CN114128578A

CN114128578A - Facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN114128578A
Application number: CN202111414072.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩量; 杨天建; 肖波; 蒲盛才; 余中莲; 全健; 雷美艳; 李娜
Original assignee: CHONGQING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINAL PLANT CULTIVATION
Current assignee: CHONGQING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINAL PLANT CULTIVATION
Priority date: 2021-11-25
Filing date: 2021-11-25
Publication date: 2022-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-25
Also published as: CN114128578B

Abstract

The invention provides a facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, which mainly comprises seven steps: the method comprises the following steps of seed collection and cleaning, primary seed disinfection, seed soaking, secondary seed disinfection, first-year seed germination period management, second-year first-leaf-period seedling management and third-year strong seedling management. By adopting the seedling culture method provided by the invention, on one hand, the germination rate and the emergence rate of seeds are effectively improved, the sizes of the primary tubers and the seedling tubers are increased, and the cultured seedling roots are more developed; on the other hand, the field management cost is reduced, the large-scale production of the polygonatum cyrtonema seed seedlings is facilitated, and sufficient high-quality seed sources are provided for polygonatum cyrtonema planting.

Description

Facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials polygonatum cyrtonema, in particular to a facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings.

Background

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is one of basic plants of traditional Chinese medicine Polygonatum cyrtonema, is a traditional bulk medicinal and edible dual-purpose medicinal material in China, and has the effects of tonifying qi and yin, strengthening spleen, moistening lung, tonifying kidney and the like. Can be used for treating deficiency of spleen-stomach qi, asthenia, deficiency of stomach-yin, xerostomia, cough, hemoptysis, deficiency of essence and blood, soreness of waist and knees, premature gray hair, and diabetes.

Polygonatum cyrtonema is a plant of Polygonatum of Liliaceae, and is mainly distributed in provinces and cities along the Yangtze river. The Polygonatum cyrtonema propagation modes mainly comprise rhizome propagation, seed propagation and tissue culture. The rootstocks can be used as propagation materials and commodities at the same time, which not only leads to serious resource exhaustion, but also causes serious problems of sexual degeneration, disease diffusion and the like due to multi-generation asexual propagation, and directly leads to the reduction of commodity yield and quality. Meanwhile, the rhizome propagation method has low propagation coefficient, large seed consumption and high production cost, and the seedling supply becomes a restriction bottleneck of large-scale cultivation. The tissue culture mode for producing the seedlings has the problems of high facility and equipment requirements, complex operation and high comprehensive cost, and is difficult to be applied in a large range in production. The seed propagation has the advantages of large seed quantity and relatively low cost. But has lower germination rate, long seedling time and low seedling rate under natural conditions. There are mainly the following problems: firstly, the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds have the characteristics of after-ripening shape, slow water absorption, germination inhibiting substances and the like after being harvested, have a long dormancy period, have low germination rate in the first year, and are easy to rot in the process; secondly, the seedling raising time is long and the management difficulty is high. Under natural conditions, 1 true leaf can grow out after the polygonatum cyrtonema undergoes 2 winter dormancy, the leaf period lasts for one year, the overground part can grow to more than ten centimeters after three years, and the polygonatum cyrtonema can become high-quality seedlings in the fourth year. In the process of raising seedlings of field seeds, excessive spring, summer and rainy seasons, multiple leaf surface diseases and root rot diseases of seedlings such as gray mold, leaf spot, anthracnose and the like, and the growth of the seedlings is seriously influenced; the weeds in the field are flourishing, and the management difficulty of weeding, water fertilizer, diseases and the like is great; thirdly, the roots are easy to damage when the seedlings are transplanted, and the subsequent growth quantity is influenced.

