CN114097520A - Method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural methods, and particularly discloses a method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply, which comprises the steps of applying a base fertilizer in early autumn, wherein the base fertilizer is 15-15-15 compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer or compound microbial organic fertilizer + trace elements, watering germination water when buds begin to germinate, applying root promoting substances along with water during watering, and promoting tip growth management after apples wither flowers. The invention realizes the stable yield increase of the apples by applying base fertilizer, watering germination water and root promoting substances, and tip promoting management and tip controlling management in early autumn.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural methods, in particular to a method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply.
Background
At present, the apple industry in China is in a developed crossroad, the area is too large, the total output is excessive, and the price is low. The yield per mu is low, the year and year are serious, the management process is complicated and tedious, the labor amount is large, the unit benefit is low, and the production enthusiasm of farmers is frustrated. In addition, the worker is seriously aged, and the shadow is further covered for the apple industry. By means of technical innovation, the yield per mu is improved, the years of growth and reduction are overcome, high and stable yield is realized, and labor cost reduction becomes a necessary way for improving the benefit of apples.
It is well known that apples bear fruits mainly by medium and short branches, leaf branches and fruit table secondary tips. The most important is to make the tree body send out strong medium and short branches, leaf cluster branches and fruit table secondary tips to the maximum extent if the fruits are more and the years are not large. Through years of research, the inventor discovers that the main reason for causing the small number of medium and short branches and leaf clump branches and the unstable secondary tip of the fruit stand is that the tree vigor is unstable (vigorous, deficient and vigorous or weak), which directly causes the unstable annual branches of the fruit tree (vigorous, deficient and vigorous, weak and weak branches), thereby causing the low germination rate of the biennial branches and more light-legged branches. The formed medium, short branches and leaf cluster branches are few, the secondary tip of a fruit table is unstable, the main branches and the side branches, the bearing branches and the bearing mother branches can not be opened compared with the branches and the stems of the bearing mother branches, the flowering is difficult, the bearing period of the branches is delayed, the yield is low, the tree crown expansion speed is too fast, the tree body is easy to block, the illumination is poor, and a vicious circle is formed.
On the contrary, the apple trees with high and stable yield have steady tree vigor, sufficient spirit and good leaf quality (big and thick leaves, dark green leaves and shining oil). Annual branches are strong, most annual branches do not grow into autumn shoots or are short in autumn shoots, spring shoots are thick and strong, the lignification degree is high, and axillary buds are full. The biennial branch has high germination rate, more medium, short and leaf clusters, stable secondary tip of the fruit stand, easy flower formation, stable fruit bearing of the three-year branch and strong continuous fruit bearing capability of the tree body.
It can be said with certainty that: the method has the advantages of stable tree vigor, high-quality spring shoots and full axillary buds, and has profound significance for overcoming the big and small years of fruit trees and realizing high and stable yield. The traditional technology mainly prompts the tree body to forcibly send out medium and short branches by means of human intervention. The strong branches are promoted to medium and short branches mainly by means of bud carving, branch pulling, girdling and the like. The twigs are mainly used for promoting sprouting and promoting growth of medium and short twigs by twisting tips, stripping in a path and girdling manner and removing tops. The vertical branches are promoted to be medium and short branches by means of strong branch pulling, kneading, stroking and the like. In recent years, plastic bag strong drop branches filled with soil are hung on more branches of fruit growers full of trees, just like lantern branches are hung on trees full of lanterns.
However, the traditional technology is labor-consuming and time-consuming and has poor effect. The method breaks the channel of nutrition transportation, and has the disadvantages of no flower formation, reluctant flower formation, poor fruit quality caused by poor flower bud quality, weakened branch as soon as fruit is produced, no secondary tip of the fruit stand can be pulled out, and no continuous fruit-bearing capability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees by nutrition supply, the smooth leg branches are reduced through series of operations, the germination rate is improved, and the formation of high-quality medium and short branches, leaf cluster branches and fruit table secondary tips is the key for overcoming the big and small years of apples. The core technology is to culture stable tree vigor, high-quality spring shoots and full axillary buds.
The invention provides a method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees by nutrition supply, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, applying base fertilizer in early autumn: digging 4 radiation ditches around each fruit tree in 9 months, and scattering 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and trace elements into the radiation ditches;
applying 15-15-15 kg of compound fertilizer 95-105kg, 400 kg of organic fertilizer and 500kg of trace elements (Ca and Mg are more than or equal to 10 percent) 4-6kg per mu;
s2, in spring of the next year, when the bud starts to sprout, watering with sprouting water, and applying root promoting substances along with water during watering, wherein the root promoting substances are alginic acid and duole;
s3, after the flowers of the fruit tree are withered, tip promoting management: after 9-11 days of flower withering, ditching the ground surface, topdressing 45-55kg of 21-6-13 compound fertilizer per mu, and immediately watering after topdressing;
s4, tip control management: spraying a calcium-phosphorus-zinc 800-time solution and a stabilizator 400-time solution for three times 10 days after the flowers are withered and before the young shoots are capped, wherein the spraying concentration of the calcium-phosphorus-zinc is that the Ca 19% and the P2O522 percent and Zn11 percent, and the beta-rabbitine is N-HIB-NH2-Ca/Mg。
Further, in S1, the specific process of applying the base fertilizer in early autumn is: 4 radial ditches are dug around each fruit tree, each radial ditch is 80cm-100cm away from the trunk of the fruit tree, each radial ditch is 40cm in width, 20cm in depth and 100cm-150cm in length, every two adjacent radial ditches are in a cross state, and the included angle is 90 degrees. After the radiation ditch is dug, fertilizer is scattered into the radiation ditch, a shovel is used for turning down for 20cm, soil and the fertilizer are uniformly stirred, the fertilizer is applied to a soil layer with the depth of 20cm-40cm, when the radiation ditch is dug, tree roots with the diameter larger than 2cm are touched, the fertilizer needs to be avoided, and when the tree roots with the diameter smaller than 2cm are touched, the shovel is used for directly cutting off the roots.
Further, in S1, the organic fertilizer is a compound microbial organic fertilizer.
Further, in S2, the water capacity of the soil reaches 100% when the water is sprouted to 60cm deep.
Furthermore, in S2, Zn + B in the root-bark of Polygala is more than or equal to 100 g/L.
Further, in S2, the application rate of the root-promoting substance is: alginic acid 4-5kg + Touduole 200-.
Further, in S3, the nitrogen in the compound fertilizer consists of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.
Further, the mass ratio of the nitrate nitrogen to the ammonium nitrogen is as follows: NO3 -：NH4 +＝10:11。
Further, in S4, the application amount of the calcium, phosphorus and zinc is 250g per mu, and the application amount of the scion 400 per mu is 500 mL.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can effectively improve the yield of the apples, the annual yield increase range of different orchards is 1500kg-5000kg, the yield increase effect is obvious, and the yield is stable.
2. According to the invention, the nutrition is stored by applying the base fertilizer in autumn, so that a tree body can be promoted to generate a large number of capillary roots when the buds begin to sprout in the spring of the next year, and the capillary roots improve the activity of buds by regulating the balance of endogenous hormones in the tree body, so that the sprouting rate of branches can be greatly improved. Promoting the growth of more medium and short branches, leaf cluster branches and fruit table secondary tips.
3. The invention can promote the root system of the apple tree to emit more hairy roots under low temperature and adverse circumstances through the actions of alginic acid biostimulant and root polysaccharide (Zn + B is more than or equal to 100g/l), thereby regulating the balance of auxin and cytokinin in the tree, enhancing the vitality of buds and leading more buds to germinate. The number of medium and short branches, leaf cluster branches and fruit table secondary tips is increased.
4、NO3 -Good quick-acting property, NH4 +Good persistence of action, NO3 -And NH4 +The fruit tree preservative has quick action and a certain lasting period, and the fruit tree preservative and the preservative are matched according to a certain proportion, so that the rapid growth of fruits, leaves, spring tips, short branches, leaf branches and fruit table auxiliary tips can be promoted, the rapid consumption can be completed in a certain period, the spring tips, the middle and short fruit branches, the leaf branches and the fruit table auxiliary tips can be rapidly stopped growing, and NO is added3 -：NH4The optimal binding ratio is 10:11, which is the optimal ratio for the nitrogen fertilizer combination at this stage.
