CN114026990A

CN114026990A - Grinding wheel machine, application of grinding wheel machine and method for breaking dormancy of flemingia sprains seeds

Info

Publication number: CN114026990A
Application number: CN202111406186.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 施力军; 黄天述; 蒋妮; 候小利; 黄媛; 蒲祖宁; 吴庆华
Original assignee: Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants
Current assignee: Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants
Priority date: 2019-06-28
Filing date: 2019-06-28
Publication date: 2022-02-11
Also published as: CN110121977A

Abstract

The invention discloses a grinding wheel machine, application of the grinding wheel machine and a method for breaking dormancy of fleshy seeds, wherein the method for breaking dormancy of the fleshy seeds comprises the following steps: firstly, air-separating and screening flemingia vine seeds by a screen mesh, and then airing until the water content of the seeds is below 8%; step two, rubbing the surface of the dry seeds for 60 seconds by using a grinder at the rotating speed of 2840r/min to obtain the peeled seeds; and step three, removing seed coat ash from the broken seed, soaking the broken seed in water for 6 hours, soaking the broken seed in liquid fertilizer prepared by humic acid fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2 for 1 hour, and finally accelerating germination or sowing in the environment of 30 ℃ for 2 days to germinate. The method solves the technical problems of no germination or extremely low germination rate and irregular emergence of the flemingia vine seeds in the prior art through the primary treatment of the seeds and the peeling treatment of the sand turbine, can be widely used for large-scale planting of the flemingia vine, and has good market prospect.

Description

Grinding wheel machine, application of grinding wheel machine and method for breaking dormancy of flemingia sprains seeds

The application is a divisional application with application date of 2019, 28/06/78, application number of 201910571685.8 and invention name of 'method for breaking dormancy of flemingia philippinensis seeds'.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a grinding wheel machine, application of the grinding wheel machine and a method for breaking dormancy of flemingia philippinensis seeds.

Background

The Flemingia philippinensis is a leguminous plant, has a academic name of Moghaniaphilippinensis (Merr. et Rolfe) Li., and the medicinal part of the Flemingia philippinensis is root and is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei and other places. The flemingia philippinensis is sweet in taste, slightly astringent and neutral in nature, and has the effects of strengthening waist and kidney, dispelling wind and removing dampness, promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction, removing blood stasis and detoxifying and the like. The flemingia sprangletop is mainly used for treating symptoms such as rheumatic bone pain, lumbar muscle strain, chronic nephritis, traumatic injury, carbuncle swelling, hemiplegia, impotence, leukorrhagia of women and the like, and is widely used for the production of traditional Chinese medicines of gynecology, rheumatic arthralgia and the like, such as gynecological Qianjin tablets, Jinji granules, Jinji capsules, blood-enriching and menstruation-regulating tablet kidney-strengthening pills, collateral-activating and pain-relieving pills, compound sea snake tincture, compound contusion and brain atrophy pills and the like.

With the rapid development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the enhancement of human health consciousness and the continuous development of related products of tendril jack, the raw material requirements are continuously increased, and therefore, the artificial cultivation of the tendril jack is imperative. However, the flemingia sprangletop seed coat is impermeable and airtight, so that the seeds are always in a dormant state, do not germinate or have extremely low germination rate and irregular emergence under conventional conditions, and the growth consistency of the plant is seriously influenced. Therefore, breaking seed dormancy has become the primary task for large-scale development of planting vine philippine flemingia.

