CN107820975A - A kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology - Google Patents
A kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN107820975A CN107820975A CN201711146915.3A CN201711146915A CN107820975A CN 107820975 A CN107820975 A CN 107820975A CN 201711146915 A CN201711146915 A CN 201711146915A CN 107820975 A CN107820975 A CN 107820975A
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- OIPMQULDKWSNGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[[ethoxy(oxo)phosphaniumyl]oxy]alumanyloxy-ethoxy-oxophosphanium Chemical compound [Al+3].CCO[P+]([O-])=O.CCO[P+]([O-])=O.CCO[P+]([O-])=O OIPMQULDKWSNGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
-
- A01G13/0275—
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology, comprise the following steps：S1, field planting and laying weeding film, S2, set up micro-sprinkler irrigation system, S3, the preventing and treating for carrying out pest and disease damage, S4, the rational application of fertilizer, S5, appropriate field management.The present invention effectively raises the survival rate of longan fruit seedling and the yield of longan by laying weeding film and setting up micro-sprinkler irrigation system, the planting technology of the present invention can effective insect-pest simultaneously, promoting root growth is kept a full stand of seedings, tree-longan blade is beautiful, the longan overall quality of harvest is excellent, yield is high, is adapted to agricultural extension.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to application field, is specifically related to a kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology.
Background technology
Longan is one of China's tropical fruit (tree) kind, with its pulp have anti-oxidant, antianxiety, anticancer, lipid-loweringing shield heart and
It is antibacterial to wait effect, and arillus longan to be processed into instant edible longan cream, appetizing fruit juice and there is certain effect
Health liquor, and progressively turn into and developed from single eaten as fruit in terms of health food intensive processing, the prospect of marketing ten
Divide wide.Current traditional Longan Cultivation administrative skill, has been not suitable with the development of market economy and longan industry, while many dragons
Eye garden causes YEAST IN LONGAN PRODUCTION economic benefit to decline because labour wage increase, agriculture chemical price improve.In order to improve longan production
Amount and quality, often using Grafting kind, increase a series of integrated management approach such as rich water quality management, tillage and weeding.These pipes
Reason method recruitment is more, labor intensity is big, and sometimes target is also difficult to cash.Nowadays the price of labour power improves year by year, longan life
Cost increase is produced, decline in benefits is caused, influences the development of longan industry.
These current above-mentioned problems become increasingly conspicuous, the serious development for restricting longan industry.Therefore a kind of science is worked out to close
Reason, simple and practical, cost is low, nonpollution environment, positive effect, and the Longan Cultivation planting technology that orchard worker is easily mastered, is current
Urgent problem.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology, by laying weeding film on planting pit, in fruit
Micro-sprinkler irrigation system is installed in garden, improves the yield of longan.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
A kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology, comprises the following steps：
S1, field planting and laying weeding film
First building well field planting, planting pit long 0.8-1m, wide 0.8-1m, deep 0.6-1m, plant are carried out in longan plants plot
Away from 5-6m, mu plants 20-25 strains；
Secondly using 50~75 ㎏ are made compost on planting pit, planting pit is made into hill, is colonized after drying 10 days, is colonized
When by remove polybag nursery stock be put into, carry out shallow sowing；Good soil is returned again in planting pit surrounding ridging, is finally spread weeding film and is covered
Gai Shupan；
S2, set up micro-sprinkler irrigation system
It is water source, using submersible pump water lift using small pond on a hill or stream, hidden pipe water delivery, mini sprinkler, water delivery is installed respectively
Hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head and outfit fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container, form micro-sprinkler irrigation system；
S3, the preventing and treating for carrying out pest and disease damage
1. red spider：With 20% dicofol, 800 times of liquid sprinkling nursery stocks；
2. witches' broom disease：Gone out with 20% and sweep sharp 3000-4000 times of liquid or the 40.7% whole strain spray of 1000 times of liquid mixing of Le Siben
Apply, 7-10 days once, 2-3 times；
3. peronospora tabacina：Tip phase in longan spring, bud stage, young fruit period and the spray protection of nearly maturity period, in fruit tree morbidity just
