CN113973681A - Sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters - Google Patents
Sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters Download PDFInfo
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- CN113973681A CN113973681A CN202111255989.7A CN202111255989A CN113973681A CN 113973681 A CN113973681 A CN 113973681A CN 202111255989 A CN202111255989 A CN 202111255989A CN 113973681 A CN113973681 A CN 113973681A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C14/00—Methods or apparatus for planting not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation; (2) preparing sugarcane seeds; (3) planting; (4) managing the field; (5) and (6) harvesting. The method combines the planting mode with mechanical improvement, adopts the wide-narrow row planting mode, and plants the sugarcane in a deeper planting ditch, so that the sugarcane is not easy to be affected by drought to germinate; meanwhile, the planting machinery is improved, when the sugarcanes are planted, a convex soil pile is built between the two narrow rows of the sugarcanes, the soil between the two narrow rows of the sugarcanes is basically in a turtleback shape through mechanical intertillage ridging, so that a crater formed in the ridging process of the conventionally planted sugarcanes can be eliminated, the lodging resistance of the sugarcanes is improved, the sugarcane yield can be improved, the mechanical harvesting loss is reduced, the income of farmers is increased, and the whole-course mechanical planting management process of the sugarcanes is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters.
Background
With the development of agricultural mechanization, the sugarcane gradually realizes mechanized planting and mechanized management; the wide-narrow row planting mode of the sugarcane is beneficial to the field management of the sugarcane and is convenient for mechanical operation. The wide-narrow row planting of the sugarcane can effectively improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the sugarcane field, improve the utilization rate of light energy, reduce the damage of machinery to the sugarcane and the damage to the soil of the sugarcane field, conserve water and soil, and improve the management efficiency and the economic benefit of the sugarcane planting. The plot experiment shows that the emergence rate and tillering rate of wide-narrow row planting of the sugarcane are obviously superior to those of conventional field production with equal row spacing, the plant space distribution is reasonable, and the number of effective stems and the yield of sugarcane stems are obviously higher than those of field production with equal row spacing.
The wide-narrow row planting of the sugarcane is generally that a sugarcane planter is used for planting sugarcane seed stems in two narrow rows on two sides of the same planting ditch at the same time, namely the two narrow rows of the sugarcane are generally in a horizontal state or a slightly concave state. In the process of intertillage and hilling of the sugarcane, the inter-row soil of the two wide rows of the sugarcane is further cultivated to the root of the sugarcane and the space between the two narrow rows of the sugarcane. In the actual field planting process, less hilling is obtained on the side of the sugarcane close to the narrow rows, and a concave arc-shaped crater is often formed between the two narrow rows. The wide and narrow row craters are not beneficial to the growth of the sugarcanes, and the sugarcanes are easy to fall down, so that the yield of the sugarcane harvester is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a sugarcane planting and managing method for eliminating wide-narrow row craters, wherein a planting machine is improved, a raised soil pile is built between two narrow rows of sugarcanes while the sugarcanes are planted, and the soil between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes is basically leveled in the mechanical intertillage ridging process, so that the craters formed in the conventional sugarcane ridging process can be eliminated, the yield of the sugarcanes is improved, the mechanical harvesting loss is reduced, and the whole-process mechanical planting management of the sugarcanes is realized to improve the income of growers.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a sugarcane planting and managing method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, meanwhile, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.95-2.40 m;
(2) preparing sugarcane seeds: cutting the sugarcane stalks of the healthy seed stalks into standard double-bud-section sugarcane seeds by using a seed cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; the cut sugarcane seeds are used for planting after being soaked in the coating agent;
(3) planting: the working procedures of furrow-sowing rotary tillage soil crushing, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering are completed at one time by adopting a soil-building type efficient precise sugarcane planter;
adopting a wide-narrow row planting mode, wherein the row spacing of narrow-row sugarcanes is 35-40cm, and the row spacing of wide-row sugarcanes is 1.60-2.00 m;
the soil-building efficient precision sugarcane planter respectively seeds sugarcane seeds on two sides of the planting ditch, the seeding distance is the row spacing of narrow-row sugarcanes, and meanwhile, a soil pile is built in the middle of the planting ditch, namely between the two narrow-row sugarcanes; after covering soil, the height of a soil layer at the sugarcane seed position is lower than the height of a soil pile between two narrow rows of sugarcanes;
(4) field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: removing a mulching film of a planting row at the early tillering stage of the sugarcane, then spraying water and fertilizer by adopting a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, and simultaneously carrying out intertillage small ridging, namely, culturing soil on two sides of a planting ditch into the planting ditch to ensure that the height between the planting ditch and the ground between the rows is basically equal to or slightly lower than that of the soil layer at the sugarcane seed position, wherein the height of a soil pile between two narrow rows of the sugarcane is slightly higher than that of the soil layer at the sugarcane seed position, and the height difference between the top of the soil pile and the bottom of the planting ditch before planting is 10-15 cm;
b: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: carrying out intertillage ridging and weeding at the initial stage of sugarcane jointing, namely ridging soil on two sides of a planting ditch to planting rows to form planting ridges, enabling the height of the planting ridges to be 10-15cm higher than the ground between the rows, enabling the height of a soil pile between two rows of sugarcanes of the planting ridges to be basically equal to the height of a soil layer at sugarcane seeds, and forming water accumulation small ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm at two sides of the planting ridges,
c: in the middle and last ten days of 8 months at the later growth stage of the sugarcane, performing additional application of stem tapping fertilizer and ridging by using small and medium-sized machinery once, wherein the ridging height is 9-12cm, the height of each planting ridge is 20-25cm higher than the ground between every two rows, the space between two rows of the sugarcane at the top of each planting ridge is in a turtleback shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at two sides of each planting ridge, and a mulching film is laid between the ponding ditches of the two rows of planting ridges;
(5) harvesting: timely harvesting the mature sugarcane, uncovering the mulching film and mechanically stripping leaves before harvesting.