At present, mechanical damage treatment is a common method for breaking dormancy of seeds, and the mechanical damage treatment is generally to pour jack seeds into a closed grinding machine and rub the seed skin by using a grinding wheel so as to achieve the effect of breaking seed coats. However, this method of treating mechanical damage has the following problems: firstly, after a large amount of seeds are poured into the grinding wheel machine, the probability and time for contacting the seeds with the grinding wheel sheet are not uniform, and part of the seeds are not effectively and sufficiently rubbed, so that the effect of breaking the seed coats cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned deficiencies and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for breaking dormancy of Philippine flemingia root seeds, which can improve the germination rate of the seeds.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a grinder including: the device comprises a frame, a base and a clamping device, wherein a mounting platform is arranged on the frame; the grinding wheel is rotatably arranged in the cavity, the front surface and the back surface of the grinding wheel are friction surfaces and are respectively opposite to the inner walls of the left surface and the right surface of the machine case and are parallel to each other, a friction interval is formed between the friction surfaces and the inner walls, the distance between the friction intervals is 10-15 mm so as to allow seeds to enter the friction interval, a funnel-shaped storage bin used for loading the seeds is arranged above the machine case, the storage bin is communicated with the machine case so as to introduce the seeds into the friction interval, and a gate body is arranged at the joint of the storage bin and the machine case so as to control the seeds to enter the cavity; the lower part of the case is provided with a discharge port for discharging seeds in the friction area, and the discharge port is provided with a gate; a motor connected to the grinding wheel through a rotation shaft to drive the grinding wheel.

The invention provides an application of the grinder in breaking dormancy of fleshy seeds, which preferably comprises the following steps: during the use, in entering into the friction interval through the floodgate body control seed, the seed is arranged in the friction interval, then closes the floodgate body, and starting motor drive grinding wheel makes the seed discharge through the gate on the control machine case bin outlet to seed rubbing effect 60 ~ 90 seconds after the completion.

The invention provides a method for breaking dormancy of flemingia philippinensis seeds, which comprises the following steps:

step one, selection and pretreatment of seeds: taking the flemingia philippinensis seeds harvested in the current year, removing impurities by air separation and screening with a 8-12-mesh screen, and airing until the water content is below 8% to obtain dry seeds.

Step two, peeling treatment: rubbing the surface of the obtained dry seeds for 60-90 seconds at a rotating speed of 2840r/min by using a grinding wheel machine to break the seed coats of the flemingia philippinensis seeds to obtain broken seeds; the friction action time of 60-90 seconds can achieve a good seed coat breaking effect, improve the germination rate of seeds, and simultaneously avoid the seeds from being damaged due to excessive friction.

Step three, accelerating germination and sowing: removing seed coat ash generated by friction of the obtained broken seed, soaking the broken seed in water for 6-8 hours, soaking in liquid fertilizer prepared from humic acid fertilizer and water in a mass ratio of 1:2 for 1-2 hours, and finally accelerating germination or directly sowing in an environment at 30-35 ℃ for germination within 2 days. The water soaking can soften the seed coat and simultaneously lead the liquid fertilizer to penetrate into the seeds to promote the germination of the seeds.

Preferably, the diameter of the screen hole of the screen in the first step is 2.36 mm. The particle size of the flemingia philippinensis seeds is 2.8 millimeters, so that most impurities and unqualified seeds can be removed by setting the sieve pore diameter of 2.36 millimeters.

Preferably, in the method for breaking dormancy of the flemingia philippinensis seeds, the grinder comprises:

the device comprises a frame, a base and a clamping device, wherein a mounting platform is arranged on the frame;

the grinding wheel mechanism comprises a machine box, a cavity is arranged in the machine box, a grinding wheel is rotatably arranged in the cavity, the front surface and the back surface of the grinding wheel are friction surfaces and are opposite to and parallel to the inner walls of the left surface and the right surface of the machine box respectively, a friction interval is formed between the friction surfaces and the inner walls, the distance between the friction intervals is 10-15 mm, so that seeds can enter the friction intervals, the seeds can uniformly and equally receive friction action through rotation of the grinding wheel, the particle size of the seeds of the vine-shaped jack is 2.8 mm, the friction interval is set to be 10-15 mm, and the seeds continuously roll to receive friction when the grinding wheel rotates. A funnel-shaped feed bin for loading seeds is arranged above the case, the feed bin is communicated with the case to feed seeds into the friction areas on the left side and the right side of the grinding wheel, and a gate body is arranged at the joint of the feed bin and the case to control the seeds to enter the cavity; a discharge port is formed in the lower part or the side part of the case to discharge seeds in the friction area, and a gate is correspondingly arranged at the discharge port;

a motor connected to the grinding wheel through a rotation shaft to drive the grinding wheel, which can ensure that the seeds are completely rubbed by the grinding wheel at a rotation speed of 2840r/min, while avoiding the breakage of the seeds.

