CN114097543A - Introduction and domestication cultivation method and application of gentianella acuta - Google Patents
Introduction and domestication cultivation method and application of gentianella acuta Download PDFInfo
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- 241000657045 Gentianella acuta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001071795 Gentiana Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- LIRDHUDRLFDYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+);trisulfite Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O LIRDHUDRLFDYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an introduction domestication cultivation method and application of gentianella acuta, and particularly relates to the field of cultivation of medicinal plants. The method comprises soil preparation before sowing, seed treatment before sowing, sowing process, management, harvesting and storage in the seedling stage after sowing. The method can be applied to the artificial introduction and domestication field cultivation of the endangered Mongolian medicine. The invention protects the species of local medicinal plants by introducing and domesticating the medicinal plants; the quality and the yield of the Mongolian medicine, namely the pseudogentiana acutangula, are ensured by introducing and domesticating the Mongolian medicine, namely the pseudogentiana acutangula; meanwhile, the method has an important function for protecting the endangered medicinal plants through introduction and domestication of the medicinal plants, and provides an important reference value for introduction and domestication of other precious endangered medicinal plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to an introduction domestication cultivation method and application of gentianella acuta.
Background
The unique natural environment of the inner Mongolia plateau breeds various special Mongolia medicinal materials, has suitable special natural environment conditions, forms unique physiological-ecological characteristics of a plurality of plateaus, and has unique medicinal properties and medicinal effects. The Mongolian medicine has a unique theoretical system and a unique medicine processing method, and is deeply popular with Mongolian people and all nationalities in Mongolian medicine distribution areas due to the characteristics of extremely small dosage, definite curative effect and extremely low price.
Gentiana acuta (Gentianella acuta) is a species of Gentiana genus of Gentianaceae family. Gentiana scabra bunge (northeast plant search table). Mongolian medicine name, Architede-its case. The whole herb has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials and benefiting gallbladder. The part used as the medicine is that the whole herb is used as the Mongolian medicine. The main indications are jaundice, headache, fever, dry mouth, immature heat and gallbladder heat. [ Mongolian medicine ] Agute-its lattice-whole grass treats jaundice, headache, fever, dry mouth, immature fever, and gallbladder heat, Mongolian medicine. The Aigu-its formula mainly treats icterohepatitis, cholecystitis, angina pectoris, fever and traumatic infection.
But the characteristic Mongolian medicine is endangered due to ecological deterioration in recent decades. The development of Mongolian medicines must be established on the basis of the sustainable utilization and protection of medicinal plants. The introduction and cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials has been in history for thousands of years, and the introduction and domestication of Mongolian medicinal materials just begins, and needs to be further searched and perfected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method and application of gentianella acuta, and aims to solve the problem that the gentianella acuta which is a characteristic Mongolian medicine material is extremely endangered and even has no medicine available for Mongolian medicine due to poor ecology and non-controlled digging.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, the cultivation method of the gentianella acuta comprises soil conditioning and seed treatment before sowing, fine sowing, field management in the seedling stage and real-time harvesting.
Further, the soil selection, soil disinfection and irrigation facility configuration necessary before sowing; the soil is selected from newly reclaimed sandy soil, abandoned sandy soil for multiple years or sandy soil which has been left for 1-2 years at an altitude of more than 1400 m; the soil is disinfected by spraying 3-5% ferric sulfite solution for 1 time/week for 2 weeks; the irrigation facility means that bottom water must be sprayed on a seedbed before sowing, and drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation facilities are adopted for irrigation.
Further, the treatment of the seeds before sowing comprises real-time harvesting, storage and pregermination of the seeds; the harvesting of the seeds comprises harvesting when the color of the pod bunch is dark purple after the flowers of the plants are closed; drying in the shade for 10 days, and storing the seeds in a cloth bag at low temperature; the pregermination comprises the following steps of 1: mixing at a ratio of 100(V/V), adding snow, and freezing at a temperature below 0 deg.C in shade for 2 months; storing at 4-7 deg.C above 0 deg.C until sowing, taking out the seeds, mixing with sand, preserving moisture at 20-30 deg.C for 2-3 days, and sowing in time.
Further, the sowing refers to a proper sowing period, and the seeds (containing sand) after germination accelerating are mixed with fine sand again, wherein the total ratio is 1: (3000-10000) (V/V) to obtain the sowing seeds (containing sand); when sowing, performing row-spacing 25 CM row-by-row drill sowing (sowing can be performed) on a prepared seedbed (high ridge, seedbed width of 130CM, length is unlimited), covering fine sand after sowing, and keeping the seedbed wet all the time by watering after sowing, wherein the thickness of the fine sand is 2-3 mm; about 25 days or so, the seedlings come out of the soil; the seed quantity is 300-500 g/mu.