Phase uses 800 times of liquid of 60% Sandofan, 500 times of liquid or 55% metalaxyl MnZn or 250-300 times of liquid of 40% aliette or more than 50%
Bacterium spirit 1000 times of liquid or 500-1000 times of liquid of 75% Bravo it is single spray or mix spray, per 7-10 days spray once, company
Spray 2-3 times；
S4, the rational application of fertilizer
1. seedling fertilization：Adhere to the principle of " tip two fertilizer, frequently apply thin apply ", mid or late March, the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June,
Early August, early September often carry on a shoulder pole 50 ㎏ with decomposed people and animals' fecaluria and add 0.2 ㎏ urea to apply 1-4 strains, each young leaves close to it is aging when spray
Apply 0.3% urea potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Field planting seedling for the first time when the first time tip is aging after field planting apply by fertilizer；
2. promoting fertilizers for potted flowers spends preceding fertilizer：Applied down in by the end of December to mid or late January, applied, applied with compound fertilizer with decomposed dung polluted water
Fertilizer amount accounts for the 30% of whole year；
3. steady fruit fertilizer：In the case where full blossom latter stage applies, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for the 15% of its annual amount of application, 25% respectively
With 25%；
4. fruit-promoting fertilizer：After female blossom fall at 40 days or after flower spike skeleton has been formed to applying before second of physiological fallen fruit
Under；Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for 15%, 25% and the 25% of its annual amount of application respectively；
5. fruit picking is fertile：In the case where 10-15 days before adopting apply；
S5, appropriate field management
1. chemical controlling the treetops and hastening blossom：Carry out controlling the treetops and hastening blossom using ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, using priciple is：The winter tip is short, leaf is tender, using relatively low dense
Degree, the winter tip are grown, lamina, using higher concentration；Concentration should be also reduced when sensitive kind and weak tree and high temperature and drought；To squirt
Blade face is degree；
2. result tree-pruning：March after spring disconnected frost before rudiment is carried out, and is pruned close weak branch, branch of growing thickly off, short is cut disease pest
Branch, descending branch, destroy mould stake, form three-dimensional result tree crown；
3. flower thinning vegetables and fruits：Dredged in good year and go part flower and fruit, promote the germinating summer and autumn tip as next year bearing basal shoot；Flower thinning
Fringe time from " Clear and Bright " to " grain rains "；Sick and weak fringe is first removed during flower thinning fringe, and grasp at the top of tree crown and it is outside stay less, bottom and interior
Thorax stays more, equally distributed principle, dredges the 60-70% for going whole flower spikes；Vegetables and fruits are in early June, will not when fruit is big in soya bean
Carried out again during shedding.
Preferably, the weeding film in the step S1 includes double-layer filmses, and topmost thin film is that pore size is 0.1-1cm
Film, lower film is the good film of water penetration.
It is furthermore preferred that the lower film of the weeding film is the weed removal mulch film containing sunlight screener.
It is furthermore preferred that described weeding film covers tree disk, and soil sample is not being covered at usage tree root 20-30cm.
It is furthermore preferred that the micro-sprinkler irrigation system in the step S2 includes submersible pump, supervisor, hidden pipe, fertilizer spreading tank, water source are received
Collect tank, pesticide container, the water source collecting tank collects rainwater, stream, is supplied to fertilizer spreading tank, pesticide container and longan plantation plot
Fluid in fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container is flowed through hidden pipe by supervisor and is sprayed onto longan kind by water, the submersible pump
Plant plot.
It is furthermore preferred that the micro-sprinkler irrigation system also includes mini sprinkler, water delivery hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head, the mini sprinkler, water delivery
Hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head are connected on bifurcated hidden pipe, water delivery hollow billet other end connection in the tree, the mini sprinkler be arranged on away from
At tree crown 20cm, bubbling irrigation head is installed apart from tree root 50cm.
It is furthermore preferred that the mini sprinkler is atomization type mini sprinkler.
It is furthermore preferred that the water delivery hollow billet is internal diameter 0.1-0.5cm plastic straw.
It is furthermore preferred that the bubbling irrigation head is everything direct current shower nozzle.
Preferably, for fruit picking fertilizer based on organic fertilizer, 25-40 ㎏ organic fertilizers and 1-2 ㎏ Chemical Mixed Fertilizers are applied in strain in the step S4.
