CN114068411A - 半导体结构及其制作方法 - Google Patents

半导体结构及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN114068411A
CN114068411A CN202010784644.XA CN202010784644A CN114068411A CN 114068411 A CN114068411 A CN 114068411A CN 202010784644 A CN202010784644 A CN 202010784644A CN 114068411 A CN114068411 A CN 114068411A
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朱柄宇
洪海涵
卢经文
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Changxin Memory Technologies Inc
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/103703 priority patent/WO2022028163A1/zh
Priority to US17/471,256 priority patent/US12002707B2/en
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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种半导体结构及其制作方法,半导体结构的制作方法包括:提供衬底,所述衬底包括有源区和位于相邻所述有源区之间的隔离区,所述有源区包括与所述隔离区邻接的拐角区域;进行掺杂工艺,向所述拐角区域内注入掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子用于减缓所述拐角区域的氧化速率;在进行所述掺杂工艺之后,对所述衬底进行去除工艺,所述去除工艺可去除氧化后的所述衬底,在进行所述去除工艺的过程中,所述隔离区内的结构暴露所述拐角区域侧壁。本发明有利于保持有源区拐角区域的结构完整性。

Description

半导体结构及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及半导体领域,特别涉及一种半导体结构及其制作方法。
背景技术
随着半导体结构尺寸的微缩,在制作半导体结构过程中,膜层材料的额外消耗可能会导致较大的性能缺陷。
具体来说,半导体结构通常包括阵列区和包围阵列区的外围区,在对阵列区和外围区的底层衬底进行刻蚀、清洗等工艺时,底层衬底会被部分消耗甚至产生膜层脱落,衬底材料的消耗会导致衬底出现性能缺陷,例如漏电等。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种半导体结构及其形成方法,有利于保持有源区拐角区域的完整性。
为解决上述问题,本发明实施例提供一种半导体结构的制作方法,包括:提供衬底,所述衬底包括有源区和位于相邻所述有源区之间的隔离区,所述有源区包括与所述隔离区邻接的拐角区域;进行掺杂工艺,向所述拐角区域内注入掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子用于减缓所述拐角区域的氧化速率;在进行所述掺杂工艺之后,对所述衬底进行去除工艺,所述去除工艺可去除氧化后的所述衬底,在进行所述去除工艺的过程中,所述隔离区内的结构暴露所述拐角区域侧壁。
另外,所述对所述衬底进行去除工艺,包括:对所述隔离区的所述衬底进行刻蚀工艺,形成暴露所述拐角区域侧壁的沟槽,所述沟槽用于形成隔离结构。
另外,所述去除工艺还包括:在进行所述刻蚀工艺之后,对所述沟槽进行第一清洗工艺,所述第一清洗工艺的清洗液与所述拐角区域侧壁相接触。
另外,所述隔离区内具有隔离结构,所述隔离结构具有凹陷部,所述凹陷部暴露所述拐角区域侧壁;所述去除工艺包括:在进行所述掺杂工艺之后,对所述有源区顶面进行第二清洗工艺,所述第二清洗工艺的清洗液与所述拐角区域侧壁相接触。
另外,在进行所述第二清洗工艺之后,对所述有源区进行沉积工艺,形成覆盖所述有源区顶面的栅氧化层,所述栅氧化层和所述隔离结构暴露所述拐角区域侧壁。
另外,所述掺杂离子包括氮离子,所述掺杂离子的注入剂量为1e12~1e16atoms/cm2
另外,注入所述掺杂离子的工艺步骤包括:提供所述衬底和位于所述衬底上的屏蔽层,所述有源区还包括位于相邻所述拐角区域之间的中间区域,所述屏蔽层覆盖所述中间区域顶面,所述屏蔽层用于屏蔽所述掺杂离子的注入;对所述衬底进行离子注入工艺。