During the use, in entering into the friction interval through the floodgate body control seed, the seed is arranged in the friction interval, then closes the floodgate body, and starting motor drive grinding wheel makes the seed discharge through the gate on the control machine case bin outlet to seed rubbing effect 60 ~ 90 seconds after the completion.

Preferably, the time of the rubbing action in the second step is 60 seconds. The rubbing action for 60 seconds can reduce the breakage rate of the seeds and the germination rate of the seeds is high.

Preferably, in the third step, a dustpan is used for removing the seed coat ash.

Preferably, in the third step, the time for soaking in water is 6 hours, and the time for soaking in the liquid fertilizer is 1 hour; the temperature for germination or sowing was 30 ℃.

Preferably, after the water soaking, a seed coat dissolving operation is required, and the seed coat dissolving operation comprises:

dissolving 3-4 g of cellulase in 1L of water, then adjusting the pH to 5-5.5 by using citric acid to obtain a cellulose dissolving solution, and heating the cellulose dissolving solution to 40-45 ℃;

and soaking the water-soaked broken-skin seeds for 10-20 seconds by using the cellulose dissolving solution, and then washing the seeds clean by water.

After the water soaking is finished, water enters the interior of the seeds to wrap and protect the embryo body in the seed skin, so that the cellulose dissolving liquid is prevented from permeating the interior of the seeds to damage the embryo body; and meanwhile, the cellulose dissolving solution is used for soaking for 10-20 seconds to dissolve part of the cellulose on the seed coat, so that the bud is easy to break the shell, and the germination rate is improved.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

the method solves the technical problems of non-germination or extremely low germination rate and irregular emergence of the flemingia vine seeds in the prior art through selection and primary treatment of the seeds, bark breaking treatment by a grinder, germination acceleration and sowing, can be widely used for large-scale planting of the flemingia vine, and has good market prospect.

According to the grinder, the front surface and the back surface of a grinding wheel are both friction surfaces aiming at the characteristics that the grain diameter of seeds of the vine jack is 2.8 mm and the thickness of the seed coat is about 0.27 mm, the front surface and the back surface of the grinding wheel are arranged opposite to the left inner wall and the right inner wall of a case, a friction interval is formed between the friction surfaces and the inner walls, the interval between the friction intervals is 5-10 mm so as to allow the seeds to enter the friction interval, and the seeds roll continuously in the friction interval under the rotation action of the grinding wheel, so that the seeds uniformly and equally receive the friction action of the grinding wheel, and the condition of uneven friction is avoided.

According to the method, firstly, the seeds after the skin breaking are soaked by water, the moisture enters the interior of the seeds to wrap and protect the embryo, and then the seeds are soaked for 10-20 seconds by using the cellulase, so that the cellulose on part of the seed coats can be dissolved, the bud is easy to break, the germination rate is improved, and the cellulase can be prevented from entering the interior of the seeds to damage the embryo.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a grinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the enclosure of the present invention;

wherein, 1 is the frame, 2 is the quick-witted case, 3 is the emery wheel piece, 4 is the inner wall, 5 is the friction interval, 6 is the seed, 7 is the feed bin, 8 is the floodgate body, 9 is the bin outlet, 10 is the gate, 11 is the motor.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the grinder includes:

the frame 1 is provided with a mounting platform.

The machine case 2, it is installed on the frame 1, the cavity has in the machine case 2, the rotatable grinding wheel piece 3 that is provided with in the cavity, the two sides are the friction surface for 3 positive and negative of grinding wheel, with the right and left two sides inner wall 4 of machine case 2 is just relative, the friction surface with form the friction interval 5 between the inner wall 4, the interval 10 ~ 15 millimeters of friction interval 5 is in order to allow the seed to get into friction interval 5 to 6 rolling friction effects of evenly equally receiving the friction surface of grinding wheel piece 3 of seed, 6 particle diameters of seed of climing very high are 2.8 millimeters, set up the friction interval and can let the seed 5 rolling friction at friction interval for 10 ~ 15 millimeters. A funnel-shaped feed bin 7 for loading seeds is arranged above the case 2, the feed bin 7 is communicated with the case 2 to feed seeds into the friction interval 5 on the left and right of the grinding wheel, and a gate body 8 is arranged at the joint of the feed bin 7 and the case 2 to control the seeds 6 to enter the friction interval; the lower part of the machine case 2 is provided with a discharge opening 9 for discharging seeds in the friction area 5, and the discharge opening 9 is correspondingly provided with a gate 10.

