CN108991096B - Persimmon peeling method and application of peeled persimmons - Google Patents
Persimmon peeling method and application of peeled persimmons Download PDFInfo
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- CN108991096B CN108991096B CN201810668869.1A CN201810668869A CN108991096B CN 108991096 B CN108991096 B CN 108991096B CN 201810668869 A CN201810668869 A CN 201810668869A CN 108991096 B CN108991096 B CN 108991096B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N7/00—Peeling vegetables or fruit
- A23N7/02—Peeling potatoes, apples or similarly shaped vegetables or fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N7/00—Peeling vegetables or fruit
- A23N7/01—Peeling vegetables or fruit using chemical substances, e.g. lye
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Abstract
The invention discloses a persimmon peeling method and application of peeled persimmons, wherein the persimmon peeling method comprises the following steps: preparing buffer solution and enzyme solution → adjusting the pH value of the enzyme solution to 4.0-4.5, selecting and cleaning persimmon raw materials → removing a waxy layer → soaking persimmons with the waxy layer in the enzyme solution → soaking at the constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 1.5-2h → removing enzymolyzed persimmon peels → cleaning persimmons → peeling to prepare persimmon cakes, dried persimmons and persimmon wine products; the method for removing the wax layer comprises the steps of removing the outermost colloidal layer of the persimmons by using a brush rolling machine, and then carrying out enzymolysis on the persimmons, wherein the effective method is provided aiming at the characteristics of the persimmons and is a breakthrough of full-automatic peeling of the persimmons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a persimmon peeling method and application of peeled persimmons.
Background
At present, the existing fruit peeling methods comprise direct friction peeling, acid-alkali liquor blanching, semi-mechanical peeling, direct enzymolysis peeling and the like, and because persimmons have colloidal layers and thick skins, the direct friction peeling mode cannot be used.
At present, the persimmon is not completely peeled mechanically, the semi-mechanical peeling cost is high, the human resources are needed to be large, the mobility of operators is large, the health condition of the operators is difficult to control, and the food safety problem is easily caused.
The method of blanching with acid and alkali liquor can generate a large amount of chemical substances, cause pollution to the environment and influence the product quality; the enzymatic peeling method is a novel peeling method in recent years, and has the advantages of high efficiency, pollution reduction, product flavor maintenance, no food safety hidden danger and the like.
At present, mango, orange and the like are peeled by adopting a direct enzymatic peeling method, and a peeling method of firstly carrying out mechanical treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis is also adopted, but the enzymatic peeling of fruits is researched in the prior art, such as ' research on the enzymatic peeling technology of yellow peach ' (Chinese food science report) ' research on the whole fruit peeling technology of orange enzymatic method ' (Chinese food science report) ' however, the research of the literatures is that enzyme can directly act on fruit peel, persimmon per se has a colloidal layer, and enzyme liquid cannot directly act on the persimmon peel, so the existing literatures cannot solve the problem of peeling of the persimmon. In the prior patent CN 107495077A mango peeling method, the mango peel needs to be cut before peeling, the enzyme liquid acts again, the flavor and the texture of the pulp are affected, the wax layer of the persimmon is thicker than that of the mango, the mode of cutting the peel is not suitable for the persimmon, and the processing such as later drying of the persimmon is also unfavorable. The method utilizes a brush rolling machine to remove the outermost colloidal layer of the persimmons and then carries out enzymolysis on the persimmons, and is a breakthrough of full-automatic peeling of the persimmons aiming at the characteristics of the persimmons.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, a method for peeling persimmons is urgently needed to be provided, and the defects of the prior art are overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the background technology, and the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a persimmon peeling method and application thereof. The method for removing the persimmon peel has mild processing conditions, small damage to the pulp, little influence on the taste, the flavor, the color and the like of the product and is beneficial to the processing of the persimmon product in the later period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a persimmon peeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preferably, raw material selection and cleaning: selecting persimmons with hard texture and no wound and disease on the surface, and cleaning the surfaces of the persimmons by using tap water;
removing a wax layer: grinding the surface of the persimmon by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler to enable a wax layer to fall off;
preparing an enzyme solution: taking 430g of 285-855 g of food-grade pectase, 855g of cellulase and 855g of xylanase from Ettel enzyme preparation company per 100kg of persimmon, mixing, and dissolving in 150L of tap water at 40-50 ℃;
preparing a buffer solution: adding 420.28g of food-grade monohydrate citric acid solid into distilled water for dissolving, and preparing 2mol/L monohydrate citric acid solution by using a 1000ml volumetric flask for constant volume;
adjusting the pH of the enzyme solution: adding 180 mL of 2mol/L buffer solution into the enzyme solution, and adjusting the pH value of the enzyme solution to 4.0-4.5;
soaking at constant temperature for enzymolysis: keeping the temperature of the enzyme solution, adding the persimmon, and performing enzymolysis for 1.5-2h to ensure that the persimmon peel is subjected to full enzymolysis without destroying the nutrition and flavor of the pulp;
removing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels: brushing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler;
processing the persimmon product: the peeled persimmon can be used for making persimmon cake, dried persimmon, persimmon wine, etc.
