CN114246311A - 一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,属于泡菜技术领域,包括以下步骤:S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发5‑8分钟;S2.取出泡发后的贡菜漂洗干净,然后加MVR回收食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再添加MVR回收食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段;S3.容器灭菌处理:将容器清洗干净,然后加入煮沸开水进行热烫杀菌20min;S4.向步骤S3杀菌处理后的中容器加入1000‑1200份凉白开,然后将步骤S2中切分好的贡菜称取500‑700份放入经容器,同时加入MVR回收食盐30‑60份,混匀;S5.添加复合菌剂;S6.浸渍调味。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于泡菜技术领域,具体涉及一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法。
背景技术
泡菜是一种以新鲜蔬菜等为主要原料,添加或不添加辅料,经食用盐或食用盐水渍制等工艺加工而成的蔬菜制品。泡菜中有丰富的活性乳酸菌,它可抑制肠道中腐败菌的生长,减弱腐败菌在肠道的产毒作用,并有帮助消化、防止便秘、防止细胞老化、降低胆固醇、抗肿瘤等作用。泡菜历史悠久,自古以来泡菜在人们生活中占有重要的地位。而泡菜的制作工艺,也是我国悠久而精湛的烹饪技术遗产之一。常用的四川泡菜原料有青菜、萝卜、豇豆、白菜、莴苣、辣椒、黄瓜等,以传统蔬菜为主,深受人们喜爱。
贡菜又名苔干、响菜、山蜇、苔菜。色泽鲜绿、质地爽口、味若海蜇,食用价值极高。属绿叶类蔬菜,秋季取其梗剥皮劈条晒制而成。栽培历史有两千二百多年,此品系北温带珍贵蔬菜,为菊科、莴苣属,一年生草本植物。含有谷氨酸、维C、维D、锌、铁、钙、硒等,对人体发育、抗衰老、防癌有一定食疗功效,是宴席之佳品,清乾隆年间被誉为“贡菜”。现今产品畅销东南亚等地。部分地区有着腌制贡菜,或以酱油来泡渍贡菜,但使用贡菜干制作传统四川泡菜较为罕见。
亚硝酸盐有毒性,中毒剂度为0.1g,致死量为1.0~2.0g,一方面会和血液中的亚铁血红蛋白发生氧化反应,反应生成高铁血红蛋白,造成人体缺氧中毒,症状表现为口唇及指、趾断出现青紫,面色灰暗,精神萎靡,心跳加快,头晕,呕吐,出冷汗,甚至血压下降,抽搐,昏迷等,另一方面,亚硝酸盐还能够与人体中的胺类形成具备强致癌性的N-亚硝基化合物亚硝胺。在泡菜生产中,人们更为关注亚硝酸盐不是其本身的毒性,而是亚硝酸盐和二级胺、三级胺结合形成的N-亚硝基化合物,这种化合物具有强致癌作用。所以,自然发酵泡菜亚硝酸盐含量不可控,存在食用安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,解决现有技术中自然发酵泡菜亚硝酸盐含量不可控,存在食用安全隐患的技术问题。
本发明公开了一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发 5-8分钟;
S2.取出泡发后的贡菜漂洗干净,然后加MVR回收食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再添加MVR回收食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段;
S3.容器灭菌处理:将容器清洗干净,然后加入煮沸开水进行热烫杀菌 20min;
S4.向步骤S3杀菌处理后的中容器加入1000-1200份凉白开,然后将步骤 S2中切分好的贡菜称取500-700份放入经容器,同时加入MVR回收食盐30-60 份,混匀;
S5.添加复合菌剂:将植物乳杆菌,保藏编号为CGMCC No:14931的冻干粉和短乳杆菌,保藏编号为CGMCC No.12792的冻干粉按照质量比1:2-2.5混合,获得复合菌剂,然后将复合菌剂添加到容器中进行发酵;
S6.浸渍调味:将发酵完成的泡菜与调味液混合后装袋,真空包装,4℃冷藏12-18小时后即得可马上食用的泡菜。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中热烫杀菌处理次数为2次以上。
进一步的,所述植物乳杆菌活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g。
进一步的,所述短乳杆菌活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g。
进一步的,所述步骤S5中植物乳杆菌冻干粉和短乳杆菌冻干粉按照质量比 1:2-2.5混合。
进一步的,所述步骤S5中复合菌剂添加量为容器内所有物料重量总和的 2-4%。
进一步的,所述步骤S5中发酵步骤为在20-25℃的条件下密封发酵2-3天。
进一步的,所述步骤S6中发酵完成的泡菜与调味液质量比为1-2:1。
进一步的,所述步骤S6中调味液制备方法:100份凉白开中添加MVR浓缩液6-8份、白糖1-1.5份、花椒0.2-0.4份、辣椒0.5-1.5份、大蒜0.2-0.4 份,香叶0.1-0.2份,桂皮0.05-0.015份,混匀,所述MVR浓缩液为泡菜盐渍发酵液经MVR蒸发浓缩形成的浓缩液。
上述“份”均为重量份。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.通过接种菌剂调控泡菜发酵,降低泡菜亚硝酸盐含量,阻断亚硝峰的生成,提升泡菜食用安全性;
2.创新泡菜原料,丰富贡菜干的食用方法;
3.使用MVR回收食盐,资源二次利用,节省成本;
