CN111386997A - Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and in particular relates to a planting method for wide rows of sugarcane to preserve moisture, comprising the following steps: (1) land preparation; (2) seed stem preparation; (3) planting; (4) field management; (5) reward. The invention adopts the method of wide row and sparse planting, and plant sugarcane in the planting ditch, and then form a planting ridge after cultivating the soil. The ditch is covered with plastic film between the rows, which can fully store and absorb rainwater, reduce the evaporation of water between the sugarcane rows, make the growth of sugarcane less susceptible to dry weather, and help to stabilize and increase sugarcane production. At the same time, the method adopts comprehensive anti-lodging technology. In the early stage, a coating agent with anti-lodging agent is used to soak the seeds, deep seeds are used and silicon fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is applied in the middle stage of sugarcane jointing. Combined with the mechanical defoliation in the later stage, etc. Further improve the lodging resistance of sugarcane and reduce the loss rate of mechanical harvesting.

Description

A kind of planting method of sugarcane wide row to protect moisture

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and in particular relates to a planting method for wide rows of sugarcane to protect moisture.

Background technique

With the development of agricultural mechanization, in order to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of sugarcane production, mechanized production of sugarcane planting management is an effective measure. In the process of planting management, machinery such as seeders, fertilizer spreaders, soil cultivators, weeders, and defoliators generally require medium and large horsepower tractors to drive. Therefore, sugarcane planting must be planted in wide rows to ensure smooth operation of machinery. So as to realize mechanized production. The sugarcane planted in wide rows is more exposed than the traditional narrow row sugarcane planting. The sugarcane is closed late, and the water is easily lost by evaporation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects, provide a kind of planting method of sugarcane wide row to protect moisture, by utilizing the cultivating soil cultivation operation, in the early stage, a groove (crater shape) is formed on the top of the planting ridge, and in the later stage, the two sides of the planting ridge form stagnant water. The ditch is covered with plastic film between the rows, which can fully store and absorb rainwater, reduce the evaporation of water between sugarcanes, improve the utilization rate of rainfall, make sugarcane less susceptible to drought, increase sugarcane yield, and realize the whole process of mechanized planting management of sugarcane, thereby reducing production costs. , increasing the profitability of growers.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of planting method of sugarcane wide-row moisture preservation, comprising the steps:

(1) Soil preparation: Use the deep loosening machine to carry out deep plowing operations of more than 50cm, and at the same time use the deep loosening machine to open a planting trench with a depth of 30-35cm and a width of 40-50cm, and the distance between the centers of the two adjacent rows of planting trenches is 1.50- 2.50m;

(2) Seed stem preparation: Use the semi-annual healthy seed stems planted in professional nurseries, peel off the leaves and dry the seeds for 1-2 days, and then use a seed cutter to cut into standard double-bud segment sugarcane seeds, the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; The sugarcane seeds are soaked in the coating agent and then used for planting;

(3) Planting: The integrated sugarcane planting machine is used to complete the processes of row ditch rotary tillage, fertilization, planting, soil covering, spraying and film covering at one time; 20-30kg of nitrate-phosphorus compound fertilizer (N:P : K=14:27:5) and 5-8kg silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, and spraying pesticides; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, the planting mode is wide and narrow row mode, sugarcane is planted in the planting ditch, The row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcane in the planting furrow is 30-35cm, and the wide row spacing between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m;

(4) Field management: A: cultivating and fertilizing small soil: in the early stage of sugarcane tillering, remove the mulch film of the planting row, and then use the liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator to spray water and fertilizer, 30-35kg of nitrate-phosphorus compound fertilizer per mu (N:P : K=19:27:0), 5-8kg of potassium fulvic acid, 5-8kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer mixed with 500kg of water, drench the sugarcane row, and carry out cultivating small soil, that is, the soil on both sides of the planting ditch is put into the planting ditch Fill in the middle, so that the height of the planting ditch and the planting row are basically the same or slightly lower, and a crater-shaped groove is formed between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes, and the depth of the groove bottom and groove top of the groove is 6-10cm;

B: Intertillage, weeding, fertilization and soil cultivation: In the early stage of sugarcane jointing, intertillation and weeding are carried out, that is, the soil on both sides of the planting ditch is cultivated to the planting row to form a planting ridge, so that the height of the planting ridge is 10-15cm higher than the row, and two rows of sugarcane in the ridge are planted. There are still crater-shaped grooves between the grooves, the depth of the bottom and top of the groove is 6-8cm, and a small groove with a depth of 5-8cm and a width of 12-15cm is formed on both sides of the planting ridge. N:P:K=20:8:15) 35-45 kg, with pesticides to control pests;

C: In the middle and late August of the sugarcane growth stage, apply an additional 30-35 kg of stalk-tapping fertilizer, which is nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:15); The height of the soil is 9-12cm (preferably about 10cm), so that the height of the planting ridge is 20-25 cm higher than that between the rows, the two rows of sugarcane on the top of the planting ridge are turtle-shaped, and the sides of the planting ridge are 10-12 cm deep and wide. 12-15cm small ditch with stagnant water, and cover the open space between the two stagnant ditches with mulch. Laying mulch between the wide rows of sugarcane can reduce the evaporation of water between the sugarcane rows, and the setting of small ditch for stagnant water is beneficial to the growth of sugarcane.

(5) Harvest: The sugarcane is harvested in time after maturity.

Preferably, in step (5), one month before the sugarcane is harvested, first remove the plastic film between the rows, and then mechanically peel the leaves once, leaving only 7-8 green leaves on the top of the sugarcane.

Preferably, in step (2), the coating agent is composed of the following parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulators, 0.5-0.7 parts of 40% difenoconazole, 40% acetaminophen 1-1.2 parts of amine, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.2 part of anti-falling agent, 0.1-0 part of spreading agent .2 parts, the balance being water. The ingredients such as the anti-falling agent are purchased from the market, and are mixed according to the required ratio to prepare a coating agent.