Preferably, the step of removing the waxy layer and the step of removing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels are realized by a brush rolling and rubbing peeler, the brush rolling and rubbing peeler acts on the outer skins of the persimmons, and the brush rolling and rubbing peeler comprises a machine body, a feed inlet, a motor, a spiral brush roller, a brush, a tightening adjusting device, a water spraying device, a material receiving plate, a water pump, a water tank, a conveying device and a drain valve;
the water spraying device is arranged at the upper part of the machine body, is connected with the water tank through a water pump and is arranged into a fan-shaped spray header; the spraying device at the upper part pumps water out by a high pressure of 5 kilowatts, and slag and skin layers brushed by persimmons are fully washed away.
One end of the machine body is provided with a feeding hole, and the other end of the machine body is provided with a discharging hole;
a material receiving plate and a water outlet are arranged below the machine body, and the material receiving plate is detachably arranged below the machine body;
the motor provides power for the operation of the whole machine, the motor is in driving connection with the spiral brush roller, the motor is in driving connection with the tightening adjusting device, and the motor is in driving connection with the transmission device;
a conveying device is arranged below the machine body, and two sets of conveying devices are arranged, wherein one set of conveying device is arranged at the position of the feeding port and used for conveying the persimmons to the rotary brush roller, and the other set of conveying device is arranged at the position of the discharging port and used for receiving the persimmons conveyed by the rotary brush roller and conveying the persimmons to the discharging port; the spiral brush rollers are rotationally connected to the machine body, and the rotary brush rollers are divided into an upper row of rotary brush rollers and a lower row of rotary brush rollers; the height of the lower row of rotating brush rollers is fixed, and the tightening adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the upper row of rotating brush rollers;
the rotary brush roller at the fixed upper end is provided with a plurality of through holes with different heights in the machine body and marked with height scales, and after the persimmons are classified, the rotary brush roller is selectively arranged in the through holes with the corresponding heights, so that the persimmons can be fixed and act uniformly;
the brush is detachably connected to the outer surface of the rotating brush roller and rotates along with the rotating brush roller; the persimmon surface is rubbed and the fruits are rolled and transported forward uniformly without damaging the integrity of the pulp;
controlling the space distance between the upper row of rotating brush rollers and the materials on the conveyor belt through the tightening adjusting device, rubbing and brushing the materials, removing a wax layer of the persimmons and brushing off the enzymolyzed inner-layer persimmon peels at the later stage; after the persimmons are classified, the rotating brush roller is placed in the through hole with the corresponding height, so that the persimmons can be fixed and act uniformly;
preferably, the tightening adjusting device is fixedly connected with the upper row of rotating brush rollers, a scale mark and a plurality of through holes with different heights are arranged on the contact surface of the machine body and the tightening adjusting device, and the tightening adjusting device can move up and down in the through holes and fix the height.
Preferably, the interval between the two rows of brushes is 6-12cm after the upper row of rotating brush rollers and the lower row of rotating brush rollers are provided with the brushes, the rotating directions of the upper row of rotating brush rollers and the lower row of rotating brush rollers are opposite, and the brushes rotate and interact to push the persimmons to move forwards.
Preferably, the brush rolling and kneading peeling machine applied in the peeling method step is characterized in that a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the outer surface of the rotating brush roller, and the brushes are clamped on the circumference of the rotating brush roller through the clamping grooves.
Preferably, the brush rolling and kneading peeler is applied in the peeling method, the proper brush is replaced by the confirmation step before peeling, the brush applied in the step of removing the wax layer is a hard brush, and the brush replaced in the step of removing the enzymolysis persimmon peel is a soft brush.
The working process of the brush rolling and rubbing peeler comprises the following steps: on arranging reserve persimmon in the conveyor of feed inlet department in, change corresponding brush according to peeled requirement, in addition according to the altitude mixture control of hierarchical back persimmon contract adjust the height of going up the rotatory brush roller, the starter motor, transport the persimmon by conveyor and arrange between the rotatory brush roller from top to bottom, drive the rotatory effect on persimmon surface of brush by rotatory brush roller, pump water with the high-pressure of 5 kilowatts through the spray set who installs on upper portion, fully wash away the sediment cortex under the persimmon brush, from flitch and the outlet outflow of lower part, accomplish and get rid of persimmon wax layer or the enzymolysis persimmon skin.