Therefore, by combining modern agricultural facilities, adjusting the polygonatum cyrtonema seed seedling raising mode, adopting greenhouse facilities to raise seedlings, controlling water, fertilizer and weeds in the seedling raising environment, effectively reducing the disease incidence of polygonatum cyrtonema, improving the seedling growth quality, producing high-quality strong seedlings of polygonatum cyrtonema, practically solving the technical problem of excellent polygonatum cyrtonema seedling production, realizing large-scale and standardized seedling raising of polygonatum cyrtonema, and promoting the development of polygonatum cyrtonema industry.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, which comprises the following steps:

s1, seed collection and cleaning: collecting and packaging Polygonatum cyrtonema fruits in a breathable woven bag after the color of the Polygonatum cyrtonema fruits changes from green to black; rubbing and rinsing to remove pulp and peel after the fruits become soft to obtain clean seeds;

s2, first disinfection of seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the S1 in disinfectant I for 1-2 hours, and draining excessive water;

s3, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the S2 in clear water for 2-3 hours at 15-25 ℃ every day, draining excessive water, and continuously operating for 10-20 days to ensure that the seeds are full of water until 3-6% of the seeds germinate;

s4, secondary seed disinfection: coating the seeds treated by the S3 with a bactericidal seed coating agent for later use;

s5, first-year seed germination period management: sowing the seeds treated by S4 in a foam box paved with 3-5CM storage matrix, covering the foam box with 1-2CM storage matrix, covering the foam box, controlling the environmental temperature at 15-20 ℃ from 12 months in the first year to 3 months in the middle of the second year, keeping the moisture of the matrix within the range of 60-70% to promote the germination of primary rhizomes, managing the primary rhizomes under the condition of natural temperature after the primary rhizomes are formed, keeping the humidity unchanged, spraying trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate every 1 month after sowing, and promoting the growth of root systems and the expansion of the primary rhizomes;

s6, seedling management in the second year in the first leaf stage: after the nascent rhizome enters the dormancy stage, carrying out disinfection treatment for later use, then transferring the nascent rhizome into a plug tray I or a flat tray which is fully paved with a seedling substrate, covering the seedling substrate with 1-2CM on the surface, placing the plug tray I or the flat tray in a greenhouse, keeping the humidity of the substrate at 40-70%, well performing nutrient management and pest and disease management, controlling the shading degree at 65-75%, and enabling the plug tray I to have 200 holes;

s7, third-year strong seedling management: after the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in the first leaf period enter the dormancy stage, sterilizing for later use, then transferring the seedlings into a plug II or a flat plate which is fully paved with a seedling substrate, slightly pressing, covering 1-2cm of the seedling substrate on the surface, placing the plug II or the flat plate in a greenhouse, keeping the moisture content of the substrate at 40-70% humidity, well performing nutrient management and pest management, and controlling the shading degree to be 45-55%, wherein the plug II is 50 holes.

In the above method, the disinfectant solution i in S2 is a carbendazim solution having a concentration of 0.2 to 0.3%.

In the method, the fungicide seed coating agent in S4 is 62.5g/L of fludioxonil or 4.8% of phenylate fludioxonil or 11% of fluymidonium, the 62.5g/L of fludioxonil and the seeds are mixed according to the proportion of 1:250-333, the 4.8% of phenylate fludioxonil and the seeds are mixed according to the proportion of 1:350-500, and the 11% of fluymidonium is mixed according to the proportion of 200-400 ml/100 kg of seeds, wherein the percentage is the mass percentage.

In the method, the storage substrate in S5 is peat and perlite which are mixed evenly according to the proportion of 2-2.5:1, and soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for standby.

In the above method, the process of S5 is performed indoors or in a greenhouse.

In the method, the seedling culture substrate S6 is peat, coconut coir and perlite which are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 3-4:2:1, and a soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for later use.

In the method, the nutrient management of S6 is that trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed 60-70 days before emergence of seedlings every 20-30 days to promote the growth of root systems, and KH is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 15-20 days₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients once, and applying the N, P and K balanced water-soluble fertilizer once every 20 days after seedlings emerge for 70 days to fall.