Preferably, make compost is formed via the ㎏ of farm organic fertilizer 1000, the ㎏ of calcium superphosphate 100, the ㎏ of lime 20 mixing retting；
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, during present invention kind phytosaur fruit seedling, weeding film is spread on planting pit, the film contains double-deck result, can be with
It is effective to keep surface temperature while preferable to the permeability of water, it can make water or fertilizer effectively by near longan usage tree root
Soil absorption, do not influence fertilising and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
2nd, the micro-sprinkler irrigation system that sets up of the present invention, structure setting is reasonable, can carry out very well water soluble fertilizer, water and compared with
The drop of short grained solid fertilizer, sprinkling irrigation operation, while labour is saved, can preferably ensure the confession of orchard moisture content
Should, it is especially suitable for arid area and uses.
3rd, the present invention formulates corresponding fertilization mode so that soil is maintained fertilizer according to the growth characteristics of tree-longan
It is fertile, be advantageous to the growth of longan, effectively increase the survival rate of longan fruit seedling and the yield of longan.
4th, the planting technology of longan of the invention, can effective insect-pest, promoting root growth keeps a full stand of seedings, and tree-longan blade is beautiful, receives
The longan overall quality obtained is excellent, and yield is high, is adapted to agricultural extension.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is charity figure of the described longan high-yield culture technique of the present invention in orchard；
Wherein：1- fruits seedling, 2- weedings film, 3- micro-sprinkler irrigation systems, 4- ridges row, 5- planting pits；
31- water sources collecting tank, 32- pesticide containers, 33- fertilizer spreading tanks, 34- supervisors, 35- hidden pipes, 36- bifurcateds hidden pipe, 37- water deliverys
Hollow billet, 38- mini sprinklers, 39- bubbling irrigation heads.
Embodiment
Be described further below technical scheme, but claimed scope be not limited to it is described.
The charity figure of a kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology as described in Figure 1, during the charity in orchard, by fruit
Seedling 1 is put into planting pit 5, and weeding film 2 is laid on planting pit, and described micro-sprinkler irrigation system 3 includes submersible pump, supervisor
34th, hidden pipe 35, fertilizer spreading tank 33, water source collecting tank 31, pesticide container 32, the water source collecting tank 31 collect rainwater, stream,
Supplied water to fertilizer spreading tank 33, pesticide container 32 and longan plantation ridge row 4, the submersible pump is by fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container
In fluid by supervisor flow through hidden pipe 35 be sprayed onto longan plant plot.
The micro-sprinkler irrigation system can also also include mini sprinkler 38, water delivery hollow billet 37, bubbling irrigation first 39, the mini sprinkler,
Water delivery hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head are connected on bifurcated hidden pipe 36, and in the tree, the mini sprinkler is pacified for the water delivery hollow billet other end connection
Mounted at tree crown 20cm, bubbling irrigation head is installed apart from tree root 50cm.
Wherein, the mini sprinkler can be atomization type mini sprinkler.
Wherein, the water delivery hollow billet is internal diameter 0.1-0.5cm plastic straw.
Wherein, the bubbling irrigation head is everything direct current shower nozzle.
When the present embodiment is related to using micro-sprinkler irrigation system, micro-sprinkler irrigation system is carried out according to above-mentioned component and annexation
Installation.