Preferably, mechanical stripping is performed one month before harvest, leaving only 7-8 green leaves on top of the cane.
When the sugarcane is planted, the convex soil pile is actively constructed between the two narrow-row sugarcanes, the soil between the two narrow-row sugarcanes can be basically leveled in the mechanical intertillage ridging process, so that the crater formed in the conventional sugarcane ridging process can be eliminated, the tillering rate of the sugarcanes is improved, the lodging resistance of the sugarcanes is improved, and the yield of the sugarcanes is improved.
Preferably, the fertilization management comprises:
in the step (3), 20-30kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 14:27:5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers, and pesticides are sprayed;
in the step A, the water and the fertilizer are as follows: 30-35kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer, 5-8kg of potassium fulvate and 5-8kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, 500kg of water is added firstly, and then the fertilizer is sprayed between sugarcane rows;
in the step B, 35-45kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 8: 15) is applied to each mu, and is matched with insecticide to control pests;
in the step C, the stem tapping fertilizer is a nitro phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 8: 15), and 30-35kg of the stem tapping fertilizer is applied per mu.
High-phosphorus humic acid-containing and amino acid-containing liquid fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, so that the tillering and stem-forming rate of the sugarcane is promoted, the sugarcane effective stems are mainly tillered, the main stems are assisted, and the plant height uniformity of the sugarcane is improved. The addition of silicon fertilizer in the base fertilizer can improve the lodging resistance of the sugarcane by combining with later-stage ridging improvement.
Preferably, the borer, thrips and cotton aphid are prevented and controlled by applying an insect-resistant agent when the base fertilizer and the stem-attacking fertilizer are applied; the method comprises the following steps of (1) preventing and treating the tip rot, brown streak and rust, wherein 50% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 65% zineb wettable powder is selected at the initial stage of disease, and is sprayed for 1 time in 7 days and 2-3 times continuously; or mixing 400-600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder with 1500 times of 25% milbemine suspension, and spraying for 3 times every 15 days; or spraying 1500-2000 times of 32.5% amikacin suspension for 1-2 times. The other pest control methods adopt the existing methods to carry out comprehensive control.
Preferably, in the step (2), the coating agent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% prochloraz, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.3 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water; and (4) soaking the cut sugarcane seeds in the coating agent for 25-30 minutes, taking out, airing and taking out for planting.
The sugarcane seed stems are soaked and disinfected by adopting the coating agent added with the lodging-resistant agent in the early stage, deep planting is adopted, silicon fertilizer is applied to serve as base fertilizer, potassium fertilizer is applied in the middle stage of sugarcane jointing, the lodging resistance of the sugarcane can be improved, and the lodging-resistant capability of the sugarcane can be further improved and the mechanical harvest loss rate can be reduced by combining mechanical leaf stripping and the like in the later stage.
Preferably, in the step (2), the sugarcane variety is any one of cassia sugar No. 29, cassia sugar No. 44, cassia sugar No. 47, cassia sugar No. 49 and cassia sugar No. 58; and after the healthy seed stems are stripped, the seeds are sunned for 1 to 2 days and then are cut.
Preferably, in step C, the mulching film is a black mulching film.
Preferably, the soil-building efficient precision sugarcane planter comprises:
the machine comprises a frame with traveling wheels, wherein two seed discharging devices are arranged above the frame, a rotary tillage device is arranged at the front part below the frame, a planting and ridging device and a soil building device are arranged behind the rotary tillage device, the planting and ridging device comprises a planting groove, a soil separating plate and a ridging plate, and the soil building device comprises a soil building plate;
the two planting grooves correspond to the seeding positions of the two seeding devices, the cross section of each planting groove is U-shaped or V-shaped, and the opening faces backwards; the middle upper parts of the outer sides of the two planting grooves are provided with the soil separating plates, the front ends of the soil separating plates are fixed with the front parts of the planting grooves, and the rear ends of the soil separating plates are obliquely arranged outwards; the lower part of the outer side of the planting groove is provided with the ridging plate, and one side of the ridging plate is fixed with the rear part of the planting groove;
two plant the inslot side and be equipped with respectively build the soil board, build the soil board by plant the groove front portion to plant the slope of groove rear portion and inwards set up to form the through-hole that the front end opening is big, the rear end opening is little, and the through-hole of rear end is triangle-shaped or trapezoidal big end down.
In wide narrow row sugarcane is planted, can build into the soil heap between two adjacent narrow rows, the sugarcane is planted and hills up the back, can form protruding form little soil heap between two adjacent narrow rows, the sugarcane intertillage hilling in-process, even the hilling that obtains is less between two narrow rows, can not form the inside volcanic vent that is the concave arc of narrow row yet, can eliminate traditional wide narrow row planting in-process, form the defect of sunken form volcanic vent easily between two narrow rows, be favorable to the growth in sugarcane later stage.
Preferably, the seed sowing device comprises a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a conveying belt, wherein partition plates are arranged on the conveying belt at intervals, partition blocks are uniformly arranged between every two adjacent partition plates at intervals, the length and the height of each partition block are smaller than those of each partition plate, at least two partition blocks are arranged in each row, and the connecting line of each row of partition blocks is parallel to the partition plates; the height of the partition plate is 2-4cm, and the height of the partition block is 0.5-1 cm.
When the manual seeding, once can take 6-10 sugarcane kind stems simultaneously, can spread out the sugarcane kind stem evenly through pressing, stirring, if have surplus, still can take up and put into the separation piece of next division board, compare with the every division board of tradition and place a sugarcane kind stem, the seed metering device of this application operation is more convenient, can improve the efficiency of manual seeding greatly. Wherein, every row sets up 2 and separates the piece, can plant the effective separation of sugarcane, even have sugarcane seed stem of certain crookedness, also can provide sufficient support.
Preferably, rotary cultivator attachment includes rotary tillage pivot and rotary blade, rotary tillage axle middle part is passed through drive assembly and is connected with the steering gear transmission of locating in the frame, the rotary blade of drive assembly both sides is followed the length direction of rotary tillage axle is the heliciform and arranges, and the tip of rotary blade is inside the bending.
The adjustment of the rotary tillage device is beneficial to the transmission of soil between the two planting grooves, and the soil pile is beneficial to the construction between two adjacent narrow rows in the planting process of the sugarcane.
Preferably, in the step (4), a weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine is adopted for intertillage, weeding, fertilizing and ridging, and the weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine comprises an intertillage rack, a weeding and ridging assembly and a fertilizer applicator;
the weeding hilling assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged below the intertillage rack, a weeding cutter disc is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the weeding cutter disc comprises a cutter holder fixed with the rotating shaft and a weeding cutter detachably connected with the cutter holder; sleeves are detachably sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft respectively, and the sleeves are provided with earthing knives; the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the power transmission assembly, and the power transmission assembly drives the rotating shaft to rotate reversely, namely the rotating direction of the rotating shaft is opposite to the advancing direction of the weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine; an arc soil retaining cylinder is further arranged on the intertillage rack above the rotating shaft, arc soil retaining plates are arranged on two sides of the arc soil retaining cylinder, and the arc soil retaining plates are connected with the soil retaining cylinder and are adjustable in angle.
During operation, the ridging knives on the two sides are driven by the rotating shaft to throw soil to the oblique upper parts of the left side and the right side of the ridging machine, and the throwing distance of the soil can be controlled through the rotating speed of the rotating shaft, so that the ridging machine can work between planting rows of sugarcane, and two rows of sugarcane are ridged simultaneously. Meanwhile, the hilling knife and the weeding cutter head can remove grass roots by turning and throwing the soil, so that the weeding function is realized. The application discloses subassembly antiport that earthes up weeds compares with traditional subassembly forward rotation that earthes up, can effectively improve the volume of earthing up, further eliminates the volcanic vent of narrow row sugarcane. Can be applied simultaneously when cultivating and hilling according to the requirement. In addition, because the earthing up sword is connected with the pivot for detachable, can select the earthing up sword of different length different shapes according to the earthing up demand of sugarcane different periods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method combines the planting mode with mechanical improvement, adopts the wide-narrow row planting mode, and plants the sugarcane in a deeper planting ditch, so that the sugarcane is not easy to be affected by drought to germinate; meanwhile, the planting machinery is improved, when the sugarcanes are planted, the raised soil piles are built between the two narrow-row sugarcanes, and in the mechanical intertillage ridging process, the soil between the two narrow-row sugarcanes is basically leveled, so that a crater formed in the conventional planted sugarcane ridging process can be eliminated, the growth of the sugarcanes is promoted, the lodging resistance of the sugarcanes is improved, the yield of the sugarcanes is improved, the mechanical harvesting loss is reduced, and the whole mechanical planting management process of the sugarcanes is promoted.
2. The invention optimizes fertilizer management: high-phosphorus humic acid-containing and amino acid liquid fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, so that the tillering and stem-forming rate of the sugarcane is promoted, the sugarcane effective stems are mainly tillered, the main stems are assisted, and the plant height uniformity of the sugarcane is improved; and a base fertilizer is applied with a phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K ═ 14:27:5) and a silicon fertilizer, and is combined with a stem supply fertilizer at a later stage, so that the growth requirements of the sugarcane at different stages are better met, and the yield of the sugarcane is further improved.
3. The invention adopts a comprehensive lodging-resistant technology, adopts the coating agent added with the lodging-resistant agent to soak and disinfect the seed stems of the sugarcane in the early stage, adopts deep seeds and applies silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, increases potassium fertilizer in the middle stage of jointing of the sugarcane, can improve the lodging resistance of the sugarcane, and can further improve the lodging-resistant capability of the sugarcane and reduce the loss rate of mechanical harvest by combining mechanical leaf stripping and the like in the later stage.
4. The soil-building type efficient precision sugarcane planter matched with the invention is additionally provided with a soil-building device, improves the planting and ridging device, eliminates wide and narrow row fire hills, improves the existing seed discharging device, reduces the height of the partition plates of a conveying belt in the existing seed discharging device, simultaneously, 6-10 rows of partition blocks are uniformly arranged between every two adjacent partition plates at intervals, and each row is provided with 2 partition blocks with lower height, so that the height of each partition block is smaller than the radius of a sugarcane seed stem, the sugarcane seed stems can be separated, and the sugarcane seed stems can be spread evenly. When the manual seeding, once can take 6-10 sugarcane kind stems simultaneously, can spread out the sugarcane kind stem evenly through pressing, stirring, if have surplus, still can take up and put into the separation piece of next division board, compare with the every division board of tradition and place a sugarcane kind stem, the seed metering device of this application operation is more convenient, can improve the efficiency of manual seeding greatly. Wherein, every row sets up 2 and separates the piece, can plant the effective separation of sugarcane, even have sugarcane seed stem of certain crookedness, also can provide sufficient support.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the soil-building type efficient precision sugarcane planter of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the planting and ridging apparatus and the soil building apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the seed metering device of the present invention.
Description of the main reference numerals:
100. a traveling wheel; 200. a frame; 300. a seed metering device; 310. a driving wheel; 320. a driven wheel; 330. a conveyor belt; 331. a partition plate; 332. a separation block; 400. a rotary tillage device; 410. a rotary tillage rotating shaft; 420. a rotary blade; 430. a transmission assembly; 440. a diverter; 500. a planting and ridging device; 510. planting grooves; 520. a soil separating plate; 530. a hilling plate; 531. a connecting portion; 540. a soil leveling plate 540; 550. building a soil plate; 600. a seed frame; 700. a seat; 800. shock-proof device.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1 soil-building type efficient precision sugarcane planter
As shown in fig. 1-3, a soil-building type high-efficiency precision sugarcane planter comprises: take frame 200 of walking wheel 100, frame 200 top is equipped with two seed metering devices 300, frame 200 below front is equipped with rotary cultivator attachment 400, rotary cultivator attachment 400 rear is equipped with planting device 500 of earthing up and builds the device, planting device 500 of earthing up includes planting groove 510, divides native board 520 and earthing up board 530, it includes earth building board 550 to build the device. The two planting grooves 510 correspond to the seeding positions of the two seeding devices 300. The planting machine can also be matched with a fertilizing device, a pesticide spraying device and a film covering device as required to complete the processes of furrow rotary tillage, soil crushing, fertilizer application, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering at one time.
Referring to fig. 2, the planting groove 510 has a U-shaped or V-shaped cross section and a rearward opening; the soil separating plate 520 is arranged at the middle upper part of the outer sides of the two planting grooves 510, the front ends of the soil separating plate 520 are fixed with the front parts of the planting grooves 510, and the rear ends of the soil separating plate 520 are arranged obliquely outwards; the lower part of the outer side of the planting groove 510 is provided with the ridging plate 530, and one side of the ridging plate 530 is fixed with the rear part of the planting groove 510. Specifically, the hilling plate 530 is provided with a connecting portion 531 with screw holes, the planting groove 510 is provided with screw holes, the hilling plate 530 is detachably connected with the planting groove 510 through bolts, and an included angle between the hilling plate 530 and the planting groove 510 can be adjusted. Soil homogenizing plates 540 are further arranged on the outer sides of the planting grooves 510 below the soil separating plates 520 and in front of the ridging plates 530, the soil homogenizing plates 540 and the planting grooves 510 are enclosed to form a triangle or a trapezoid with a small front and a large rear, and the height of each soil homogenizing plate 540 is 4-20 cm.
Two planting groove 510 inboard is equipped with respectively build native board 550, build native board 550 by planting the groove 510 anterior to planting groove 510 rear portion slope is inwards set up to form the big, the little through-hole of rear end opening of front end opening, and the through-hole of rear end is triangle-shaped or trapezoidal big end down. Preferably, the angle of inclination of the earth-building slab 550 is 40 to 50 °. The arrangement of the soil building plate 550 can actively build a convex soil pile between two narrow-row sugarcanes when the sugarcanes are planted, and the soil between the two narrow-row sugarcanes can be basically leveled in the mechanical intertillage ridging process, so that a crater formed in the conventional sugarcane ridging process can be eliminated, the growth of the sugarcanes can be promoted, the lodging resistance of the sugarcanes can be improved, and the yield of the sugarcanes can be improved.