In the method, the pest and disease damage management of S6 is that the emergence rate reaches 50%, carbendazim and mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil or procymidone or penthiopyrad or picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol or thifluzamide or fluxapyroxad is used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment can be carried out through a physical mode.

In the method, the nutrient management of S7 is that when the temperature of the greenhouse is above 15 ℃, trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed every 20 days to promote the growth of root systems for 2-3 times in total; spraying KH on leaves 30 days before emergence of seedlings₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients, and spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days; the seedlings emerge for 30 to 90 days, and the high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every 20 days to promote the growth of the leaves; and after 90 days of seedling emergence and seedling dumping, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every 20 days to promote the expansion of rootstocks.

In the method, the pest and disease damage management of S7 is that the emergence rate reaches 50%, carbendazim and mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil or procymidone or penthiopyrad or picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol or thifluzamide or fluxapyroxad is used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment can be carried out through a physical mode.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds adopt the treatment modes of repeated disinfection, continuous seed soaking, indoor matrix temperature and humidity control germination, microbial agent and fertilizer spraying and the like, and the rotting rate of the seeds is reduced to below 5 percent; the seed germination rate reaches more than 92 percent; the weight of the primary tuber can reach 0.12-0.15g, and the number of roots is 5-10.

2. Dynamic management is adopted in different growth periods, the occurrence of diseases can be effectively controlled, the shading degree, the water content of a substrate and the nutrient supply in a growth environment are accurately controlled, and the seedling rate of the biennial first-leaf seedlings reaches more than 98 percent; the fresh weight of tubers is 0.5-1.2g, and the few tubers can reach more than 2 g; the root system is developed and the number is 10-25. The seedling rate of the three-year-old seedlings reaches more than 97 percent; the fresh weight of the tuber with roots is 6-10g, the weight of a few parts can reach more than 15g, the number of buds is 2-3, and the length of the tuber is 3-6 cm; the root system is developed and the number is more than 25.

3. The medium is adopted to carry out centralized seedling raising of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, the harm and insect damage of foreign weed seeds are reduced, the field management cost is reduced, the large-scale production of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings is facilitated, and sufficient high-quality provenance is provided for polygonatum cyrtonema planting.

4. Under the condition of ensuring good growth of the seedlings, the nutrient supply mode is adjusted, the porous plug seedling is adopted as much as possible, the space can be effectively utilized, and the management cost is reduced. 50 million high-quality seedling seedlings of the biennial polygonatum cyrtonema and 15 million high-quality seedling seedlings of the triannial polygonatum cyrtonema can be provided in each mu of greenhouse. And the plug seedling culture effectively avoids the mutual winding of root systems, can realize the effects of rapidness, soil carrying and no root damage during the transplanting of the seedlings, can quickly recover the growth after the transplanting, and greatly improves the survival rate of the seedlings and the annual growth amount.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the growth of the biennial polygonatum cyrtonema of example 1;

FIG. 2 shows the growth of the three-year-old Polygonatum cyrtonema of example 1;

FIG. 3 shows the growth of the biennial polygonatum cyrtonema of example 2;

FIG. 4 shows the growth of the three-year-old Polygonatum cyrtonema of example 2;

FIG. 5 shows the growth of the biennial polygonatum cyrtonema of example 3;

FIG. 6 shows the growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema of example 3.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, which comprises the following steps:

s1, seed collection and cleaning: collecting and packaging Polygonatum cyrtonema fruits in a breathable woven bag after the color of the Polygonatum cyrtonema fruits changes from green to black; and rubbing and rinsing to remove pulp and peel after the fruits are softened to obtain clean seeds.

S2, first disinfection of seeds: the seeds treated by S1 were soaked in carbendazim at a concentration of 0.2% for 2 hours, and excess water was drained.

S3, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the S2 in clear water for 2 hours at 25 ℃ every day, draining excessive water, and continuously operating for 20 days to ensure that the seeds are full of water until 6 percent of the seeds germinate.

S4, secondary seed disinfection: the seeds treated by the S3 are mixed with 62.5g/L of fludioxonil according to the seed ratio of 1:250-333 for standby.

