JPH11164678A - Apparatus for separating seed leaf, hypocotyl and seed coat - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for separating seed leaves, hypocotyls and seed skins, capable of separating the seed skins and the hypocotyls from swelled soybeans without damaging the seed leaves, capable of efficiently separating the mixture of the hypocotyls and the seed skins obtained from the step into the hypocotyls and the seed skins to utilize the hypocotyls and the seed skins. SOLUTION: This apparatus for separating seed leaves, hypocotyls and seed skins has a separator for separating the seed skins and the hypocotyls from the seed leaves by removing the seed skins from swelled soybeans and further removing the hypocotyls from the remaining seed leaves, and a vibrating screening machine for separating and taking out the hypocotyls 4 and the seed skins 2 by allowing the hypocotyls 4 and the seed skins 2 discharged from the separator to pass two kinds of vibrating screens. The vibrating screening machine has at least two upper and lower screens in which the aperture of the upper screen is larger than that of the lower screen, an opening for feeding a mixture of the hypocotyls 4 and seed skins 2 with water, installed at the upper part, a seed coat-discharging opening 8 formed at the upper part of the upper screen, a hypocotyl-discharging opening 10 formed at the upper part of the lower screen, a water-discharging opening 13 formed at the lower part of the water-receiving room 12 installed at the under part of the lowest screen, and further a member for vibrating the whose screen by changing a rotation of a motor into the vibration.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating a mixture of hypocotyl, seed coat and water generated when moulting is separated by wet moulting and separating cotyledons into hypocotyl, seed coat and water, respectively.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The applicant of the present invention has disclosed a technique in which swollen soybeans are molted and dehypocotyled, and cotyledons having a perfect shape without damage are obtained in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 8-157466 and 8-20101.
5, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-304169, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-6557
No. 5 and Japanese Patent Application No. 9-106850.
That is, by supplying swollen soybean between the elastic body and the rotating hard material, the soybean which is sufficiently swollen by applying twisting stress to the soybean from both sides, and in which water is present between the cotyledon and the seed coat. It is moulting.

[0003]

The tofu using the cotyledons obtained by the above technique is excellent in both taste and shelf life. However, during cotyledon separation, the hypocotyl and seed coat are excreted in a mixed state. The hypocotyl impairs the taste of saponins and isoflavonoids, but contains many pharmacologically effective substances and is valuable as a raw material for pharmaceuticals. Therefore, by separating the excreted hypocotyl, seed coat and water mixture into hypocotyl and seed coat, only the hypocotyl is taken out and dried to be a valuable material as a pharmaceutical raw material, and the seed coat is dried by using seed coat. And reduce the cost of transportation and reuse it for livestock feed and other uses.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The constitution of the present invention comprises a separator for dehulling swollen soybeans, de-hypocotyling and separating seed coat and hypocotyl from cotyledons, and a hypocotyl discharged from the separator. It consists of a vibrating sieve that separates and extracts the hypocotyl and the seed coat by passing the seed coat through at least two types of vibrating sieves with different openings. It has a large at least two-stage sieve, a supply port for a mixture of hypocotyl, seed coat and water at the top, a seed coat outlet above the upper sieve, and a hypocotyl outlet above the lower sieve. A water discharge port is provided below a water receiving chamber provided below the lowermost sieve, and a member that changes the rotation of a motor into vibration to vibrate all sieves is provided. The separator is composed of two types of rotating rods arranged alternately and rotating in the same direction at different speeds, a large number of low-speed rotating rods made of a hard material and a surface made of a rubber material, and at least one row protruding in the centrifugal direction. A number of high-speed rotating rods provided with ridges in the axial direction are arranged in parallel with each other with their rotation axes parallel to each other, keeping a gap through which the hypocotyl and seed coat can pass and cotyledons cannot pass.