5. Stabilidin (N-HIB-NH) for use in the present invention2Ca/Mg) forms a novel cell division-like substance, regulates the relative proportion of overground auxin and cytokinin, slows down apical dominance, but promotes normal growth of leaves, improves photosynthetic efficiency, can shorten internodes of branches and promote transverse growth of the branches;
ca 19%, P22% and Zn 11%, the phosphorus and calcium supplement can improve the hardness of the fruit, promote the prophase division of the fruit, promote the lignification of branches, and can increase the fruit by combining with the zinc, thereby preventing and treating the lobular disease of the fruit tree caused by the zinc deficiency, and improving the quality of leaves and the photosynthetic efficiency.
6. The invention finds out the defects of the traditional management, finds out the root cause of the problems, creatively finds out the fundamental method for solving the problems through scientific nutrition supply according to the physiological research progress of the fruit trees, saves labor, time and has high efficiency, finds out the visual inspection and hand feeling indexes for measuring the health of the tree management, can make the fruit trees develop towards the direction of healthy growth by slightly finely adjusting the tree scheme according to the indexes which are simply observed, and has outstanding effect and strong practicability and operability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of increasing the number of hairy roots by applying a base fertilizer in autumn and a rooting-promoting substance in water for the next year of germination;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of increasing the sprouting rate of trees, medium short shoots and leaf clusters after increasing the number of capillary roots.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer applied in early autumn
Time: 9 months;
the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: 4 radiation ditches are dug around each fruit tree, 1 radiation ditch is dug at the position, 80cm-100cm away from the trunk of each tree, of the periphery of the fruit tree, each radiation ditch is 40cm in width, 20cm in depth and 100cm-150cm in length, every two adjacent radiation ditches are in a cross state, and the included angle is 90 degrees. After the radiation ditch is dug, fertilizer is scattered into the radiation ditch, a shovel is used for turning down for 20cm, soil and the fertilizer are uniformly stirred, and the fertilizer is applied to a soil layer with the depth of 20cm-40 cm. When the radiation ditch is dug and tree roots with the diameter larger than 2cm are touched, the roots are avoided, and when the tree roots with the diameter smaller than 2cm are touched, the roots are directly cut off by using a shovel.
Applying a fertilizer: the dosage of each mu is 15-15-15 kg of compound fertilizer, 500kg of compound microbial fertilizer plus 5kg of trace elements (Ca plus Mg is more than or equal to 10 percent). The fertilizers were uniformly spread in each radiation trench.
The base fertilizer is applied in autumn:
the traditional base fertilizer applied in autumn has the functions that: the soil temperature is high and the humidity is high in 9 months, so that the fertilizer is easily absorbed and utilized by root systems; secondly, the root system is favorable for renewal and rejuvenation, and the nutrient absorption and synthesis functions of the root system are improved; improving the nutrition storage level of the tree body, and laying a foundation for flowering and fruit setting in the next year; fourthly, the axillary buds of the tree are full and plump, and the flower buds are well developed.
Besides the above functions, the fertilizer of the present invention also has the following functions: the stored nutrition can promote the tree body to generate a large number of capillary roots when the buds begin to sprout in the spring of the next year, and the capillary roots improve the activity of buds by regulating the balance of endogenous hormones in the tree body, so that the sprouting rate of branches can be greatly improved. Promoting the growth of more medium and short branches, leaf cluster branches and fruit table secondary tips.
(2) In spring of the next year, when the bud starts to sprout, the water holding capacity of the soil reaches 100% when the bud is watered to a depth of 60cm, and the root promoting substances are applied along with water per mu when watering: alginic acid 5kg + Genipole (Zn + B is more than or equal to 100g/l)300 ml.
The function is as follows: in spring, when the tree starts to sprout, the apple tree root system can be promoted to emit more hairy roots under low temperature and adverse environment through the actions of alginic acid biostimulant and root duole (Zn + B is more than or equal to 100g/l), so that the balance of auxin and cytokinin in the tree is regulated, the vitality of buds is enhanced, and more buds germinate. The number of medium and short branches, leaf cluster branches and fruit table secondary tips are increased (as shown in figure 1 and figure 2).
(3) The apple withers flowers, and tip management is promoted.
After 10 days of flower withering, digging 6-10cm shallow ditches on the ground surface to toprate 50kg of 21-6-13 compound fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen in the toped compound fertilizer must be nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, the compound fertilizer cannot contain amide nitrogen, and the mass ratio of the nitrate nitrogen to the ammonium nitrogen is NO3 -：NH4 +10:11, immediately watering after topdressing (the water consumption per mu is 40 tons).
