprises the following steps: and selecting 1-2-year-old, strong and well-grown cyclocarya paliurus grafting container seedlings without diseases and insect pests for 3-5 months to carry out clone configuration, wherein the clone configuration adopts completely random arrangement, namely, the female parent plant and the male parent plant are arranged according to the proportion of 1: the 1-point proportion is randomly crossed and configured along the planting belt of the seed garden, female plants are arranged around each male plant, male plants are arranged around each female plant, and two branches of the same clone are at least separated by more than 4 plants.
More preferably, before planting, a suitable habitat of the cyclocarya paliurus is selected as a garden building address, the selected garden is subjected to comprehensive soil preparation in 1 month, horizontal planting strips are constructed according to the requirement of 2m width, the whole land is dug and prepared on the surface of the strips, bamboo joint ditches are dug on the inner sides of the horizontal strips, planting holes are 80cm multiplied by 50cm in specification, the row spacing of planting plants is 3m multiplied by 4m, and 0.25kg of vegetable cakes and 0.25kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hole as base fertilizers.
More preferably, after planting, carrying out forest stand isolation by using other tree species around the clonal seed garden, and removing the non-elite cyclocarya paliurus within 300m of the periphery before putting into production in the seed garden; after the mother trees of the constructed cyclocarya paliurus seed orchard are normally fruited, thinning the trees in the forest, and finally controlling the planting density to be 4m multiplied by 6 m.
Preferably, the specific operation of the fertilization management comprises the following steps: after a garden is built, according to a garden year management plan, urea is applied for 1 time in 3 months every year, each plant is 0.1kg, soil is loosened and weeded for 1 time in 6 months, each plant is applied with 0.15kg of compound fertilizer, and soil of a planting belt is deeply dug for 1 time in 9-10 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, through the steps of different cyclocarya paliurus wild germplasm resources and selection of adult superior trees with large bearing capacity, the current-year tender branches of the superior trees are collected to be used as scions for grafting, a seed garden is built for obtaining grafted seedlings, and the early-fruiting dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden is obtained through tree management, so that the purpose of improved variety use in daily production is met, the problem of shortage of excellent germplasm resources of cyclocarya paliurus is solved, the seedling breeding and industrialization process of the cyclocarya paliurus is accelerated, and the method has important significance for protecting endangered species and wood strategic storage; the cyclocarya paliurus bred in seedling can bloom and fruit in 10-15 years, the cyclocarya paliurus grafting is carried out by taking the young branches of the adult superior tree/old tree with large bearing capacity as scions, and the obtained grafted seedlings have the same physiological age as that of a mother tree, so that the cyclocarya paliurus can be bred in seedling quickly after a garden is built, can be put into production in 3 years generally, and can provide high-quality improved varieties in 5 years.
2. Compared with the large ginseng trees, the cyclocarya paliurus seed orchard after tree body management and dwarfing is convenient for seed collection of mother trees, large in compaction amount, easy to operate, labor-saving and cost-reducing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a cyclocarya paliurus fructification superior tree/ancient tree selection site;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a current year of shoot collection of a cyclocarya paliurus superior tree;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a grafted species of a superior tree/old tree of cyclocarya paliurus;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a construction site of a cyclocarya paliurus seed orchard;
FIG. 5 shows the survival rate of cyclocarya paliurus seed gardens of different seed sources.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example (b):
a method for constructing an early-fruiting dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden with field photos as shown in figures 1-4 mainly comprises the following steps:
1. grafting mother tree selection and scion collection
The method comprises the steps of performing foot-stepping on a natural distribution area of the cyclocarya paliurus, selecting adult superior trees of the cyclocarya paliurus with straight trunks as grafting scion-picking mother trees (wherein the superior trees with large bearing capacity serve as female parents and the infertile superior trees serve as male parents), adopting annual twigs without plant diseases and insect pests before 2-3 months of new bud germination, wrapping and packaging the twigs by wet towels, placing ice bags to bring the twigs back to a nursery, and placing the twigs in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for grafting. The work of moisturizing and cooling is well done in the processes of collection, transportation and grafting of the scions, and the storage time of the scions is shortened as much as possible.
The work of moisturizing and cooling is needed, and the storage time of the scions is shortened as much as possible.
Grafting is generally not suitable in rainy or high temperature weather.