4.丰富泡菜风味,以MVR浓缩液代替泡菜调味中食盐、味精的作用,为泡菜增添出酱香风味,提升香气及口感。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例感官评分图;
图2为本发明实施例感官喜好度图;
图3为本发明实施例亚硝酸盐含量图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例1
S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发5 分钟。
S2.取出贡菜漂洗干净,然后加适量MVR回收食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再加适量的MVR回收食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段。
S3.泡菜坛灭菌处理:将泡菜坛清洗干净,然后加入煮沸开水进行热烫杀菌20min,重复热烫杀菌处理3次。
S4.向步骤S3杀菌处理后的中容器加入1146g凉白开,然后将步骤S2中切分好的贡菜称取600g放入容器,同时加入MVR回收食盐54g,混匀。
S5.添加复合菌剂:将活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g的植物乳杆菌 CGMCCNo:14931的冻干粉和活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g的短乳杆菌 CGMCC No.12792的冻干粉按照质量比1:2混合,获得复合菌剂,再将复合菌剂按泡菜坛内所有物料重量总和的3%进行添加,于25℃的条件下密封发酵2天, 两种菌种的冻干粉均采用现有技术进行制备得到。
S6.浸渍调味:将发酵完成的泡菜与调味液按质量比1:1混合后装袋,真空包装,4℃冷藏16小时后即得到成品1,调味液制备方法:100mL凉白开中添加MVR浓缩液6g、白糖1.5g、花椒0.3g、辣椒1.0g、大蒜0.2g,香叶0.1g,桂皮0.05g,混匀。
实施例2:
S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发5 分钟。
S2.取出贡菜漂洗干净,然后加适量MVR回收食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再加适量的MVR回收食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段。
S3.泡菜坛灭菌处理:将泡菜坛清洗干净,然后加入煮沸开水进行热烫杀菌20min,重复热烫杀菌处理3次。
S4.向步骤S3杀菌处理后的中容器加入1146g凉白开,然后将步骤S2中切分好的贡菜称取600g放入容器,同时加入MVR回收食盐54g,混匀。
S5.添加复合菌剂:将活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g的植物乳杆菌 CGMCCNo:14931的冻干粉和活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g的短乳杆菌 CGMCC No.12792的冻干粉按照质量比3:2混合,获得复合菌剂,再将复合菌剂按泡菜坛内所有物料重量总和的3%进行添加,于25℃的条件下密封发酵2天。
S6.浸渍调味:将发酵完成的泡菜与调味液按质量比1:1混合后装袋,真空包装,4℃冷藏16小时后即得到成品1,调味液制备方法:100mL凉白开中添加MVR浓缩液6g、白糖1.5g、花椒0.3g、辣椒1.0g、大蒜0.2g,香叶0.1g,桂皮0.05g,混匀。
实施例3:
S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发5 分钟。
S2.取出贡菜漂洗干净,然后加适量食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再加适量的食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段。
S3.泡菜坛灭菌处理:将泡菜坛清洗干净,然后加入煮沸开水进行热烫杀菌 20min,重复热烫杀菌处理3次。
S4.向步骤S3杀菌处理后的中容器加入1146g凉白开,然后将步骤S2中切分好的贡菜称取600g放入经容器,同时加入食盐54g,混匀。
S5.添加复合菌剂:将活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g的植物乳杆菌 CGMCCNo:14931的冻干粉和活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g的短乳杆菌 CGMCC No.12792的冻干粉按照质量比1:2混合,获得复合菌剂,再将复合菌剂按泡菜坛内所有物料重量总和的3%进行添加,于25℃的条件下密封发酵2天。
S6.浸渍调味:将发酵完成的泡菜与调味液按质量比1:1混合后装袋,真空包装,4℃冷藏16小时后即得到成品1,调味液制备方法:100mL凉白开中添加食盐3g、味精2g、白糖1.5g、花椒0.3g、辣椒1.0g、大蒜0.2g,香叶0.1g,桂皮0.05g,混匀。
实施例4:
S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发5 分钟。
S2.取出贡菜漂洗干净,然后加适量食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再加适量的食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段。
S3.老母水的制作,食盐4g,生姜10g、辣椒16g、料酒4g、白糖6g、醪糟汁1g、香辛料包2g,香辛料包包括:八角0.4g、花椒0.4g、茴香0.2g、甘草0.2g、肉桂0.5g、陈皮0.3g。
S4.将步骤S2.中切分好的贡菜放入装有步骤S3制备的老母水的1L泡菜坛中,25℃室内发酵,发酵周期2天,得到成品4。
实施例5:
S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发5 分钟。
S2.取出贡菜漂洗干净,然后加适量食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再加适量的食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段。
S3.将步骤S2中切分好的贡菜放入干净的、装有凉白开的2kg泡菜坛中,同时加入加入食盐36g、味精1g、白糖30g、花椒4g、辣椒20g、大蒜6g,置于泡菜坛中,25℃室内发酵,发酵周期5天,得到成品5。
实验例1:理化指标对比
根据国标测定方法,测定了成品1-5的总酸浓度,由表1可知,成品2的总酸在整个发酵过程中始终高于其余成品,酸度过高,泡菜口感刺激、不适,说明植物乳杆菌CGMCC No:14931产酸过多,应降低其在菌剂中的占比。成品 1和成品3的酸度适中。成品4以老母水自身的酸味为主,酸度偏高,成品5 自然发酵成熟较慢,总酸偏低。
实验例2:样品感官比较
随机选择100名感官人员,对成品1-5的色泽、香味、滋味、质地进行评分,采用五点喜好标度法评估,“1”表示非常不喜欢,不可接受;“2”表示不喜欢;“3”不喜欢也不讨厌;“4”喜欢;“5”非常喜欢。
由图1可知,成品1的感官评分总体高于成品2、3、4、5,各指标评分均较高,说明使用菌剂调控发酵对泡菜的品质有良好的促进作用,加入MVR回收食盐和浓缩液对泡菜的香味口感都有一定的提升,酱香风味浓郁,且有一定的护色保脆效果。成品2的酸度过高导致感官评分偏低,成品3未使用MVR食盐和浓缩液,香气较弱,滋味单调。成品4老母水自身的风味浓郁有关,但无酱香味,评分偏低,口感、质地评分均较差,老母水初始酸度较高,容易导致泡菜变软及褐变。成品5自然发酵贡菜的色泽较暗,香气不足,滋味、口感较单一。
如图2所示,在100名感官人员中,成品1的喜好度为46%,成品2的喜好度为13%,成品3的喜好度为20%,成品4的喜好度为14%,成品5的喜好度为7%。
实验例3:质构对比
由表2可以看出,成品1制备的贡菜泡菜硬度、内聚性、弹性胶粘性和咀嚼性5个指标均比其余成品高,说明实施例1制备的贡菜泡菜口感、脆度都较好。
实验例4:亚硝酸盐含量对比
根据国标测定方法,测定了成品1-5的亚硝酸盐含量,结果如图3所示。成品1-3亚硝酸盐含量低,成品1最低,仅0.11mg/kg。成品5亚硝酸盐含量最高,但未超过国家限量标准(20mg/kg)。可见,本发明的贡菜干泡菜亚硝酸盐含量较低,保证食用安全性。
表1 理化指标
表2 质构指标
Claims (9)
1.一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.选择绿色纤维少的优质干贡菜,剪去叶片及嫩梢,先放入开水中泡发5-8分钟;
S2.取出泡发后的贡菜漂洗干净,然后加MVR回收食盐进行揉搓,挤去绿水,再添加MVR回收食盐和白糖揉搓2~3分钟,最后再漂洗干净,切成小段;
S3.容器灭菌处理:将容器清洗干净,然后加入煮沸开水进行热烫杀菌20min;
S4.向步骤S3杀菌处理后的中容器加入1000-1200份凉白开,然后将步骤S2中切分好的贡菜称取500-700份放入经容器,同时加入MVR回收食盐30-60份,混匀;
S5.添加复合菌剂:将植物乳杆菌,保藏编号为CGMCC No:14931的冻干粉和短乳杆菌,保藏编号为CGMCC No.12792的冻干粉混合,获得复合菌剂,然后将复合菌剂添加到容器中进行发酵;
S6.浸渍调味:将发酵完成的泡菜与调味液混合后装袋,真空包装,4℃冷藏12-18小时后即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中热烫杀菌处理次数为2次以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述植物乳杆菌活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述短乳杆菌活菌数为1.0×108-5.0×108CFU/g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中植物乳杆菌冻干粉和短乳杆菌冻干粉按照质量比1:2-2.5混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中复合菌剂添加量为容器内所有物料重量总和的2-4%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中发酵步骤为在20-25℃的条件下密封发酵2-3天。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S6中发酵完成的泡菜与调味液质量比为1-2:1。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种低亚硝酸盐的酱香风味贡菜泡菜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S6中调味液制备方法:100份凉白开中添加MVR浓缩液6-8份、白糖1-1.5份、花椒0.2-0.4份、辣椒0.5-1.5份、大蒜0.2-0.4份,香叶0.1-0.2份,桂皮0.05-0.015份,混匀,所述MVR浓缩液为泡菜盐渍发酵液经MVR蒸发浓缩形成的浓缩液。
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