After the apple is withered, the nutrients stored in the tree body are consumed. At this time, the leaves turn green and grow rapidly, the shoots germinating from the buds also grow rapidly, and the fruits enter a rapid cell division period, so that a large amount of nutrients and moisture are needed. At the moment, watering and fertilizing can promote the rapid division of fruit cells, the rapid growth of young shoots and the rapid turning green and enlargement of new leaves. At the moment, sufficient rich water lays a good foundation for forming high-quality spring shoots, healthy leaves, stable medium and short branches, leaf branches, fruit table secondary shoots and big fruits.
NO3 -Good quick-acting property, NH4 +The persistent effect is good. NO3 -And NH4 +Has quick action and a certain lasting period. The two are matched according to a certain proportion, can promote the rapid growth of fruits, leaves, spring tips, short branches, leaf branches and fruit platform secondary tips, and can rapidly finish the consumption in a certain period to rapidly stop the growth of the spring tips, the middle and short fruit branches, the leaf branches and the fruit platform secondary tips. NO3 -：NH4The optimal binding ratio is 10:11, which is the perfect ratio of nitrogen fertilizer combinations at this stage.
(4) Tip control management: beating 3 times of calcium, phosphorus and zinc (the concentration is Ca 19%, P) before capping new shoots from 10 days after the flower withering to 5 days after the month2O522 percent and Zn11 percent) and 800 times of solution plus the steady branchine (N-HIB-NH)2Ca/Mg)400 times liquid. The amount of calcium, phosphorus and zinc sprayed each time is 250 g/mu, and the application amount of the branch stabilizer is 500 ml/mu.
(ii) Stereotide (N-HIB-NH)2Ca/Mg) forms a novel cell division-like substance, regulates the relative proportion of overground auxin and cytokinin, slows apical dominance, but promotes normal leaf growth and photosynthetic efficiency. Can shorten the internode of the branch and promote the lateral growth of the branch.
Ca 19%, P22% and Zn 11%, the phosphorus and calcium supplement can improve the hardness of the fruit, promote the prophase division of the fruit, promote the lignification of the branch, and can increase the fruit by combining with the zinc, prevent and treat the lobular disease of the fruit tree caused by the zinc deficiency, and improve the quality of the leaf and the photosynthetic efficiency.
The method is implemented by selecting three places, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the method is implemented in a 6 mu orchard managed by Taogongyu countryside Wangcurebitreu in Hozhou, and before the method is used, the tree vigor is unstable, the big and small years are serious, the annual output per mu is about 2500kg, and the annual output per mu is about 1000 kg. The method has the advantages of stable yield of about 4000kg for 5 years, no big or small years and remarkable economic benefit.
The base fertilizer is applied to the orchard 2014 in autumn, the whole course 2015 is fertilized according to the patent, and the orchard is slightly frozen in 2018. The yields are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of the method of the invention on the above-mentioned 6 acres of orchard yield
| Year of year | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| Mu yield (kg) | 1500 | 2100 | 1410 | 1600 | 2615 | 3600 | 3050 | 4109 | 4400 | 4500 |
2. Before the method is used, the tree vigor is unstable, the rot is serious, the annual output is about 1500kg, the annual output is about 500kg, and the trees are wanted to be destroyed once in a year before the method is used in an apple orchard with the age of more than thirty years, wherein the orchard manages 3 mu of land in China, countryside, China and China. After the method is used for 5 years, the average yield per mu is more than 3000kg per year, the fruit quality is first grade, and the tree becomes a famous money swinging tree.
The orchard starts topdressing base fertilizer in 2014, and uses the patent topdressing in 2015 in the whole course. The yields are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of the method of the present invention on the yield of apples in 3 acres of land as described above
| Year of year | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| Mu yield (kg) | 1100 | 1910 | 1490 | 2105 | 2550 | 2840 | 3050 | 3100 | 3400 | 3800 |
3. The method is implemented in a 3.2 mu apple orchard built in a Zhangjian army orchard in county and county, the tree age is 13 years, the variety is not good in the last few years, the head is changed twice in a high mode, the root system is large, the tree body grows up and down unevenly after the head is changed, the tree vigor is extremely weak and vigorous, the flower formation is difficult, sporadic apples exist in 2018, the method is adopted in the autumn of 2018, 2 thousands of apples are bagged in 2019, and 4000kg of commercial fruits are sold. In 2020, the fruit is slightly frozen and covered by 3.2 ten thousand bags, and 7000kg of commercial fruit is produced. In 2021, 4.5 ten thousand bags are sleeved, and 12000kg of commercial fruits are obtained. And the tree vigor is stable, the flower buds are full, and the high-yield stable-production period is formally entered.