S5, first-year seed germination period management: at the beginning of 12 months, the seeds treated with S4 were sown in a foam box with 5CM of storage medium, covered with 1CM of storage medium, covered with the foam box, and the ambient temperature was controlled at 20 ℃ to maintain the moisture of the medium in the range of 60-70% to promote seed germination. After the primary rhizome is formed in the early 3 months of the next year, the management is carried out under the natural temperature condition, and the humidity is kept unchanged. Spraying trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate every 1 month from the beginning of sowing to the dormancy of the birth rhizome, and promoting the growth of the root system and the expansion of the birth rhizome.

S6, seedling management in the second year in the first leaf stage: after the nascent rhizome enters dormancy, disinfecting for 30 minutes by using 0.1% carbendazim solution, taking out and airing for later use. And (3) fully spreading the seedling substrate in a plug tray with 200 holes, slightly pressing, putting 1 nascent rhizome in each hole, covering the seedling substrate with 1CM on the surface, and putting the plug tray in a greenhouse. The water content management is as follows: spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days when Polygonatum cyrtonema does not sprout in winter, and keeping the water content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity; in spring, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃, the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds start to grow a piece of true leaves, water is sprayed for 3-5 minutes every two days, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 3-5 minutes every day, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days after the polygonatum cyrtonema is poured into the seedling in autumn, and keeping the moisture content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity. The nutrient management comprises the following steps: 70 days before seedling emergence, the root system of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings is underdeveloped, and trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed every 20 days to promote the growth of the root system; spraying KH on leaves simultaneously₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients, and spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days; and (4) after 70 days of seedling emergence until seedling pouring, applying a balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N, P and K of 21:21:21 every 20 days. The pest and disease damage management comprises the following steps: when the emergence rate reaches 50%, the carbendazim and the mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil, procymidone, penthiopyrad, picoxystrobin and picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol, thifluzamide and fluxapyroxad are used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment are carried out by a physical method. The shading management comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by using a shading net with 8 needles, and the shading degree is controlled at 70 percent.

S7, seedling management in the third year: after the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in the first leaf period enter dormancy stage, 0.1% carbendazim solution is usedSoaking for 30 minutes, taking out and slightly drying for later use. And (3) fully spreading the seedling culture substrate in a plug tray with 50 holes, slightly pressing, putting 1 seedling in one leaf stage in each hole, covering the surface with the culture substrate for 1cm, and putting the plug tray in a greenhouse. The water content management is as follows: spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days when Polygonatum cyrtonema does not sprout in winter, and keeping the water content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity; in spring, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃, Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds begin to emerge successively, water is sprayed for 4-6 minutes every two days, and the moisture content of the seedling substrate is kept at 50-70% humidity; in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 4-6 minutes every day, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; spraying water for 4-6 minutes every three days after the polygonatum cyrtonema is poured into the seedling in autumn, and keeping the moisture content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity. The nutrient management comprises the following steps: spraying Trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate every 20 days when the temperature of the greenhouse is above 15 deg.C, promoting root growth for 2-3 times, spraying KH onto leaves 30 days before emergence of seedlings₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients, and spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days; the seedlings emerge for 30 to 90 days, and the high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 30 to 10 is applied every 20 days to promote the growth of leaves; and (3) after 90 days of seedling emergence until seedling pouring, applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N, P and K being 14:14:30 once every 20 days to promote rhizome expansion. The pest and disease damage management comprises the following steps: when the emergence rate reaches 50%, the carbendazim and the mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil, procymidone, penthiopyrad and picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol, thifluzamide and fluxapyroxad are used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment are carried out by a physical method. The shading management comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by using a 6-pin shading net, and the shading degree is controlled at 50%.

Wherein, the storage substrate is peat and perlite which are mixed evenly according to the proportion of 2:1, and soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for standby; the seedling culture medium is peat, coconut coir and perlite which are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 3:2:1, and soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for later use.

