JPH11243894A - Skin peeler for soaked soybean - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a skin peeler for soaked soybean that can easily and stead ily peel the soybean seed skin without damage to seed leaves with workability and operability increased by allowing a hot water conduit to intervene between the soybean soaker and the skin-peeling and hypocotyl-removing machine. SOLUTION: In the machine in which soybeans swollen by soaking in water are peeled their skin, removed their hypocotyls to collect complete soybean seed leaves, a hot water conduit is allowed to intervene between the soybean soaker and the skin-peeling and hypocotyls-removing machine, for example, a skin peeler comprising a rotary drum 6 and a surface-roughened elastomer. The time for soybeans to pass through the conduit is preferably <=1 minute.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soaked soybean moulting apparatus for easily and surely moulting without damaging cotyledons in the process of moulting and germinating hypocotyls of soaked soybeans.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The present applicant has disclosed a technique of removing a soybean soaked in a soybean and decotyling the soybean to obtain cotyledons having a perfect shape without damage, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-313150 and Japanese Patent Application No. 8-201.
No. 015, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-304169, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-65
575 and Japanese Patent Application No. 9-106850. That is, by supplying swollen soybeans between the elastic body and the rotating hard material, the soybeans are sufficiently swollen by applying twisting stress to the soybeans from both sides, and water is present between the cotyledon and the seed coat. It is easy to molt.

[0003]

However, as a result of actually operating a machine to which the above-mentioned technology is applied, there is a portion still firmly bonded between the seed coat and the cotyledon only by immersing soybeans in water. When passed through the molting machine, not only is molting difficult, but also damaged cotyledons are mixed. The swelling time of soybean is affected by water temperature and is considered to be 8 to 10 hours in summer and 15 to 20 hours in winter.
The immersion time can be shortened by increasing the immersion water temperature. However, in this case, there is a problem of temperature control, and there is a possibility that the microorganisms may grow further. The present invention provides an apparatus for performing wet dehulling of soybeans more reliably.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for moulting and decotyling soybeans which have been swollen by immersion in water to remove cotyledons by immersion and germinal hypocotyl. And a hot water passing device for passing hot water of 60 ° C. or less within a period of 1 minute or less.

[0005] That is, in the present invention, when soybean is simply immersed in water, there is still a part firmly bound between the seed coat and cotyledon, and the moulting efficiency is not sufficient. It was completed by finding that by passing for a short time of not more than a minute, the seed coat becomes much easier to molt and cotyledons without damage can be obtained.

In moulting soybeans swollen with water,
Keeping an interval that allows the swollen soybean to barely pass between the elastic material and the hard material, and allowing the swollen soybean to pass between the two types of moulting blocks,
Alternatively, the soybean that has been swollen is supplied to the upper portion while maintaining an interval allowing only the seed coat to pass. As a result, a twist stress is applied to the epidermis on both sides of the soybean body, and the swollen soybean seed coat containing moisture between the soybean cotyledons and the seed coat is easily peeled off by the twist stress. In the present invention, swollen soybeans are shed using a machine utilizing this principle to obtain cotyledons protected by cotyledon epidermis.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a flow sheet of a process for producing soymilk consisting only of cotyledons using the present invention. In the immersion apparatus, soybeans are immersed in water, but swell 2.2 to 2.4 times more quickly in winter than in winter because the water temperature is high. In order to shorten the swelling time, the temperature of the water may be raised. However, at an excessively high temperature, the temperature is 30 ° C. or less, preferably 20 ° C. or less, because bacteria grow too much.

[0008] The swollen soybeans are passed through the hot water passing device of the present invention. The temperature of hot water is 60 ° C. or less, preferably 50 ° C.
It is below ° C. If the temperature exceeds 60 ° C., protein denaturation occurs even for a short time. Hot water passage time is 1 minute or less, 5 to 6 seconds at around 60 ° C, 10 seconds at 55 ° C, 50 ° C
20 to 30 seconds. By passing hot water for a very short time, the dehulling efficiency in the subsequent steps is significantly improved. The moulting device and the separating device will be described later. The cotyledons from which the seed coat and hypocotyl have been removed are transferred to a cooking pot by a constant amount by a cotyledon quantitative transfer device, and then transferred to a grinder through a heating process. Grinding is carried out in a grinding machine in a conventional manner, and then separated into cotyledon soymilk and cotyledon okara by a squeezer.

Hereinafter, an example of the peeling device will be described.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of soybean, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a moulting block composed of a rotating drum and an elastic uneven body, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a moulting block in which high-speed rotating rods and low-speed rotating rods are alternately arranged, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the skin is unhulled.