Further, the sowing time of the sowing is suitable for 4 middle and last days of each year.
Further, the management of the seedlings after sowing comprises weeding in time after sowing, weeding 4-5 times per year, spraying Bordeaux mixture after seedling emergence for one week, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times once per week; keeping the soil in the seedling stage moist, pouring sealing water after the seedling stage enters the winter, and naturally overwintering; turning green in the early spring of the next year, growing with stem growing height in 5 months, and paying attention to the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons.
Furthermore, the method for preventing and treating the diseases means that the stem of the seedling is high in growth in the next year, the diseases are suitable to occur in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons in 6-8 months, the sterilizing agents with different functions are used at intervals, and the sterilizing agents are sprayed once a week for about 2-8 weeks.
Further, the harvesting is carried out in late flowering stage of gentianella acuta, and the gentianella acuta is dried in the shade, bundled and bagged for storage.
According to another aspect of the invention, the cultivation method of the gentianella acuta can be applied to cultivation of endangered Mongolian medicine artificial introduction and domestication.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the method, the local rare endangered medicinal plant species are protected through introduction and domestication of the medicinal plants; the method ensures the requirements of Mongolian medicine on the quality and the dosage of the special Mongolian medicine, namely the pseudogentiana acutangula by introducing and domesticating the Mongolian medicine, namely the pseudogentiana acutangula; meanwhile, the method has an important function for protecting the species of the endangered medicinal plants through introduction and domestication of the medicinal plants, and provides an important reference value for introduction and domestication of other precious endangered medicinal plants.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 cultivation method of Gentiana acuta
Selecting and tidying soil before sowing: selecting newly reclaimed sandy soil with an altitude of more than 1400 meters as planting suitable soil, spraying 3-5% ferric sulfite solution on the seedbed for sterilization and disinfection for 1 time/week and 2 weeks continuously, configuring irrigation facilities on the seedbed of the planting soil before sowing after the seedbed is arranged, and digging bottom water one day before planting.
Seed production and germination acceleration: after the flowers of the plants are closed, the plants are harvested and dried in the shade when the color of the pod bunch is dark purple, and the harvested seeds are stored in a cloth bag and stored in a low-temperature cellar. Seeds and fine sand are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 100V/V, adding snow, uniformly mixing (the amount of snow does not have excessive requirement, and the seeds mixed with sand are ensured to be wet), freezing the seeds mixed with sand and snow at a shade below 0 ℃ for 2 months, and then transferring into a low-temperature storage pit at 4-7 ℃ until the seeds are sown.
Sowing: taking out the cellar stored seeds and doping sand again in the middle and last ten days of 4 months each year, wherein the total ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: mixing and stirring again at the ratio of 3000 plus 10000(V/V), preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 2-3 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, drilling the accelerated germination seeds on a seedbed with bottom water according to the row spacing of 25 cm, covering sand after seeding, and watering and preserving moisture in time; micro-spraying and drip irrigation are preferably adopted, the seedbed is kept moist after sowing, and seedlings are grown in about 25 days.
And (3) management of seedling stage: after seedling emergence, weeding is carried out in time, the weeds are pulled out when appearing, the weeds cannot be cut, the weeds are pulled out 4-5 times per year, the emergence rate of the gentianella acuta is high, but the preservation rate is extremely low, so that the bordeaux mixture is sprayed for 2-3 times once a week after seedling emergence; keeping the soil in the seedling stage moist, pouring sealing water after the seedling stage enters the winter, and naturally overwintering; in the next year, the plants are green in early spring, stem shoots grow high in 5 months, and diseases are prevented by paying attention to high-temperature and high-humidity seasons, the method for preventing and controlling the diseases is that the bactericides for preventing and controlling fungi and germs are used at intervals, the diseases are not sprayed once every week and are continuously sprayed for 2 weeks, and the diseases are about 6 weeks.
Harvesting: and (5) when the gentianella acuta reaches the late flowering phase, harvesting, drying in the shade, bundling, bagging and storing to obtain the medicinal material of the gentianella acuta.