2. Cultivation of parent grafted seedling in seed garden
And grafting the cyclocarya paliurus in 2-3 months, selecting 2-year cyclocarya paliurus non-woven fabric container seedlings as stocks, taking collected cyclocarya paliurus adult superior tree twigs as scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method. When grafting, scions are cut into 3-5 cm long, 2-3 buds are reserved on each scion, the base part is cut into a wedge shape, nursery stocks with the ground diameter of 1-2 cm are selected as stock, the stock is cut at a position 10-15 cm away from the root neck, an inclined plane is longitudinally cut between the xylem and the phloem, the length of the cut is the same as the cutting plane of the scions, the scions are inserted into the cuts of the stock and are bound by grafting film strips, and the buds are exposed outside. Covering a film bag after grafting, using a sunshade net to build a sunshade, spraying by an automatic irrigation system, wherein the spraying time is 7:00-20:00, 10 seconds every 15 minutes, removing the film strip when the young tip of the grafted seedling grows to be more than 10cm, and properly weeding and bud picking. And (4) surveying the survival rate, the growth conditions of the seedling height, the ground diameter and the like after the leaves fall in winter in the current year to obtain the grafted seedling.
3. Construction of clone seed orchard
(1) Selecting a park building address: selecting cyclocarya paliurus suitable-for-life land as a garden building address.
(2) Land preparation and field planting: the method comprises the steps of performing comprehensive soil preparation on a selected garden in 1 month, constructing horizontal planting strips according to the requirement of 2m width, performing full-reclamation deep soil excavation on the strip surface, excavating bamboo joint ditches on the inner side of the horizontal strips, planting holes with the specification of 80cm multiplied by 50cm, planting plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 4m, and applying 0.25kg of vegetable cake and 0.25kg of phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers in each hole.
(3) Clone configuration: and selecting 1-2-year-old, strong and well-grown cyclocarya paliurus grafting container seedlings (containing woody plants and male parent plants) for clone configuration in 3-5 months, wherein the clone configuration adopts completely random arrangement, namely the female parent plants and the male parent plants are arranged according to the proportion of 1: the 1-point proportion is randomly crossed and configured along the planting belt of the seed garden, female plants are arranged around each male plant, male plants are arranged around each female plant, and two branches of the same clone are at least separated by more than 4 plants.
(4) The pollen isolation belt is arranged: and (4) carrying out forest stand isolation by using other tree species around the clonal seed garden, and removing the non-elite cyclocarya paliurus within 300m around the seed garden before putting into production.
(5) And (3) poor quality removal and thinning in the seed garden: and (3) after the mother trees of the constructed cyclocarya paliurus seed orchard are normally fruited, measuring the offspring, eliminating some mother trees with poor genetic quality by combining the measurement result and the fruition condition of the mother trees, thinning the trees in the forest, and finally controlling the planting density to be 4m multiplied by 6 m.
4. Seed orchard tree management
(1) Tree management
The cyclocarya paliurus tree can be as high as 20m generally, so that the harvesting difficulty is high. In order to facilitate seed harvesting, tree form management should be enhanced, dwarfing measures such as top removal and the like should be taken timely, and the specific time is after the high growth vigorous period of cyclocarya paliurus is finished. The top removal is not only to trim the top tip, but also to trim the vigorous branches, the side branches of the upper part and the like, the trimming is carried out for many times, the trimming is moderate every year, and the growth of the top end for many years is not required to be completely trimmed at one time.
(2) Park management
After a garden is built, according to a garden year management plan, urea is applied for 1 time in 3 months every year, each plant is 0.1kg, soil is loosened and weeded for 1 time in 6 months, each plant is applied with 0.15kg of compound fertilizer, and soil of a planting belt is deeply dug for 1 time in 9-10 months. Other works are carried out according to the conventional production management of the common artificial forest.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out wild germplasm resource scouting on cyclocarya paliurus, selecting 42 fructification superior trees/ancient trees of the cyclocarya paliurus (the superior tree information is shown in table 1), collecting current-year shoots as scions, carrying out grafting by using the cyclocarya paliurus as a stock, wherein the grafting survival rate of each superior tree is 35-82%, the average grafting survival rate of different provenances is 48.7-65.2% (the survival rate of each grafted plant is shown in figure 5), selecting 2-year-old grafted seedlings, building a cyclocarya paliurus seed garden of 100 mu in city, and determining the content (all families collect and determine).