Preferably, the persimmons peeled in the above step can be processed into various persimmon products, including the following:
1. drying persimmons:
the dried persimmon comprises the following steps:
removing astringency: removing astringent taste of fructus kaki by ethephon deastringency method;
peeling: peeling by the method for peeling persimmon by using the enzyme method;
cutting into blocks: cutting persimmon into pieces of suitable size;
drying: a natural drying method or an artificial drying method can be adopted. Naturally drying the persimmon blocks, namely spreading the cut persimmon blocks on the shelf, wherein the shelf is sunny and has good ventilation, and the drying time is determined according to the size of the persimmon blocks, and is usually 12-30 hours. The manual drying process is to place the persimmon blocks in a drying room, set the temperature at 60 ℃ and the humidity at 30%, and promote the dehydration and softening of the persimmon blocks.
Packaging: packaging the dried persimmon
2. Persimmon cake:
raw materials: use of astringent persimmon without removing fruit base
Peeling: peeling by the method for removing persimmon peel by using the enzyme method
Drying: the persimmon after enzymolysis and peeling is dried by the peeling method in the method of the invention, and natural drying, artificial drying method or equipment drying can be adopted. The natural drying is to string the stem of the persimmon, the rack has sufficient sunlight and good ventilation, whether the persimmon needs to be dried continuously is judged according to the specific drying degree of the persimmon, and the time is usually 5 to 10 days according to different seasons and weather conditions. Manually drying the persimmons to be peeled, and placing the persimmons in a drying room, wherein the temperature is set to be 60 ℃ and the humidity is set to be 30% until the persimmons are completely softened. The method of drying using equipment generally requires drying for 10 to 30 hours;
kneading cakes: the persimmon cake is kneaded by applying a force of a suitable degree with a hand to accelerate the reaction of the internal substances and to accelerate the softening, drying and deastringency of the persimmon cake. The 'drying and cake kneading' can be repeated for 1-2 times;
and (3) frosting: stacking the formed dried persimmon, putting into a sealed jar, and standing in a cool and dry place for 7 days to separate out soluble sugar in the dried persimmon to form white crystals on the surface;
grading and packaging: grading the dried persimmon according to the mass and the size, and packaging.
Description of the invention persimmon state after removal of the gum layer using a brush tumbler: the persimmon has rough, dull and frosted outer surface; the persimmon before and after treatment is described as follows:
1. description of persimmon status:
before treatment, the persimmon outer surface has a wax layer to make the persimmon look smooth and glossy, and after the wax layer of the persimmon is treated by a brush rolling and kneading machine, the persimmon outer surface becomes rough.
2. Benefits of treatment with the brush tumbler:
compare in machinery and peeing and artifical peeing, the wax layer of persimmon surface can be got rid of to brush roll rubbing machine can keep even dynamics, can guarantee the integrality of persimmon surplus portion, and can not destroy the pulp, prevent that persimmon pulp from exposing to the air and oxidizing.
3. Change of the processed persimmon after being made into persimmon products:
after the persimmons with the wax layers removed by the brush rolling machine are made into products, the nutrition and the flavor of the products are not obviously different from the products made of the persimmons without the wax layers.
In the invention, in the dewaxing layer removing process, persimmons enter the rotary brush roll device with adjustable height through the feed inlet, continuously roll under the driving of the steel wire spiral brush roll, are peeled under the friction action of the peeling roll, the high-pressure fan-shaped spray header device at the top of the machine body continuously sprays water, the materials flow through gaps of the brush rolls, the brushed colloidal layer is continuously cleaned, the cleaned water and the colloidal layer flow into the lower end water outlet through gaps between the lower rotary brush rolls, and then the persimmons with the wax layers removed are conveyed to the discharge outlet under the driving of the rotary brush rolls.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the persimmon peeling method, because the persimmon peel is isolated from external acting objects by the wax layer on the outermost layer of the persimmon, the enzyme preparation cannot play a role and cannot be directly used for removing the persimmon peel, the process aims at the characteristics of the persimmon and uses a rolling and kneading method to remove the wax layer of the persimmon peel by using a special instrument before the conventional enzymolysis peeling, and then the enzyme preparation acts on the persimmon peel, so that the enzymolysis step is quicker in reaction, the persimmon peel is more thoroughly and fully contacted, and the peeling effect is achieved.
2. Compared with the peeling process of thick peel, the persimmon peeling method of the invention has mild processing conditions for removing the persimmon peel by an enzymatic hydrolysis method, has small damage to the pulp, has little influence on the taste, flavor, color and the like of the product, and is beneficial to the processing of the persimmon product at the later stage.
4. By adopting the persimmon peeling method, the processing materials and equipment are easy to obtain, the processing mode is simple and convenient, the equipment investment is less, the raw material utilization rate is high, the labor input is reduced, and the large-batch industrial production can be realized.
5. Compared with mechanical peeling and manual peeling, the persimmon peeling method has the advantages that the brush rolling and kneading machine can keep uniform force to remove the wax layer on the outer surface of the persimmon, the integrity of the rest part of the persimmon can be guaranteed, the pulp cannot be damaged, and the pulp of the persimmon is prevented from being exposed in the air and being oxidized.
6. By adopting the persimmon peeling method, the persimmon with the wax layer removed by the brush rolling machine is prepared into the product, and the nutrition and the flavor of the product are not obviously different from those of the product prepared from the persimmons without the wax layer removed.
7. The persimmon peeling method is adopted, the brush rolling and rubbing peeling machine is specially developed for the peeling method, the brushes can be detached and replaced, are suitable for different hardness, can act on persimmons in different steps at the same time, and can be suitable for persimmons in different grading sizes by tightening the distance between the upper row of brushes and the lower row of brushes of the adjusting device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the persimmon peeling method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a brush-type tumbling and peeling machine to which the persimmon peeling method of the present invention is applied;
in the drawing, a water spraying device 100, conveying devices (201,202), a feed inlet 301, an upper row of rotating brush rollers 401, a lower row of rotating brush rollers 402, a tightening adjusting device 500, a water outlet 600 and a material receiving plate 700.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples of preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1
Referring to the process flow diagram of fig. 1, a persimmon peeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting and cleaning raw materials: selecting persimmons with hard texture and no wound and disease on the surface, and cleaning the surfaces of the persimmons by using tap water;
removing a wax layer: grinding the surface of the persimmon by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler to enable a wax layer to fall off;
preparing an enzyme solution: taking 430g of 285-855 g of food-grade pectase, 855g of cellulase and 855g of xylanase from Ettel enzyme preparation company per 100kg of persimmon, mixing, and dissolving in 150L of tap water at 40-50 ℃;
preparing a buffer solution: adding 420.28g of food-grade monohydrate citric acid solid into distilled water for dissolving, and preparing 2mol/L monohydrate citric acid solution by using a 1000ml volumetric flask for constant volume;
adjusting the pH of the enzyme solution: adding 180 mL of 2mol/L buffer solution into the enzyme solution, and adjusting the pH value of the enzyme solution to 4.0-4.5;
soaking at constant temperature for enzymolysis: keeping the temperature of the enzyme solution, adding the persimmon, and performing enzymolysis for 1.5-2h to ensure that the persimmon peel is subjected to full enzymolysis without destroying the nutrition and flavor of the pulp;
removing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels: brushing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler;
processing the persimmon product: the peeled persimmon can be used for making persimmon cake, dried persimmon, persimmon wine, etc.
Preferably, the step of removing the waxy layer and the step of removing the enzymatically hydrolyzed persimmon peel are implemented by a brush rolling and peeling machine, the brush rolling and peeling machine acts on the outer skin of the persimmon, and the skin of the persimmon is rubbed by a brush to remove the skin layer of the persimmon, as shown in fig. 2, the brush rolling and peeling machine comprises a machine body, a feed inlet 301, a motor (not shown), a spiral brush roller, a brush (not shown), a tightening and adjusting device 500, a water spraying device 100, a material receiving plate 700, a water pump (not shown), a water tank (not shown), a conveying device and a drain valve (not shown);
the water spraying device 100 is arranged at the upper part of the machine body, the water spraying device 100 is connected with the water tank through a water pump, and the water spraying device 100 is arranged into a fan-shaped spray header; the spraying device 100 at the upper part pumps water out by a high pressure of 5 kilowatts, and slag and skin layers brushed by persimmons are fully washed away.
One end of the machine body is provided with a feeding hole 301, and the other end of the machine body is provided with a discharging hole 302;
a material receiving plate 700 and a water outlet are arranged below the machine body, and the material receiving plate 700 is detachably arranged below the machine body;
the motor provides power for the operation of the whole machine, the motor is in driving connection with the spiral brush roller, the motor is in driving connection with the tightening adjusting device 500, and the motor is in driving connection with the transmission device;
a conveying device is arranged below the machine body, and two sets of conveying devices are arranged, wherein one set of conveying device is arranged at the position of a feeding hole 301 and used for conveying the persimmons to the position of the rotary brush roller, and the other set of conveying device is arranged at the position of a discharging hole 302 and used for receiving the persimmons conveyed by the rotary brush roller and conveying the persimmons to the position of the discharging hole 302; the spiral brush rollers are rotationally connected to the machine body, and the rotary brush rollers are divided into an upper row of rotary brush rollers 401 and a lower row of rotary brush rollers 402; the lower row of rotating brush rolls 402 is fixed in height, and the tightening adjusting device 500 is used for adjusting the height of the upper row of rotating brush rolls 401;
the rotary brush roller at the upper end is fixed, a plurality of through holes (not shown in the figure) with different heights are arranged in the machine body, height scales (not shown in the figure) are marked, and the rotary brush roller is selectively arranged in the through holes with corresponding heights after persimmon is classified, so that the persimmons can be fixed and act uniformly;
the brush is detachably connected to the outer surface of the rotating brush roller and rotates along with the rotating brush roller; the persimmon surface is rubbed and the fruits are rolled and transported forward uniformly without damaging the integrity of the pulp;
controlling the space distance between the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401 and the materials on the conveyor belt through the tightening adjusting device 500, rubbing and brushing the materials, removing wax layers of persimmons and brushing off the enzymolyzed inner-layer persimmon peels at the later stage; after the persimmons are classified, the rotating brush roller is placed in the through hole with the corresponding height, so that the persimmons can be fixed and act uniformly;
preferably, in the brush rolling and kneading peeling machine applied in the peeling method, the tightening adjusting device 500 is fixedly connected with the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401, the contact surface of the machine body and the tightening adjusting device 500 is provided with scale marks and a plurality of through holes with different heights, and the tightening adjusting device 500 can move up and down in the through holes and fix the height.
Preferably, in the brush rolling and kneading peeler used in the peeling method step, the interval between the two rows of brushes is 6-12cm after the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401 and the lower row of rotating brush rollers 402 are provided with the brushes, the rotating directions of the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401 and the lower row of rotating brush rollers 402 are opposite, and the persimmons are pushed to move forwards by interaction during rotation.
Preferably, the brush rolling and kneading peeling machine applied in the peeling method step is characterized in that a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the outer surface of the rotating brush roller, and the brushes are clamped on the circumference of the rotating brush roller through the clamping grooves.
Preferably, the brush rolling and kneading peeler is applied in the peeling method, the proper brush is replaced by the confirmation step before peeling, the brush applied in the step of removing the wax layer is a hard brush, and the brush replaced in the step of removing the enzymolysis persimmon peel is a soft brush.
The working process of the brush rolling and rubbing peeler comprises the following steps: the persimmon that will handle reserve is arranged in the conveyor of feed inlet 301 department on, change corresponding brush according to peeled requirement, in addition according to the altitude mixture control of hierarchical back persimmon contract the height of adjusting row's rotatory brush roller 401 in, the starter motor, transport the persimmon by conveyor and arrange between the rotatory brush roller 402 from top to bottom, drive the rotatory effect on persimmon surface of brush by rotatory brush roller, pump water with the high-pressure of 5 kilowatts through spray set 100 who installs on upper portion, fully wash away the sediment cortex under the persimmon brush, connect flitch 700 and outlet 600 from the lower part and flow out, accomplish and get rid of persimmon wax layer or the enzymolysis persimmon cortex.
The persimmons peeled in the above steps can be processed into dried persimmons:
the dried persimmon comprises the following steps:
removing astringency: removing astringent taste of fructus kaki by ethephon deastringency method;
peeling: peeling by the method for peeling persimmon by using the enzyme method;
cutting into blocks: cutting persimmon into pieces of suitable size;
drying: a natural drying method or an artificial drying method can be adopted. Naturally drying the persimmon blocks, namely spreading the cut persimmon blocks on the shelf, wherein the shelf is sunny and has good ventilation, and the drying time is determined according to the size of the persimmon blocks, and is usually 12-30 hours. The manual drying process is to place the persimmon blocks in a drying room, set the temperature at 60 ℃ and the humidity at 30%, and promote the dehydration and softening of the persimmon blocks.
Packaging: packaging the dried persimmon
Example 2
As shown in the process flow chart of fig. 1, a persimmon peeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting and cleaning raw materials: selecting persimmons with hard texture and no wound and disease on the surface, and cleaning the surfaces of the persimmons by using tap water;
removing a wax layer: grinding the surface of the persimmon by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler to enable a wax layer to fall off;
preparing an enzyme solution: taking 430g of 285-855 g of food-grade pectase, 855g of cellulase and 855g of xylanase from Ettel enzyme preparation company per 100kg of persimmon, mixing, and dissolving in 150L of tap water at 40-50 ℃;
preparing a buffer solution: adding 420.28g of food-grade monohydrate citric acid solid into distilled water for dissolving, and preparing 2mol/L monohydrate citric acid solution by using a 1000ml volumetric flask for constant volume;
adjusting the pH of the enzyme solution: adding 180 mL of 2mol/L buffer solution into the enzyme solution, and adjusting the pH value of the enzyme solution to 4.0-4.5;
soaking at constant temperature for enzymolysis: keeping the temperature of the enzyme solution, adding the persimmon, and performing enzymolysis for 1.5-2h to ensure that the persimmon peel is subjected to full enzymolysis without destroying the nutrition and flavor of the pulp;
removing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels: brushing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler;
processing the persimmon product: the peeled persimmon can be used for making persimmon cake, dried persimmon, persimmon wine, etc.
Preferably, the step of removing the waxy layer and the step of removing the enzymatically hydrolyzed persimmon peel are implemented by a brush rolling and peeling machine, the brush rolling and peeling machine acts on the outer skin of the persimmon, and the skin of the persimmon is rubbed by a brush to remove the skin layer of the persimmon, as shown in fig. 2, the brush rolling and peeling machine comprises a machine body, a feed inlet 301, a motor (not shown), a spiral brush roller, a brush (not shown), a tightening and adjusting device 500, a water spraying device 100, a material receiving plate 700, a water pump (not shown), a water tank (not shown), a conveying device and a drain valve (not shown);
the water spraying device 100 is arranged at the upper part of the machine body, the water spraying device 100 is connected with the water tank through a water pump, and the water spraying device 100 is arranged into a fan-shaped spray header; the spraying device 100 at the upper part pumps water out by a high pressure of 5 kilowatts, and slag and skin layers brushed by persimmons are fully washed away.
One end of the machine body is provided with a feeding hole 301, and the other end of the machine body is provided with a discharging hole 302;
a material receiving plate 700 and a water outlet are arranged below the machine body, and the material receiving plate 700 is detachably arranged below the machine body;
the motor provides power for the operation of the whole machine, the motor is in driving connection with the spiral brush roller, the motor is in driving connection with the tightening adjusting device 500, and the motor is in driving connection with the transmission device;
a conveying device is arranged below the machine body, and two sets of conveying devices are arranged, wherein one set of conveying device is arranged at the position of a feeding hole 301 and used for conveying the persimmons to the position of the rotary brush roller, and the other set of conveying device is arranged at the position of a discharging hole 302 and used for receiving the persimmons conveyed by the rotary brush roller and conveying the persimmons to the position of the discharging hole 302; the spiral brush rollers are rotationally connected to the machine body, and the rotary brush rollers are divided into an upper row of rotary brush rollers 401 and a lower row of rotary brush rollers 402; the lower row of rotating brush rolls 402 is fixed in height, and the tightening adjusting device 500 is used for adjusting the height of the upper row of rotating brush rolls 401;
the rotary brush roller at the upper end is fixed, a plurality of through holes (not shown in the figure) with different heights are arranged in the machine body, height scales (not shown in the figure) are marked, and the rotary brush roller is selectively arranged in the through holes with corresponding heights after persimmon is classified, so that the persimmons can be fixed and act uniformly;
the brush is detachably connected to the outer surface of the rotating brush roller and rotates along with the rotating brush roller; the persimmon surface is rubbed and the fruits are rolled and transported forward uniformly without damaging the integrity of the pulp;
controlling the space distance between the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401 and the materials on the conveyor belt through the tightening adjusting device 500, rubbing and brushing the materials, removing wax layers of persimmons and brushing off the enzymolyzed inner-layer persimmon peels at the later stage; after the persimmons are classified, the rotating brush roller is placed in the through hole with the corresponding height, so that the persimmons can be fixed and act uniformly;
preferably, in the brush rolling and kneading peeling machine applied in the peeling method, the tightening adjusting device 500 is fixedly connected with the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401, the contact surface of the machine body and the tightening adjusting device 500 is provided with scale marks and a plurality of through holes with different heights, and the tightening adjusting device 500 can move up and down in the through holes and fix the height.
Preferably, in the brush rolling and kneading peeler used in the peeling method step, the interval between the two rows of brushes is 6-12cm after the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401 and the lower row of rotating brush rollers 402 are provided with the brushes, the rotating directions of the upper row of rotating brush rollers 401 and the lower row of rotating brush rollers 402 are opposite, and the persimmons are pushed to move forwards by interaction during rotation.
Preferably, the brush rolling and kneading peeling machine applied in the peeling method step is characterized in that a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the outer surface of the rotating brush roller, and the brushes are clamped on the circumference of the rotating brush roller through the clamping grooves.
Preferably, the brush rolling and kneading peeler is applied in the peeling method, the proper brush is replaced by the confirmation step before peeling, the brush applied in the step of removing the wax layer is a hard brush, and the brush replaced in the step of removing the enzymolysis persimmon peel is a soft brush.
The working process of the brush rolling and rubbing peeler comprises the following steps: the persimmon that will handle reserve is arranged in the conveyor of feed inlet 301 department on, change corresponding brush according to peeled requirement, in addition according to the altitude mixture control of hierarchical back persimmon contract the height of adjusting row's rotatory brush roller 401 in, the starter motor, transport the persimmon by conveyor and arrange between the rotatory brush roller 402 from top to bottom, drive the rotatory effect on persimmon surface of brush by rotatory brush roller, pump water with the high-pressure of 5 kilowatts through spray set 100 who installs on upper portion, fully wash away the sediment cortex under the persimmon brush, connect flitch 700 and outlet 600 from the lower part and flow out, accomplish and get rid of persimmon wax layer or the enzymolysis persimmon cortex.
The persimmons peeled in the above steps can be processed into persimmon cakes:
the persimmon cake comprises the following steps:
raw materials: astringent persimmon is used without removing fruit base;
peeling: peeling by the method for peeling persimmon by using the enzyme method;
drying: the persimmon after enzymolysis and peeling is dried by the peeling method in the method of the invention, and natural drying, artificial drying method or equipment drying can be adopted. The natural drying is to string the stem of the persimmon, the rack has sufficient sunlight and good ventilation, whether the persimmon needs to be dried continuously is judged according to the specific drying degree of the persimmon, and the time is usually 5 to 10 days according to different seasons and weather conditions. Manually drying the persimmons to be peeled, and placing the persimmons in a drying room, wherein the temperature is set to be 60 ℃ and the humidity is set to be 30% until the persimmons are completely softened. The method of drying using equipment generally requires drying for 10 to 30 hours;
kneading cakes: the persimmon cake is kneaded by applying a force of a suitable degree with a hand to accelerate the reaction of the internal substances and to accelerate the softening, drying and deastringency of the persimmon cake. The 'drying and cake kneading' can be repeated for 1-2 times;
and (3) frosting: stacking the formed dried persimmon, putting into a sealed jar, and standing in a cool and dry place for 7 days to separate out soluble sugar in the dried persimmon to form white crystals on the surface;
grading and packaging: grading the dried persimmon according to the mass and the size, and packaging.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A persimmon peeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting and cleaning raw materials: selecting persimmons with hard texture and no wound and disease on the surface, and cleaning the surfaces of the persimmons by using tap water;
removing a wax layer: grinding the surface of the persimmon by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler to enable a wax layer to fall off;
preparing an enzyme solution: taking 430g of 285-855 g of food-grade pectase, 855g of cellulase and 855g of xylanase from Ettel enzyme preparation company per 100kg of persimmon, mixing, and dissolving in 150L of tap water at 40-50 ℃;
preparing a buffer solution: adding 420.28g of food-grade monohydrate citric acid solid into distilled water for dissolving, and preparing 2mol/L monohydrate citric acid solution by using a 1000ml volumetric flask for constant volume;
adjusting the pH of the enzyme solution: adding 180 mL of 2mol/L buffer solution into the enzyme solution, and adjusting the pH value of the enzyme solution to 4.0-4.5;
soaking at constant temperature for enzymolysis: keeping the temperature of the enzyme solution, adding the persimmon, and performing enzymolysis for 1.5-2h to ensure that the persimmon peel is subjected to full enzymolysis without destroying the nutrition and flavor of the pulp;
removing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels: brushing the enzymolyzed persimmon peels by using a brush rolling and rubbing peeler;
processing the persimmon product: the peeled fructus kaki can be used for making dried fructus kaki.
The brush rolling and kneading peeler comprises a machine body, a feeding hole (301), a motor, a spiral brush roller, a brush, a tightening adjusting device (500), a water spraying device (100), a material receiving plate (700), a water pump, a water tank, a conveying device and a water drain valve;
the water spraying device (100) is arranged at the upper part of the machine body, the water spraying device (100) is connected with the water tank through a water pump, and the water spraying device (100) is arranged into a fan-shaped spray header; the upper spraying device (100) pumps water out by a high pressure of 5 kilowatts to fully wash off the slag layer brushed by the persimmons.