In this example, the growth of polygonatum cyrtonema in the biennial one-leaf stage is shown in fig. 1; the growth conditions of the seedlings of the three-year-old polygonatum cyrtonema are shown in figure 2.

Example 2

S2, first disinfection of seeds: the seeds treated with S1 were soaked in 0.3% carbendazim for 1 hour, and excess water was drained.

S3, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the S2 in clear water for 3 hours every day at 15 ℃, draining excessive water, and continuously operating for 10 days to ensure that the seeds are full of water until 3 percent of the seeds germinate.

S4, secondary seed disinfection: the seeds treated by the S3 are mixed with 4.8 percent of phenylate fludioxonil by mass percent, and the seeds treated by the S3 are mixed for later use according to the seed ratio of 1: 350-500.

S5, first-year seed germination period management: at the beginning of 12 months, the seeds treated with S4 were sown in a foam box with 3CM storage medium, covered with 2CM storage medium, covered with foam box, and the ambient temperature was controlled at 15 deg.C to maintain the moisture of the medium in the range of 60-70% to promote seed germination. After the primary rhizome is formed in the early 3 months of the next year, the management is carried out under the natural temperature condition, the humidity is kept unchanged, and trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed every 1 month after sowing, so that the growth of the root system and the expansion of the primary rhizome are promoted.

S6, seedling management in the second year in the first leaf stage: after the nascent rhizome enters dormancy, disinfecting for 30 minutes by using 0.1% carbendazim solution, taking out and airing for later use. And (3) fully spreading the seedling substrate in a flat plate with holes, slightly pressing, putting nascent rootstocks, covering the seedling substrate with 2CM on the surface, and putting the flat plate with holes in a greenhouse. The water content management is as follows: spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days when Polygonatum cyrtonema does not sprout in winter, and keeping the water content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity; the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃ in spring, and the Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds begin to be continuedGrowing a true leaf, spraying water for 3-5 minutes every two days, and keeping the water content of the seedling substrate at 50-70% humidity; in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 3-5 minutes every day, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days after the polygonatum cyrtonema is poured into the seedling in autumn, and keeping the moisture content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity. The nutrient management comprises the following steps: 70 days before seedling emergence, the root system of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings is underdeveloped, and trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed every 20 days to promote the growth of the root system; spraying KH on leaves simultaneously₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients, and spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days; and (4) after 70 days of seedling emergence until seedling pouring, applying a balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N, P and K of 21:21:21 every 20 days. The pest and disease damage management comprises the following steps: when the emergence rate reaches 50%, the carbendazim and the mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil, procymidone, penthiopyrad and picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol, thifluzamide and fluxapyroxad are used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment are carried out by a physical method. The shading management comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by using a shading net with 8 needles, and the shading degree is controlled at 70 percent.

S7, seedling management in the third year: after the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in the first leaf period enter the dormancy stage, soaking the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 0.1% for 30 minutes, taking out the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings and slightly drying the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings for later use. And (3) fully spreading the seedling culture substrate in a flat plate with holes, slightly pressing, putting seedlings in one leaf stage, covering the surface with the culture substrate for 2cm, and putting the flat plate with the holes on a stand off the ground in a greenhouse. The water content management is as follows: spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days when Polygonatum cyrtonema does not sprout in winter, and keeping the water content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity; in spring, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃, Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds begin to emerge successively, water is sprayed for 4-6 minutes every two days, and the moisture content of the seedling substrate is kept at 50-70% humidity; in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 4-6 minutes every day, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; spraying water for 4-6 minutes every three days after the polygonatum cyrtonema is poured into the seedling in autumn, and keeping the moisture content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity. The nutrient management comprises the following steps: spraying one at intervals of 20 days when the temperature of the greenhouse is above 15 DEG CTrichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate can promote root growth for 2-3 times, and KH is sprayed to leaf surface 30 days before emergence₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients, and spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days; the seedlings emerge for 30 to 90 days, and the high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 30 to 10 is applied every 20 days to promote the growth of leaves; and (3) after 90 days of seedling emergence until seedling pouring, applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N, P and K being 14:14:30 once every 20 days to promote rhizome expansion. The pest and disease damage management comprises the following steps: when the emergence rate reaches 50%, the carbendazim and the mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil, procymidone, penthiopyrad and picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol, thifluzamide and fluxapyroxad are used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment are carried out by a physical method. The shading management comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by using a 6-pin shading net, and the shading degree is controlled at 50%.