TABLE 1 cyclocarya paliurus optimal tree selection information table
The invention has the main effects that:
(1) the cyclocarya paliurus grafting is carried out by taking the annual twig of the adult superior tree with large bearing capacity as the scion, and the obtained grafted seedling has the same physiological age as that of the parent tree, so that the bearing seeds can be produced quickly after the orchard is built, the yield can be increased by 3 years, and the superior seeds can be provided by 5 years.
(2) The tree body management is carried out by the dwarfing technology, the seed collecting mother tree is relatively convenient to collect compared with the large ginseng tree, the operation is easy, the labor is saved, and the cost is reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method of an early-fruiting dwarfing cyclocarya paliurus seed garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting adult high-quality cyclocarya paliurus trees with solid main branches and side branches or current-year twigs of ancient trees as scions;
(2) selecting a 1-3-year-old cyclocarya paliurus non-woven fabric container seedling as a stock to be grafted to obtain a grafted seedling;
(3) selecting cyclocarya paliurus grafted seedlings of 1-2 years for clone configuration planting;
(4) and after the growth vigorous period of the cyclocarya paliurus is finished, trimming the top tips, the vigorous branches and the upper recurrent side branches of the cyclocarya paliurus, and performing fertilization management.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operations of step (1) comprise the following steps: the method comprises the steps of stepping on a natural distribution area of the cyclocarya paliurus, selecting a high-quality adult cyclocarya paliurus tree with straight trunk, strong main branch and side branch and full fruit as a grafting scion-picking stock tree, taking an annual twig without diseases and insect pests as a scion before the sprout of 2-3 months, wrapping and packaging the scion-picking stock tree with a wet towel, placing an ice bag to bring the scion-picking stock ground, and placing a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for grafting.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said specific grafting operation comprises the following steps: and grafting the cyclocarya paliurus in 2-3 months, selecting 2-year cyclocarya paliurus non-woven fabric container seedlings as stocks, taking collected cyclocarya paliurus adult superior tree twigs as scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method.
4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, during grafting, scions are cut into 3-5 cm long, 2-3 buds are left on each scion, the base part is cut into a wedge shape, a seedling with the ground diameter of 1-2 cm is selected as a stock, the stock is cut at a position 10-15 cm away from the root neck, a slope is longitudinally cut between the xylem and the phloem, the length of the cut is the same as the cutting surface of the scion, the scions are inserted into the cuts of the stock, the stock is bound by grafting film strips, and the buds are exposed outside; covering a film bag after grafting, using a sunshade net to build a sunshade, spraying by an automatic irrigation system, wherein the spraying time is 7:00-20:00, 10 seconds every 15 minutes, removing the film strip when the young tip of the grafted seedling grows to be more than 10cm, and properly weeding and bud picking.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of planting the clone configuration comprises the steps of: and selecting 1-2-year-old, strong and well-grown cyclocarya paliurus grafting container seedlings without diseases and insect pests for 3-5 months to carry out clone configuration, wherein the clone configuration adopts completely random arrangement, namely, the female parent plant and the male parent plant are arranged according to the proportion of 1: the 1-point proportion is randomly crossed and configured along the planting belt of the seed garden, female plants are arranged around each male plant, male plants are arranged around each female plant, and two branches of the same clone are at least separated by more than 4 plants.
6. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that, before planting, the suitable habitat of cyclocarya paliurus is selected as a site for building a garden, the selected garden is comprehensively prepared in 1 month, horizontal planting strips are formed according to the width of 2m, the whole land is deeply dug on the surface of the strips, bamboo ditches are dug on the inner sides of the horizontal strips, the planting holes are 80cm x 50cm in specification, the row spacing of the planting plants is 3m x 4m, and 0.25kg of vegetable cakes and 0.25kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hole as base fertilizers.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the planting is followed by forest stand isolation with other tree species around the clonal seed orchard, and the non-elite cyclocarya paliurus within 300m of the circumference is removed before the seed orchard is put into production; after the mother trees of the constructed cyclocarya paliurus seed orchard are normally fruited, thinning the trees in the forest, and finally controlling the planting density to be 4m multiplied by 6 m.
8. The method according to any of the claims from 1 to 7, characterized in that said specific operations of management of fertilization comprise the following steps: after a garden is built, according to a garden year management plan, urea is applied for 1 time in 3 months every year, each plant is 0.1kg, soil is loosened and weeded for 1 time in 6 months, each plant is applied with 0.15kg of compound fertilizer, and soil of a planting belt is deeply dug for 1 time in 9-10 months.
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