The rotary tillage device 400 comprises a rotary tillage rotating shaft 410 and rotary tillage blades 420, the middle part of the rotary tillage rotating shaft is in transmission connection with a steering gear 440 arranged on the frame 200 through a transmission component 430, the rotary tillage rotating blades on two sides of the transmission component 430 are spirally arranged along the length direction of the rotary tillage rotating shaft, and the end parts of the rotary tillage blades 420 are bent towards the inner side. The adjustment of the rotary tillage device 400 is beneficial to the soil transfer between the two planting grooves 510, and the soil heap is beneficial to the construction between two adjacent narrow rows in the planting process of the sugarcane.
Referring to fig. 3, the seed metering device 300 includes a driving wheel 310, a driven wheel 320 and a conveying belt 330, wherein the conveying belt 330 is provided with partition plates 331 at intervals, partition blocks 332 are uniformly arranged between two adjacent partition plates 331 at intervals, the length and height of each partition block 332 are smaller than those of the partition plates 331, each row is provided with at least two partition blocks 332, and the connecting line of each row of partition blocks 332 is parallel to the partition plates 331; the height of the partition plate 331 is 2-4cm, and the height of the partition block 332 is 0.5-1 cm. Between two adjacent partitions 331 there are 6-10 rows of partitions 332, and each row has 2 partitions 332. Further, the seed discharging device 300 is transversely arranged, an inclined seed frame 600 is arranged at the front end of the seed discharging device 300, and a seat 700 is arranged at the rear end of the seed discharging device 300. When the manual seeding is carried out, 6-10 sugarcane seed stems can be taken at one time, the sugarcane seed stems can be spread evenly by pressing and stirring, if the sugarcane seed stems are left, the sugarcane seed stems can be taken up and placed in the separating block 332 of the next separating plate 331, compared with the traditional method that one sugarcane seed stem is placed in each separating plate, the seed sowing device 300 is more convenient to operate, and the manual seeding efficiency can be greatly improved. Wherein, 2 separating blocks 332 are arranged in each row, so that the sugarcane can be effectively separated from each other, and even the sugarcane seed stems with certain curvature can provide enough support.
The separating plates 331 (without the separating blocks 332) are arranged on the conveying belt 330 of the conventional seed metering device 300 at intervals, and the height of the separating plates 331 is generally 5-10cm, that is, the seed stems of the sugarcanes are completely separated by the separating plates 331 in the conventional seed metering device, so that a seeding worker needs to place the seed stems of the sugarcanes into the corresponding intervals of the separating plates 331 one by one, generally only 1-2 sugarcanes can be taken from a seed frame and placed into the corresponding intervals of the separating plates 331 each time, the operation efficiency is low, and seed leakage is easy. The seed metering device 300 reduces the height of the partition plates 331 on the conveying belt 330, the partition blocks 332 are arranged at intervals between every two adjacent partition plates 331, and a seeding person can take 6-10 sugarcane seed stems from a seed frame once and then evenly spread the sugarcane seed stems in the intervals of the corresponding partition blocks 332 by dialing. The operation convenience is improved, and the seed sowing speed is obviously improved. The separating blocks 332 with the height lower than that of the separating plate 331 are arranged at intervals in each row, so that the seed stems of the sugarcanes can be conveniently spread out, and compared with the separating plate 331, the separating blocks 332 arranged at intervals are more easily contacted and fixed with the seed stems of the sugarcanes with a certain curvature.
When the sugarcane planter works, the whole planter is driven by a tractor to operate, the rotary tillage device 400 smashes soil and collects the soil towards the middle of the rack 200, the seed sowing device 300 discharges sugarcane seed stems to the planting and ridging device 500, the planting and ridging device 500 guides the sugarcanes into the soil and rids the sugarcanes, and the soil building device builds small soil piles between two narrow-row sugarcane seeds. The soil heap built during planting can eliminate the defect that a sunken crater is easily formed between two narrow rows due to the fact that hilling is not in place in the traditional wide-narrow row planting and management process, growth and lodging resistance in the later period of sugarcane are facilitated, mechanical harvesting is achieved, and machine harvesting loss is reduced.
Example 2
A sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.95-2.40 m.
(2) Preparing sugarcane seeds: cutting the sugarcane stalks of the healthy seed stalks into standard double-bud-section sugarcane seeds by using a seed cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; the cut sugarcane seeds are used for planting after being soaked in the coating agent. Preferably, the healthy seed stems are peeled off, and then the seeds are cut after 1 to 2 days of sun seeding.
The coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% prochloraz, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.3 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water; and (4) soaking the cut sugarcane seeds in the coating agent for 25-30 minutes, taking out, airing and taking out for planting.
(3) Planting: the soil-building efficient precision sugarcane planter in the embodiment 1 is adopted to complete the processes of furrow-sowing rotary tillage soil crushing, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering at one time.
Applying 20-25kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 14:27:5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer to each mu to serve as base fertilizers, and adding 100 g/mu of fipronil and 100 g/mu of thiamethoxam; the seed amount is 3000-3200 buds/mu.
A wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted, the row spacing of narrow-row sugarcanes is 35-40cm, and the row spacing of wide-row sugarcanes is 1.60-2.00 m.