Wherein, the storage substrate is peat and perlite which are mixed evenly according to the proportion of 2.5:1, and soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for standby; the seedling culture medium is peat, coconut coir and perlite which are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 4:2:1, and soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for later use.

In this example, the growth of polygonatum cyrtonema in the biennial one-leaf stage is shown in fig. 3; the growth conditions of the seedlings of the three-year-old polygonatum cyrtonema are shown in figure 4.

Example 3

S2, first disinfection of seeds: the seeds treated with S1 were soaked in 0.25% carbendazim for 2 hours and excess water was drained.

S3, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the S2 in clear water for 2.5 hours every day at the temperature of 20 ℃, draining excessive water, and continuously operating for 15 days to ensure that the seeds are full of water until 5 percent of the seeds germinate.

S4, secondary seed disinfection: the seeds treated by the S3 are mixed by the xylem pyrromycete with the mass percentage of 11 percent according to the proportion of 200-400 ml/100 kg for later use.

S5, first-year seed germination period management: at the beginning of 12 months, the seeds treated with S4 were sown in a foam box with 4CM of storage medium, covered with 1CM of storage medium, covered with the foam box, and the ambient temperature was controlled at 20 ℃ to maintain the moisture of the medium in the range of 60-70% to promote seed germination. After the primary rhizome is formed in the early 3 months of the next year, the management is carried out under the natural temperature condition, the humidity is kept unchanged, and trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed every 1 month after sowing, so that the growth of the root system and the expansion of the primary rhizome are promoted.

S6, seedling management in the second year in the first leaf stage: after the nascent rhizome enters dormancy, disinfecting for 30 minutes by using 0.1% carbendazim solution, taking out and airing for later use. And (3) fully spreading the seedling substrate in a flat plate, slightly pressing, putting 200 nascent rootstocks in each plate, covering the seedling substrate with 1CM of the surface, and putting the flat plate in a greenhouse. The water content management is as follows: spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days when Polygonatum cyrtonema does not sprout in winter, and keeping the water content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity; in spring, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃, the polygonatum cyrtonema seeds start to grow a piece of true leaves, water is sprayed for 3-5 minutes every two days, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 3-5 minutes every day, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days after the polygonatum cyrtonema is poured into the seedling in autumn, and keeping the moisture content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity. The nutrient management comprises the following steps: 70 days before seedling emergence, the root system of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings is underdeveloped, and trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed every 20 days to promote the growth of the root system; spraying KH on leaves simultaneously₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients, and spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days; and (4) after 70 days of seedling emergence until seedling pouring, applying a balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N, P and K of 21:21:21 every 20 days. The pest and disease damage management comprises the following steps: when the emergence rate reaches 50%, the carbendazim and the mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent diseases;when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil, procymidone, penthiopyrad and picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol, thifluzamide and fluxapyroxad are used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment are carried out by a physical method. The shading management comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by using a shading net with 8 needles, and the shading degree is controlled at 70 percent.