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of soybean. 1 is a cotyledon, and the cotyledon 1 is covered with a seed coat 2. 3 is a navel,
The seed coat 2 is fixed to the cotyledons by the bellows 3. Numeral 4 is a hypocotyl that germinates and becomes a root, and numeral 5 is an embryo that germinates and forms leaves and aerial parts. When soybean is immersed in water, the water is filled between the cotyledon 1 and the seed coat 2, water is absorbed from the hypocotyl 4 according to the water absorption mechanism of the plant, and penetrates into the cotyledon tissue via the embryo 5. Many germs are attached to the seed coat, but when absorbed according to this mechanism, the germs cannot enter the cotyledon. That is, the cotyledons taken out of raw soybeans without water absorption and having no damage are extremely low in germs. When water is absorbed, the hypocotyl is in a state of rising from the cotyledon. In the present invention, the hypocotyl and embryo are collectively referred to as hypocotyl 4 for convenience.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 6 denotes a rotating drum, which is rotated at 30 to 100 rpm by a rotating drum rotating shaft 7 driven by a motor (not shown) in the direction of the arrow in FIG. At least the surface needs to be made of metal, and a metal that is rustproof and harmless to the human body, such as stainless steel, is preferable because water is constantly present. On the outer peripheral surface, peaks 8 and valleys 9 are provided alternately in parallel with the rotary shaft 7 for the rotary drum, and have an accordion-like appearance as a whole.

Reference numeral 10 denotes an elastic uneven body, which may be an elastic body in which concave portions and convex portions are provided in stripes in the vertical direction. In FIG. 3, a plurality of composite pipes 11 each having a metal rod penetrated inside a rubber tube are closely fixed in parallel between an upper fixing plate 12 and a lower fixing plate 13. The inner circumference of the rubber tube is much larger than the outer circumference of the metal rod, so that the inner circumference of the rubber tube has a wide gap between the metal rod and the outer circumference. The rubber tube may be made of any material having elasticity. It is an environment where food is handled and a large amount of moisture is present.
Synthetic rubber such as BR, SR, IR, CR, silicone rubber or natural rubber is used. As the metal rod, ordinary steel or copper alloy can be used, but stainless steel is preferable in terms of durability and workability.

In fixing the composite pipe 11, it is sufficient that upper and lower fixing plates exist. The upper and lower fixing plates may be fixed above and below the rear plate, may be fixed above and below the side plate, or may extend from other members as long as the fixing plate is fixed firmly. A through-hole or a slot is provided in the fixing portion of the composite pipe 11 of the fixing plate. In FIG.
The upper fixing plate 12 was provided with a through hole, and the lower fixing plate 13 was provided with a slot. Upper fixed plate 12 or lower fixed plate 13
Is a structure that can be detached or rotated to expose the upper or lower surface of the composite pipe 11. For example, there is a method in which a rotatable hinge 14 is provided at one end of the upper fixing plate 12, preferably on the side opposite to the rotary drum 6.

Forming a circular arc portion 15 concentric with the outer periphery of the rotary drum 6 while leaving a gap through which swollen seeds can pass through the composite pipe 11 increases the shedding area and is efficient. A concave portion 16 is formed in a contact surface between the composite pipe 11 and the composite pipe 11, and a convex portion 1 is formed in a portion away from both contact surfaces.
7 is formed.

The swollen seeds supplied from the seed input port enter the valley 9 or the concave portion 16 and
And the clearance formed by the elastic uneven body 10. When passing through the clearance, the pressed seeds have elasticity and also penetrate into a rubber material having a clearance on the lower surface, and are rubbed against the crests 8 of the rotating drum 6 in a temporarily fixed state to continuously peel. And fall from under the clearance.

As a separating device, the cotyledon and the seed coat can be separated using a normal wind separator because of their different weights. However, the moulting machine shown in FIG. At the same time, it has the function of separating cotyledons from seed coat, hypocotyl and excess water. In the moulting machine shown in FIG. 4, the moulting block comprises a high-speed rotating rod 20 and a low-speed rotating rod 21 which are alternately arranged in parallel and rotate in the same direction. At least the surface of the low-speed rotating rod 21 is a hard and corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel. At least the surface of the high-speed rotating rod 20 is covered with a rubber material. The high-speed rotating rods 20 and the low-speed rotating rods 21 are arranged alternately with their circumferential surfaces close to each other while maintaining a gap through which at least the seed coat can pass. The direction projection 22 is provided on the outer periphery in the axial direction.