That is, the present invention has completed a technique of dehulling soybeans in a swollen state and decotyling the soybean. In this technique, a mixture of the hypocotyl and cotyledon discharged is separated into hypocotyl and cotyledon, respectively. Technology that can be used effectively. When separating the hypocotyl and the seed coat, use a vibrating sieve to separate and discharge the seed coat with the top vibrating wire mesh, separate and extract the hypocotyl with the next vibrating wire mesh, and finally separate the free water It is.

In moulting soybeans swollen with water,
A material having elasticity and a hard material are held at an interval that allows the swollen soybean to barely pass therebetween, and the swollen soybean can be passed between the two types of members, or the interval at which only the seed coat can pass. Keep and hold and supply swollen soy on top. As a result, twisting stress is applied to the epidermis on both sides of the soybean body, and the swollen soybean seed coat containing moisture between the soybean cotyledons and the seed coat is easily broken and peeled by the twisting stress. In addition, the hypocotyl is removed by allowing the protruding ridge to lift the hypocotyl by passing between two rotating bodies having ridges on one outer periphery and having different rotation speeds. In the present invention, swollen soybeans are molted using a machine utilizing this principle, and cotyledons protected by cotyledon epidermis are separated.

[0007]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a soybean. 1
Is cotyledon, and cotyledon 1 is covered with seed coat 2. Reference numeral 3 denotes a navel, and the seed coat 2 is fixed to cotyledons by the navel 3. 4
Is a hypocotyl that germinates to become a root, and 5 is an embryo that germinates to form leaves and aerial parts. When soybean is immersed in water, the water is filled between the cotyledon 1 and the seed coat 2 and is absorbed from the hypocotyl 4 according to the water absorption mechanism of the plant, and penetrates from the embryo 5 into the cotyledon tissue. Many germs are attached to the seed coat, but when absorbed according to this mechanism, the germs cannot enter the cotyledon. In other words, cotyledons taken out of raw soybeans without water absorption and damage are extremely low in germs. The hypocotyl is in a state of being lifted from the cotyledon when water is absorbed. In the present invention, the hypocotyl and embryo are collectively referred to as hypocotyl 4 for convenience.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a vibrating sieve showing an example of the present invention showing a cross section in the left half and a side in the right half.
Reference numeral 6 denotes an inlet, into which a mixture of hypocotyl, seed coat and water discharged from a separator described later is injected. Reference numeral 7 denotes a wire mesh for a seed coat, which is an opening that passes through the hypocotyl and does not pass through the seed coat. The seed coat remaining on the seed coat wire mesh 7 is discharged from the seed coat outlet 8. Reference numeral 9 denotes a hypocotyl wire mesh, which is a small opening that does not pass through the hypocotyl. The hypocotyl remaining on the hypocotyl wire mesh 9 is discharged from the hypocotyl outlet 10. The seed mesh 7 and the hypocotyl 9 are vibrated violently by a vibrating device 11 comprising a motor and its accompanying devices. For example, like a Sato type vibrating sieve manufactured by Koei Sangyo Co., Ltd., a vibrating sieve equipped with a vibrating device that changes the rotational movement of the motor into three-dimensional movement of horizontal, vertical, tilt, and transmits this movement to the wire mesh Is preferred. If necessary, the sieve can be further increased to three or more stages to improve the separation efficiency.

Only the water from which the seed coat and the hypocotyl have been removed from the hypocotyl wire mesh 9 falls. Reference numeral 12 denotes a water receiving chamber, and water accumulated in the water receiving chamber is discharged from a water discharge port 13. Reference numeral 14 denotes a motor chamber, in which unbalanced weights are attached to the upper and lower ends of the motor shaft to house members for changing the rotation of the motor into three-dimensional vibration. Numeral 15 denotes a spring, which amplifies the vibration of the vibrating device in the wire mesh portion and has an effect of minimizing the transmission of the vibration to the base 16 installed on the floor 17. In FIG. 2, two-stage wire meshes for the seed coat and the hypocotyl are used. However, if necessary, the number of sieve stages can be further increased to improve the separation efficiency. The seed coat containing water is discharged from the seed coat outlet 8, the hypocotyl containing water is discharged from the hypocotyl outlet 10, and excess water is discharged from the water outlet 13.

