CN1140554C - 制备丙烯聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
制备丙烯聚合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1140554C CN1140554C CNB988082896A CN98808289A CN1140554C CN 1140554 C CN1140554 C CN 1140554C CN B988082896 A CNB988082896 A CN B988082896A CN 98808289 A CN98808289 A CN 98808289A CN 1140554 C CN1140554 C CN 1140554C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- gas phase
- propylene
- catalyst
- gpr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
- C08F297/083—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins the monomers being ethylene or propylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F10/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
- B01J2219/00094—Jackets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/00128—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling by evaporation of reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00184—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the weight of reactants in the reactor vessel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F210/06—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2308/00—Chemical blending or stepwise polymerisation process with the same catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI972727A FI111847B (fi) | 1997-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Menetelmä propeenin kopolymeerien valmistamiseksi |
| FI972728 | 1997-06-24 | ||
| FI972728A FI111845B (fi) | 1997-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Menetelmä propeenin homopolymeerien ja iskulujuudeltaan modifioitujen polymeerien valmistamiseksi |
| FI972727 | 1997-06-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1267311A CN1267311A (zh) | 2000-09-20 |
| CN1140554C true CN1140554C (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
Family
ID=26160409
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB988082896A Expired - Lifetime CN1140554C (zh) | 1997-06-24 | 1998-06-24 | 制备丙烯聚合物的方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JP2002504954A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1140554C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU7921198A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1998058976A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (100)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI111955B (fi) * | 1999-12-27 | 2003-10-15 | Borealis Tech Oy | Propeenipolymeerit, joilla on erittäin korkea sulavirta |
| DE10025727A1 (de) | 2000-05-25 | 2002-01-03 | Basell Polypropylen Gmbh | Hochfließfähige Propylenblockcopolymerisate |
| GB0111020D0 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2001-06-27 | Borealis Tech Oy | Process |
| DE60108364T2 (de) * | 2001-06-27 | 2005-12-22 | Borealis Technology Oy | Propylenpolymerharz mit verbesserten Eigenschaften |
| US20060052541A1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2006-03-09 | Erling Hagen | Polyolefin with improved scratch resistance and process for producing the same |
| ATE401123T1 (de) | 2004-12-17 | 2008-08-15 | Borealis Tech Oy | Verfahren zur polymerisation von olefinen in gegenwart eines olefin polymerisationskatalysators |
| ATE509967T1 (de) | 2007-06-14 | 2011-06-15 | Borealis Tech Oy | Verfahren zur herstellung von propylen- copolymeren mit hilfe eines vorpolymerisierten katalysators |
| US7910679B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-03-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Bulk homogeneous polymerization process for ethylene propylene copolymers |
| WO2011058089A1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Borealis Ag | Process for producing a polymerization catalyst |
| EP2322568B1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2013-05-15 | Borealis AG | Process for producing an olefin polymerization catalyst |
| EP2499169B1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2014-04-02 | Borealis AG | Process for recovering a transition metal compound |
| US8501881B2 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2013-08-06 | Borealis Ag | Process for olefin polymerization |
| EP2341087B1 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | Borealis AG | New way to produce polypropylene grade in a sequential process |
| ES2385142T3 (es) | 2010-04-21 | 2012-07-18 | Borealis Ag | Composición de copolímero o propileno/1-hexeno con ventana de sellado amplia |
| WO2011131639A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-27 | Borealis Ag | Propylene/1-hexene copolymer composition with low sealing temperature |
| EP2402376A1 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-04 | Borealis AG | Process for producing a prepolymerised catalyst, such prepolymerised catalyst and its use for producing a polymer |
| EP2433982B1 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2014-12-03 | Borealis AG | Composition with low dissipation factor tan "delta" |
| US9273201B2 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2016-03-01 | Borealis Ag | Sealing material of polypropylene with high melting temperature |
| EP2661465B1 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2016-04-06 | Borealis AG | Sealing material of polypropylene with improved optical performance |
| CN102585351A (zh) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐应力发白抗冲聚丙烯组合物 |
| CN102585350A (zh) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐应力发白抗冲聚丙烯组合物 |
| CN102585352A (zh) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐应力发白抗冲聚丙烯组合物 |
| EP2487203B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2020-11-25 | Borealis AG | Sealing propylene copolymer |