Embodiment 1
A kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology, comprises the following steps：
S1, field planting and laying weeding film
First building well field planting, planting pit long 0.8-1m, wide 0.8-1m, deep 0.6-1m, plant are carried out in longan plants plot
Away from 5-6m, mu plants 20-25 strains；
Secondly using making compost, (㎏ of farm organic fertilizer 1000, the ㎏ of calcium superphosphate 100, the ㎏ of lime 20 mixing are macerated on planting pit
System) 50~75 ㎏, make hill by planting pit, are colonized after drying 10 days, be put into the nursery stock for removing polybag during field planting, enter
Row shallow sowing；Good soil is returned again in planting pit surrounding ridging, finally spreads weeding film overlay tree disk；
S2, set up micro-sprinkler irrigation system
It is water source, using submersible pump water lift using small pond on a hill or stream, hidden pipe water delivery, mini sprinkler, water delivery is installed respectively
Hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head and outfit fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container, form micro-sprinkler irrigation system；
S3, the preventing and treating for carrying out pest and disease damage
1. red spider：With 20% dicofol, 800 times of liquid sprinkling nursery stocks；
2. witches' broom disease：Gone out with 20% and sweep sharp 3000-4000 times of liquid or the 40.7% whole strain spray of 1000 times of liquid mixing of Le Siben
Apply, 7-10 days once, 2-3 times；
3. peronospora tabacina：Tip phase in longan spring, bud stage, young fruit period and the spray protection of nearly maturity period, in fruit tree morbidity just
Phase and 800 times of liquid of 60% Sandofan, 500 times of liquid or 55% metalaxyl MnZn or 250-300 times of liquid of 40% aliette or bacterium more than 50%
Clever 1000 times of liquid or 500-1000 times of liquid of 75% Bravo are single to be sprayed or mix and spray, per 7-10 days spray once, even spray
2-3 times；
S4, the rational application of fertilizer
1. seedling fertilization：Adhere to the principle of " tip two fertilizer, frequently apply thin apply ", mid or late March, the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June,
Early August, early September often carry on a shoulder pole 50 ㎏ with decomposed people and animals' fecaluria and add 0.2 ㎏ urea to apply 1-4 strains, each young leaves close to it is aging when spray
Apply 0.3% urea potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Field planting seedling for the first time when the first time tip is aging after field planting apply by fertilizer；
2. promoting fertilizers for potted flowers spends preceding fertilizer：Applied down in by the end of December to mid or late January, applied, applied with compound fertilizer with decomposed dung polluted water
Fertilizer amount accounts for the 30% of whole year；
3. steady fruit fertilizer：In the case where full blossom latter stage applies, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for the 15% of its annual amount of application, 25% respectively
With 25%；
4. fruit-promoting fertilizer：After female blossom fall at 40 days or after flower spike skeleton has been formed to applying before second of physiological fallen fruit
Under；Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for 15%, 25% and the 25% of its annual amount of application respectively；
5. fruit picking is fertile：In the case where 10-15 days before adopting apply, use based on organic fertilizer, 25-40 ㎏ organic fertilizers and 1-2 ㎏ are applied in strain
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer；
S5, appropriate field management
1. chemical controlling the treetops and hastening blossom：Carry out controlling the treetops and hastening blossom using ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, using priciple is：The winter tip is short, leaf is tender, using relatively low dense
Degree, the winter tip are grown, lamina, using higher concentration；Concentration should be also reduced when sensitive kind and weak tree and high temperature and drought；To squirt
Blade face is degree；
2. result tree-pruning：March after spring disconnected frost before rudiment is carried out, and is pruned close weak branch, branch of growing thickly off, short is cut disease pest
Branch, descending branch, destroy mould stake, form three-dimensional result tree crown；
3. flower thinning vegetables and fruits：Dredged in good year and go part flower and fruit, promote the germinating summer and autumn tip as next year bearing basal shoot；Flower thinning
Fringe time from " Clear and Bright " to " grain rains "；Sick and weak fringe is first removed during flower thinning fringe, and grasp at the top of tree crown and it is outside stay less, bottom and interior
Thorax stays more, equally distributed principle, dredges the 60-70% for going whole flower spikes；Vegetables and fruits are in early June, will not when fruit is big in soya bean
Carried out again during shedding.
Wherein, the weeding film in the step S1 includes double-layer filmses, and topmost thin film is that pore size is 0.1-1cm's
Film, lower film are the good film of water penetration.