As the separator, a peeling block composed of a rotating drum and an elastic body as shown in FIG. 3 or a peeling block in which high-speed rotating rods and low-speed rotating rods are alternately arranged as shown in FIG. 4 can be used. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a peeling block composed of a rotating drum and an elastic uneven body, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a peeling block in which high-speed rotating rods and low-speed rotating rods are alternately arranged, and FIG. FIG.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a rotating drum, which is rotated by a rotating drum rotating shaft 21 driven by a motor (not shown) at 30 to 100 rpm in a direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. At least the surface needs to be made of metal, and a metal that is rustproof and harmless to the human body, such as stainless steel, is preferable because water is constantly present. The rotating shaft 21 for the rotating drum is provided on the outer peripheral surface.
The peaks 22 and the valleys 23 are alternately provided in parallel with each other, and have a bellows-like appearance as a whole.

Numeral 24 denotes an elastic uneven body, which may be an elastic body in which concave portions and convex portions are provided in stripes in the vertical direction. In FIG. 3, a plurality of composite pipes 25 each having a metal rod penetrated inside a rubber tube are closely fixed in parallel between an upper fixing plate 26 and a lower fixing plate 27. The inner circumference of the rubber tube is much larger than the outer circumference of the metal rod, so that there is a wide gap between the metal rod and the outer rubber tube inside the rubber tube. As the rubber tube, any material having elasticity may be used. Since it is an environment where food is handled and a large amount of moisture is present, synthetic rubber or natural rubber such as NBR, SBR, SR, IR, CR, silicone rubber having corrosion resistance is used. used. As the metal rod, ordinary steel or copper alloy can be used, but stainless steel is preferable in terms of durability and workability.

In fixing the composite pipe 25,
It is sufficient that upper and lower fixing plates exist. The upper and lower fixing plates may be fixed above and below the rear plate, may be fixed above and below the side plate, or may extend from other members as long as the fixing plate is fixed firmly. A through hole or a slot is provided in the fixing portion of the composite pipe 25 of the fixing plate. In FIG. 3, a through hole is formed in the upper fixing plate 26, and the lower fixing plate 2
7 was provided with a slot. The upper fixing plate 26 or the lower fixing plate 27 has a structure that can be detached or rotated to expose the upper or lower surface of the composite pipe 25. For example, one end of the upper fixed plate 26, preferably the rotating drum 2
There is a method of providing a rotatable hinge 28 on the side opposite to zero.

If a circular arc portion 29 concentric with the outer periphery of the rotating drum 20 is formed in the composite pipe 25 leaving a gap through which swollen seeds can pass, the shedding area is increased and the efficiency is increased. A concave portion 30 is formed at the contact surface between the composite pipe 25 and the composite pipe 25, and the convex portion 3 is formed at a position away from both contact surfaces.
1 is formed.

The swollen seeds supplied from the seed input port pass through the clearance formed by the rotating drum 20 and the elastic irregularities 24 while entering the valleys 23 or the recesses 30. When passing through the clearance, the pressed seeds have elasticity and also penetrate into a rubber material having a clearance on the lower surface, and are rubbed against the crests 22 of the rotary drum 20 in a temporarily fixed state and continuously rubbed. It is molted, and although not completely, it also has a hypocotyl and falls from below the clearance. The mixture of the hypocotyl, the seed coat and water is obtained by separating the fallen cotyledon, seed and hypocotyl with a sieve that allows only the cotyledon to pass through.

Cotyledons and seed coats can be separated using a conventional wind separator because of their different weights. However, the moulting machine shown in FIG. Has the function of separating from seed coat, hypocotyl and excess water. In the moulting machine shown in FIG. 4, the moulting block comprises a high-speed rotating rod 32 and a low-speed rotating rod 33 arranged in parallel and alternately rotating in the same direction. At least the surface of the low-speed rotating bar 33 is a hard and corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel. At least the surface of the high-speed rotating rod 32 is covered with a rubber material.
The high-speed rotating rods 32 and the low-speed rotating rods 33 are arranged alternately with their circumferential surfaces close to each other while maintaining a gap through which at least the seed coat can pass. A direction projection 34 is provided on the outer periphery in the axial direction.