The soil-building efficient precision sugarcane planter respectively seeds sugarcane seeds on two sides of the planting ditch, the seeding distance is the row spacing of narrow-row sugarcanes, and meanwhile, a soil pile is built in the middle of the planting ditch, namely between the two narrow-row sugarcanes; after covering soil, the height of the soil layer at the sugarcane seeds is lower than the height of the soil pile between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes.
(4) Field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: in the early tillering stage of the sugarcane, firstly removing a mulching film of planting rows, then spraying water and fertilizer by adopting a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, applying 30-35kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer, 5-8kg of potassium fulvic acid and 5-8kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer per mu, adding 500kg of water and then spraying the water and fertilizer between the sugarcane rows. Intertillage and small hilling are carried out while water and fertilizer are applied, namely, soil on two sides of the planting ditch is filled into the planting ditch, so that the height between the planting ditch and the ground between the rows is basically equal to or slightly lower than that of the soil layer at the sugarcane seeds, the height of a soil pile between two narrow rows of sugarcanes is slightly higher than that of the soil layer at the sugarcane seeds, and the height difference between the top of the soil pile and the bottom of the planting ditch before seeding is 10-15 cm.
B: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: carrying out intertillage ridging and weeding at the initial stage of sugarcane jointing, namely ridging soil on two sides of a planting ditch towards planting rows to form planting ridges, enabling the height of the planting ridges to be 10-15cm higher than the ground between the rows, enabling the height of a soil pile between two rows of sugarcanes of the planting ridges to be basically equal to the height of a soil layer at sugarcane seeds, and forming small water accumulating ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm at two sides of the planting ridges. Meanwhile, 35-45kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 8: 15) is applied to each mu, and is matched with insecticide to prevent and control pests.
C: in the middle and late ten days of 8 months in the later growth period of the sugarcane, small and medium-sized machinery is adopted to apply stem tapping fertilizer once and culture soil, wherein the stem tapping fertilizer is nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 20: 8: 15), and 30-35kg of fertilizer is applied per mu. The ridging height is 9-12cm, the height of the planting ridges is 20-25cm higher than the inter-row ground, the space between two rows of sugarcanes at the tops of the planting ridges is in a turtle back shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at the two sides of the planting ridges, and a mulching film is paved between the ponding ditches of the two rows of planting ridges. The mulching film is a black mulching film. Water accumulation ditches are formed on two sides of the planting ridges in the later period, and mulching films are covered between the rows, so that rainwater can be fully accumulated and absorbed, the evaporation of water between the rows of the sugarcane is reduced, the utilization rate of rainfall is improved, the sugarcane is not easy to drought, and the stable yield production of the sugarcane is facilitated.
This ridging adopts weeding fertilization ridging all-in-one to carry out intertillage weeding fertilization ridging, weeding fertilization ridging all-in-one includes intertillage frame 200, weeding ridging subassembly and fertilizer applicator. The weeding hilling assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged below the intertillage rack 200, a weeding cutter disc is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the weeding cutter disc comprises a cutter holder fixed with the rotating shaft and a weeding cutter detachably connected with the cutter holder; sleeves are detachably sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft respectively, and the sleeves are provided with earthing knives; the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the power transmission assembly, and the power transmission assembly drives the rotating shaft to rotate reversely, namely the rotating direction of the rotating shaft is opposite to the advancing direction of the weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine; an arc soil retaining cylinder is further arranged on the intertillage rack 200 above the rotating shaft, arc soil retaining plates 530 are arranged on two sides of the arc soil retaining cylinder, and the arc soil retaining plates 530 are connected with the soil retaining cylinder and are adjustable in angle. During operation, the ridging knives on the two sides are driven by the rotating shaft to throw soil to the oblique upper parts of the left side and the right side of the ridging machine, and the throwing distance of the soil can be controlled through the rotating speed of the rotating shaft, so that the ridging machine can work between planting rows of sugarcane, and two rows of sugarcane are ridged simultaneously. Meanwhile, the hilling knife and the weeding cutter head can remove grass roots by turning and throwing the soil, so that the weeding function is realized. The application discloses subassembly antiport that earthes up weeds compares with traditional subassembly forward rotation that earthes up, can effectively improve the volume of earthing up, further eliminates the volcanic vent of narrow row sugarcane. Can be applied simultaneously when cultivating and hilling according to the requirement. In addition, because the earthing up sword is connected with the pivot for detachable, can select the earthing up sword of different length different shapes according to the earthing up demand of sugarcane different periods.
(5) And (3) pest and disease management: the borer, thrips and cotton aphid are prevented and controlled by applying an insect-resist agent when a base fertilizer and a stem-attacking fertilizer are applied; the method comprises the following steps of (1) preventing and treating the tip rot, brown streak and rust, wherein 50% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 65% zineb wettable powder is selected at the initial stage of disease, and is sprayed for 1 time in 7 days and 2-3 times continuously; or mixing 400-600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder with 1500 times of 25% milbemine suspension, and spraying for 3 times every 15 days; or spraying 1500-2000 times of 32.5% amikacin suspension for 1-2 times.
(6) Harvesting: timely harvesting the mature sugarcane, uncovering the mulching film and mechanically stripping leaves before harvesting.