另外,所述离子注入工艺的注入能量范围为1KV~60KV。
另外,所述屏蔽层还覆盖所述拐角区域并暴露出所述隔离区;对所述衬底进行具有注入角度的所述离子注入工艺。
另外,所述注入角度为5°~60°。相应地,本发明实施例还提供了一种半导体结构,包括:衬底,所述衬底包括有源区和位于相邻所述有源区之间的隔离区,所述有源区包括与所述隔离区邻接的拐角区域,所述隔离区内的结构暴露出所述拐角区域侧壁;所述拐角区域内包含有掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子用于减缓所述拐角区域的氧化速率。
另外,所述隔离区内具有隔离结构,所述隔离结构具有凹陷部,所述凹陷部暴露出所述拐角区域侧壁。
另外,所述半导体结构还包括:栅介质层和隔离部,所述栅介质层覆盖所述有源区顶面,所述隔离部覆盖所述拐角区域的侧壁。
与现有技术相比,本发明实施例提供的技术方案具有以下优点:
上述技术方案中,采用向拐角区域注入掺杂离子的方法减缓拐角区域的氧化速率,避免形成较厚的氧化层,以及避免去除工艺以较快的速率去除氧化层而逐渐形成较大的倒角,保证有源区的拐角区域具有较好的结构完整性,进而保证有源区以及包含有源区的半导体结构,例如场效应管,具有良好的电学性能。
另外,在进行掺杂工艺之后形成沟槽,有利于抑制刻蚀工艺过程中的衬底氧化,避免刻蚀工艺对较厚的氧化层进行刻蚀,保证刻蚀工艺形成的倒角较小。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明,这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定,除非有特别申明,附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1至图5为半导体结构的形成方法各步骤对应的剖面结构示意图;
图6至图15为本发明实施例提供的半导体结构的形成方法各步骤对应的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,提供衬底100,衬底100包括有源区101和位于相邻有源区101之间的隔离区102,有源区101包括与隔离区102邻接的拐角区域。
衬底100的材料包括多晶硅,后续针对衬底100进行的去除工艺大多在大气环境下进行,多晶硅在大气环境下会发生自然氧化。
需要说明的是,本文图示中用于分割有源区101和隔离区102的分割线仅作为示意使用,实际上分割线不一定垂直于衬底100表面,分割线也可以具有一定的倾斜角度,分割线的倾斜角度可与后续刻蚀形成的沟槽侧壁的倾斜角度相等。
参考图2,对隔离区102进行刻蚀工艺,形成沟槽120,沟槽120用于形成隔离结构。
在刻蚀形成沟槽120的过程中,有源区101的拐角区域侧壁会被暴露出来,而被暴露出的拐角区域侧壁处会发生氧化,氧化后形成的氧化层相对于衬底100材料更容易被刻蚀工艺去除。
由于刻蚀形成沟槽120的刻蚀工艺是一个持续过程,且刻蚀工艺的刻蚀剂会与暴露出的拐角区域侧壁接触,因此,拐角区域侧壁处自然氧化形成的氧化物会在较短的时间内被刻蚀去除。这导致拐角区域侧壁处的衬底100会始终暴露在大气环境下,氧化形成的氧化物层无法对空气中的氧气进行有效隔离。如此,衬底100的拐角区域侧壁会始终以较快的氧化速率,即衬底100与空气直接接触时的氧化速率发生氧化,进而导致衬底100会以较快的速率被消耗,最终形成较大的倒角103。
倒角103具有在平行于衬底100表面方向上的第一宽度d1和在垂直于与衬底100表面方向上的第一厚度d2,第一宽度d1与第一厚度d2之间没有必然的大小关系,第一宽度d1和第一厚度d2的大小都与沟槽120的刻蚀时间以及衬底100与空气直接接触时的氧化速率有关。具体地,衬底100与空气直接接触时的氧化速率越快,第一宽度d1和第一厚度d2就越大。
参考图3,在形成沟槽120之后,对沟槽120底面和侧壁进行第一清洗工艺,第一清洗工艺用于去除残留的刻蚀剂和衬底100的碎屑。
第一清洗工艺的清洗剂会与倒角103处的衬底100接触,并去除自然氧化形成的氧化物层,从而对衬底100造成进一步的消耗。具体可表现为倒角103的第一宽度d1和第一厚度d2会进一步增大,形成具有更大尺寸的倒角103。
参考图4,在进行第一清洁工艺之后,在沟槽120(参考图3)内形成隔离结构12。
隔离结构12通常包括覆盖沟槽120底面和侧壁的第一隔离层121,覆盖第一隔离层121底面和侧壁的第二隔离层122以及填充沟槽120的第三隔离层123,第一隔离层121和第三隔离层123的材料通常为氧化硅,第二隔离层122的材料通常为氮化硅,即常用的“ONO”隔离结构。