A motor 11 connected to the grinding wheel 3 through a rotation shaft to drive the grinding wheel 3.

During the use, in the interval 5 that enters into friction through floodgate body 8 control seed 6, the seed is at 5 internal monolayers of friction intervals, then closes floodgate body 8, and starting motor drive emery wheel 3 makes the seed discharge through gate 10 on the control machine case bin outlet 9 to seed rubbing effect 60 ~ 90 seconds after the completion.

Example 1

A method for breaking dormancy of flemingia philippinensis seeds comprises the following steps:

step one, selection and pretreatment of seeds: taking the ripe flemingia philippinensis seeds harvested in the current year, removing impurities by air separation and 8-mesh screen screening, and airing until the water content is below 12% to obtain dry seeds.

Step two, peeling treatment: the obtained dried seeds were subjected to surface rubbing using a grinder at a rotation speed of 2840r/min for 60 seconds to break the seed coat of the flemingia philippinensis seeds to obtain peeled seeds.

Step three, accelerating germination and sowing: removing seed coat ash generated by friction from the obtained skin-broken seeds by using a dustpan, soaking the skin-broken seeds for 6 hours by using water, soaking the skin-broken seeds for 1 hour by using a liquid fertilizer prepared by humic acid fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, and finally accelerating germination or directly sowing in an environment at 30 ℃ for germination within 2 days.

Example 2

step one, selection and pretreatment of seeds: taking the ripe flemingia philippinensis seeds harvested in the current year, removing impurities by air separation and screening with a 12-mesh screen, and airing until the water content is below 12% to obtain dry seeds.

Step two, peeling treatment: the obtained dried seeds were subjected to surface rubbing using a grinder at a rotation speed of 2840r/min for 90 seconds to break the seed coats of the flemingia philippinensis seeds to obtain peeled seeds.

Step three, accelerating germination and sowing: removing seed coat ash generated by friction from the obtained skin-broken seeds by using a dustpan, soaking the skin-broken seeds for 7 hours by using water, soaking the skin-broken seeds for 2 hours by using a liquid fertilizer prepared by humic acid fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, and finally accelerating germination or directly sowing in an environment of 35 ℃ to germinate within 2 days.

Example 3

Step two, peeling treatment: the obtained dry seeds were subjected to surface friction for 60 seconds at a rotational speed of 2840r/min using a grinder of the present invention to break the seed coats of the flemingia philippinensis seeds to obtain the peeled seeds.

Step three, accelerating germination and sowing: removing seed coat ash generated by friction of the obtained broken seed by using a dustpan, and then soaking the broken seed for 8 hours by using water to perform seed coat dissolving operation, wherein the seed coat dissolving operation comprises the following steps: dissolving 3-4 g of cellulase in 1L of water, then adjusting the pH to 5-5.5 by using citric acid to obtain a cellulose dissolving solution, and heating the cellulose dissolving solution to 40 ℃; soaking the water-soaked broken skin seeds in the cellulose dissolving solution for 10 seconds, and then washing the seeds clean with water. And soaking the seeds in a liquid fertilizer prepared from a humic acid fertilizer and water in a mass ratio of 1:2 for 1-2 hours, and finally accelerating germination or directly sowing the seeds in an environment at 30 ℃ to germinate within 2 days.