S7, seedling management in the third year: after the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in the first leaf period enter the dormancy stage, soaking the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 0.1% for 30 minutes, taking out the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings and slightly drying the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings for later use. And (3) fully spreading the seedling culture substrate in a flat plate, slightly pressing, putting 50 seedlings in one leaf period in each plate, covering the surface with the culture substrate for 1cm, and putting the flat plate in a greenhouse. The water content management is as follows: spraying water for 3-5 minutes every three days when Polygonatum cyrtonema does not sprout in winter, and keeping the water content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity; in spring, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 20 ℃, Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds begin to emerge successively, water is sprayed for 4-6 minutes every two days, and the moisture content of the seedling substrate is kept at 50-70% humidity; in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse is above 30 ℃, water is sprayed for 4-6 minutes every day, and the moisture content of the seedling culture substrate is kept at 50-70 percent; spraying water for 4-6 minutes every three days after the polygonatum cyrtonema is poured into the seedling in autumn, and keeping the moisture content of the seedling substrate at 40-60% humidity. The nutrient management comprises the following steps: when the temperature of the greenhouse is above 15 ℃, spraying trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate once every 20 days to promote root growth, wherein the total number of the root growth is 2-3, spraying KH2PO4 on leaf surfaces 30 days before emergence of seedlings to supplement nutrients, and spraying once every 15 days; the seedlings emerge for 30 to 90 days, and the high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 30 to 10 is applied every 20 days to promote the growth of leaves; and (3) after 90 days of seedling emergence until seedling pouring, applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N, P and K being 14:14:30 once every 20 days to promote rhizome expansion. The pest and disease damage management comprises the following steps: when the emergence rate reaches 50%, the carbendazim and the mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil, procymidone, penthiopyrad and picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol, thifluzamide and fluxapyroxad are used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment are carried out by a physical method. The shading management comprises the following steps: shading is carried out by using a 6-pin shading net, and the shading degree is controlled at 50%.

In this example, the growth of polygonatum cyrtonema in the biennial one-leaf stage is shown in fig. 5; the growth conditions of the seedlings of the three-year-old polygonatum cyrtonema are shown in figure 6.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example provides a facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that: the seeds treated by S3 are not disinfected for the second time and are directly ready for use.

The other steps were in accordance with example 1.

The seedling raising methods of comparative example 1 and example 1 were respectively adopted, and the comparative data of the seed decay rate and germination rate were as follows:

TABLE 1 comparison of decay Rate and Germination Rate of seeds in comparative example 1 and example 1

	The rotten rate of the seeds%	The seed germination rate%
			Example 1	4.9	92.5
Comparative example 1	10.7	90.1

As can be seen from Table 1, the use of the fungicide seed coating agent for Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds can greatly reduce the rotting rate of the seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example provides a facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that:

s5, first-year seed germination period management: the temperature control is not carried out from 12 months in the first year to 3 months in the second year in the seed germination period, the germination is carried out under the natural temperature condition, and other conditions are consistent with those of the example 1.

The seedling raising methods of the comparative example 2 and the example 1 are respectively adopted, and the comparative data of the germination rates of polygonatum cyrtonema seeds are as follows:

TABLE 2 comparative data on seed germination rates in comparative example 2 and example 1

	The germination rate%
		Example 1	92.4
Comparative example 2	30.5

As can be seen from Table 2, the Polygonatum cyrtonema seed can be effectively promoted to germinate by controlling the temperature of the Polygonatum cyrtonema seed at 15-20 ℃ in the germination stage.

Comparative example 3

in S6 and S7, KH is not sprayed on the leaf surfaces alone in nutrient management₂PO₄And (5) supplementing nutrients.

The other steps were in accordance with example 1.

The comparison data of the tuber weight in the first-leaf stage and the strong seedling stage of the florigen by adopting the seedling raising methods of the comparative example 3 and the example 1 respectively are as follows:

TABLE 3 comparison of tuber weight data in one-leaf stage and strong seedling stage in comparative example 3 and example 1

As can be seen from Table 3, foliage spray KH₂PO₄The foliar fertilizer can effectively improve the tuber weight in the first leaf stage and the strong seedling stage.

Comparative example 4

the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the mushroom dregs, the peat and the perlite according to the ratio of 2:2:1, and other steps are the same as the step 1.