| EP2540497B1 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2014-08-06 | Borealis AG | Multi-layer cast film |
| ES2462004T3 (es) | 2011-06-27 | 2014-05-22 | Borealis Ag | Película polímera multicapa orientada biaxialmente |
| EP2540496B1 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2014-04-23 | Borealis AG | Multi-layer blown film |
| PL2562215T3 (pl) | 2011-08-26 | 2016-09-30 | Mieszanka polipropylenowa do rur | |
| EP2586824B1 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2016-09-14 | Borealis AG | Polypropylene blend with improved balance between SIT and melting point |
| EP2610274A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-03 | Borealis AG | Propylene random copolymer |
| EP2719725B1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2018-12-05 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) | Nucleated polypropylene composition for containers |
| PL2746336T3 (pl) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-09-29 | Borealis Ag | Mieszanka polipropylenowa do rur ciśnieniowych |
| PL2796500T3 (pl) | 2013-04-22 | 2018-12-31 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) | Kompozycja kopolimeru przypadkowego propylenu do zastosowań do rur |
| EP2796502A1 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2014-10-29 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) | Propylene random copolymer composition for pipe applications |
| PL2796499T3 (pl) | 2013-04-22 | 2018-12-31 | Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) | Kompozycja polipropylenowa o ulepszonej udarności do zastosowań w rurach |
| EP2813517B2 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2019-06-26 | Borealis AG | Process for the preparation of a propylene polymer |
| EP2829558B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2016-12-14 | Borealis AG | Process |
| ES2607378T3 (es) * | 2013-07-24 | 2017-03-31 | Borealis Ag | Proceso |
| ES2651456T3 (es) | 2013-08-14 | 2018-01-26 | Borealis Ag | Composición de propileno con mejor resistencia al impacto a baja temperatura |
| BR112016003128B1 (pt) | 2013-08-21 | 2021-08-24 | Borealis Ag | Composição de poliolefina de alto fluxo com alta rigidez e resistência e artigos automotivos |
| MX2016001705A (es) | 2013-08-21 | 2016-05-18 | Borealis Ag | Composicion de poliolefina de alto flujo con alta rigidez y tenacidad. |
| EP2853563B1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-06-15 | Borealis AG | Films suitable for BOPP processing from polymers with high XS and high Tm |
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| EP2865713B1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2016-04-20 | Borealis AG | Blow molded article based on bimodal random copolymer |
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| WO2015062936A1 (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-07 | Borealis Ag | Solid single site catalysts with high polymerisation activity |
| EA031527B1 (ru) | 2013-11-22 | 2019-01-31 | Бореалис Аг | Гомополимер пропилена с низкой эмиссией и с высокой скоростью течения расплава |
| WO2015082379A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-11 | Borealis Ag | Phthalate-free pp homopolymers for meltblown fibers |
| JP6203405B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 | 2017-09-27 | ボレアリス エージー | 剛性/靭性バランスが改良されたboppフィルム |
| US20160312018A1 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2016-10-27 | Borealis Ag | Process for producing propylene terpolymer |
| CN105829364B (zh) | 2014-01-17 | 2017-11-10 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 用于制备丙烯/1‑丁烯共聚物的方法 |
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| EP2933291A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-21 | Borealis AG | Propylene copolymer composition for pipe applications |
| ES2659731T3 (es) | 2014-05-20 | 2018-03-19 | Borealis Ag | Composición de polipropileno para aplicaciones en interiores de automóviles |
| PT3103818T (pt) | 2015-06-12 | 2018-10-19 | Borealis Ag | Processo e aparelho para polimerização de olefinas em fase gasosa |
| BR112017022651B1 (pt) | 2015-06-12 | 2021-11-16 | Borealis Ag | Processo para a preparação de composições de polímero de propileno |
| EP3184166A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-28 | Borealis AG | A method for withdrawing agglomerates from a fluidised bed reactor |
| EP3184167B8 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2022-03-30 | Borealis AG | A method for returning polymer to a fluidised bed reactor |
| WO2017178046A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Borealis Ag | Injection molded article based on propylene homopolymer |
| EP3241611B1 (en) | 2016-05-02 | 2020-03-04 | Borealis AG | A process for feeding a polymerisation catalyst |
| JP6961630B2 (ja) | 2016-07-12 | 2021-11-05 | ボレアリス エージー | 核形成ポリオレフィンの調製のための固体触媒 |
| US11292901B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2022-04-05 | Borealis Ag | Nucleated C3C4 copolymers and nucleated C3C4C2 terpolymers |
| WO2018210476A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2018-11-22 | Borealis Ag | Heterophasic polyolefin composition with excellent optical properties |
| EP3418309A1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2018-12-26 | Borealis AG | A method, an arrangement and use of an arrangement of preparing polymer |
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| CN109135067A (zh) | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-04 | 阿布扎比聚合物有限责任公司(博禄) | 用于制造高压管的聚丙烯组合物 |
| EP3483189A1 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-15 | Borealis AG | Automated method for terminating an olefin polymerization reaction under emergency conditions |
| EP3486261B1 (en) | 2017-11-17 | 2020-06-24 | Borealis AG | Method for improving the cooling capacity of a gas solids olefin polymerization reactor |
| ES2795985T3 (es) | 2017-11-17 | 2020-11-25 | Borealis Ag | Procedimiento de división del gas de fluidización de retorno en un reactor de polimerización de olefinas de gas sólidos |
| US11236214B2 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2022-02-01 | Borealis Ag | Nucleated C3C4 copolymers |
| PL3567061T3 (pl) | 2018-05-09 | 2024-02-26 | Borealis Ag | Kompozycja polipropylenowa dla rur |
| CN112135845B (zh) | 2018-06-14 | 2024-07-09 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 用于在具有改善的热均质性的气相反应器中聚合烯烃的方法 |
| EP3830140A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-06-09 | Borealis AG | Process for polymerizing ethylene in a multi-stage polymerization process |
| EP3856799A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2021-08-04 | Borealis AG | Propylene copolymer with excellent optical properties |
| EP3632677B2 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2025-03-19 | Borealis AG | Propylene 1-hexene copolymer |
| US12006426B2 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2024-06-11 | Borealis Ag | Propylene random copolymer for use in film applications |
| WO2020064190A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | Borealis Ag | Propylene copolymer composition with excellent optical and mechanical properties |
| WO2020064534A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | Borealis Ag | A multilayer film |
| ES2977491T3 (es) | 2018-11-23 | 2024-08-26 | Borealis Ag | Composición de polipropileno con propiedades ópticas y resistencia al blanqueamiento mejoradas |
| US20220177616A1 (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2022-06-09 | Borealis Ag | Process and reactor assembly for the enhancement of hydrodynamics in a gas-solids fluidized bed reactor |
| ES3035096T3 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2025-08-28 | Borealis Gmbh | Propylene composition for foaming with improved mechanical properties |
| EP3868793A1 (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-08-25 | Borealis AG | Process for producing alpha-olefin polymers in a multistage polymerization process |
| CN114380932B (zh) * | 2020-10-19 | 2024-03-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 软质聚丙烯及其制备方法 |
| JP7698718B2 (ja) | 2020-11-27 | 2025-06-25 | ボレアリス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 触媒供給システム |
| EP4008732A1 (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-08 | Borealis AG | Process for the production of polyolefin compositions in a multistage process |
| JP7654801B2 (ja) | 2021-01-22 | 2025-04-01 | ボレアリス エージー | 繊維強化ポリプロピレン組成物 |
| US20240191015A1 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-06-13 | Borealis Ag | Copolymer |
| EP4314096A2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-02-07 | Borealis AG | Process for producing heterophasic propylene resin |
| EP4166581A1 (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-19 | Borealis AG | Propylene composition for foaming with high melt flow rate |
| JP7755734B2 (ja) | 2021-10-14 | 2025-10-16 | ボレアリス ゲーエムベーハー | チーグラー・ナッタ触媒成分を形成するプロセス |
| EP4496822A1 (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2025-01-29 | Borealis AG | Glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composition |
| EP4257640B1 (en) | 2022-04-04 | 2024-08-28 | Borealis AG | Pipe comprising a polypropylene composition |
| ES3015219T3 (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2025-04-30 | Borealis Ag | Glass fiber composite |
| EP4389820A1 (en) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-26 | Borealis AG | Polypropylene random copolymer compositions with improved impact resistance for pipe applications |
| EP4570856A1 (en) | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-18 | Borealis AG | Polypropylene random copolymer compositions with improved impact resistance for pipe applications |
| WO2025252807A1 (en) | 2024-06-06 | 2025-12-11 | Borealis Gmbh | Polypropylene composition for automotive applications |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5865710A (ja) * | 1981-10-14 | 1983-04-19 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | ポリオレフインの製造法 |
| US4740550A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1988-04-26 | Shell Oil Company | Multistage copolymerization process |
| US4740551A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1988-04-26 | Shell Oil Company | Multistage copolymerization process |
| JP2782826B2 (ja) * | 1989-08-28 | 1998-08-06 | 三菱化学株式会社 | プロピレン―エチレンブロック共重合体の製造方法 |
| ES2142615T3 (es) * | 1995-10-10 | 2000-04-16 | Borealis As | Procedimiento para fabricar homopolimeros o copolimeros de propileno. |
-
1998
- 1998-06-24 WO PCT/FI1998/000554 patent/WO1998058976A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-06-24 JP JP50385499A patent/JP2002504954A/ja active Pending
- 1998-06-24 CN CNB988082896A patent/CN1140554C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-24 AU AU79211/98A patent/AU7921198A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-02-13 JP JP2008031270A patent/JP5072637B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1267311A (zh) | 2000-09-20 |
| JP2002504954A (ja) | 2002-02-12 |
| JP2008121028A (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
| WO1998058976A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
| AU7921198A (en) | 1999-01-04 |
| JP5072637B2 (ja) | 2012-11-14 |
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