Example 2 cultivation method of Gentiana acuta
Soil preparation before sowing: selecting abandoned sandy soil land with the altitude of more than 1400 meters for many years as planting soil; ploughing for many times, cleaning weed and stone, spraying 3-5% ferric sulfite solution on the seedbed for sterilization and disinfection for 1 time/week and 2 weeks continuously, and digging bottom water before sowing after the seedbed is arranged.
Seed production and germination acceleration: harvesting when the color of the pod bunch is dark purple after the plant flowers are closed; after drying in the shade for 10 days, the seeds were mixed with sand at a ratio of 1: 100(V/V), adding snow, uniformly mixing (the amount of the snow does not have excessive requirements, and the seeds mixed with the sand are guaranteed to be wet), freezing the seeds mixed with the sand and the snow at a shade place below 0 ℃ for 2 months, and then transferring the seeds into a low-temperature storage cellar; taking out the cellar seeds before sowing, adding fine sand again, uniformly stirring the seeds and the sand in a total ratio of 1:6000, and placing the mixture at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for moisturizing and accelerating germination for 2-3 days.
Sowing: sowing in the middle and last ten days of 4 months every year, uniformly sowing the germination accelerating seeds on a seedbed according to a plan, covering the surfaces of the seeds with straw mats without covering sand after sowing, and regularly watering for moisturizing; emergence was about one week late, but less pre-weeds, compared to full light. The seed quantity is 400 g/mu
Management of seedling stage after sowing: after seedling emergence, uncovering in time in cloudy days, and pulling out the grass when the grass is seen, wherein the grass is pulled out 2-3 times every year, and in order to improve the preservation rate, the boldo liquid is sprayed after seedling emergence for one week, and the boldo liquid is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times every week; keeping the soil in the seedling stage moist, pouring sealing water after the seedling stage enters the winter, and naturally overwintering; in the next year, the tea leaves turn green in early spring, stem is taken out and grows high in 5 months, the pest and disease damage is prevented by paying attention to high-temperature and high-humidity seasons, the method for preventing and treating the pest and disease damage is that the bactericide for preventing and treating fungi and germs is used at intervals, the disease damage does not occur, the bactericide is sprayed once every week for 2 weeks, and the time is about 6 weeks.
Harvesting: and (3) collecting the gentianella acuta at the late flowering phase, drying in the shade, bundling, bagging and storing to obtain the medicinal material of the gentianella acuta.
Example 3 cultivation method of Gentiana acuta
Treatment of soil before sowing: selecting a field which is above 1400 meters above the altitude and is idle for 1-2 years as planting soil (sandy loam), spraying 3-5% ferric sulfite solution on the field for sterilization and disinfection for 1 time/week for 2 weeks continuously, and after the seedbed is arranged, digging bottom water on the seedbed before sowing.
Seed production: harvesting when the color of the pod bunch is dark purple after the plant flowers are closed; and after drying in the shade for 10 days, placing the collected seeds in a cloth bag for low-temperature storage.
Accelerating germination and sowing: 1 day before sowing, soaking seeds in gibberellin water with 5/10000 concentration for 4 hours at normal temperature, adding sand into the seeds according to the proportion of 1: 10000(V/V) for mixing and stirring, preserving moisture and accelerating germination for 2 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, sowing seeds on a well-organized seedbed, drilling according to the row spacing of 25 cm, also broadcasting seeds according to the planned sowing area/seed amount, covering sand with the thickness of 2-3 mm, and watering and preserving moisture after sowing; keeping the seedbed moist, and growing seedlings after 20 days. Seed quantity is 500 g/mu
Seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, weeding is carried out in time, the weeds can be pulled out when the weeds are seen, the weeds cannot be cut, the weeds can be pulled out 4-5 times per year, the emergence rate is high, but the preservation rate is low, so that the Bordeaux mixture is required to be sprayed for 2-3 times once a week after 1 week of seedling emergence; keeping the soil in the seedling stage moist, pouring sealing water after the seedling stage enters the winter, and naturally overwintering; in the next year, turning green in early spring, growing in 5 months, paying attention to disease prevention in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons, preventing and controlling diseases by using fungi and pathogenic bacteria at intervals, and spraying once a week for 2 weeks, wherein the disease does not occur for about 6 weeks.
Harvesting: and (5) when the gentianella acuta reaches the late flowering phase, harvesting, drying in the shade, bundling, bagging and storing to obtain the gentianella acuta traditional Chinese medicine.
Comparative example
The gentianella acuta which is not cultivated by the method has extremely low planting success rate, does not adopt disease control, has the acre yield of about 6kg,
compared with the test result, the average yield per mu of the embodiment 1-3 adopting the method can reach 40 kg.