Comparative example 5

the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the mushroom dregs, the peat and the perlite according to the ratio of 3:1:1, and other steps are the same as the step 1.

Comparative example 6

the seedling raising substrate is prepared by mixing herb residue, peat and perlite according to a ratio of 2:2:1, and other steps are the same as those in example 1.

Comparative example 7

the seedling raising substrate is prepared by mixing herb residue, peat and perlite according to a ratio of 3:1:1, and other steps are the same as those in example 1.

Comparative example 8

the seedling substrate is peat and perlite mixed according to the ratio of 3:1, and other steps are consistent with the example 1.

The seedling raising methods of the example 1 and the comparative examples 4 to 8 are adopted respectively, and the comparative data of the polygonatum cyrtonema in each growth period are as follows:

TABLE 4 comparative data of Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings during growth period in example 1 and comparative examples 4-8

	Biennial leaf color	Biennial tuber weight g	Annual tuber weight g
				Comparative example 4	Yellowing of leaves	0.41	0.82
Comparative example 5	Yellowing of leaves	0.39	0.78
				Comparative example 6	Leaf color dark green	0.75	0.98
Comparative example 7	Yellow leaf color	0.64	0.92
				Comparative example 8	Leaf color green	0.79	1.07
Example 1	Leaf color dark green	0.83	1.12

As can be seen from Table 4, the seedling substrate of the present invention can promote the growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema tubers and provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in the seedling stage.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A facility seedling raising method for polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein said disinfectant i in S2 is a carbendazim solution with a concentration of 0.2-0.3%.

3. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the fungicide seed coating agent in S4 is 62.5g/L of fludioxonil or 4.8% of phenylate fludioxonil or 11% of fluymidonium, the 62.5g/L of fludioxonil and seeds are mixed according to a ratio of 1:250-333, the 4.8% of phenylate fludioxonil and seeds are mixed according to a ratio of 1:350-500, and the 11% of fluymidonium is mixed according to a ratio of 200-400 ml/100 kg seeds, wherein% is mass percentage.

4. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the storage medium is peat and perlite which are mixed uniformly according to a ratio of 2-2.5:1, and soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for later use.

5. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the process of S5 is completed indoors or in a greenhouse.

6. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein S6 the seedling raising medium is peat, coco coir and perlite which are mixed uniformly according to a ratio of 3-4:2:1, and soil disinfectant is used for disinfection for later use.

7. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient management of S6 is spraying trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate every 20-30 days for 60-70 days before emergence of seedlings to promote root growth, and spraying KH on leaf surfaces every 15-20 days₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients once, and applying the N, P and K balanced water-soluble fertilizer once every 20 days after seedlings emerge for 70 days to fall.

8. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step of S6, the disease and pest management is started when the rate of emergence reaches 50%, and carbendazim and mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil or procymidone or penthiopyrad or picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol or thifluzamide or fluxapyroxad is used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment can be carried out through a physical mode.

9. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the nutrient management of S7, when the greenhouse temperature is above 15 ℃, trichoderma harzianum and potassium fulvate are sprayed every 20 days to promote root growth for 2-3 times in total; spraying KH on leaves 30 days before emergence of seedlings₂PO₄Supplementing nutrients, and spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days; the seedlings emerge for 30 to 90 days, and the high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every 20 days to promote the growth of the leaves; and after 90 days of seedling emergence and seedling dumping, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every 20 days to promote the expansion of rootstocks.

10. The facility seedling raising method of polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the pest management of S7 is started when the rate of emergence reaches 50%, and carbendazim and mancozeb are alternately applied every 15 days to prevent the occurrence of diseases; when the foliar diseases occur, amiloride (azoxystrobin) is used for compounding pyrimethanil or procymidone or penthiopyrad or picoxystrobin for treatment; when the rhizome disease occurs, hymexazol or thifluzamide or fluxapyroxad is used for treating; when the insect pest in the greenhouse is less, the prevention and the treatment can be carried out through a physical mode.