Comparative analysis of experiments

Test 1

The effect of different treatment times using the grinder of the present invention on the sprouting of vine jack seeds was determined by repeating test 1 for 5 different treatment times of T1-0 s, T2-30 s, T3-60 s, T4-90 s, T5-120 s, 3 times as shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Effect of different treatment times of the grinder on vine jack seeds

As shown in table 1 above, the damage rate of the vine jack seeds is T5> T4> T3> T2> T1 at different processing times of the grinder, and by multiple comparisons of an LSD test method (least significant difference method), significant differences are achieved among T5, T4, T3, and T2 at a level of 0.05, and the difference between T2 and T1 is not significant; at the 0.01 level, there were very significant differences among T5, T4, T3, and no significant differences among T3, T2, T1. Indicating that the breakage rate is higher as the treatment time increases.

The germination rate sorting size sequence is T3> T4> T5> T2> T1, multiple comparisons are carried out by an LSD test method, and at the level of 0.05, the differences among T3, T4 and T5 are not significant, the differences between T4 and T2 are significant, and the differences between T2 and T1 are significant; at the 0.01 level, the differences between T3, T4, T5, T2 were not significant, and the differences between T2 and T1 were significant.

The germination index sorting size sequence is T4> T3> T5> T2> T1, multiple comparisons are carried out by an LSD test method, and at the level of 0.05, the differences among T3, T4 and T5 are not significant, the differences between T5 and T2 are significant, and the differences between T2 and T1 are significant; at the 0.01 level, the differences between T3, T4, T5 were not significant, between T5 and T2, and between T2 and T1.

The germination rate and germination index of the treated seeds are greatly improved according to the damage degree, germination rate and germination index of the treated seeds, and the damage degree of the seeds is considered, the damage rate of the seeds is greatly increased after the treatment time reaches a certain degree, and on the contrary, the germination rate of the seeds is also reduced, so that the optimal termination treatment time is 60 s.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A grinder, characterized in that the grinder comprises:

the grinding wheel is rotatably arranged in the cavity, the front surface and the back surface of the grinding wheel are friction surfaces and are respectively opposite to the inner walls of the left surface and the right surface of the machine case and are parallel to each other, a friction interval is formed between the friction surfaces and the inner walls, the distance between the friction intervals is 10-15 mm so as to allow seeds to enter the friction interval, a funnel-shaped storage bin used for loading the seeds is arranged above the machine case, the storage bin is communicated with the machine case so as to introduce the seeds into the friction interval, and a gate body is arranged at the joint of the storage bin and the machine case so as to control the seeds to enter the cavity; the lower part of the case is provided with a discharge port for discharging seeds in the friction area, and the discharge port is provided with a gate;

a motor connected to the grinding wheel through a rotation shaft to drive the grinding wheel.

2. Use of the grinder of claim 1 for breaking the dormancy of vine jack seeds, preferably comprising the steps of: during the use, in entering into the friction interval through the floodgate body control seed, the seed is arranged in the friction interval, then closes the floodgate body, and starting motor drive grinding wheel makes the seed discharge through the gate on the control machine case bin outlet to seed rubbing effect 60 ~ 90 seconds after the completion.

3. A method for breaking dormancy of flemingia philippinensis seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, selection and pretreatment of seeds: taking the flemingia philippinensis seeds harvested in the current year, removing impurities by air separation and screening with a 8-12-mesh screen, and airing until the water content is below 8% to obtain dry seeds;

step two, peeling treatment: rubbing the surface of the obtained dry seeds for 60-90 seconds at a rotating speed of 2840r/min by using a grinding wheel machine to break the seed coats of the flemingia philippinensis seeds to obtain broken seeds;

step three, accelerating germination and sowing: removing seed coat ash generated by friction of the obtained broken seed, soaking the broken seed in water for 6-8 hours, soaking in liquid fertilizer prepared from humic acid fertilizer and water in a mass ratio of 1:2 for 1-2 hours, and finally accelerating germination or directly sowing in an environment at 30-35 ℃ for germination within 2 days.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the screen mesh diameter of step one is 2.36 mm.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the time of the rubbing in the second step is 60 seconds.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein in step three, a dustpan is used to remove the seed coat ash.

7. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the third step, the time for soaking in water is 6 hours, and the time for soaking in liquid fertilizer is 1 hour; the temperature for germination or sowing was 30 ℃.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein after the water soaking, a seed coat dissolving operation is performed, the seed coat dissolving operation comprising: