CN114410308A - Neutral soil conditioner prepared from decomposed organic materials and application thereof - Google Patents
Neutral soil conditioner prepared from decomposed organic materials and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114410308A CN114410308A CN202111581134.3A CN202111581134A CN114410308A CN 114410308 A CN114410308 A CN 114410308A CN 202111581134 A CN202111581134 A CN 202111581134A CN 114410308 A CN114410308 A CN 114410308A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a neutral soil conditioner prepared from decomposed organic materials and application thereof. The soil conditioner consists of an organic decomposed material, bacillus subtilis, a water-retaining agent and biochar. According to the invention, the soil conditioner is prepared by using the material obtained after the fermentation of the organic waste, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the nutrient content of the organic waste is high after the fermentation; the soil conditioner can improve the environment in soil, so that a better synergistic effect is formed, and excellent water retention, fertilizer retention, soil nutrient activation and physical property improvement capabilities are provided when the soil conditioner is applied to the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, in particular to a neutral soil conditioner prepared from decomposed organic materials and application thereof.
Background
At present, the soil conditioner product in China has strong pertinence, and is mainly used for improving certain specific types of degraded soil such as acid soil, saline-alkali soil, structural obstacle soil, heavy metal contaminated soil and the like. The soil conditioner with high nutrient is developed, so that the soil is restored and improved from nutrient, structure and physical and chemical properties, the soil conditioner has an important effect on protecting the ecological environment safety of the soil and the grain production safety, and has an important significance on developing resource recycling ecological agriculture.
In addition, China is the biggest world producing country of organic wastes, and needs to reasonably utilize the organic wastes, change wastes into valuables and realize efficient recycling of resources. However, the types of organic waste products are concentrated, for example, in the beijing area, the agricultural and forestry waste mainly comprises chestnut shells, livestock and poultry manure (chicken manure), mushroom dregs, dead branches and fallen leaves, and how to prepare the neutral soil conditioner prepared from the decomposed organic materials by using the organic waste is a technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a neutral soil conditioner prepared from decomposed organic materials and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a soil conditioner, which consists of an organic decomposed material, bacillus subtilis, a water-retaining agent and biochar.
In the soil conditioner, the organic decomposed materials can be prepared from livestock and poultry manure, edible fungus residues, chestnut shells, dead branches and fallen leaves, humic acid and a microbial agent;
preferably, the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure, the edible fungus residues, the chestnut shells and the dead branches and fallen leaves is 4: 3: 2: 1;
preferably, the mass of the humic acid is 5% of that of the livestock and poultry manure.
As an example, the molecular weight of the humic acid is 2000-5000, and the nitrogen content is 2-5 wt%.
As an example, the livestock manure is chicken manure.
In the soil conditioner, the bacillus subtilis can be added in the form of a bacterial liquid; the concentration of the bacillus subtilis liquid can be 1000000000cfu g-1；
The volume ratio of the organic decomposed material, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the water-retaining agent and the biochar is preferably 7: 1: 0.5: 1.5.
as an example, the biochar is made from chestnut shells.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
and (3) crushing the organic decomposed material, the bacillus subtilis, the water-retaining agent and the biochar, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soil conditioner.
The organic decomposed material can be obtained by mixing the livestock and poultry manure, the edible fungus residues, the chestnut shells, the dead branches and fallen leaves, the humic acid and the microbial agent and then carrying out decomposed fermentation.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of conditioning soil comprising the steps of: the conditioning can be achieved by applying the soil conditioner to soil.
Specifically, the application method of the soil conditioner is to uniformly mix the soil conditioner and the soil.
Preferably, the volume of the soil conditioner to the soil is 1: 1.
in a third aspect, the invention provides the use of said soil conditioner for promoting plant growth.
Further, the plant can be solanaceous fruit plants, crop plants, leaf vegetable plants or flower plants;
the solanaceous plant can be cucumber or tomato;
the crop plant can be corn or millet;
the leaf vegetable plant can be rape or beet;
the flower plant can be jonquil.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the soil conditioner is prepared by using the material obtained after the fermentation of the organic waste, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the nutrient content of the organic waste is high after the fermentation; the soil conditioner can improve the environment in soil, so that a better synergistic effect is formed, and excellent water retention, fertilizer retention, soil nutrient activation and physical property improvement capabilities are provided when the soil conditioner is applied to the soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a membrane fermentation system for preparing organic decomposed materials.
In the figure, 1-controller; 2-ventilating duct; 3, composting; 4-sandbag.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of tomatoes planted in soil with 50% conditioner added, after planting for 20 days, 30 days, and 40 days.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of millet planted in soil with 50% of conditioner added, after 20 days, 30 days, and 40 days.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of cucumbers planted in soil with 50% of conditioner added, 20 days, 30 days and 40 days after the cucumbers are planted.