Comparative example 1:
the method is a common wide-narrow row planting method, and planting management is performed by using traditional agricultural machinery equipment such as a planter and a banking machine. In the first two ridging processes of field management, a groove-shaped crater is formed between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes. The seed stems of the sugarcane are planted after being soaked in a coating agent containing a growth promoter and not containing an anti-lodging agent.
Comparative example 2
The method adopts a traditional equal-row-spacing planting mode, the planting density is 8000-9000 buds/mu, the planting row spacing is 0.9-1.0 meter, the equal-row-spacing planting is carried out, mechanical land preparation and row opening are carried out, manual planting is carried out, a common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (no nitrate fertilizer is applied) is applied in the planting process, a one-base one-topdressing method is adopted, manual operation is adopted for fertilizing and intertillage ridging, no water accumulation ditches are formed on the two sides of the planting rows, and herbicide spraying and weeding are separately required. In addition, before mechanical harvesting, leaf peeling is not carried out, and the harvesting is also manual operation.
The emergence rate of the sugarcane is investigated 1 month after the sugarcane is planted, and the agricultural traits such as tillering rate and plant height are investigated 3 months after the sugarcane is planted. And (4) spot-checking 6 rows in each planting method, counting the number of seedlings and tillering seedlings of the sugarcane, and calculating the tillering rate. Meanwhile, the lodging rate and the yield of the sugarcane are counted. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 survey table of emergence rate and tillering rate of sugarcane
Remarking: 1. the proportion of the number of plants at lodging angles reaches 50 percent; 2. 0-30 degrees of severe lodging; medium lodging at 30-60 degrees; greater than 60 degrees and does not fall down.
As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rate and tillering rate of wide-narrow row planted sugarcane are obviously superior to those of conventional equal-row-spacing field production. Compared with a planting mode that groove-shaped craters appear between narrow rows, the sugarcane seedling emergence and tillering method is better, and the lodging resistance and the yield of the sugarcane are also obviously improved.
To sum up, this application combines together planting mode and mechanical improvement, adopts the planting mode of wide narrow row to plant the sugarcane in darker planting ditch, make the sugarcane be difficult for suffering from the drought and influence the germination. Meanwhile, the planting machinery is improved, when the sugarcanes are planted, a convex soil pile is built between the two narrow rows of the sugarcanes, in the mechanical intertillage ridging process, the soil between the two narrow rows of the sugarcanes is basically leveled, so that a crater formed in the conventional sugarcane ridging process can be eliminated, the growth of the sugarcanes is promoted, the lodging resistance of the sugarcanes is improved, the effective stems can be increased, the yield of the sugarcanes is increased, the income of farmers is increased, and the whole-course mechanical planting management process of the sugarcanes is promoted.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, meanwhile, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.95-2.40 m;
(2) preparing sugarcane seeds: cutting the sugarcane stalks of the healthy seed stalks into standard double-bud-section sugarcane seeds by using a seed cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; the cut sugarcane seeds are used for planting after being soaked in the coating agent;
(3) planting: the working procedures of furrow-sowing rotary tillage soil crushing, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering are completed at one time by adopting a soil-building type efficient precise sugarcane planter;
adopting a wide-narrow row planting mode, wherein the row spacing of narrow-row sugarcanes is 35-40cm, and the row spacing of wide-row sugarcanes is 1.60-2.00 m;
the soil-building efficient precision sugarcane planter respectively seeds sugarcane seeds on two sides of the planting ditch, the seeding distance is the row spacing of narrow-row sugarcanes, and meanwhile, a soil pile is built in the middle of the planting ditch, namely between the two narrow-row sugarcanes; after covering soil, the height of a soil layer at the sugarcane seed position is lower than the height of a soil pile between two narrow rows of sugarcanes;
(4) field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: removing a mulching film of a planting row at the early tillering stage of the sugarcane, then spraying water and fertilizer by adopting a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, and simultaneously carrying out intertillage and small ridging, namely, culturing soil on two sides of a planting ditch into the planting ditch to ensure that the height between the planting ditch and the ground between the rows is basically equal to or slightly lower than 5cm, the height of a soil pile between two narrow rows of the sugarcane is slightly higher than the height of a soil layer at the position of the sugarcane seeds, and the height difference between the top of the soil pile and the bottom of the planting ditch before planting is 10-15 cm;
b: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: carrying out intertillage ridging and weeding at the initial stage of sugarcane jointing, namely ridging soil on two sides of a planting ditch to planting rows to form planting ridges, enabling the height of the planting ridges to be 10-15cm higher than the ground between the rows, enabling the height of a soil pile between two rows of sugarcanes of the planting ridges to be basically equal to the height of a soil layer at sugarcane seeds, and forming water accumulation small ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm at two sides of the planting ridges,
c: in the middle and last ten days of 8 months at the later growth stage of the sugarcane, using small and medium-sized machinery to perform operation from wide rows for one-time stem tapping fertilizer application and ridging, wherein the ridging height is 9-12cm, the height of each planting ridge is 20-25cm higher than the ground between the rows, the space between two rows of the sugarcane at the top of each planting ridge is in a turtle back shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at two sides of each planting ridge, and a mulching film is laid between the ponding ditches of the two rows of the planting ridges;
(5) harvesting: timely harvesting the mature sugarcane, uncovering the mulching film and mechanically stripping leaves before harvesting.