The circumferential speed of the high-speed rotating rod 32 is
It is 3 to 15 times, preferably 4 to 10 times the peripheral speed of 3. Further, the low-speed rotating rod and the high-speed rotating rod do not necessarily have to have the same diameter. The projection 34 may be a simple mountain or a projection having an inclined angle. Adjustment is made so that the seed coat passes even when the projection 34 of the high-speed rotating bar 32 exists between the low-speed rotating bar 33 and the high-speed rotating bar 32. The number of the projections 34 is not limited, and may be two, three, four or more. However, the number of the projections 34 must not be so large that the space between the projections becomes narrow and the effect of moulting cannot be exhibited. By providing the projections 34, the corners of the projections hit the seeds, and not only the removal efficiency of the seed coat was improved, but also the hypocotyl was successfully removed.

Since the peripheral speeds of the low-speed rotating rod 33 and the high-speed rotating rod 32 are extremely different, the high-speed rotating rod 32 and the low-speed rotating rod 3 are removed from the water-swelled soybean located between the two rotating rods.
The difference in peripheral speed from No. 3 is applied as twisting stress. As a result, the seed coat is torn and falls from the gap between the low-speed rotating rod and the high-speed rotating rod. The remaining cotyledons are transported by a number of rotating rods rotating at the same speed but at different speeds, and fall and separate from the ends. By alternately using a large number of high-speed rotating rods 32 and low-speed rotating rods 33, seeds that have not been molted and dehypocotyledized the first time are given the opportunity to be molted and dehypocotyled one after another, so that moulting and degermination are possible. Shaft efficiency is improved.

Reference numerals 35 denote connecting bearings provided at both ends of the rotating rod for integrally supporting the rotating rods. A coaxial double sprocket 36 including an outer sprocket 36a and an inner sprocket 36b is provided outside the end of one of the coupling bearings 35. The outer sprocket 36a and the motor sprocket 3 driven by the first motor 37 are provided.
8, a chain is suspended, and the torque of the motor is also transmitted to the inner sprocket 36b. Since the end of the rotating shaft of the high-speed rotating rod 32 penetrates one connecting bearing 35 and is arranged as a high-speed rotating rod sprocket 39 on the outer surface of the connecting bearing, the inner sprocket 36b and all the high-speed rotating rod sprockets 39 are arranged. By suspending the chain to
All the high-speed rotating rods 32 rotate at the same speed. The rotation speed can be adjusted arbitrarily.

Similarly, a second double sprocket 40 comprising an outer sprocket 40a and an inner sprocket 40b is provided outside the end of the other connecting bearing 35, and is provided by the outer sprocket 40a and the second motor 41. The chain is suspended on the driven motor sprocket 42, and the rotational force of the motor is reduced by the inner sprocket 40b.
Is also transmitted to The end of the rotating shaft of the low-speed rotating bar 33 penetrates the other connecting bearing 35 and is arranged as a low-speed rotating bar sprocket 43 on the outer surface of the connecting bearing, so that the inner sprocket 40b and all the low-speed rotating bar sprockets 43 are arranged. , All the low-speed rotating rods 33 rotate at the same speed. The rotation speed can be adjusted arbitrarily. The end of the high-speed rotating rod 32 that is not connected to the high-speed rotating rod sprocket 39 ensures smooth rotation in the other connecting bearing 35 by the bearing.
Similarly, the sprocket 4 for the low-speed rotating rod of the low-speed rotating rod 33
The end that is not connected to 3 is assured of smooth rotation by a bearing in one connecting bearing 35. Also, if the connecting bearing 35 can be divided into two parts vertically from the part indicated by the line 47 in the drawing, if any of the rotating rods is broken, the broken bearing is removed by removing the connecting bearing up and down. Only the bar can be easily replaced.

With the above configuration, the first motor 3
When 7 rotates, the high speed rotating rod sprocket 39 rotates all the high speed rotating rods 32 at the same speed, and the low speed rotating rod 33 is not affected at all. On the other hand, the second motor 41
Rotates, the low-speed rotating rod sprocket 43 rotates all the low-speed rotating rods 33 at the same speed, and the high-speed rotating rod 3
2 is not affected at all. In FIG. 4, a chain and a sprocket are used as the rotation transmitting means. Alternatively, a belt, a pulley, a gear, and the like can be used.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing the state in which the seed coat 2 and the hypocotyl 4 of the soybean 45 are peeled and dropped by applying twisting stress to opposing portions of the seed coat. 46 is a rotating shaft.

[0023]

EXAMPLE In this example, a rotary drum 20 made of stainless steel and having a maximum diameter of 264 mm and an effective length of 550 mm was used. The radius of the cross section of the peak 22 was 5 mm, the interval between the peaks was 14 mm, and the valley 23 was provided with a flat portion of 4 mm. That is, the shape was such that a relatively large space was secured in the valley. An elastic concavo-convex body 24 having an arc portion 29 having an arc surface having the same central axis as that of the rotary drum is provided on one side of the rotary drum 20 through an appropriate clearance over about 1/4 of the outer circumference of the rotary drum. Was. The elastic irregularities were arranged in such a manner that a composite pipe 25 in which a metal rod made of stainless steel having a diameter of 2 to 3 mm was passed through a rubber tube having an outer diameter of 13 mm and a thickness of 2 to 3 mm was brought into contact with each other in a single row. Therefore, a sufficiently large gap remained in the rubber tube.

In arranging, as shown in FIG. 3, a frame having upper and lower fixing plates is provided, and only the upper fixing plate 26 is provided with a hinge 28 on the opposite side of the rotating drum to be rotatable. Numeral 47 denotes a nut for further fixing a metal rod that has passed through a through hole provided in the upper fixing plate 26. As a result, in the arc portion 20, the convex portions 31 and the concave portions 30 were alternately arranged in the vertical direction, and the swollen seeds were rubbed by the rotating drum and moulted.

When the rubber is worn, the durability of the rubber tube can be extended by simply rotating the rubber tube around the metal bar and exposing a new surface of the rubber tube to an arc portion. If the entire surface of the rubber tube is worn,
The upper fixing plate 26 is rotated to open, and a metal rod may be inserted into a new rubber tube. In this case, only the necessary rubber tube can be replaced arbitrarily. In this embodiment, the rotating drum 20 was rotated at 56 rpm.

Six soybeans (360 kg) were immersed in sufficient water at room temperature for 14 hours. The soybean swelled to about 2.3 times the weight. At the same time, the number of germs in water increased between soybean cotyledons and seed coats at room temperature and in the presence of sufficient water and nutrients. When this water-swelled soybean was supplied to the molting machine shown in FIG. 3, the soybean was molted when passing through the clearance formed by the rotating drum 20 and the elastic uneven body 24, and the seed coat, cotyledons and a small amount of hypocotyl fell. . The time required to process six soy bales was one hour. Fragmented cotyledons were scarcely present.

Next, the cells were passed through the molting, hypocotyl and cotyledon separation devices shown in FIG. The seed coat, hypocotyl and excess water fell under the high-speed rotating rod 32 and the low-speed rotating rod 33, and only cotyledons fell from the end of the rotating rod. That is, the seed coat and hypocotyl were separated from the cotyledons, and the time required for this step was about 1 hour. The cotyledons were transferred to a grinder by a cotyledon quantitative transfer device and ground to produce tofu by a conventional method. The mixture of hypocotyl, seed coat and water discharged from the separator shown in FIG. 4 was continuously charged into the separator shown in FIG. 2 as it was or after a certain period of time. Only the seed coat from the seed coat outlet 8 is the hypocotyl outlet 1
From 0, only the hypocotyl and water from the water outlet 13 were continuously discharged.