Preferably, the cut cane seeds are soaked in a coating agent for 25-30 minutes, then picked up to dry, and then planted.

Preferably, in steps (3) and (4), the pesticides are: 9080 (tetrachlorantraniliprole) and cypermethoxam, both of which are applied in an amount of 20-25 ml/mu.

Preferably, in step (2), the sugarcane variety is any one of Guitang No. 29, Guitang No. 44, Guitang No. 47, Guitang No. 49, and Guitang No. 52.

Preferably, in step C, the mulch is a black equal-width mulch.

Preferably, in step (3), the integrated sugarcane planter includes:

A trench opener (4) is provided with a soil dividing portion at one end, and a seed discharge port (41) is provided at the other end of the trench opener (4), the seed discharge port (41) and the seed inlet port (42) are connected, and a rotary tiller group (3) and a rotary tiller (2) are arranged in sequence along one end of the opener (4) extending outwards;

The seed metering device (5) includes a conveyor belt (51), the conveyor belt (51) is arranged on the frame (1) through rollers (52), and the discharge end of the conveyor belt (51) is connected to the Corresponding to the seed inlet (42), a plurality of spacers (53) are provided at intervals on the conveying surface of the conveying belt (51);

A fertilizer spreader (6), comprising an automatic fertilizer discharge device, a fertilizer inlet (61) of the automatic fertilizer discharge device is communicated with the interior of a fertilizer storage box (63), and a fertilizer discharge port (62) of the automatic fertilizer discharge device ) is located between the unloading end of the conveyor belt (51) and the rotary blade group (3); and

A soil mulching film device (7), comprising a soil inlet (71), the width of the soil inlet (71) is greater than the width of the seed discharge opening (41) and is in line with the seed discharge opening (41) Yes, the soil inlet (71) extends in a direction away from the seed discharge opening (41) and gradually narrows to form a soil discharge opening (72), and a cover film assembly is provided along the soil discharge opening (72).

Preferably, the rotary tiller group (3) comprises a rotary tiller shaft (31), the rotary tiller shaft (31) is provided with a rotary tiller blade (32), and the rotary tiller shaft (31) is connected to the The output end of the first gear box (33) on the frame (1) is connected, the input end of the first gear box (33) is connected with the spline shaft (34), and the rotary tiller shaft (31) is located in the between the rotary plough (2) and the soil division.

Preferably, in step B, a weeding, fertilizing, and soil-cultivating integrated machine is used to perform inter-cultivation, weeding, fertilizing, and soil-cultivation, and the weeding, fertilizing, and soil-cultivating integrated machine includes:

The weeding and soil-cultivating assembly includes a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged under the cultivator frame, and a weeding cutter disc is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the weeding cutter disc includes a cutter seat fixed to the rotating shaft and a Detachable connected weeding knives; two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively sleeved with sleeves in a detachable manner, on which a cultivating knife is installed; the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by a power transmission assembly; The cultivator frame is also provided with an arc-shaped earth retaining cylinder, and two sides of the arc-shaped soil retaining cylinder are provided with arc-shaped earth-cultivation plates, the arc-shaped earth-cultivation plates are connected with the earth retaining cylinder, and the angle is adjustable; and

A fertilizer applicator, comprising an automatic fertilization device and a cultivator storage box, the automatic fertilization device is provided with a cultivator feed port, the cultivator feed port is communicated with the interior of the cultivator storage box, and the automatic fertilization device The cultivator outlet is connected with the cultivator fertilization pipe.

When working, the soil cultivating knives on both sides will throw the soil to the upper left and right sides of the soil cultivator through the drive of the rotating shaft, and the throwing distance of the soil can be controlled by the rotation speed of the rotating shaft, so that the soil cultivating machine can work between the sugarcane planting rows. , and cultivating soil for two rows of sugar cane at the same time. At the same time, the soil cultivating knife and the weeding knife disc can remove grass roots and realize the function of weeding by turning the soil. Fertilizer can be applied at the same time as cultivating soil as needed. In addition, since the cultivating knife and the rotating shaft are detachably connected, cultivating knives with different lengths and shapes can be selected according to the needs of sugarcane cultivation in different periods.

Preferably, the end of the weeding knife is bent, and the end of the cultivating knife is bent outward; the distance from the end of the cultivating knife to the axis of the rotating shaft is greater than the distance from the end of the weeding knife to the axis of the rotating shaft . The length of the cultivator knife is longer than the length of the weeding knife, which is more conducive to cultivating the soil between the rows to the sugar cane planting row. In addition, small ditches are formed on both sides of the planting row, which is more conducive to the collection and drainage of rainwater (when rainwater needs to be collected, both ends of the small ditch can be closed, and when drainage is required, the small ditch is connected to the drainage ditch)

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1, the present invention adopts the mode of wide row and sparse planting, and the sugarcane is planted in a deeper planting ditch, so that the sugarcane is not easily affected by drought and germinates, and by utilizing the cultivating soil cultivation operation, a groove (volcano) is formed on the top of the planting ridge in the early stage. In the later stage, small ditches with water accumulation are formed on both sides of the planting ridges, and mulch film is covered between the rows, which can fully store and absorb rainwater, reduce the evaporation of water between the sugarcane rows, improve the utilization rate of rainfall, and make the sugarcane less susceptible to drought, which is beneficial to the sugarcane. Stable production. At the same time, the innovative planting mode and soil cultivation mode are used together, and equipped with special equipment such as weeding, fertilizing and soil cultivation integrated machine, so that the whole process of sugarcane field management can be mechanized (without manual assistance for weeding and soil cultivation, etc.), which can effectively reduce sugarcane planting. The cost of labor management is reduced, and the efficiency of farming management is improved. Even if a large area is planted, it can catch up with the agricultural time in time. It is especially suitable for large-scale planting applications, and its comprehensive economic benefits are remarkable.