The effect after spraying the medicine is as follows: the spring tips are short and robust; high lignification degree of branches; thirdly, the color of the branch is thick red, and axillary buds are plump; fourthly, the leaves are dark green, thick, big and bright; the nutrients are well accumulated, and the autumn tips are few.
In conclusion, the invention increases the nutrition stored in the tree body by applying the base fertilizer in autumn, and is beneficial to generating a large amount of capillary roots in the next year. Alginic acid biological stimulin and Gendole (Zn + B is more than or equal to 100g/l) are applied in a flushing mode in spring when sprouting, a root system is promoted to emit a large number of capillary roots in a adverse environment, so that the sprouting activity is improved, the sprouting rate is greatly improved, more short branches, leaf clump branches and fruit table secondary tips are formed, and bare-legged branches are reduced.
Topdressing, watering and tip promoting technology on ground about 10 days after flower withering, and spraying calcium, phosphorus and zinc and branch stabilizer (N-HIB-NH) on leaf surfaces2-Ca/Mg) tip control technology, and combines promotion and control, so that the spring tips of the current year are thick and strong, the internodes are short, the lignification degree is high, the autumn tips are few, the axillary buds are full, the growth of short branches, leaf branches and fruit table secondary tips is stopped early, and the flowers are easy to grow.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees by nutrition supply is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, applying base fertilizer in early autumn: digging 4 radiation ditches around each fruit tree in 9 months, and scattering 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and trace elements into the radiation ditches;
applying 95-105kg of 15-15 compound fertilizer, 500kg of organic fertilizer 400 and 4-6kg of trace elements to each mu;
ca and Mg in the trace elements are more than or equal to 10 percent;
s2, in spring of the next year, when the bud starts to sprout, watering with sprouting water, and applying root promoting substances with water during watering, wherein the root promoting substances are alginic acid and duole;
s3, after the flowers of the fruit tree are withered, tip promoting management: after 9-11 days of flower withering, ditching the ground surface, topdressing 45-55kg of 21-6-13 compound fertilizer per mu, and immediately watering after topdressing;
s4, tip control management: spraying 800-time calcium-phosphorus-zinc liquid and 400-time tiagabine liquid for three times 10 days after the flowers are withered and before the young shoots are capped, wherein the spraying concentration of the calcium-phosphorus-zinc is Ca 19% and P2O522 percent and Zn11 percent, and the steady branchial is N-HIB-NH2-Ca/Mg。
2. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees by nutrition supply as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the specific process of applying the base fertilizer in early autumn is as follows: digging 4 radiation ditches around each fruit tree, wherein each radiation ditch is 80-100 cm away from the trunk of each tree, the width of each radiation ditch is 40cm, the depth of each radiation ditch is 20cm, and the length of each radiation ditch is 100-150 cm, after the radiation ditches are dug, fertilizer is scattered into the radiation ditches, a shovel is used for turning down for 20cm, soil and the fertilizer are uniformly stirred, the fertilizer is applied into a soil layer with the depth of 20-40 cm, when the radiation ditches are dug, tree roots with the diameter larger than 2cm are encountered, the fertilizer is avoided, and when the tree roots with the diameter smaller than 2cm are encountered, the shovel is used for directly breaking the roots.
3. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply as claimed in claim 2, wherein in S1, the organic fertilizer is a compound microbial organic fertilizer.
4. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply of claim 1, wherein in S2, the water capacity of the sprouted water reaches 100% when the soil is 60cm deep.
5. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, Zn + B in the root duole is more than or equal to 100 g/L.
6. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees by nutrient supply of claim 5, wherein in S2, the application rate of the root-promoting substance is as follows: alginic acid 4-5kg, Touduole 200-.
7. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the nitrogen in the compound fertilizer consists of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.
8. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees through nutrition supply as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrate nitrogen to the ammonium nitrogen is as follows: NO3 -：NH4 +＝10:11。
9. The method for promoting high and stable yield of fruit trees by nutrient supply of claim 1, wherein in S4, the application amount of the calcium, the phosphorus and the zinc is 250g per 800 times of liquid acre, and the application amount of the scion is 500mL per 400 times of liquid acre.
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