由于氮化硅具有较高的硬度,在对氮化硅和氧化硅进行刻蚀时,由于刻蚀选择比的原因,第一隔离层121通常会发生过刻蚀,无法完全覆盖倒角103表面,即隔离结构12会具有位于第一隔离层121顶部的凹陷部124,凹陷部124会暴露出至少部分拐角区域侧壁。如此,倒角103的尺寸在后续的其他去除工艺中会被进一步放大。
参考图5,形成隔离结构12之后,对有源区101顶面进行第二清洗工艺,第二清洗工艺用于去除有源区101顶面的杂质。
第二清洗工艺是在有源区101顶面沉积形成栅介质层的前置步骤。在进行第二清洗工艺的过程中,清洗剂会与暴露出的拐角区域侧壁接触,并刻蚀去除拐角区域侧壁的氧化物,进一步放大倒角103的尺寸,进而使得有源区101拐角区域的完整性较差。
为解决上述问题,本发明实施提供一种半导体结构及其制作方法,通过向有源区的拐角区域注入掺杂离子,减缓拐角区域的氧化速率,使得去除工艺的刻蚀剂或清洗剂等溶剂在接触到拐角区域侧壁时氧化物膜层较薄;由于倒角的大小与氧化物膜层的厚度正相关,通过抑制拐角区域的氧化,能够有效减小倒角的尺寸,有利于保证有源区的拐角区域具有较好的结构完整性。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明的各实施例进行详细的阐述。然而,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,在本发明各实施例中,为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是,即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施例的种种变化和修改,也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。
图6至图14为本发明实施例提供的半导体结构的形成方法各步骤对应的剖面结构示意图。
参考图6,提供衬底200和在衬底200上依次层叠的掩膜层220和屏蔽膜211。
本实施例中,衬底200包括有源区201和位于相邻有源区201之间的隔离区202;在垂直于衬底200表面的方向上,有源区201顶面的正投影与掩膜层220的正投影重合。如此,可直接利用掩膜层220进行后续沟槽的刻蚀,无需形成不同的掩膜层以分别进行后续掺杂离子的掺杂和沟槽的刻蚀,有利于减少工艺步骤以及缩短衬底200顶面暴露的时间,减少衬底200的消耗。
本实施例中,掩膜层220为硬掩膜层,掩膜层220的材料包括多晶硅;屏蔽膜211用于形成屏蔽层,屏蔽层起到屏蔽离子注入的作用,屏蔽膜211的材料包括氧化硅。
衬底200通常可以分为阵列区和包围阵列区的外围区,本实施例中,以衬底200所在区域为外围区为例。掩膜层220可与阵列区的多晶硅层一同形成。
参考图7,刻蚀屏蔽膜211形成屏蔽层210,并去除掩膜层220。
本实施例中,有源区201包括与隔离区202邻接的拐角区域212,屏蔽层210覆盖拐角区域212顶面;在其他实施例中,屏蔽层暴露出拐角区域顶面。
参考图8,进行掺杂工艺。
本实施例中,采用具有注入角度的离子注入工艺对拐角区域212以及隔离区202顶部进行离子注入;在其他实施例中,仅对拐角区域进行离子注入。
掺杂离子的类型与拐角区域212侧壁的氧化原因有关。具体地,拐角区域212侧壁既可能是自然氧化,即被大气环境中空气所包含的氧气所氧化,也可能是被刻蚀剂或清洗剂等溶剂内的氧化成分所氧化。由于不同溶剂内的氧化成分可能不同,因此,可根据后续进行的工艺步骤所使用的溶剂类型以及衬底200暴露在大气环境下的时长调整掺杂离子的类型;此外,可在拐角区域212内同时掺杂多种掺杂离子,以减缓拐角区域212在不同氧化环境下的氧化速率。
本实施例中,掺杂离子包括氮离子,掺杂离子的注入剂量为1e12~1e16atoms/cm2,例如为1e13 atoms/cm2、1e14atoms/cm2或1e15 atoms/cm2。掺杂离子的注入剂量过小,则减缓氧化速率的效果不明显,后续依然会形成较大的倒角;掺杂离子的注入剂量过大,则对减缓氧化速率的效果提升不明显,且可能对拐角区域212造成损伤,不利于后续掺杂P型或N型掺杂离子以形成掺杂区。
本实施例中,离子注入工艺的注入能量范围为1KV~60KV,例如20KV、30KV或40KV。注入能量过低,则掺杂离子的注入深度较浅,可减少消耗的拐角区域较薄;注入能量过高,则可能因为射程过深而对衬底200造成损伤。
本实施例中,注入角度为5°~60°,例如20°、30°或40°。注入角度过小,则容易导致拐角区域212的顶部区域掺杂效果较差;注入角度过大,则需要较大的注入能量才能将掺杂离子注入到预设深度,且容易对相邻拐角区域212之间的中间区域造成不必要的掺杂,该不必要的掺杂可能会影响后续形成的半导体结构的性能。
本实施例中,在进行掺杂工艺之后,对衬底200进行去除工艺,去除工艺可去除氧化后的衬底200,在进行去除工艺的过程中,隔离区202内的结构暴露拐角区域212侧壁。其中,去除工艺包括刻蚀工艺和清洗工艺等。