2. The sugarcane planting and management method of claim 1, wherein the fertilization management comprises:
in the step (3), 20-30kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =14:27: 5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers, and pesticides are sprayed;
in the step A, the water and the fertilizer are as follows: 30-35kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer, 5-8kg of potassium fulvate and 5-8kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, 500kg of water is added firstly, and then the fertilizer is sprayed between sugarcane rows;
in the step B, 35-45kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15) is applied to each mu, and a pesticide is matched to control pests;
in the step C, the stem tapping fertilizer is a nitro phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15), and 30-35kg of the stem tapping fertilizer is applied per mu.
3. The sugarcane planting and management method according to claim 1, further comprising pest management, wherein the borer, thrips and woolly aphid control is carried out by applying an insect repellent at the time of applying a base fertilizer and a stem-attacking fertilizer; the method comprises the following steps of (1) preventing and treating the tip rot, brown streak and rust, wherein 50% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 65% zineb wettable powder is selected at the initial stage of disease, and is sprayed for 1 time in 7 days and 2-3 times continuously; or mixing 400-600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder with 1500 times of 25% milbemine suspension, and spraying for 3 times every 15 days; or spraying 1500-2000 times of 32.5% amikacin suspension for 1-2 times.
4. The sugarcane planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the coating agent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% fenamido, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.3 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water; and (4) soaking the cut sugarcane seeds in the coating agent for 25-30 minutes, taking out, airing and taking out for planting.
5. The sugarcane planting and managing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the healthy seedlings are any one of the varieties of sugarcanes, namely, sweet-scented osmanthus No. 29, sweet-scented osmanthus No. 44, sweet-scented osmanthus No. 47, sweet-scented osmanthus No. 49 and sweet-scented osmanthus No. 58; and after the healthy seed stems are stripped, the seeds are sunned for 1 to 2 days and then are cut.
6. The sugar cane planting and management method of claim 1 wherein in step C the mulch film is a black mulch film.
7. The sugarcane planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein the soil-building high-efficiency precision sugarcane planter comprises:
the machine comprises a frame with traveling wheels, wherein two seed discharging devices are arranged above the frame, a rotary tillage device is arranged at the front part below the frame, a planting and ridging device and a soil building device are arranged behind the rotary tillage device, the planting and ridging device comprises a planting groove, a soil separating plate and a ridging plate, and the soil building device comprises a soil building plate;
the two planting grooves correspond to the seeding positions of the two seeding devices, the cross section of each planting groove is U-shaped or V-shaped, and the opening faces backwards; the middle upper parts of the outer sides of the two planting grooves are provided with the soil separating plates, the front ends of the soil separating plates are fixed with the front parts of the planting grooves, and the rear ends of the soil separating plates are obliquely arranged outwards; the lower part of the outer side of the planting groove is provided with the ridging plate, and one side of the ridging plate is fixed with the rear part of the planting groove;
two plant the inslot side and be equipped with respectively build the soil board, build the soil board by plant the groove front portion to plant the slope of groove rear portion and inwards set up to form the through-hole that the front end opening is big, the rear end opening is little, and the through-hole of rear end is triangle-shaped or trapezoidal big end down.
8. The sugarcane planting and management method according to claim 7, wherein the seed metering device comprises a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a conveying belt, partition plates are arranged on the conveying belt at intervals, partition blocks are evenly arranged between every two adjacent partition plates at intervals, the length and the height of each partition block are smaller than those of the partition plates, at least two partition blocks are arranged in each row, and the connecting line of the partition blocks in each row is parallel to the partition plates; the height of the partition plate is 2-4cm, and the height of the partition block is 0.5-1 cm.
9. The sugar cane planting and management method according to claim 7, wherein the rotary tillage device comprises a rotary tillage shaft and rotary tillage blades, the middle part of the rotary tillage shaft is in transmission connection with a steering gear arranged on the frame through a transmission assembly, the rotary tillage blades on two sides of the transmission assembly are spirally arranged along the length direction of the rotary tillage shaft, and the end parts of the rotary tillage blades are bent inwards.
10. The sugarcane planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging are carried out by adopting a weeding, fertilization and ridging integrated machine, and the weeding, fertilization and ridging integrated machine comprises an intertillage rack, a weeding and ridging assembly and a fertilizer applicator;
the weeding hilling assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged below the intertillage rack, a weeding cutter disc is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the weeding cutter disc comprises a cutter holder fixed with the rotating shaft and a weeding cutter detachably connected with the cutter holder; sleeves are detachably sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft respectively, and the sleeves are provided with earthing knives; the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the power transmission assembly, and the power transmission assembly drives the rotating shaft to rotate reversely, namely the rotating direction of the rotating shaft is opposite to the advancing direction of the weeding, fertilizing and ridging integrated machine; an arc soil retaining cylinder is further arranged on the intertillage rack above the rotating shaft, arc soil retaining plates are arranged on two sides of the arc soil retaining cylinder, and the arc soil retaining plates are connected with the soil retaining cylinder and are adjustable in angle.
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