2. The present invention adopts comprehensive anti-lodging technology, adopts the coating agent added with anti-lodging agent to soak and sterilize sugarcane seed stems in the early stage, adopts deep planting and applies silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, and increases potassium fertilizer in the middle of sugarcane jointing, which can improve the quality of sugarcane. The lodging resistance, combined with the mechanical defoliation in the later stage, can further improve the lodging resistance of sugarcane and reduce the loss rate of mechanical harvesting.

3. The present invention applies high-phosphorus-containing humic acid and amino acid liquid fertilizers in the tillering stage to improve the rate of tillering into stems, so that the effective stems of sugarcane are mainly based on tillers, and the main stems are supplemented, so as to improve the uniformity of sugarcane plant height, while peeling leaves at a later stage can reduce the production of sugarcane. Reducing the impurity content of mechanical harvesting and improving the harvesting quality is beneficial to the promotion of sugarcane mechanization.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the planting and soil cultivation mode schematic diagram of sugarcane of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the sugarcane planter of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the sugarcane planter viewed from the bottom.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the opener.

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotary tiller and the rotary tiller group.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed meter.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fertilizer applicator.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-covering film device.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated machine for weeding, fertilizing, and cultivating soil.

Fig. 10 is a structural diagram of the weeding and soil-cultivation assembly of the all-in-one weeding, fertilizing, and soil-cultivating machine.

Description of main reference signs:

1-Frame, 2-Rotary plough, 3-Rotary cultivator set, 4-Ditch opener, 5-Seed metering device, 6-Fertilizer, 7-Soil mulching film device, 8-Ttraction base, 9-Seat Bench, 11-Clapboard, 12-Fence, 31-Rotary tiller shaft, 32-Rotary tiller blade, 33-First gear box, 34-Spline shaft, 41-Seed outlet, 42-Seed inlet, 43- Soil dividing plate, 44- Soil dividing blade, 45- Guide plate, 46- Connecting plate, 51- Conveyor belt, 52- Roller, 53- Spacer bar, 54- Press bar, 55- Spring, 56- Second hydraulic pump, 61 - Fertilizer inlet, 62- Fertilizer outlet, 63- Fertilizer storage box, 64- Fertilizer discharge cylinder, 65- Screw, 66- Second gear box, 67- First hydraulic pump, 68- Shaft seat, 71- Soil feed mouth, 72-soil outlet, 73-cover film rotating shaft, 74-arc plate, 75-covering board, 76-cover film assembly bracket, 77-connecting shaft, 78-filming wheel arm, 79-filming wheel, 710-covering wheel arm, 711-covering wheel, 81-traction hole, 82-spring rod, 13-cultivator frame, 14-rotating shaft, 15-weeding blade, 151-weeding knife, 152-knife holder, 16-set Cylinder, 17- Cultivation Knife, 18- Arc Earth Retaining Cylinder, 19- Arc Cultivation Plate, 20- Fertilizer, 21- Mulch.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

Example 1

The experimental site is located in Guangxi Sugar Cane Shuanggao Base, and the sugarcane variety is Guitang 29. The planting method includes the following steps:

(1) Soil preparation: Use the deep loosening machine to carry out deep plowing operations of more than 50cm, and at the same time use the deep loosening machine to open a planting trench with a depth of 30-35cm and a width of 40-50cm, and the distance between the centers of the two adjacent rows of planting trenches is 1.50- 2.50m.

(2) Seed stem preparation: Choose Guitang No. 29 variety, use the semi-annual healthy seed stems grown in professional nurseries, peel off the leaves, and dry the seeds for 1-2 days, and then use a seed cutter to cut into standard double-bud segment sugarcane seeds, sugarcane seeds The length is 20-25 cm; the cut cane seeds are soaked in the coating agent for 30 minutes, then picked up to dry, and then planted. The coating agent is made up of the following parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulators, 0.5-0.7 parts of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% prochloraz, 35 parts % Chlorantraniliprole 1-1.2 part, polyamino acid salt 0.5-1 part, anti-falling agent 0.1-0.2 part, spreading agent 0.1-0.2 part, and the balance is water.

(3) Planting: The integrated sugarcane planter is used to complete the processes of rotary plowing and crushing soil, fertilizing, planting, covering soil, spraying and film covering at one time; 20-25kg of nitrate-phosphorus compound fertilizer (N:P : K=14:27:5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, add fipronil 100g/mu, cyproterin 100g/mu; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, and the planting pattern is wide and narrow rows Pattern, the row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcane in the planting furrow is 30-35cm, and the wide row spacing between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m.

(4) Field management: A: cultivating and fertilizing small soil: in the early stage of sugarcane tillering, first remove the plastic film of the planting row, and then use the liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator to drench water and fertilizer, and 30kg of nitrate-phosphorus compound fertilizer per mu (N:P:K =19:27:0), 5kg of potassium humate, 5kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 500kg of water, spray the sugarcane row, and carry out cultivating and small soil cultivation, that is, fill the soil on both sides of the planting ditch into the planting ditch to make the planting ditch The height of the planting row is basically the same or slightly lower, and a crater-shaped groove is formed between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes, and the depth of the bottom and top of the groove is 6-10cm.

B: Intertillage, weeding, fertilization and soil cultivation: In the early stage of sugarcane jointing, intertillation and weeding are carried out, that is, the soil on both sides of the planting ditch is cultivated to the planting row to form a planting ridge, so that the height of the planting ridge is 10-15cm higher than the row, and two rows of sugarcane in the ridge are planted. There are still crater-shaped grooves between the grooves, the depth of the bottom and top of the groove is 6-8cm, and a small groove with a depth of 5-8cm and a width of 12-15cm is formed on both sides of the planting ridge. N:P:K=20:8:15) 35 kg, and add 20 ml/mu of 9080 (tetrachlorantraniliprole) and 25 ml/mu of thimerosine to control pests.

C: In the middle and late August of the sugarcane growth stage, apply an additional 30 kg stem-tapping fertilizer, which is nitrophosphate-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:15); The height of the soil is 9-12cm, so that the height of the planting ridge is 20-25cm higher than that between the rows, the two rows of sugarcane on the top of the planting ridge are turtle-shaped, and the sides of the planting ridge form 10-12cm deep and 12-15cm wide. Small ditches, and cover the space between the two stagnant ditches with plastic film. The mulch film can be a black equal-width mulch film 21 .

(5) Harvest: The sugarcane is harvested in time after maturity. One month before the sugarcane is harvested, first remove the mulch between the rows, and then mechanically peel the leaves once, leaving only 7-8 green leaves on the top of the sugarcane.

The specific soil cultivation mode can refer to Figure 1. The realization of the soil cultivation mode is mainly realized through the self-designed weeding, fertilizing and soil cultivation integrated machine that can adjust the amount and height of soil cultivation. In the early stage, the sugarcane was planted in the planting ditch, which is beneficial to absorb and utilize rainwater and prevent the germination of sugarcane from being affected by drought. The first time to cultivate the soil is a small amount of soil. At this time, the sugarcane plants grow shorter and have more leaves. When the soil is cultivated, the soil is not easy to enter between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes, so a crater-shaped groove is formed between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes. It is beneficial to store rainwater and supply sugarcane to grow. When cultivating soil for the second time, the longer cultivating knife can be replaced to increase the amount of soil cultivating. Not only a crater-like groove is formed between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes, but also small ditches for water accumulation are formed on both sides of the planting ridge, which is beneficial to the sugarcane absorbing and storing rainwater. In the last time, the blade-type soil-cultivation knife with a large amount of soil-cultivation was replaced to further increase the amount of soil-cultivation. At this time, the sugarcane had grown tall, and the leaves at the base of the sugarcane were dead or dropped. The gap between the narrow rows of sugarcane will finally form a turtle-shaped sugarcane ridge, which is beneficial to the later growth of sugarcane and mechanical harvesting.

Example 2

The experimental site is located in Guangxi Sugar Cane Shuanggao Base, and the sugarcane variety is Guitang 29. The planting method includes the following steps:

(1) Soil preparation: Use the deep loosening machine to carry out deep plowing operations of more than 50cm, and at the same time use the deep loosening machine to open a planting trench with a depth of 30-35cm and a width of 40-50cm, and the distance between the centers of the two adjacent rows of planting trenches is 1.50- 2.50m.

(2) Seed stem preparation: Choose Guitang No. 29 variety, use the semi-annual healthy seed stems grown in professional nurseries, peel off the leaves, and dry the seeds for 1-2 days, and then use a seed cutter to cut into standard double-bud segment sugarcane seeds, sugarcane seeds The length is 20-25 cm; the cut cane seeds are soaked in the coating agent for 25 minutes, then picked up to dry, and then planted. The coating agent is made up of the following parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulators, 0.5-0.7 parts of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% prochloraz, 35 parts % Chlorantraniliprole 1-1.2 part, polyamino acid salt 0.5-1 part, anti-falling agent 0.1-0.2 part, spreading agent 0.1-0.2 part, and the balance is water.

(3) Planting: The integrated sugarcane planting machine is used to complete the processes of row ditch rotary tillage, fertilization, planting, soil covering, spraying and film covering at one time; 25-30kg of nitrate-phosphorus compound fertilizer (N:P : K=14:27:5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer as base fertilizer, add fipronil 100g/mu, cyproterin 100g/mu; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, and the planting pattern is wide and narrow rows Pattern, the row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcane in the planting furrow is 30-35cm, and the wide row spacing between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m.

(4) Field management: A: cultivating and fertilizing small soil: in the early stage of sugarcane tillering, first remove the mulch film of the planting row, and then use the liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator to spray water and fertilizer, 35kg of nitrate-phosphorus compound fertilizer per mu (N:P:K = 19:27:0), 8kg of potassium humate, 5kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 500kg of water, and cultivating small soil, that is, filling the soil on both sides of the planting ditch into the planting ditch to make the height of the planting ditch and the planting row. It is basically flat or slightly lower, and a crater-like groove is formed between the two narrow rows of sugarcanes, and the depth of the bottom and top of the groove is 6-10cm.

B: Intertillage, weeding, fertilization and soil cultivation: In the early stage of sugarcane jointing, intertillation and weeding are carried out, that is, the soil on both sides of the planting ditch is cultivated to the planting row to form a planting ridge, so that the height of the planting ridge is 10-15cm higher than the row, and two rows of sugarcane in the ridge are planted. There are still crater-shaped grooves between the grooves, the depth of the bottom and top of the groove is 6-8cm, and a small groove with a depth of 5-8cm and a width of 12-15cm is formed on both sides of the planting ridge. N:P:K=20:8:15) 40 kg, and add 20 ml/mu of 9080 (tetrachlorantraniliprole) and 25 ml/mu of thimerogazine to control pests.

C: In the middle and late August of the sugarcane growth stage, apply an additional 30 kg stem-tapping fertilizer, which is nitrophosphate-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:15); The height of the soil is 9-12cm, so that the height of the planting ridge is 20-25cm higher than that between the rows, the two rows of sugarcane on the top of the planting ridge are turtle-shaped, and the sides of the planting ridge form 10-12cm deep and 12-15cm wide. Small ditches, and cover the space between the two stagnant ditches with plastic film. The mulch film can be a black equal-width mulch film 21 . The specific soil cultivation mode can refer to Figure 1.

(5) Harvest: The sugarcane is harvested in time after maturity. One month before the sugarcane is harvested, first remove the mulch between the rows, and then mechanically peel the leaves once, leaving only 7-8 green leaves on the top of the sugarcane.

Example 3

As shown in Figures 2-8, the integrated sugarcane planter used in the above embodiment includes: a frame 1, a rotary tiller 2, a rotary tiller group 3, a trencher 4, a seed metering device 5, a fertilizer spreader 6, a soil cover Cover film device 7, traction seat 8, seat 9, partition 11, fence 12, rotary tiller shaft 31, rotary tiller blade 32, first gear box 33, spline shaft 34, seed discharge port 41, seed inlet 42 , Soil dividing plate 43, Soil dividing blade 44, guide plate 45, connecting plate 46, conveyor belt 51, roller 52, spacer 53, pressure strip 54, spring 55, second hydraulic pump 56, fertilizer inlet 61, fertilizer outlet 62, fertilizer storage box 63, fertilizer discharge cylinder 64, screw 65, second gear box 66, first hydraulic pump 67, shaft seat 68, soil inlet 71, soil discharge port 72, cover film rotating shaft 73, circular arc plate 74 , the soil cover plate 75, the cover film assembly bracket 76, the connecting shaft 77, the lamination wheel arm 78, the lamination wheel 79, the soil cover wheel arm 710, the soil cover wheel 711, the traction hole 81 and the spring rod 82. The front end of the frame 1 is provided with three traction seats 8 in the shape of a zigzag. The traction seats 8 extend toward the front of the frame 1 . A rotary plough 2 is arranged on the frame behind the traction base, the plowshare of the rotary plough 2 extends to the bottom of the frame 1 , and the rotary plough 2 is located behind the traction hole 8 . A rotary tiller group 3 is arranged behind the rotary tiller 2 , and the rotary tiller group 3 includes a rotary tiller shaft 31 horizontally arranged along the left and right directions of the frame 1 . The tiller 32 is arranged around the axis of the tiller shaft 31; the tiller shaft 31 is connected to the output end of the first gear box 33, the first gear box 33 is arranged on the frame 1, the first gear The input end of the box 33 is connected with the spline shaft 34 , and the spline shaft 34 faces the front end of the frame 1 . A trench opener 4 is provided behind the rotary tiller group 3, and one end of the trench opener 4 is a soil dividing part, which is composed of two soil dividing plates 43, and one end of the two soil dividing plates 43 is welded to each other to form a vertical Soil dividing blade 44, the other ends of the two soil dividing plates 43 extend to the rear and gradually separate, the soil dividing blade 44 is opposite to the rotary tiller group 3; one end of the guide plate 45 is connected with the other end of the soil dividing plate 43, two The other end of the guide plate 45 continues to extend backward, and the two guide plates 45 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the rotary tiller shaft 31; The other end of the guide plate 45 forms the seed outlet 41 , and the other side of the connecting plate 46 , the sides of the two guide plates 45 and the sides of the two soil dividing plates 43 together form the seed inlet 42 . The seed metering device 5 includes a conveyor belt 51. The feeding end of the conveyor belt 51 is located near the rear end of the frame 1. The conveyor belt 51 is transported horizontally from the feeding end to the front end of the frame 1, and then turns diagonally downward and downward. For material end conveying, a roller 52 is set at the feeding end of the conveyor belt 51, the feeding end and the bending part; the roller 52 located at the feeding end of the conveyor belt 51 is connected to the output end of the second hydraulic pump 56 The unloading end of the conveyor belt 51 is located above the seed inlet 42, so that the sugarcane seed stems can fall into the seed inlet 42 from the unloading end of the conveyor belt 51; the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 51 is provided with the same interval. A plurality of spacer bars 53, the spacer bars 53 are perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 51; two mutually parallel beading bars 54 are arranged above the conveying surface near the unloading end of the conveying belt 51, and one side of the beading bars 54 is close to the spacer bar The top edge of the pressure strip 53 is perpendicular to the spacer 53. The other side of the pressure strip 54 is connected to the frame 1 through a spring 55, and one side of the pressure strip 54 is made of rubber. The fertilizer applicator is composed of a fertilizer storage box 63 and an automatic fertilizer application device. The fertilizer storage box 63 is fixed on the frame 1. The bottom of the inner cavity of the fertilizer storage box 63 gradually shrinks downward and communicates with the fertilizer inlet 61 of the automatic fertilizer application device; The fertilization device comprises a fertilization cylinder 64, which is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer storage box 63, a fertilization inlet 61 is opened on the side of the fertilization cylinder 64, and a fertilization outlet 62 is opened at both ends of the fertilization cylinder 64, The fertilizer discharge port 62 is located between the feeding end of the conveyor belt 51 and the rotary tiller group 3; the screw 65 is sheathed in the fertilizer discharge cylinder 64, and both ends of the screw 65 protrude from the two ends of the fertilizer discharge cylinder 64 and pass through the shaft seat 68 is fixed on the frame 1; one end of the screw 65 is connected with the output end of the second gear box 66, and the input end of the second gear box 66 is connected with the first hydraulic pump 67. The soil-covering film device 7 includes two soil-covering plates 75. The soil-covering plates 75 are provided with double-row screw holes. The soil-covering plate 75 is fixed to the end of the cover-membrane component bracket 76 by bolts passing through the double-row screw holes. A soil discharge opening 72 is formed between one end, and the other ends of the two soil covering plates 75 are bent to the front side of the soil discharge opening 72 to form a soil intake opening 71. The seed opening 41 is relatively positive, and the width of the soil inlet 71 is also greater than the width of the soil discharge opening 72; the cover film assembly includes the cover film rotating shaft 73, the arc plate 74, the connecting shaft 77, the film pressing wheel arm 78, the film pressing wheel 79, The soil-covering wheel arm 710, the soil-covering wheel 711 and the spring rod 82; the cover film rotating shaft 73 is arranged on the cover film assembly bracket 76 in a rotatable manner, the axis of the cover film rotating shaft 73 is perpendicular to the guide plate 45, and the arc plate 74 is fixed on the Between the cover film rotating shaft 73 and the soil discharge opening 72 , the arc of the circular arc plate 74 is arched toward the side of the soil discharge opening 72 , the opening of the circular arc plate 74 faces the cover film rotating shaft 73 , and the arc surface of the circular arc plate 74 is arched. Its axis is parallel to the axis of the cover film rotating shaft 73; the connecting shaft 77 is fixed behind the cover film rotating shaft 73 and is parallel to the cover film rotating shaft 73; one end of the two soil-covering wheel arms 710 are respectively connected with both ends of the connecting shaft 77, and the soil-covering wheel The other end of the arm 710 extends to the rear of the connecting shaft 77 and can swing around the connecting shaft 77. The other end of the soil-covering wheel arm 710 is provided with a soil-covering wheel 711. The axes of the two soil-covering wheels 711 point to the mulching film rotating shaft 73 and gradually approaching each other into a V-shape; one end of the two lamination wheel arms 78 is respectively connected with the middle of the connecting shaft 77 with a certain distance therebetween, and the other end of the covering wheel arm 78 extends to the rear of the connecting shaft 77 and can be The connecting shaft 77 swings as the axis, and the other end of the lamination wheel arm 78 is provided with a lamination wheel 79. The lamination wheel 79 is located between the cover film rotating shaft 73 and the soil cover wheel 711; the soil cover wheel arm 710 and the bottom of the frame 1 A spring rod 82 is provided therebetween, and a spring rod 82 is also provided between the film pressing wheel arm 78 and the bottom of the frame 1 . The frame 1 is provided with a partition 11 , and each side of the conveyor belt 51 is provided with a seat 9 , the seat 9 is fixed on the partition 11 , and a fence 12 is arranged around the partition 11 .

When in use, firstly connect the traction seat 8 with the rear suspension of the tractor through the traction hole 81, connect the power take-off shaft of the tractor with the spline shaft 34, and connect the first hydraulic pump 67 and the second hydraulic pressure 56 to the hydraulic station of the tractor respectively. Connect; then add fertilizer into the fertilizer storage box 63, cover the mulch reel on the cover film rotating shaft 73, and then pull the mulch from the mulch reel and press it under the two lamination wheels 79; finally start the tractor to carry out Operation. During operation, the operator sits on two benches 9 and places the cut sugarcane stems on the feeding end of the conveyor belt 51 and between two adjacent spacers 53 .

Working principle: The equipment first ploughs the soil through the rotary plough 2, then loosens the soil through the rotary plough blade group 3, and then divides the loosened soil through the soil dividing part of the opener 4 to open the soil. The guide plate 45 on the trencher 4 forms a trench in the divided soil; the seed meter 5 can discharge the sugarcane seed stems into the trench in a horizontal direction, and the bead 54 can ensure that the seed stems fall into the trench The balance stability of the mid-time posture; at the same time of seeding, the fertilizer applicator 6 can spread the fertilizer together with the sugarcane seed stems in the groove, because both sides of the fertilizer discharging cylinder 64 in the fertilizer applicator 6 are provided with fertilizer discharging port 62, so when the fertilization cylinder 64 is blocked, it is only necessary to control the reverse rotation of the screw 65 to dredge the fertilization channel. After completion, the soil covering plate 75 can backfill the soil that has been turned up on both sides of the trench back into the trench for soil covering, and the ground after the soil covering is leveled through the arc surface of the arc-shaped plate 74. The installation height of the soil covering plate 75 It can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the bolts and the double-row screw holes they are installed on, changing the height of the soil discharge opening 72, thereby changing the thickness of the covering soil; Part of the mulch is pressed under the lamination wheel 79. As the equipment moves forward, the mulch is always pressed on the groove by the lamination wheel 79 and continues to be pulled and pressed, and then the paved mulch is passed through the soil covering wheel 711. Cover the gaps on both sides to complete the mulching work.

This planter ploughs, loosens and ditches the land through rotary ploughs, rotary ploughs and openers; precise fertilization and stable lateral quantitative planting are simultaneously carried out in the trenches through the fertilizer applicator and seed meter. ;Finally, the soil covering and covering film are carried out through the soil covering film device, which continuously realizes the whole set of planting procedures of sugarcane, and the consistency of each procedure is strong; the equipment structure is simple, easy to maintain, and saves labor costs, time costs and equipment costs.

As shown in Figures 9-10, the integrated machine for weeding, fertilizing, and cultivating soil includes: a cultivator frame 13, a weeding and cultivating soil assembly, and a fertilizer applicator.

The weeding and cultivating assembly includes a rotating shaft 14 , the rotating shaft 14 is arranged below the cultivator frame 13 , and a weeding blade disc 15 is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft 14 , and the weeding blade disc 15 includes a blade seat fixed with the rotating shaft 14 . 152 and the weeding knife 151 detachably connected with the knife seat 152. Both ends of the rotating shaft 14 are respectively sleeved with sleeves 16 in a detachable manner, and a soil-cultivating knife 17 is installed on the sleeves 16 , and the rotating shaft 14 is driven to rotate by a power transmission assembly. The power transmission assembly mainly includes a gearbox that is drive-connected to the tractor, and an output end of the gearbox is drive-connected to the rotating shaft 14 . The cultivator frame 13 above the rotating shaft 14 is also provided with an arc-shaped soil retaining cylinder 18, and arc-shaped soil cultivation plates 19 are provided on both sides of the arc-shaped soil retaining cylinder 18. The arc-shaped soil cultivation plate 19 is connected to the retaining wall. The soil cylinder 18 is connected, and the angle is adjustable. The soil retaining cylinder can be adjusted by arranging adjustable screws and screw holes at different positions, or other existing different methods can be used to realize the adjustment. The design of the adjustable arc soil retaining tube 18, combined with the detachable weeding knife 151, the soil cultivation knife 17, etc., can adjust the soil cultivation height to meet the soil cultivation needs of crops in different periods. The end of the weeding knife 151 is bent, and the end of the soil-cultivating knife 17 is bent outward, and the function of weeding or weeding and soil-cultivation can be realized by adjusting the bending direction of the weeding knife 151 . The distance from the end of the cultivating knife 17 to the axis of the rotating shaft 14 is greater than the distance from the end of the weeding knife 151 to the axis of the rotating shaft 14 . The length of the cultivating blade 17 is longer than that of the weeding blade 151, which is more conducive to cultivating the soil between the rows to the sugarcane planting row. In addition, small ditch is formed on both sides of the planting row, which is more conducive to the collection of rainwater (the two ends of the small ditch can be closed).

The fertilizer applicator 20 includes an automatic fertilization device and a cultivator storage box, the automatic fertilization device is provided with a cultivator feed port, the cultivator feed port is communicated with the interior of the cultivator storage box, and the automatic fertilization is The cultivator discharge port of the device is connected with the cultivator fertilization pipe. The structure of the fertilizer applicator 20 is similar to the structure of the fertilizer applicator 6 of the above-mentioned integrated sugarcane planter, and will not be repeated here.

When working, the soil-cultivating knives 17 on both sides are driven by the rotating shaft 14 to throw the soil to the left and right sides of the soil-cultivating machine, and the throwing distance of the soil can be controlled by the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 14, so that the soil-cultivating machine can be used for sugarcane planting. Work between the rows, and soil both rows of sugar cane at the same time. At the same time, the cultivating knife 17 and the weeding blade 15 can remove grass roots and realize the weeding function by turning the soil. Fertilizer can be applied at the same time as cultivating soil as needed. In addition, since the cultivating knife 17 and the rotating shaft 14 are detachably connected, the cultivating knives 17 of different lengths and shapes can be selected according to the needs of cultivating the soil of the sugarcane in different periods.

Comparative Example 1:

This method is a traditional planting method. The sugarcane seeds are self-saved by farmers without disinfection and coating. The planting density is 8000-9000 buds/mu, the planting row spacing is 0.9-1.0 meters, and the row spacing is equal. Compound fertilizer (without nitro fertilizer), one base and one top dressing method, the fertilization and inter-cultivation are manual operations, and there is no small ditch with water accumulation on both sides of the planting row, and herbicides need to be sprayed separately for weeding. In addition, the leaves are not peeled before mechanical harvesting, and the harvesting is also a manual operation.

Take the average value of Example 1 and Example 2, and then compare with the traditional planting method, and the results are as follows.

To sum up, compared with the traditional conventional planting, the sugarcane is planted in a deep planting ditch, so that the sugarcane is not easily affected by drought and germination. In the early stage, grooves (crater-like) are formed on the top of the planting ridge, and small ditches for water accumulation are formed on both sides of the planting ridge in the later stage, and mulch film is covered between the rows, which can fully store and absorb rainwater, reduce the evaporation of water between sugarcanes, and improve the utilization rate of rainfall. The sugarcane is less susceptible to drought, which is conducive to the stable and increased production of sugarcane. At the same time, compared with the common sugarcane sparse planting method, this planting and soil cultivation mode can make full use of accumulated water and solve the problem of drought resistance. In addition, the method can realize the mechanized production in the whole process, improve the planting efficiency, reduce the management cost, and can improve the comprehensive economic benefit of the sugarcane.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many changes and modifications are possible in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described for the purpose of explaining certain principles of the invention and their practical applications, to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize various exemplary embodiments and various different aspects of the invention. Choose and change. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) land preparation: deep scarification operation of over 50cm deep ploughing is carried out by using a deep scarification row opener, meanwhile, planting furrows with the depth of 30-35cm and the width of 40-50cm are formed by using the row opener, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rows of planting furrows is 1.50-2.50 m;

(2) seed stem preparation: adopting half-year-period healthy seed stems planted in a professional nursery to strip leaves, then drying the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days, and then cutting the seeds into standard double-bud-section sugarcane seeds by a cutting machine, wherein the length of the sugarcane seeds is 20-25 cm; the sugarcane seeds are soaked in the coating agent and then used for planting;

(3) planting: the integrated sugarcane planter is adopted to complete the processes of furrow rotary tillage soil breaking, fertilization, seeding, soil covering, pesticide spraying and film covering at one time; applying 20-30kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =14:27: 5) and 5-8kg of silicon fertilizer to each mu of land as base fertilizer, and spraying insecticide; the seeding amount is 2800-3000 buds/mu, the planting mode is a wide-narrow row mode, the sugarcane is planted in the planting furrows, the row spacing of two narrow rows of sugarcane in the planting furrows is 30-35cm, and the row spacing of the wide rows between the two planting furrows is 1.20-2.20 m;