具体地,在掺杂工艺之后进行的去除工艺可包括以下工艺步骤:
参考图9,对隔离区202(参考图8)的衬底200进行刻蚀工艺,形成暴露拐角区域212侧壁的沟槽230,沟槽230用于形成隔离结构。
本实施例中,由于拐角区域212内掺杂有掺杂离子,拐角区域212侧壁在暴露的情况自然氧化的速率以及被刻蚀剂内的氧化成分氧化的速率较慢,在整个刻蚀工艺的过程中,刻蚀剂所能刻蚀去除的氧化物膜层总厚度较薄。
如此,有利于避免因拐角区域212侧壁材料消耗过多而导致的膜层剥落,以及避免因膜层剥落或其他原因形成的倒角203尺寸过大,即保证倒角203的第二宽度d3和第二厚度d4较小,使得拐角区域212具有较好的结构完整性,进而避免因结构缺失而导致的漏电风险。
参考图10,在进行刻蚀工艺之后,对沟槽230进行第一清洗工艺,第一清洗工艺的清洗液与拐角区域212侧壁相接触。
本实施例中,由于拐角区域212内掺杂有减缓掺杂速率的掺杂离子,掺杂离子能够抑制从刻蚀工艺到第一清洗工艺之间的衬底200自然氧化,以及抑制清洗液中的氧化成分氧化衬底200,保证第一清洗工艺所能去除的氧化物膜层总厚度较薄。如此,有利于抑制第一清洗工艺对拐角区域212材料的进一步消耗,保证拐角区域212具有良好的结构完整性。
参考图11,形成隔离结构240。
本实施例中,隔离结构240为氧化硅层-氮化硅层-氧化硅层的三层叠层结构,隔离结构240具有凹陷部241,凹陷部241暴露出拐角区域212侧壁;在其他实施例中,隔离结构还可以是包括氧化硅层和氮化硅层的双层叠层结构。本文不对隔离结构240的结构和材料进行限定,仅在于强调隔离结构240存在一定缺陷,缺陷包括存在暴露拐角区域212侧壁的凹陷部241。
需要说明的是,如果在形成隔离结构240之后对拐角区域212进行离子掺杂,以抑制倒角203的形成或者减小倒角203的尺寸,在垂直于衬底200表面的方向上,拐角区域212的厚度可仅等于凹陷部241的厚度。如此,有利于减少需注入的掺杂离子数量以及缩短离子注入的射程,使得离子注入工艺对拐角区域212的损伤较小,保证有源区201具有良好的电学性能。
参考图12,对有源区201顶面进行第二清洗工艺,第二清洗工艺的清洗液与拐角区域212侧壁相接触。
本实施例中,掺杂离子还可以抑制从形成隔离结构240到进行第二清洗工艺的自然氧化,以及抑制第二清洗工艺过程中的拐角区域212侧壁自然氧化和清洗剂氧化,进一步保证拐角区域212的结构完整性。
参考图13,对有源区201顶面进行沉积工艺,形成栅介质层250。
本实施例中,栅介质层250仅覆盖有源区201的顶部表面。由于栅介质层250的形成工艺通常是先在衬底200上形成整层栅介质膜,再对栅介质膜进行图形化刻蚀。在栅介质层250不覆盖拐角区域212的侧壁时,刻蚀工艺会去除拐角区域212侧壁的氧化物膜层。
由于拐角区域212内掺杂有减缓掺杂速率的掺杂离子,掺杂离子能够抑制刻蚀过程中的衬底200自然氧化,以及抑制刻蚀剂中的氧化成分氧化衬底200,保证刻蚀工艺所能去除的氧化物膜层总厚度较薄。如此,有利于抑制刻蚀工艺对拐角区域212材料的进一步消耗,保证拐角区域212具有良好的结构完整性。
在其他实施例中,参考图14,栅介质层350还覆盖拐角区域212侧壁,即覆盖倒角303表面。栅介质层350能够对拐角区域312起到隔离作用,有利于避免拐角区域312的进一步氧化以及避免拐角区域312材料的进一步消耗。
参考图15,形成隔离部260和栅极270。
本实施例中,由于拐角区域212的侧壁被暴露,为避免后续形成的栅极270与拐角区域212侧壁相接触等问题,因此,需要形成额外形成隔离部260,隔离部260覆盖拐角区域212侧壁,起到隔离拐角区域212和栅极270的目的,有利于保证由栅极270、栅介质层250和有源区201构成的晶体管具有良好的电学性能。
隔离部260的材料可以与栅介质层250的材料相同或不同。
本实施例中,采用向拐角区域注入掺杂离子的方法减缓拐角区域的氧化速率,避免形成较厚的氧化层,以及避免去除工艺以较快的速率去除氧化层而逐渐形成较大的倒角,保证有源区的拐角区域具有较好的结构完整性,进而保证有源区以及包含有源区的半导体结构,例如场效应管,具有良好的电学性能。
相应地,本发明实施例还提供一种半导体结构,该半导体结构可由上述半导体结构的制作方法制成。
参考图15,半导体结构包括:衬底200,衬底200包括有源区201以及位于相邻有源区201之间的隔离区,有源区201包括与隔离区邻接的拐角区域212,隔离区内的结构暴露出拐角区域212侧壁;拐角区域212内包含有掺杂离子,掺杂离子用于减缓拐角区域212的氧化速率。
本实施例中,隔离区内具有隔离结构240,隔离结构240内具有凹陷部241(参考图12),凹陷部241暴露出拐角区域212侧壁。
本实施例中,半导体结构还包括:栅介质层250和隔离部260,栅介质层250覆盖有源区201顶面,隔离部260覆盖拐角区域212侧壁;在其他实施例中,栅介质层覆盖有源区顶面以及覆盖拐角区域侧壁。
本实施例中,拐角区域内具有可减缓氧化速率的掺杂离子,有利于避免拐角区域在经历去除工艺时被刻蚀消耗较多的材料,进而保证拐角区域具有较好的结构完整性。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,上述各实施方式是实现本发明的具体实施例,而在实际应用中,可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,均可作各自更动与修改,因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求限定的范围为准。

Claims (13)

1.一种半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
提供衬底,所述衬底包括有源区和位于相邻所述有源区之间的隔离区,所述有源区包括与所述隔离区邻接的拐角区域;
进行掺杂工艺,向所述拐角区域内注入掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子用于减缓所述拐角区域的氧化速率;
在进行所述掺杂工艺之后,对所述衬底进行去除工艺,所述去除工艺可去除氧化后的所述衬底,在进行所述去除工艺的过程中,所述隔离区内的结构暴露所述拐角区域侧壁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,所述对所述衬底进行去除工艺,包括:对所述隔离区的所述衬底进行刻蚀工艺,形成暴露所述拐角区域侧壁的沟槽,所述沟槽用于形成隔离结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,所述去除工艺还包括:在进行所述刻蚀工艺之后,对所述沟槽进行第一清洗工艺,所述第一清洗工艺的清洗液与所述拐角区域侧壁相接触。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,所述隔离区内具有隔离结构,所述隔离结构具有凹陷部,所述凹陷部暴露所述拐角区域侧壁;所述去除工艺包括:在进行所述掺杂工艺之后,对所述有源区顶面进行第二清洗工艺,所述第二清洗工艺的清洗液与所述拐角区域侧壁相接触。
5.根据权利要求4所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,在进行所述第二清洗工艺之后,对所述有源区进行沉积工艺,形成覆盖所述有源区顶面的栅氧化层,所述栅氧化层和所述隔离结构暴露所述拐角区域侧壁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,所述掺杂离子包括氮离子,所述掺杂离子的注入剂量为1e12~1e16atoms/cm2
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,注入所述掺杂离子的工艺步骤包括:提供所述衬底和位于所述衬底上的屏蔽层,所述有源区还包括位于相邻所述拐角区域之间的中间区域,所述屏蔽层覆盖所述中间区域顶面,所述屏蔽层用于屏蔽所述掺杂离子的注入;对所述衬底进行离子注入工艺。
8.根据权利要求7所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,所述离子注入工艺的注入能量范围为1KV~60KV。
9.根据权利要求7所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,所述屏蔽层还覆盖所述拐角区域并暴露出所述隔离区;对所述衬底进行具有注入角度的所述离子注入工艺。
10.根据权利要求9所述的半导体结构的制作方法,其特征在于,所述注入角度为5°~60°。
11.一种半导体结构,其特征在于,包括:
衬底,所述衬底包括有源区和位于相邻所述有源区之间的隔离区,所述有源区包括与所述隔离区邻接的拐角区域,所述隔离区内的结构暴露出所述拐角区域侧壁;
所述拐角区域内包含有掺杂离子,所述掺杂离子用于减缓所述拐角区域的氧化速率。
12.根据权利要求11所述的半导体结构,其特征在于,所述隔离区内具有隔离结构,所述隔离结构具有凹陷部,所述凹陷部暴露出所述拐角区域侧壁。
13.根据权利要求12所述的半导体结构,其特征在于,还包括:栅介质层和隔离部,所述栅介质层覆盖所述有源区顶面,所述隔离部覆盖所述拐角区域的侧壁。
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