CN113973667A - Nano biological regulation and control method for improving growth, yield and quality of corn - Google Patents
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title abstract description 65
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000243686 Eisenia fetida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000099813 Metaphire guillelmi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 claims 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
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- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001208378 Metaphire Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nano biological regulation and control method for improving the growth, yield and quality of corn, and belongs to the technical field of nano agricultural regulation and control. The method comprises the steps of inoculating earthworms in root soil and applying a nano silicon dioxide solution; wherein the particle size of the silicon dioxide is 8-60 nm, the silicon dioxide solution is a nano silicon dioxide aqueous solution, and the concentration is 10-100 mg/L; the earthworms include endo-deep-habitat earthworms, Metaphire guillelmi (Metaphire guillelmi), and epibiotic earthworms, Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida); the inoculation density of the earthworms is 1-4 earthworms per plant, and the application period is the corn emergence period. The method effectively improves the biomass of the overground part of the corn in the seedling stage, the biomass of the underground part of the corn, the silicon content of leaves, the silicon content of root systems and net photosynthesis, and finally improves the yield of the single corn plant, the weight of hundred grains, the content of seed starch and soluble sugar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nano biological regulation and control method for improving the growth, yield and quality of corn, belonging to the technical field of nano agricultural regulation and control.
Background
The existing method for promoting the corn yield is mainly realized by increasing the application of chemical fertilizers or using a large amount of organic fertilizers, has complex operation procedures and fussy application, and can not meet the urgent requirements of ecological environmental protection.
Moreover, the soluble silicon slowly released by a large amount of farmland soil in China at present cannot meet the requirement of crops (such as rice, corn and other silicon-loving plants) on silicon, and the high yield and the stable yield of farmland crops are severely restricted. In order to improve the yield and stress resistance of crops, the application amount of the traditional silicate fertilizer is continuously increased in the agricultural production, so that the soil hardening, the soil structure destruction, the fertility reduction and the like are further aggravated.
Therefore, how to achieve the yield increase of crops under the condition of protecting the soil quality is a problem which needs to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem ] to
The application of a large amount of traditional silicon fertilizer aggravates soil hardening, soil structure damage and fertility reduction.
[ solution ]
In order to solve the problems, the invention applies the nano silicon dioxide and the earthworms to the corn production, and establishes an optimal planting system for promoting the corn growth and improving the yield and quality of the kernel by the cooperation of the nano silicon dioxide and the earthworms. Moreover, the application process of the invention is simple and easy to operate.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for improving the growth, yield and quality of corn by combining soil application of nano-silica and earthworms, wherein the method comprises the steps of inoculating earthworms in root soil and applying a nano-silica solution.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the nano-silica is 8 to 60 nm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the nano-silica solution is a nano-silica aqueous solution with a concentration of 10-100 mg/L.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the nanosilica solution applied is 50 to 200mL per strain, and more preferably 100mL per strain.
In one embodiment of the invention, the earthworms include endo-deep-habitat earthworms, lumbricus williamsii (Metaphire guillelmi), epibiotic earthworms, Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida); wherein the size of the Metaphire Williamsii (Metaphire guillelmi) is 1-2 g per earthworm; the size of the epibiotic earthworm, Eisenia foetida, is 0.1-0.5 g/strip.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the density of inoculated earthworms is 1 to 4 earthworms per plant.
In one embodiment of the invention, the period of application is the corn emergence period.
In one embodiment of the invention, the order of inoculating the earthworms and applying the nano-silica solution comprises inoculating the earthworms first, and applying the nano-silica solution at intervals of 0-10 days (not 0); firstly, applying a nano silicon dioxide solution, and inoculating earthworms at intervals of 0-10 days (not 0); simultaneously inoculating earthworms and applying a nano-silica solution.
A second object of the invention is the use of the method according to the invention in the field of agriculture.
[ advantageous effects ]
(1) The invention adopts the nano silicon dioxide, not only improves the crop utilization efficiency of the traditional silicon fertilizer, but also obviously improves the photosynthesis, growth, yield and quality of the corn particularly after the nano silicon dioxide and the earthworms are simultaneously applied; the optimal application amount of the nano silicon dioxide and the earthworms is determined through the growth experiment of the earthworms with different concentrations and different inoculation densities on the corns.
(2) According to the invention, 50mg/L of nano-silica solution and 2 endo-deep habitat earthworms (Merlot lumbricus) are applied to the corns, so that the aboveground biomass, the underground biomass, the leaf silicon content, the root silicon content and the net photosynthesis of the corns in the seedling stage are respectively increased by 22.5%, 30.7%, 47.7%, 46.9% and 24.4%, and finally, the yield of each corn plant, the hundred grain weight, the grain starch content and the soluble sugar content are respectively increased by 18.1%, 17.2%, 7.7% and 35.4%.