The circumferential speed of the high-speed rotating rod 20 is
It is 3 to 15 times, preferably 4 to 10 times the peripheral speed of 1. Further, the low-speed rotating rod and the high-speed rotating rod do not necessarily have to have the same diameter. The projection 22 may be a simple mountain or a projection having an inclined angle. Adjustment is made so that the seed coat passes even when the projection 22 of the high-speed rotating rod 20 exists between the low-speed rotating rod 21 and the high-speed rotating rod 20. The number of the protruding portions 22 is not limited, and may be two, three, four or more. By providing the projections 22, the corners of the projections hit the seeds, and not only the efficiency of removing the seed coat was improved, but also the hypocotyl was successfully removed.

Since the peripheral speeds of the low-speed rotating rod 21 and the high-speed rotating rod 20 are extremely different, the high-speed rotating rod 20 and the low-speed rotating rod 2
The difference in peripheral speed from 1 is applied as twisting stress. As a result, the seed coat is torn and falls from the gap between the low-speed rotating rod and the high-speed rotating rod. The remaining cotyledons are transported by a number of rotating rods rotating at the same speed but at different speeds, and fall and separate from the ends. By using a large number of high-speed rotating rods 20 and low-speed rotating rods 21 alternately, even if the seeds are not molted for the first time, the opportunity to molt one after another is given, so that the molting probability is improved.

Reference numerals 23 denote connecting bearings provided at both ends of the rotating rod for integrally supporting the rotating rods. A coaxial double sprocket 24 composed of an outer sprocket 24a and an inner sprocket 24b is provided outside the end of one of the connection bearings 23. The outer sprocket 24a and the motor sprocket 2 driven by the first motor 25 are provided.
6, the chain is suspended, and the rotational force of the motor is also transmitted to the inner sprocket 24b. Since the end of the rotating shaft of the high-speed rotating rod 20 penetrates the connecting bearing 23 and is arranged as a high-speed rotating rod sprocket 27 on the outer surface of the connecting bearing, the inner sprocket 24b and all the high-speed rotating rod sprockets 27 are chained. , All the high-speed rotating rods 20 rotate at the same speed. The rotation speed can be adjusted arbitrarily.

Similarly, a second double sprocket 28 composed of an outer sprocket 28a and an inner sprocket 28b is provided outside the end of the other connecting bearing 23, and is driven by the outer sprocket 28a and the second motor 29. The chain is suspended on the driven motor sprocket 30, and the rotational force of the motor is reduced by the inner sprocket 28b.
Is also transmitted to Since the end of the rotating shaft of the low-speed rotating rod 21 passes through the other connecting bearing 23 and is arranged as a low-speed rotating rod sprocket 31 on the outer surface of the connecting bearing, the inner sprocket 28b and all the low-speed rotating rod sprockets 31 are arranged. All low-speed rotating rods 21 rotate at the same speed. The rotation speed can be adjusted arbitrarily. The end of the high-speed rotating bar 20 that is not connected to the high-speed rotating bar sprocket 27 ensures smooth rotation in the other connecting bearing 23 by means of a bearing.
Similarly, the low-speed rotating rod sprocket 3 of the low-speed rotating rod 21
The end that is not connected to 1 is guaranteed smooth rotation by a bearing in one of the connection bearings 23.

With the above configuration, the first motor 2
When 5 rotates, the high-speed rotating rod sprocket 27 rotates all the high-speed rotating rods 20 at the same speed, and the low-speed rotating rod 21 is not affected at all. On the other hand, the second motor 29
Rotates, the low-speed rotating rod sprocket 31 rotates all the low-speed rotating rods 21 at the same speed, and the high-speed rotating rod 2
0 is not affected at all. In FIG. 4, a chain and a sprocket are used as the rotation transmitting means. Alternatively, a belt, a pulley, a gear, and the like can be used.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which the seed coat 2 and the hypocotyl 4 of the soybean 32 are peeled off by applying a twisting stress to the opposite part of the seed and fall. 33 is a rotation axis.

[0023]

EXAMPLE In this example, a rotary drum 6 made of stainless steel and having a maximum diameter of 264 mm and an effective length of 550 mm was used. The radius of the cross section of the ridge 8 was 5 mm, the interval between the ridges 8 was 14 mm, and the valley 9 was provided with a flat portion of 4 mm. That is, the shape was such that a relatively large space was secured in the valley portion 9. On one side of the rotating drum 6, an elastic concavo-convex body 10 having an arc portion 15 having an arc surface having the same central axis as that of the rotating drum is provided over a quarter of the outer periphery of the rotating drum via an appropriate clearance. Was. The elastic concavo-convex body 10 was arranged in such a manner that a composite rod 11 in which a metal rod made of stainless steel and having a diameter of 2 to 3 mm was passed through a rubber tube having an outer diameter of 13 mm and a thickness of 2 to 3 mm was brought into contact with each other in a single row. Therefore, a sufficiently large gap remained in the rubber tube.