The water was used as it was circulated. Approximately 2.5 liters of moist hypocotyl and approximately 40-50 liters of seed coat were obtained from 6 soybean bales. The hypocotyl was dried as it was to obtain a drug material. Since the seed coat is bag-shaped and still contains extra water, it was dried only in a short time after being pressed and left alone.
Since the dried product was lightweight and did not rot, it was profitable even if it was transported over long distances as feed, and it was easy to incinerate. In this example, both the molting machine shown in FIG. 3 and the molting, hypocotyl / hypocotyl and seed coat separator shown in FIG. 4 were used in combination, but only the cotyledon was obtained using only the molting machine shown in FIG. It is also possible to separate and obtain a mixture of hypocotyl, seed coat and water. Further, if only the moulting and decotyling machine shown in FIG. 4 is used, the cotyledon has already been separated, so that the hypocotyl, seed coat and water can be separated using the separating machine shown in FIG.

[0029]

Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, moulting and decotyledon of swollen soybeans without damaging cotyledons are possible, and a mixture of hypocotyl and seed coat obtained from this step is efficiently separated into hypocotyl and seed coat. Thus, the hypocotyl and the seed coat can be advantageously reused.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a soybean.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing one example of the vibrating sieve of the present invention, showing a cross section in the left half and a side surface in the right half.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a peeling block including a rotating drum and an elastic uneven body.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a moulting block in which high-speed rotating rods and low-speed rotating rods are alternately arranged.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the skin of FIG. 4 has been removed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 cotyledon 2 seed coat 3 horn 4 hypocotyl 5 embryo 6 inlet 7 seed coat wire mesh 8 seed coat outlet 9 embryo wire shaft mesh 10 hypocotyl outlet 11 vibrator 12 water receiving chamber 13 water outlet 14 motor chamber 15 spring 16 Table 17 Floor surface 20 Rotary drum 21 Rotary drum rotating shaft 22 Mountain part 23 Valley part 24 Elastic uneven body 25 Composite pipe 26 Upper fixed plate 27 Lower fixed plate 28 Hinge 29 Arc part 30 Concave part 31 Convex part 32 High-speed rotating rod 33 Low-speed rotating rod 34 Projection 35 Connecting bearing 36, 40 Double sprocket 36a, 40a Outer sprocket 37 First motor 38, 42 Motor sprocket 39 Sprocket for high-speed rotating rod 36b, 40b Inner sprocket 41 Second motor 43 Low-speed rotation Sprockets for rods 45 Soybeans 46 Rotation axis 47 lines 48 nuts

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A separator for dehulling and decotyling swollen soybeans and separating seed coat and hypocotyl from cotyledons, and separating at least two types of hypocotyl and seed coat discharged from the separator with different openings An apparatus for separating soybean cotyledons, hypocotyls and seed coats comprising a vibrating sieve that separates and extracts the hypocotyl and seed coat by passing through a vibrating sieve. 2. A vibrating sieve having at least two stages of sieves having upper sieve openings larger than a lower sieve, having a supply port for a mixture of hypocotyl, seed coat and water at an upper part thereof, A seed coat outlet is provided above the lower sieve, a hypocotyl outlet is provided above the lower sieve, and a water outlet is provided below the water receiving chamber provided below the lowermost sieve. The apparatus for separating cotyledons, hypocotyls and seed coats of soaked soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus is a vibrating sieve provided with a member for vibrating all the sieves by converting the sieve into vibration. 3. The separator comprises two types of rotating rods alternately arranged in the same direction rotating at different speeds, a number of low-speed rotating rods made of a hard material and a surface made of a rubber material, and a centrifugal direction. A large number of high-speed rotating rods provided with at least one row of projecting ridges extending in the axial direction are separated by a separator in which the rotating shafts are parallel to each other, and are arranged with a gap capable of passing the hypocotyl and seed coat and not allowing cotyledons to pass. 3. The apparatus for separating cotyledons, hypocotyls, and seed coats of soaked soybean according to claim 1 or 2, wherein