Embodiment 2
A kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology, comprises the following steps：
S1, field planting and laying weeding film
First building well field planting, planting pit long 0.8-1m, wide 0.8-1m, deep 0.6-1m, plant are carried out in longan plants plot
Away from 5-6m, mu plants 20-25 strains；
Secondly using making compost, (㎏ of farm organic fertilizer 1000, the ㎏ of calcium superphosphate 100, the ㎏ of lime 20 mixing are macerated on planting pit
System) 50~75 ㎏, make hill by planting pit, are colonized after drying 10 days, be put into the nursery stock for removing polybag during field planting, enter
Row shallow sowing；Good soil is returned again in planting pit surrounding ridging, finally spreads weeding film overlay tree disk；
S2, set up micro-sprinkler irrigation system
It is water source, using submersible pump water lift using small pond on a hill or stream, hidden pipe water delivery, mini sprinkler, water delivery is installed respectively
Hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head and outfit fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container, form micro-sprinkler irrigation system；
S3, the preventing and treating for carrying out pest and disease damage
1. red spider：With 20% dicofol, 800 times of liquid sprinkling nursery stocks；
2. witches' broom disease：Gone out with 20% and sweep sharp 3000-4000 times of liquid or the 40.7% whole strain spray of 1000 times of liquid mixing of Le Siben
Apply, 7-10 days once, 2-3 times；
3. peronospora tabacina：Tip phase in longan spring, bud stage, young fruit period and the spray protection of nearly maturity period, in fruit tree morbidity just
Phase and 800 times of liquid of 60% Sandofan, 500 times of liquid or 55% metalaxyl MnZn or 250-300 times of liquid of 40% aliette or bacterium more than 50%
Clever 1000 times of liquid or 500-1000 times of liquid of 75% Bravo are single to be sprayed or mix and spray, per 7-10 days spray once, even spray
2-3 times；
S4, the rational application of fertilizer
1. seedling fertilization：Adhere to the principle of " tip two fertilizer, frequently apply thin apply ", mid or late March, the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June,
Early August, early September often carry on a shoulder pole 50 ㎏ with decomposed people and animals' fecaluria and add 0.2 ㎏ urea to apply 1-4 strains, each young leaves close to it is aging when spray
Apply 0.3% urea potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Field planting seedling for the first time when the first time tip is aging after field planting apply by fertilizer；
2. promoting fertilizers for potted flowers spends preceding fertilizer：Applied down in by the end of December to mid or late January, applied, applied with compound fertilizer with decomposed dung polluted water
Fertilizer amount accounts for the 30% of whole year；
3. steady fruit fertilizer：In the case where full blossom latter stage applies, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for the 15% of its annual amount of application, 25% respectively
With 25%；
4. fruit-promoting fertilizer：After female blossom fall at 40 days or after flower spike skeleton has been formed to applying before second of physiological fallen fruit
Under；Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for 15%, 25% and the 25% of its annual amount of application respectively；
5. fruit picking is fertile：In the case where 10-15 days before adopting apply, use based on organic fertilizer, 25-40 ㎏ organic fertilizers and 1-2 ㎏ are applied in strain
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer；
S5, appropriate field management
1. chemical controlling the treetops and hastening blossom：Carry out controlling the treetops and hastening blossom using ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, using priciple is：The winter tip is short, leaf is tender, using relatively low dense
Degree, the winter tip are grown, lamina, using higher concentration；Concentration should be also reduced when sensitive kind and weak tree and high temperature and drought；To squirt
Blade face is degree；
2. result tree-pruning：March after spring disconnected frost before rudiment is carried out, and is pruned close weak branch, branch of growing thickly off, short is cut disease pest
Branch, descending branch, destroy mould stake, form three-dimensional result tree crown；
3. flower thinning vegetables and fruits：Dredged in good year and go part flower and fruit, promote the germinating summer and autumn tip as next year bearing basal shoot；Flower thinning
Fringe time from " Clear and Bright " to " grain rains "；Sick and weak fringe is first removed during flower thinning fringe, and grasp at the top of tree crown and it is outside stay less, bottom and interior
Thorax stays more, equally distributed principle, dredges the 60-70% for going whole flower spikes；Vegetables and fruits are in early June, will not when fruit is big in soya bean
Carried out again during shedding.
Wherein, the weeding film in the step S1 includes double-layer filmses, and topmost thin film is that pore size is 0.1-1cm's
Film, lower film are the good film of water penetration.The lower film of the weeding film is the weeding containing sunlight screener
Mulch film.