In arranging, as shown in FIG. 3, a frame having upper and lower fixing plates is provided, and a hinge 14 is provided on only the upper fixing plate 12 on the opposite side of the rotary drum 6 so as to be rotatable. . Numeral 34 is a nut for further fixing a metal rod that has passed through a through hole provided in the upper fixing plate 12. As a result, the arc portion 15 was a portion in which the convex portions 17 and the concave portions 16 were alternately arranged in the vertical direction, and the swollen seeds were rubbed by the rotating drum 6 and moulted.

When the rubber is worn, the durability of the rubber tube can be extended by simply rotating the rubber tube around the metal bar and exposing a new surface of the rubber tube to an arc portion. If the entire surface of the rubber tube is worn,
The upper fixing plate 12 may be rotated and opened, and a metal rod may be inserted into a new rubber tube. In this case, only the necessary rubber tube can be replaced arbitrarily. In this embodiment, the rotating drum 6 was rotated at 56 rpm.

Six soybeans (360 kg) were immersed in sufficient water at room temperature for 14 hours. The soybean swelled to about 2.3 times the weight. At the same time, the number of germs in water increased between soybean cotyledons and seed coats at room temperature and in the presence of sufficient water and nutrients. The soybean after the immersion step was treated with a hot water passing device. That is, it passed through hot water at 55 ° C. for 10 seconds.
By only performing this treatment, the dehulling efficiency of the immersed soybean was significantly improved. When this water-swelled soybean was supplied to the dehulling machine shown in FIG. 3, the soybean was completely shed when passing through the clearance formed by the rotating drum 6 and the elastic uneven body 10, and the seed coat and cotyledons fell. The time required to process six soy bales was one hour. Fragmented cotyledons were scarcely present.

Next, the cells were passed through the molting, hypocotyl and cotyledon separation devices shown in FIG. The seed coat, hypocotyl and excess water fell below the high-speed rotating rod 20 and the low-speed rotating rod 21, and only cotyledons fell from the end of the rotating rod. That is, the seed coat and hypocotyl were separated from the cotyledon. The cotyledons were transferred to a grinder by a cotyledon fixed quantity transfer device, and the resulting kure was heated in a cooking pot. Subsequently, the mixture was separated into okara and cotyledon soymilk by a squeezing machine. Using this cotyledon soymilk, 2300 cotton tofu and 2700 cotton tofu containing no seed coat and hypocotyl by a conventional method.
Ding is obtained. Moreover, the obtained cotyledon okara was white because it did not have a horn. It could be reused as a food material, for example, by blending it in cheese gratin or the like, mixing it with croquettes, or solidifying and frying. In the cotyledon tofu produced according to the present invention, as a result of analysis, no saponin, isoflavonoid glycoside or aglycone thereof was detected.

[0028]

According to the present invention in which the soybean is passed through the hot water passing device after water swelling, the moulting efficiency of the soybean by the wet moulting method is improved, and the damage rate of the obtained cotyledons is also reduced. Furthermore, in the tofu obtained according to the present invention, no saponin, isoflavonoid glycoside and its aglycone were detected.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of a process for producing soymilk consisting only of cotyledons using the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a soybean.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a peeling block including a rotating drum and an elastic uneven body.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a moulting block in which high-speed rotating rods and low-speed rotating rods are alternately arranged.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the skin of FIG. 4 has been removed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cotyledon 2 Seedling 3 Navel 4 Hypocotyl 5 Germ 6 Rotating drum 7 Rotating shaft for rotating drum 8 Crest 9 Valley 10 Elastic uneven body 11 Composite pipe 12 Fixed plate 13 Upper fixed plate 14 Hinge 15 Arc part 16 Concave part 17 Convex part 20 High-speed rotating rod 21 Low-speed rotating rod 22 Projecting part 23 Connecting bearing 24, 28 Double sprocket 24a, 28a Outer sprocket 25 First motor 26, 30 Motor sprocket 27 Sprocket for high-speed rotating rod 24b, 28b Inner sprocket 29 Second motor 31 Low-speed rotating rod sprocket 32 Soybean 33 Rotating shaft 34 Nut

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An apparatus for removing cotyledons by soaking and decotyling soybeans swollen by immersion in water to remove cotyledons, and passing hot water between the dipping apparatus and the dehulling and decotyling apparatus. An immersed soybean moulting device characterized by interposing a device. 2. The apparatus for dehulling soaked soybean according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hot water in the hot water passing device is 60 ° C. or less. 3. The peeling apparatus for soaked soybean according to claim 1, wherein the hot water passage time is 1 minute or less.