FIG. 5 is a photograph of 20, 30, and 40 days after rape planting in soil with 50% conditioner added.
FIG. 6 is a photograph of corn planted in soil with 50% conditioner added, after 20, 30, and 40 days of planting.
FIG. 7 is a photograph of jonquil planted in soil with 50% of conditioner added, 20 days, 30 days, 40 days after planting.
FIG. 8 is a photograph of sugar beets planted in soil with 50% conditioner added thereto, 20 days, 30 days, and 40 days after planting.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples provided below serve as a guide for further modifications by a person skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation of the invention in any way.
The experimental procedures in the following examples, unless otherwise indicated, are conventional and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the instructions of the products. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 preparation of neutral soil conditioner formulated with decomposed organic Material
First, preparing organic decomposed material by decomposing and fermenting
The sources of the raw materials for preparing the organic decomposed material are as follows:
the chicken manure is collected from a Kaicheng agricultural chicken farm in Beijing, Beizhuangzhou Zhenjiawan village in the dense cloud region;
the chestnut shell is prepared from chestnut shell of Heishan Temple village in Mitsui, Beijing;
the edible fungus dregs are taken from Heishan Temple village (edible fungus planting base) in Mitsui district of Beijing, the edible fungus dregs are the dregs after culturing edible fungi, and the fungus dregs refer to the production technical specification of producing edible fungus dreg type matrix of local standard (DB 13/T2723-2018);
the dry branches and fallen leaves are collected from Heishan temple village in the dense cloud region of Beijing;
humic acid (powder): purchased from Shanxi Xin Jinxiang agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd; the molecular weight of the humic acid is 2000-5000, and the nitrogen content is 2-5 wt%;
the microbial agent is purchased from biotech limited, woterra, beijing, under the product name microbial agent (universal) -VT 1000.
The organic decomposed material is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparing chicken manure, Chinese chestnut shells, edible fungus residues, dry branches and fallen leaves, humic acid and a microbial agent, wherein the basic chemical properties of the raw materials are shown in table 1, crushing the dry branches and fallen leaves and the Chinese chestnut shells to the particle size of not more than 50mm, uniformly mixing the crushed dry branches and fallen leaves and the Chinese chestnut shells with the chicken manure, the edible fungus residues, the humic acid and the microbial agent, adding water before mixing to control the water content of materials to be 50%, and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 1: 30-35;
the material composition and the proportion (weight ratio) are as follows:
chicken manure: edible fungus dregs: chestnut shells: dry branches and fallen leaves are 4: 3: 2: 1;
adding 1 liter of microbial agent into each ton of compost raw materials;
the addition amount of humic acid is 5 percent of the quality of fresh excrement;
TABLE 1 basic chemistry of the respective raw materials
(2) As shown in fig. 1, the materials are piled up into a pile (lxbxh ═ 15m × 2m × 1.5m), and after the pile building and film covering are completed, the compost is fermented by a film fermentation system, wherein the compost is 0.15m3Performing aeration at a temperature of 40 deg.C or lower at an interval of 10min for 30 min; the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, the aeration interval is 30min, each time of aeration is 30min, the aeration pipes are arranged at the bottom layer in a rotary mode, and the distance between every two pipes is 0.2 m; the upper, middle and lower parts of the temperature probe are vertically arranged in the center of the stack body: the vertical height is 0.3-0.6-0.9 m, and a temperature trend graph is formed by real-time monitoring. The temperature is automatically and continuously monitored, the aeration fan performs aeration at a fixed frequency, and the maturity progress is detected according to the continuous change of the temperature of the fertilizer pile. And (3) early-stage fermentation for 7d, after the fermentation temperature is reduced to room temperature, closing a switch of the equipment, and precipitating the decomposed material for about 30d, wherein the decomposed material is subjected to killing of the insect eggs and sterilization for 72 hours at the temperature of more than 50 ℃ for later use. The data for the measurements of the organic material after fermentation are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 post fermentation organic Material detection data
Secondly, preparing a neutral soil conditioner prepared from decomposed organic materials
The neutral soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials:
organic decomposed materials: the organic decomposed material prepared in example 1;
bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) is available from Ista Biotech, Inc. of Beijing under the product number YT 2644. Laboratory preservation, preparing 1000000000cfu g-1Bacterial liquid (fermentation culture solution: sucrose 20g, starch 20g, yeast extract 1g, peptone 5g, NaNO3 3g，KH2PO4 5g，CaCO3 10g，H2O 1 000ml；pH 7.0。)。
Water-retaining agent: purchased from Qingdao first family New Material Co., Ltd, and has a cargo number of SDK320 (the component is polyacrylate).
Charcoal powder: is prepared by burning chestnut shells, particularly prepared by anaerobic pyrolysis at 400-600 ℃ for 5h, and the basic chemical properties are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 basic chemistry of charcoal powder
The soil conditioner is neutralized according to the following steps:
the test treatments were set according to the ratios in table 4, and the neutral soil conditioner was obtained by weighing the raw materials, mixing, and crushing.
Table 4, test treatment: volume ratio of different materials
The results of the tests are shown in tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5 physicochemical indices of the respective test treatments
TABLE 6 physicochemical indices of the respective test treatments
The physicochemical indexes are comprehensively considered, and meanwhile, the water content of the soil is influenced by adding the water-retaining agent in a content ratio, so that the processing ratio of T1 is selected as the material ratio of the conditioner, and the experiment is continued.
Third, soil improvement effect experiment
The experiment mainly aims at the influence on the physicochemical property of the soil along with the increase of the addition proportion of the conditioner. Meanwhile, the improved soil is subjected to the adaptation of different plants.
(1) Physical and chemical properties to soil
The test procedure was as follows: the physicochemical properties of the soil before improvement were measured, and the test results are shown in tables 7 and 8.
Test treatments T1-T11 were set at different conditioner addition ratios as shown in tables 9 and 10, with the following specific operations: the soil and the soil conditioner are uniformly mixed according to the proportion (volume ratio), and the physicochemical properties of the improved soil are shown in tables 11-12.
TABLE 7 basic physicochemical Properties of soil
TABLE 8 basic physicochemical Properties of the soil
Table 9, test treatments: the soil and the conditioner are mixed according to the following different volume ratios
Table 10, test treatments: the soil and the conditioner are mixed according to the following different volume ratios
TABLE 11 physical Properties of soil after improvement
TABLE 12 soil chemistry after improvement
(2) Suitable for different plants
Planting plants in soil with the addition of 50% of conditioner, wherein the 7 plants are respectively cucumbers and tomatoes of solanaceous fruits; corn and millet of crops; rape and beet of the leaf vegetables; the jonquil (corn: glutinous rice 336; millet: Jinggu No. 3; cucumber: Xiamei No. 2; rape: spring oil No. 3; beet: red beet; jonquil: Cibacas) of flowers and plants. Two pots per plant species, 5 plants per pot, cultivation pot size: the length, width and height are 50cm 60 cm. Corn and cucumber are planted on the 30 th day.
The pictures of tomato, millet, cucumber, rape, corn, jonquil, and beet are shown in fig. 2-fig. 8 after 20 days, 30 days, and 40 days. As can be seen from the figure, the plant growth condition is excellent, the plant is stout, the growth potential is good, and the phenomena of plant diseases and insect pests, yellow leaves, seedling burning and the like do not occur.
Compared with the local soil planting condition in the same period, the plant vegetative growth is rapid, the plant height is particularly obvious on corn crops, and plant height comparison data of 20 days, 30 days and 40 days of corn planted with the conditioner and corn planted without the conditioner are shown in a table 13.
TABLE 13 maize plant height with and without added conditioner
Claims (8)
1. A soil conditioner comprises organic decomposed materials, bacillus subtilis, a water-retaining agent and biochar.
2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein: the organic decomposed materials are prepared from livestock and poultry manure, edible fungus residues, chestnut shells, dead branches and fallen leaves, humic acid and a microbial agent;
preferably, the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure, the edible fungus residues, the chestnut shells and the dead branches and fallen leaves is 4: 3: 2: 1;
preferably, the mass of the humic acid is 5% of that of the livestock and poultry manure.
3. A soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the bacillus subtilis is added in a bacterial liquid form; the concentration of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 1000000000cfu g-1；
The volume ratio of the organic decomposed material to the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid to the water-retaining agent to the biochar is 7: 1: 0.5: 1.5.
4. a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the water-retaining agent is polyacrylate; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the biochar is made of chestnut shells.
5. A method of conditioning soil comprising the steps of: the conditioning can be achieved by applying the soil conditioner of any of claims 1-4 to soil.
6. The conditioning method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the application method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the soil conditioner and soil;
the volume of the soil conditioner and the soil is 1: 1.
7. use of a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for promoting plant growth.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that: the plants are solanaceous plants, crop plants, leaf vegetables or flower plants;
the solanaceous plant is preferably cucumber or tomato;
the crop plant is preferably corn or millet;
the leaf vegetable plant is preferably rape or beet;
the flower plant is preferably jonquil.
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| CN114806590A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-07-29 | 哈尔滨学院 | Soil ecological improvement composition and preparation method thereof |
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