Therefore, the gentianella acuta medicinal material cultivated by the method not only ensures successful planting, but also greatly improves the quality and the yield.
The method is not only suitable for the artificial introduction and domestication cultivation of the gentianella acuta traditional Chinese medicine, but also can make an important contribution to the medicinal species protection by applying the method to the introduction and domestication of other gentianella acuta special color endangered traditional Chinese medicine materials such as costal flower, gentiana straminea and the like.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for introducing and domesticating gentianella acuta is characterized by comprising the steps of soil preparation before sowing, seed treatment before sowing, sowing process, growth period management including pest control and harvesting.
2. The introduction domestication cultivation method of gentianella acuta according to claim 1, wherein the soil preparation before sowing comprises selection of soil, disinfection of soil, and configuration of a planting soil bed irrigation facility; the soil is planting land soil with an altitude of more than 1400 meters and suitable for newly reclaimed land, abandoned land for many years or sandy soil land which is leisure in advance for 1-2 years; the soil is disinfected by continuously spraying 3-5% ferric sulfite solution for 2 weeks for 1 time/week; the soil irrigation facility refers to drip irrigation or micro-spraying facilities prepared before sowing.
3. The introduction domestication cultivation method of gentianella acuta according to claim 1, wherein the treatment of the seeds before sowing comprises real-time harvesting, storage and pregermination of the seeds; the seed treatment comprises the steps of harvesting when the color of the pod bunch is dark purple after the flowers of the plants are closed; after drying in the shade for 10 days, putting the harvested seeds into a cloth bag, and storing the seeds in a low-temperature storage pit; 1-2 months, the seeds and fine sand are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 100(V/V), adding snow, uniformly mixing, freezing the seeds mixed with sand and snow in a shade place at a temperature below zero for 2 months, storing the seeds in a storage cellar at a low temperature of 2-7 ℃, taking out the seeds 3 days before sowing, mixing the seeds with sand again, preserving moisture at a temperature of 20-30 ℃, accelerating germination for 2-3 days, and then sowing.
4. The introduction and domestication cultivation method of gentianella acuta according to claim 1, wherein the sowing is a suitable sowing period, the seeds after germination are mixed with sand again before sowing, and the total ratio of the seeds to the sand is 1: (3000 + 10000) (V/V), uniformly mixing and stirring, drilling on the well-arranged seedbed in time according to the row spacing of 25 cm, covering sand after seeding, wherein the thickness is 2-3 mm, and watering and moisturizing in time; seedling emergence is carried out for 20-30 days; the seedbed is kept wet from sowing to the freezing period of the current year.
5. The introduction and domestication cultivation method of gentianella acuta according to claim 4, wherein the suitable sowing period for sowing is 4 middle and last months of each year.
6. The introduction and domestication method of gentianella acuta according to claim 1, wherein the management of the seedlings after sowing comprises removing weeds in time after sowing, weeding 4 to 5 times a year, spraying bordeaux solution after one week of emergence, spraying 2 to 3 times continuously once a week; keeping the soil in the seedling stage moist before sealing and freezing, pouring sealing water after the seedling stage is in winter, and naturally overwintering; turning green in the early spring of the next year, and growing stem in 5 months with attention paid to prevention of plant diseases and insect pests.
7. The introduction and domestication method of gentianella acuta according to claim 6, wherein the disease and pest control method is to control diseases which are liable to occur in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons in the high growth period in the second year, and the control method comprises the steps of using fungicides of fungi and germs at intervals, spraying once a week without disease control for 2 times; disease had occurred, with a treatment period of 2-8 weeks.
8. The introduction and domestication cultivation method of gentianella acuta according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting is performed in late flowering stage of gentianella acuta, and the gentianella acuta is dried in the shade, bundled in bales, bagged and stored.
9. An introduction domestication cultivation method of gentiana acuta as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is applicable to cultivation of artificial introduction domestication of gentianaceae, which is an endangered mongolian medicine.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118614351A (en) * | 2024-08-13 | 2024-09-10 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Cultivation method of gentiana straminea |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783350A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2012-11-21 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Seedling culture method capable of improving emergence rate of gentiana crassicaulis |
| CN104770299A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-15 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Method for sterilely germinating gentianella acuta seeds |
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| CN118614351A (en) * | 2024-08-13 | 2024-09-10 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Cultivation method of gentiana straminea |
| CN118614351B (en) * | 2024-08-13 | 2024-10-18 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Cultivation method of gentiana straminea |
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