Embodiment 3
A kind of longan high-yield culturing planting technology, comprises the following steps：
S1, field planting and laying weeding film
First building well field planting, planting pit long 0.8-1m, wide 0.8-1m, deep 0.6-1m, plant are carried out in longan plants plot
Away from 5-6m, mu plants 20-25 strains；
Secondly using making compost, (㎏ of farm organic fertilizer 1000, the ㎏ of calcium superphosphate 100, the ㎏ of lime 20 mixing are macerated on planting pit
System) 50~75 ㎏, make hill by planting pit, are colonized after drying 10 days, be put into the nursery stock for removing polybag during field planting, enter
Row shallow sowing；Good soil is returned again in planting pit surrounding ridging, finally spreads weeding film overlay tree disk；
S2, set up micro-sprinkler irrigation system
It is water source, using submersible pump water lift using small pond on a hill or stream, hidden pipe water delivery, mini sprinkler, water delivery is installed respectively
Hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head and outfit fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container, form micro-sprinkler irrigation system；
S3, the preventing and treating for carrying out pest and disease damage
1. red spider：With 20% dicofol, 800 times of liquid sprinkling nursery stocks；
2. witches' broom disease：Gone out with 20% and sweep sharp 3000-4000 times of liquid or the 40.7% whole strain spray of 1000 times of liquid mixing of Le Siben
Apply, 7-10 days once, 2-3 times；
3. peronospora tabacina：Tip phase in longan spring, bud stage, young fruit period and the spray protection of nearly maturity period, in fruit tree morbidity just
Phase and 800 times of liquid of 60% Sandofan, 500 times of liquid or 55% metalaxyl MnZn or 250-300 times of liquid of 40% aliette or bacterium more than 50%
Clever 1000 times of liquid or 500-1000 times of liquid of 75% Bravo are single to be sprayed or mix and spray, per 7-10 days spray once, even spray
2-3 times；
S4, the rational application of fertilizer
1. seedling fertilization：Adhere to the principle of " tip two fertilizer, frequently apply thin apply ", mid or late March, the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June,
Early August, early September often carry on a shoulder pole 50 ㎏ with decomposed people and animals' fecaluria and add 0.2 ㎏ urea to apply 1-4 strains, each young leaves close to it is aging when spray
Apply 0.3% urea potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Field planting seedling for the first time when the first time tip is aging after field planting apply by fertilizer；
2. promoting fertilizers for potted flowers spends preceding fertilizer：Applied down in by the end of December to mid or late January, applied, applied with compound fertilizer with decomposed dung polluted water
Fertilizer amount accounts for the 30% of whole year；
3. steady fruit fertilizer：In the case where full blossom latter stage applies, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for the 15% of its annual amount of application, 25% respectively
With 25%；
4. fruit-promoting fertilizer：After female blossom fall at 40 days or after flower spike skeleton has been formed to applying before second of physiological fallen fruit
Under；Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for 15%, 25% and the 25% of its annual amount of application respectively；
5. fruit picking is fertile：In the case where 10-15 days before adopting apply, use based on organic fertilizer, 25-40 ㎏ organic fertilizers and 1-2 ㎏ are applied in strain
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer；
S5, appropriate field management
1. chemical controlling the treetops and hastening blossom：Carry out controlling the treetops and hastening blossom using ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, using priciple is：The winter tip is short, leaf is tender, using relatively low dense
Degree, the winter tip are grown, lamina, using higher concentration；Concentration should be also reduced when sensitive kind and weak tree and high temperature and drought；To squirt
Blade face is degree；
2. result tree-pruning：March after spring disconnected frost before rudiment is carried out, and is pruned close weak branch, branch of growing thickly off, short is cut disease pest
Branch, descending branch, destroy mould stake, form three-dimensional result tree crown；
3. flower thinning vegetables and fruits：Dredged in good year and go part flower and fruit, promote the germinating summer and autumn tip as next year bearing basal shoot；Flower thinning
Fringe time from " Clear and Bright " to " grain rains "；Sick and weak fringe is first removed during flower thinning fringe, and grasp at the top of tree crown and it is outside stay less, bottom and interior
Thorax stays more, equally distributed principle, dredges the 60-70% for going whole flower spikes；Vegetables and fruits are in early June, will not when fruit is big in soya bean
Carried out again during shedding.
Wherein, the weeding film in the step S1 includes double-layer filmses, and topmost thin film is that pore size is 0.1-1cm's
Film, lower film are the good film of water penetration.The lower film of the weeding film is the weeding containing sunlight screener
Mulch film.Described weeding film covers tree disk, and is not covering soil sample at usage tree root 20-30cm.
Comparative example 1：It is consistent with embodiment 3 without using weeding film of the present invention, remaining condition
Comparative example 2：It is consistent with embodiment 3 without using micro-sprinkler irrigation system of the present invention, remaining condition
The quality and yield for the longan that 1-4 of the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example 1-2 and existing implantation methods are harvested
Evaluated, correlated results is as described below：
(1) survival rate of longan fruit seedling
From the point of view of above-mentioned longan survival rate (embodiment 1- embodiments 3), planting technology of the invention, survival rate is far above existing
There is planting technology；When micro-sprinkler irrigation system is not present simultaneously (comparative example 2), survival rate reduces, and illustrates when micro-sprinkler irrigation system be present
(comparative example 1) can improve the survival rate of longan fruit seedling；Dropped when being that the survival rate of longan fruit seedling slightly has in the absence of weeding film
It is low, illustrate little to the survival rate of longan fruit seedling.
(2) Quality Identification of longan
Analyzed (embodiment 1- embodiments 3) from the soluble solid content rate of above-mentioned longan, planting technology of the invention is received
The longan obtained, soluble solid content are far above the longan of existing planting technology harvest；(contrast when micro-sprinkler irrigation system being not present simultaneously
Example 2), soluble solid content reduces, and illustrates that (comparative example 1) can improve soluble solid content when micro-sprinkler irrigation system be present；When
It is that soluble solid content also slightly reduces in the absence of weeding film, it is little illustrates that it influences on soluble solid content.
(3) Longan Output is analyzed
Analyzed (embodiment 1- embodiments 3) from the yield of above-mentioned longan, the longan production of planting technology of the invention harvest
Amount, far above the longan of existing planting technology harvest；When micro-sprinkler irrigation system is not present simultaneously (comparative example 2), yield reduction is obvious,
Illustrate when micro-sprinkler irrigation system be present (comparative example 1), by sufficiently irrigating, it is possible to increase Longan Output；When in the absence of weeding
Film is that yield also reduces substantially, is illustrated when in the absence of weeding film, and the growth of weeds needs to consume the fertilizer of longan growth
Power, cause yield reduction.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. longan high-yield culturing planting technology, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：S1, field planting and laying weeding filmFirst building well field planting, planting pit long 0.8-1m, wide 0.8-1m, deep 0.6-1m, seeding row spacing 5- are carried out in longan plants plot 6m, mu plant 20-25 strains；Secondly using making compost 50~75 ㎏ on planting pit, planting pit is made into hill, is colonized after drying 10 days, will during field planting The nursery stock for removing polybag is put into, and carries out shallow sowing；Good soil is returned again in planting pit surrounding ridging, finally spreads weeding film overlay tree Disk；S2, set up micro-sprinkler irrigation systemBe water source, using submersible pump water lift using small pond on a hill or stream, hidden pipe water delivery, install respectively mini sprinkler, water delivery hollow billet, Bubbling irrigation head and outfit fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container, form micro-sprinkler irrigation system；S3, the preventing and treating for carrying out pest and disease damage1. red spider：With 20% dicofol, 800 times of liquid sprinkling nursery stocks；2. witches' broom disease：Gone out with 20% and sweep sharp 3000-4000 times of liquid or 40.7% 1000 times of liquid of Le Siben mix whole strains and sprayed, 7- 10 days once, 2-3 times；3. peronospora tabacina：Tip phase in longan spring, bud stage, young fruit period and the spray protection of nearly maturity period, make in fruit tree early stage With 800 times of liquid of 60% Sandofan, 500 times of liquid or 55% metalaxyl MnZn or 250-300 times of liquid of 40% aliette or 50% carbendazim 1000 times of liquid or 500-1000 times of liquid of 75% Bravo it is single spray or mix spray, per 7-10 days spray once, even spray 2-3 It is secondary；S4, the rational application of fertilizer1. seedling fertilization：The principle of " fertilizer of a tip two, frequently apply thin apply " is adhered to, in mid or late March, the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June, August The first tenday period of a month, early September often carry on a shoulder pole 50 ㎏ with decomposed people and animals' fecaluria and add 0.2 ㎏ urea to apply 1-4 strains, each young leaves close to it is aging when spray 0.3% urea potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Field planting seedling for the first time when the first time tip is aging after field planting apply by fertilizer；2. promoting fertilizers for potted flowers spends preceding fertilizer：Apply down, applied with decomposed dung polluted water with compound fertilizer, dose to mid or late January in by the end of December Account for the 30% of whole year；3. steady fruit