One end of the machine body is provided with a feeding hole (301), and the other end of the machine body is provided with a discharging hole (302);
a material receiving plate (700) and a water outlet are arranged below the machine body, and the material receiving plate (700) is detachably arranged below the machine body;
the motor provides power for the operation of the whole machine, the motor is in driving connection with the spiral brush roller, the motor is in driving connection with the tightening adjusting device (500), and the motor is in driving connection with the transmission device;
a conveying device is arranged below the machine body, and two sets of conveying devices are arranged, wherein one set of conveying device is arranged at a feed port (301) and used for conveying persimmons to the rotary brush roller, and the other set of conveying device is arranged at a discharge port (302) and used for receiving the persimmons conveyed by the rotary brush roller and conveying the persimmons to the discharge port (302); the spiral brush rollers are rotationally connected to the machine body, and the rotary brush rollers are divided into an upper row of rotary brush rollers (401) and a lower row of rotary brush rollers (402); the lower row of rotating brush rollers (402) is fixed in height, and the tightening adjusting device (500) is used for adjusting the height of the upper row of rotating brush rollers (401);
the tightening adjusting device (500) is fixedly connected with the upper row of rotating brush rollers (401), the contact surface of the machine body and the tightening adjusting device (500) is provided with scale marks and a plurality of through holes with different heights, and the tightening adjusting device (500) can move up and down in the through holes and fix the heights;
the interval between the two rows of brushes is 6-12cm after the upper row of rotating brush rollers (401) and the lower row of rotating brush rollers (402) are provided with the brushes, the rotating directions of the upper row of rotating brush rollers (401) and the lower row of rotating brush rollers (402) are opposite, and persimmons are pushed to move forwards under the mutual action of rotation;
the outer surface of the rotating brush roller is provided with a plurality of clamping grooves, and the brush is clamped on the circumference of the rotating brush roller through the clamping grooves;
the hairbrush applied to the wax layer removal in the step is a hard hairbrush, and the hairbrush replaced for removing the persimmon peels subjected to enzymolysis in the step is a soft hairbrush.
2. The use of the persimmon peeled by the method according to claim 1, for producing dried persimmon or persimmon cake;
the dried persimmon comprises the following steps:
removing astringency: removing astringent taste of fructus kaki by ethephon deastringency method;
peeling: peeling a persimmon by the method of claim 1;
cutting into blocks: cutting persimmon into pieces of suitable size;
drying: a natural drying method or an artificial drying method can be adopted; naturally drying, namely spreading the cut persimmon blocks horizontally, placing the persimmon blocks in sunlight and good ventilation, and determining the drying time according to the size of the persimmon blocks, wherein the drying time is 12-30 hours; manually drying, namely placing the persimmon blocks in a drying room, setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the humidity at 30%, and promoting the dehydration and softening of the persimmon blocks;
packaging: packaging the dried persimmon finished product;
the persimmon cake comprises the following steps:
raw materials: astringent persimmon is used without removing fruit base;
drying: peeling persimmons by adopting the method of claim 1, drying the peeled persimmons, and drying by adopting a natural drying method or an artificial drying method or equipment; naturally drying, namely stringing the stem of the persimmon, erecting the persimmon in a sunny and well ventilated condition, judging whether to continue drying according to the specific drying degree of the persimmon, and drying for 5-10 days according to different seasons and weather conditions; manually drying the persimmons to be peeled, putting the persimmons in a drying room, and setting the temperature at 60 ℃ and the humidity at 30% until the persimmons are completely softened; the method of drying by using the equipment needs 10 to 30 hours of drying;
kneading cakes: kneading the persimmon blocks with a proper force by hand to accelerate the reaction of the internal substances and the softening, drying and deastringency of the persimmon blocks; the 'drying and cake kneading' can be repeated for 1-2 times;
and (3) frosting: stacking the formed dried persimmon, putting into a sealed jar, and standing in a cool and dry place for 7 days to separate out soluble sugar in the dried persimmon to form white crystals on the surface;
grading and packaging: grading the dried persimmon according to the mass and the size, and packaging.
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| CN110972601A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站 | Method for removing fructus amomi seed mass pulp |
| CN114886129B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-12-08 | 西南大学 | Enzymatic peeling and capsule coating removing production process and equipment for citrus fruits and application of enzymatic peeling and capsule coating removing production process and equipment |
| CN114698862B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-09-16 | 桂林恭城丰华园食品有限公司 | Persimmon cake forming and processing automation equipment, processing method and persimmon cake |
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| CN102948916A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-06 | 芜湖市富瑞达食品有限公司 | Cleaning peeling machine for food processing |
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| CN102948916A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-06 | 芜湖市富瑞达食品有限公司 | Cleaning peeling machine for food processing |
| CN105661404A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-15 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Dried astringent persimmon processing method |
| CN207236033U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-04-17 | 燕诚智能设备制造河北有限公司 | Brush peeling machine |
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