(3) Compared with the traditional large-particle silicon fertilizer (sodium silicate), the nano silicon dioxide adopted by the invention has smaller size, better surface area, biocompatibility and the like, so that the nano silicon dioxide has obvious advantages in agricultural production application; the earthworms are used as an engineer of a land ecosystem, and form a plurality of reaction circles inside and outside the body of the earthworms through activities such as feeding, digestion, excretion, digging and the like, so that the physicochemical properties of soil can be effectively regulated and controlled, and the biological effectiveness of the nano silicon dioxide fertilizer in the soil is promoted.
(4) The method of the invention is beneficial to promoting the application of the silicon-based nano material and the regulation and control technology thereof in agricultural production, thereby reducing the dosage of agricultural chemicals and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in China.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a TEM image of nanosilica.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The corn seedling stage is the time period from germination of seeds to emergence of cotyledons under the condition of proper temperature, moisture and soil conditions after the seeds are sowed; the height of the corn at the seedling stage is 5 cm.
The test method comprises the following steps:
TEM representation: and (3) performing size and shape characterization on the nano silicon dioxide by adopting a JEM-2100 type transmission electron microscope.
Fresh weight of overground part: the stem base of the maize plant is cut off and the quality of the plant tissue above the ground is measured by an electronic balance.
Net rate of photosynthesis: two inverted leaves of maize plants were selected and their net photosynthetic rate was measured using a photosynthetic apparatus (CIRAS-3, PP-Systems, USA).
Silicon content of plant tissue: and the silicon content in the blade and the root system is obtained by adopting a triple quadrupole rod inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Grain starch and soluble sugars: and (3) determining the content of starch and soluble sugar in the grains by adopting an anthrone method.
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
percent boost ═ (treated plants-untreated plants)/untreated plants × 100%
Example 1
A method for improving the growth, yield and quality of corn by combining soil application of nano-silica and earthworms comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing corn seeds (Suyu 29) from agricultural academy of sciences of Jiangsu province in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min, washing with deionized water for 3 times, and sterilizing;
(2) soaking the corn seeds in deionized water for 4 hours after the disinfection is finished, then putting the corn seeds into a culture dish padded with wet filter paper, culturing under the dark condition of a greenhouse, and spraying water regularly every day;
(3) after 5 days of culture, selecting corn seeds with uniform buds, transferring the corn seeds into pots filled with 8Kg of soil for growth, and reserving one strain in each pot;
(4) when the corn is in the seedling stage, inoculating earthworms, and adding two perennial-deep-habitat earthworms-Meaphurel globefish (Metaphire guillelmi) into each pot (plant), wherein the size of each pot is 1.25 g;
(5) meanwhile, 100mL of nano silicon dioxide (figure 1) aqueous solution with the concentration of 50mg/L and the particle size of 8nm is irrigated at the root of a corn plant, and the growth, the yield and the nutritional quality of grains of the corn are respectively evaluated at the seedling stage and the mature stage of the corn.
Example 2
The concentration of the nanosilica aqueous solution (example 1) in example 1 was adjusted to 10 and 100mg/L, which was otherwise identical to that of example 1.
Example 3
The density of earthworms inoculated in example 1 was adjusted to 1 and 4 pieces/strain, and the rest was kept the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
The nano-silica aqueous solution in example 1 was adjusted to water without inoculating earthworms, and the rest was the same as example 1.
The corn growth, yield and kernel nutritional quality status were evaluated in the seedling stage and the mature stage of the corn in examples 1, 2 and comparative example 1, respectively, and the results are as follows:
as can be seen from tables 1 and 2:
example 1 compared to comparative example 1: when 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide is sprayed and 2 pieces of Virginia virens are added, the biomass of the upper part of the seedling corn field, the biomass of the root system, the silicon content of the leaves, the silicon content of the root system and the net photosynthesis are respectively increased to 22.5%, 30.8%, 47.7%, 46.9% and 24.4% (table 1), and the yield and the hundred grain weight of the corn are increased, and the starch and the soluble sugar are respectively 18.1%, 17.2%, 7.7% and 35.4% (table 2).
Example 1 compared to example 2: when 2 pieces of Virginia virginiana are added into the soil, compared with spraying of 10mg/L of nano silicon dioxide, spraying of 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide improves biomass of the upper part of a seedling corn field, root biomass, leaf silicon content, root silicon content and net photosynthesis respectively by 13.5%, 21.1%, 45.4%, 14.4% and 20.9% (table 1), and improves corn seed yield, hundred grain weight, starch and soluble sugar respectively by 13.6%, 18.4%, 5.6% and 33.7% (table 2). In addition, when 2 Luliaria Williams are added into the soil, compared with spraying 100mg/L of nano silicon dioxide, spraying 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide improves the biomass of the upper part of the corn field in the seedling stage, the root biomass and the net photosynthesis respectively by 8.7%, 10.9% and 12.2% (table 1), improves the corn seed yield, the grain weight, the starch and the soluble sugar respectively by 7.7%, 11.0%, 3.0% and 27.0% (table 2), and reduces the silicon content of the leaves and the root respectively by 13.0% and 0.8% (table 1).
Example 1 compared to example 3: when 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide is sprayed, compared with the case of adding 1 Megasphaera virginiana, the adding of 2 Megasphaera virginiana improves the biomass of the upper part of the seedling corn field, the root biomass, the leaf silicon content, the root silicon content and the net photosynthesis respectively to 7.9%, 16.9%, 33.4%, 4.4% and 20.2% (table 1), and improves the corn seed yield, the hundred grain weight, the starch and the soluble sugar respectively to 10.7%, 16.3%, 4.7% and 29.3% (table 2). In addition, when 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide is sprayed, compared with the case of adding 4 Megasphaera virginiana, the adding of 2 Megasphaera virginiana improves the biomass of the upper part of the seedling corn, the biomass of the root system, the silicon content of the leaves, the silicon content of the root system and the net photosynthesis respectively by 5.5%, 11.0%, 31.4%, 2.7% and 16.7% (table 1), and improves the corn seed yield, the hundred grain weight, the starch and the soluble sugar respectively by 10.3%, 12.7%, 3.7% and 21.6% (table 2).
TABLE 1 test results of seedling stage
TABLE 2 test results of maturity
Comparative example 2
The nanosilica aqueous solution in example 1 was adjusted to water, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The inoculation of earthworms in example 1 was omitted and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The nano silicon dioxide aqueous solution in the embodiment 1 is adjusted to be the traditional silicon fertilizer sodium silicate aqueous solution, and the rest is consistent with the embodiment 1.
The growth, yield and kernel nutritional quality conditions of the corn in the seedling stage and the mature stage of the corn in the comparative examples 2-4 are respectively evaluated, and the results are as follows:
as can be seen from tables 3 and 4:
comparative example 1 and comparative example 2: only 2 Lumbricidae lumbricus are added, so that the biomass of the aerial parts of the corns in the seedling stage, the biomass of root systems, the silicon content of leaves, the silicon content of root systems and the net photosynthesis are respectively increased by 4.8%, 8.5%, 6.6%, 7.2% and 3.5% (table 3), and the yield of corn seeds, the weight of the corn seeds, the starch and the soluble sugar are respectively increased by 3.4%, 3.6%, 1.7% and 17.5% (table 4).
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 3: when only 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide is sprayed, the biomass of the upper part of the corn field in the seedling stage, the biomass of the root system, the silicon content of the leaves, the silicon content of the root system and the net photosynthesis are respectively improved by 9.9%, 13.8%, 16.8%, 24.1% and 7.4% (table 3), and the yield of corn seeds, the weight of the corn seeds, the starch and the soluble sugar are respectively improved by 5.8%, 5.0%, 2.6% and 9.9% (table 4).
Example 1 compared to comparative example 1: when 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide is sprayed and 2 pieces of Virginia virens are added, the biomass of the upper part of the seedling corn field, the biomass of the root system, the silicon content of the leaves, the silicon content of the root system and the net photosynthesis are respectively increased to 22.5%, 30.8%, 47.7%, 46.9% and 24.4% (table 3), and the yield and the hundred grain weight of the corn are increased, and the starch and the soluble sugar are respectively 18.1%, 17.2%, 7.7% and 35.4% (table 4).
Example 1 compared to control 4: when 2 pieces of Lupulus wilsoniana are added, the promotion effect of spraying 50mg/L nano silicon dioxide on the growth, yield and quality of the corn is most obvious. Compared with the traditional silicon fertilizer (sodium silicate) of 50mg/L, the spraying of the nano silicon dioxide of 50mg/L improves the biomass of the upper part of the corn field in the seedling stage, the biomass of the root system, the silicon content of the leaf blade, the silicon content of the root system and the net photosynthesis respectively to 14.2%, 19.4%, 45.8%, 21.3% and 20.3% (table 3), and improves the yield and the hundred grain weight of the corn and the starch and soluble sugar respectively to 13.6%, 18.3%, 5.4% and 27.0% (table 4). In addition, when 2 pieces of Megasphaera wishlii are added, the promotion effect of spraying 10mg/L nano silicon dioxide on the growth, yield and quality of the corn is almost equivalent to that of spraying 50mg/L traditional silicon fertilizer (sodium silicate).
In conclusion, when 50mg/L of nano silicon dioxide is sprayed and 2 pieces of Lupulus circulans are added, the biomass, root biomass, leaf silicon content, root silicon content and net photosynthesis of corn seeds in the seedling stage and the mature stage, the weight per hundred grains, and starch and soluble sugar of the corn seeds are all greater than the effect of independently adding silicon dioxide or earthworms. It is demonstrated that the nano-silica and the earthworm have synergistic effect. In addition, the effect of promoting the growth, yield and quality of the corn is the best by spraying nano silicon dioxide (50mg/L) on the soil and adding 2 pieces/strain of Megascolecidus lumbricus, and the promoting effect is obviously superior to that of the traditional sodium silicate fertilizer.
TABLE 3 test results of seedling stage
TABLE 4 test results of maturity
Example 4
The particle sizes of the nano-silica in example 1 were adjusted to 25 and 60nm, and the others were kept the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1 and example 4 the results are:
the promoting effects of the nano-silica with different particle sizes on the growth, yield and quality of the corn are not obvious, wherein the promoting effect of the nano-silica with the particle size of 8nm on the growth, yield and quality of the corn is the best (Table 5).
Table 5 test results of example 4
Example 5
The endosomal earthworm, Eisenia foetida, was identified as the epibiotic earthworm in example 1, and the rest was identical to example 1.
Comparative example 1 and example 5 the results are:
compared with epibiotic earthworms Eisenia fetida, the nano-silica combined endosomal earthworm-Gliocladium wilfordii has more obvious effect of promoting the growth, yield and quality of corns (Table 6).
Table 6 test results of example 5
Example 6
The order of the nanosilicon dioxide aqueous solution treatment in example 1 was adjusted, and the nanosilicon dioxide aqueous solution was sprayed on the corn roots 10 days before the soil was inoculated with earthworms, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 7
After the soil in the example 1 is adjusted and the earthworms are inoculated for 10 days, the nano silicon dioxide water solution is sprayed on the roots of the corns, and the rest is consistent with the example 1.
The test results for comparative example 1 and examples 6 and 7 are:
the effect of the soil treatment with the added earthworm and nano-silica solution on corn biomass, net photosynthesis and nutritional quality (starch, soluble sugar) is similar to the effect of the two treatments at an interval of 10 days (table 7).
Table 7 test results for examples 6 and 7
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the growth, yield and quality of corn by combining soil application of nano-silica and earthworms is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of inoculating the earthworms in root soil and applying a nano-silica solution.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nano silica has a particle size of 8 to 60 nm.
3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the earthworms comprise endo-deep-habitat earthworms-lima williamsii (Metaphire guillelmi), epi-habitat earthworms-Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida).
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the density of inoculated earthworms is 1 to 4 earthworms per plant.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nanosilica solution is an aqueous nanosilica solution with a concentration of 10 to 100 mg/L.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nanosilica solution is applied in an amount of 50 to 200 mL/strain.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the period of application is the corn emergence period.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sequence of inoculating the earthworms and applying the nanosilica solution comprises inoculating the earthworms first, applying the nanosilica solution at intervals of 0 to 10 days (not 0); firstly, applying a nano silicon dioxide solution, and inoculating earthworms at intervals of 0-10 days (not 0); simultaneously inoculating earthworms and applying a nano-silica solution.
9. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the size of the lumbricus williamsii (Metaphire guillelmi) is 1-2 g/bar; the size of the epibiotic earthworm, Eisenia foetida, is 0.1-0.5 g/strip.
10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the agricultural field.
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Citations (3)
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CN106342434A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-25 | 华南农业大学 | Method for utilizing earthworm fungicide for improving soil nitrogen nutrients to achieve growth promotion of fast growing forest |
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2021
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CN106342434A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-25 | 华南农业大学 | Method for utilizing earthworm fungicide for improving soil nitrogen nutrients to achieve growth promotion of fast growing forest |
CN109845593A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-07 | 上海交通大学 | A method of Chinese little greens quality is improved using earthworm and Chinese little greens mixing breeding |
CN112841218A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-05-28 | 江南大学 | Method for preventing and treating corn armyworm by adopting nano silicon quantum dots |
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