(4) field management: a: intertillage fertilization small hilling: firstly removing a mulching film of a planting row at the early tillering stage of the sugarcane, then spraying water and fertilizer by adopting a liquid fertilizer synchronous fertilizer applicator, spraying 30-35kg of phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer (N: P: K =19:27: 0), 5-8kg of potassium fulvic acid, 5-8kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 500kg of water for each mu of sugarcane row, and carrying out intertillage and small ridging, namely filling soil on two sides of a planting ditch into the planting ditch to ensure that the height of the planting ditch and the planting row is basically equal to or slightly lower, forming a crater-shaped groove between two narrow rows of the sugarcane, wherein the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top is 6-10 cm;

b: intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging: carrying out intertillage ridging and weeding at the early stage of jointing of the sugarcanes, namely ridging soil on two sides of a planting ditch to planting rows to form planting ridges, enabling the height of the planting ridges to be 10-15cm higher than the row spacing, enabling two rows of the sugarcanes on the planting ridges to still form groove shaped like a crater, enabling the depth of the groove bottom and the groove top to be 6-8cm, forming water accumulation small ditches with the depth of 5-8cm and the width of 12-15cm on two sides of the planting ridges, applying 35-45 kg of nitro-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15) and matching pesticides to control pests;

c: applying a stem tapping fertilizer once in the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the late growth period of the sugarcane, wherein the stem tapping fertilizer is 30-35kg of nitro phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 20: 8: 15); ridging, wherein the ridging height is 9-12cm, the height of each planting ridge is 20-25cm higher than the row space, the space between two rows of sugarcanes at the top of each planting ridge is in a turtle back shape, small ponding ditches with the depth of 10-12cm and the width of 12-15cm are formed at the two sides of each planting ridge, and mulching films are paved between the ponding ditches of the two rows of planting ridges;

(5) harvesting: harvesting the mature sugarcane in time.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), 1 month before the sugarcane is harvested, the inter-row mulching film is firstly removed, and then the leaves are mechanically stripped for 1 time, and only 7-8 green leaves at the top of the sugarcane are left.

3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.5-0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1-1.2 parts of 40% fenamido, 1-1.2 parts of 35% chlorantraniliprole, 0.5-1 part of polyamino acid salt, 0.1-0.2 part of lodging-resistant agent, 0.1-0.2 part of spreader and the balance of water; and (4) soaking the cut sugarcane seeds in the coating agent for 25-30 minutes, taking out, airing and taking out for planting.

4. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein in steps (3) and (4), the pesticide is: 9080 (tetrachlorantraniliprole) and thiamethoxam, both applied in an amount of 20-25 ml/mu.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the sugarcane variety is any one of cassia sugar No. 29, cassia sugar No. 44, cassia sugar No. 47, cassia sugar No. 49 and cassia sugar No. 52.

6. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step C, the mulch is a black equal width mulch.

7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the integrated sugarcane planter comprises:

the device comprises a furrow opener (4), one end of which is provided with a soil separating part, the other end of the furrow opener (4) is provided with a seed discharging port (41), the seed discharging port (41) is communicated with a seed inlet (42), and a rotary tillage cutter group (3) and a rotary tillage plough (2) are sequentially arranged along one end of the furrow opener (4) in an outward extending way;

the seed metering device (5) comprises a conveying belt (51), the conveying belt (51) is arranged on the rack (1) through a roller (52), the blanking end of the conveying belt (51) corresponds to the seed inlet (42), and a plurality of parting beads (53) are arranged on the conveying surface of the conveying belt (51) at intervals;

the fertilizer applicator (6) comprises an automatic fertilizer discharging device, a fertilizer inlet (61) of the automatic fertilizer discharging device is communicated with the interior of a fertilizer storage box (63), and a fertilizer discharging port (62) of the automatic fertilizer discharging device is positioned between the discharging end of the conveying belt (51) and the rotary tillage cutter group (3); and

the soil covering and film covering device (7) comprises a soil inlet (71), the width of the soil inlet (71) is larger than that of the seed metering opening (41) and is opposite to the seed metering opening (41), the soil inlet (71) extends in the direction back to the seed metering opening (41) and is gradually reduced to form a soil discharging opening (72), and a film covering assembly is arranged at the position along the soil discharging opening (72).

8. The planting method according to claim 7, wherein the rotary blade group (3) comprises a rotary blade shaft (31), the rotary blade shaft (31) is provided with a rotary blade (32), the rotary blade shaft (31) is connected with an output end of a first gear box (33) arranged on the frame (1), an input end of the first gear box (33) is connected with a spline shaft (34), and the rotary blade shaft (31) is positioned between the rotary plow (2) and the soil separating part.

9. The planting method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (4), intertillage, weeding, fertilization and ridging are performed by using a weeding, fertilization and ridging integrated machine, and the weeding, fertilization and ridging integrated machine comprises:

the weeding hilling assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged below the intertillage rack, a weeding cutter disc is arranged in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the weeding cutter disc comprises a cutter holder fixed with the rotating shaft and a weeding cutter detachably connected with the cutter holder; sleeves are detachably sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft respectively, and the sleeves are provided with earthing knives; the rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the power transmission assembly; an arc soil retaining cylinder is further arranged on the intertillage rack above the rotating shaft, arc-shaped hilling plates are arranged on two sides of the arc soil retaining cylinder and connected with the soil retaining cylinder, and the angle of the arc-shaped hilling plates is adjustable; and

the fertilizer applicator comprises an automatic fertilizer applicator and a intertillage storage box, wherein the automatic fertilizer applicator is provided with an intertillage feed inlet, the intertillage feed inlet is communicated with the inside of the intertillage storage box, and an intertillage discharge hole of the automatic fertilizer applicator is connected with an intertillage fertilizer application pipe.

10. The planting method of claim 9, wherein the weeding blade is bent at its distal end, and the earthing-up blade is bent at its distal end outward; the distance from the tail end of the hilling knife to the axis of the rotating shaft is greater than the distance from the tail end of the weeding knife to the axis of the rotating shaft.

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