fertilizer：In the case where full blossom latter stage applies, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for the 15% of its annual amount of application, 25% and respectively 25%；4. fruit-promoting fertilizer：After female blossom fall at 40 days or after flower spike skeleton has been formed under applying before second of physiological fallen fruit；Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium amount of application account for 15%, 25% and the 25% of its annual amount of application respectively；5. fruit picking is fertile：In the case where 10-15 days before adopting apply；S5, appropriate field management1. chemical controlling the treetops and hastening blossom：Carry out controlling the treetops and hastening blossom using ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, using priciple is：The winter tip is short, leaf is tender, using low concentration, The winter tip is grown, lamina, using higher concentration；Concentration should be also reduced when sensitive kind and weak tree and high temperature and drought；To squirt leaf Face is degree；2. result tree-pruning：March after spring disconnected frost before rudiment is carried out, prune off close weak branch, branch of growing thickly, it is short cut sick branch, Descending branch, mould stake is destroyed, form three-dimensional result tree crown；3. flower thinning vegetables and fruits：Dredged in good year and go part flower and fruit, promote the germinating summer and autumn tip as next year bearing basal shoot；During flower thinning fringe Between from " Clear and Bright " to " grain rains "；Sick and weak fringe is first removed during flower thinning fringe, and grasp at the top of tree crown and it is outside stay less, bottom and interior thorax are more Stay, equally distributed principle, dredge the 60-70% for going whole flower spikes；Vegetables and fruits are in early June, when fruit is big in soya bean, will not fall again Carried out during fruit.
- 2. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Weeding in the step S1 is thin Film includes double-layer filmses, and topmost thin film is the film that pore size is 0.1-1cm, and lower film is the good film of water penetration.
- 3. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The lower floor of the weeding film is thin Film is the weed removal mulch film containing sunlight screener.
- 4. the longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that：Described weeding is thin Film covers tree disk, and is not covering soil sample at usage tree root 20-30cm.
- 5. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Microspray irrigation in the step S2 System includes submersible pump, supervisor, hidden pipe, fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, pesticide container, and the water source collecting tank is by rainwater, stream Collect, give fertilizer spreading tank, pesticide container and longan plantation plot to supply water, the submersible pump is by fertilizer spreading tank, water source collecting tank, agriculture Fluid in medicinal cupping flows through hidden pipe by supervisor and is sprayed onto longan plantation plot.
- 6. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The micro-sprinkler irrigation system also includes Mini sprinkler, water delivery hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head, the mini sprinkler, water delivery hollow billet, bubbling irrigation head are connected on bifurcated hidden pipe, described defeated The water hollow billet other end is connected in the tree, and the mini sprinkler is arranged at tree crown 20cm, and bubbling irrigation is installed apart from tree root 50cm Head.
- 7. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The mini sprinkler declines for atomization Shower nozzle.
- 8. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The water delivery hollow billet is internal diameter 0.1-0.5cm plastic straw.
- 9. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The bubbling irrigation head is that everything is straight Flow shower nozzle.
- 10. longan high-yield culturing planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fruit picking fertilizer in the step S4 Based on organic fertilizer, 25-40 ㎏ organic fertilizers and 1-2 ㎏ Chemical Mixed Fertilizers are applied in strain.
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| CN109121981A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2019-01-04 | 江西绿萌科技控股有限公司 | A kind of summer pruning formula Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN115918427A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-04-07 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for planting cocoa trees and expanding agricultural functions |
| CN116235734A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-06-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Four-season honey longan deep-furrow high-furrow water-control planting method |
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| CN115918427A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-04-07 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for planting cocoa trees and expanding agricultural functions |
| CN116235734A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-06-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Four-season honey longan deep-furrow high-furrow water-control planting method |
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