CN113875613A - Beef cattle biological padding bed and using method thereof - Google Patents
Beef cattle biological padding bed and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875613A CN113875613A CN202111356883.6A CN202111356883A CN113875613A CN 113875613 A CN113875613 A CN 113875613A CN 202111356883 A CN202111356883 A CN 202111356883A CN 113875613 A CN113875613 A CN 113875613A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
Abstract
The invention discloses a beef cattle biological bedding material bed and a using method thereof, wherein the beef cattle biological bedding material bed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: material 1: material 2: material 3: material 4 according to (39-41) kg/m2:(29‑31)kg/m2:(29‑31)kg/m2:(2.5‑3.0)kg/m2Wherein C to N is more than or equal to 25 to 1; compounding probiotics: 1kg/(30 m)2Biological padding with the height of 10 cm); controlling the water content of the biological padding bed to be 45-55%, and paving the fermented biological padding on a cattle pen with the thickness of 5-10 cm; the material 1 is selected from one or more of sawdust, dry bagasse, dry edible fungus residue, corn cob or unpulverized peanut shell; the material 2 is selected from one or two of rice hulls or rice bran; the material 3 is selected from one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks or rice straw stalks; the material 4 is selected from corn flour or wheat middling.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of beef cattle breeding, in particular to a beef cattle biological bedding material bed and a using method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
With the rapid development of the large-scale and intensive production of beef cattle breeding industry in China, a large amount of excrement and urine and sewage are produced in a farm while beef is provided for a market. According to the on-site investigation, domestic beef cattle breeding enterprises still adopt accumulation storage for the treatment of the cattle manure. This is likely to cause serious pollution to nearby water sources, so that the water body is eutrophicated, and some epidemic diseases are rapidly spread and diffused by using water as a medium, so that people and livestock are greatly harmed. Foul gas generated by the feces seriously affects the air quality of surrounding residents, harms the physical and psychological health of people and causes potential pollution to the atmosphere. Furthermore, the method is simple. According to the investigation, the cleanliness of beef bodies in a farm is generally low, and meat products are polluted by pathogenic bacteria in the subsequent slaughtering and butchering processes, so that the health of people is harmed.
In view of the above, there have been researches, such as chinese patent application No. CN201810294790.7, which is an automatic cleaning and mattress-carrying cattle bed, including a supporting seat, a bed frame, a mattress, and a carrying belt, wherein a mattress is provided below the carrying belt for supporting the carrying belt, the bed frame includes side plates, rollers, and a pedal, the carrying belt is driven by the rollers to rotate, the side plates are movably connected with the rollers, the pedal is provided on the side plates, the supporting seat is provided with a guide groove, a rack, and a driver, the rollers slide in the guide groove, the driver drives the rollers upward, the rack is engaged with a gear, and the gear drives the rollers to rotate through a one-way transmission assembly; the running roller receives the effect unidirectional rotation of installing one-way transmission subassembly, rack and the driver on the supporting seat, and the conveyer belt can remove certain distance, makes things convenient for the ox to stop the rest promptly, makes things convenient for the automatic clearance cow dung urine again, and the function is reliable and stable.
In addition to the above studies of bovine beds, there are other solutions. The fermentation bed culture is an ecological culture mode which comprehensively utilizes the principles of microbiology, ecology and fermentation engineering and takes active functional microorganism bacteria as material energy, the core of the technology lies in that the compound microorganism bacteria with strong activity and beneficial functions are utilized to continuously and stably convert animal excrement and urine wastes into useful materials and energy for a long time, the useful materials and the energy are dissolved into a water phase containing the product microorganism bacteria liquid in an aeration or mixing mode, and then the microbial bacteria in suspension in the water phase are used for decomposing bacteria sources with different odors, so that the odor can be quickly and effectively removed. Meanwhile, the excrement and urine of animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and the like are completely degraded without pollution, and the zero emission standard is met.
A Deep biological bedding material bed (Deep bedding system or Deep bedding material) is a fermentation system for treating animal excrement based on microorganisms, and the Deep biological bedding material bed is characterized in that proper bedding materials with a certain thickness are paved in a livestock house, and the animal excrement and urine are mixed with the bedding materials and stored so as to be fermented into organic fertilizer while a comfortable resting environment is provided for animals. In addition, the discharge amount of harmful gas in the livestock house can be effectively reduced, and zero emission of the harmful gas is strived to be achieved. The selection principle of the padding is as follows: firstly, the animal safety is required; secondly, the fermentation is easy and the environment is not polluted; third, low cost. Related documents exist, Kapuinen applies simulation tests to carry out related researches on feeding beef cattle on a deep biological bedding material bed, and the influence of the type of bedding materials on the physical structure and fermentation characteristics of the bedding material bed is considered to be great. Jeppsson fed young bulls with different litter sizes, and the type of litter size was thought to have a large effect on ammonia volatilization in the animal house. The above studies reveal that a single pad material cannot meet the requirements of the mattress bed in terms of fermentation speed, comfort, ammonia emission, harmful bacteria and the like. Furthermore, Mercer et al believe that a fermentation rate of 27L provides reliable data for a wide range of experiments. Kapuinen recognized that a test cell of 0.6 m.times.0.6 m.times.0.9 m could provide useful data for large area tests.
Generally speaking, the mode of the biological cushion bed is an important breeding mode for ecological breeding of beef cattle, but researchers find that the breeding effect of a farm by utilizing the biological cushion bed is different in daily scientific research and technical popularization, the phenomena of bad bed and dead bed mostly appear, and the biological cushion bed of part of the farm is changed into black puddle, so that the effect of the biological cushion bed is completely lost.
[ summary of the invention ]
Aiming at the defects that the existing beef cattle biological cushion bed is easy to cause bed damage and bed death, part of the biological cushion bed in a farm is changed into a black puddle, the function of the biological cushion bed is completely lost and the like, the invention provides the beef cattle biological cushion bed and the using method thereof, which can improve the environment of a cowshed, are warm in winter and cool in summer, provide a comfortable and healthy growth temperature environment for cattle, form a beneficial flora barrier, disinfect, deodorize and prevent epidemic in one step, and obviously reduce hoof diseases, leg diseases and skin diseases when the cattle is in a comfortable environment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a beef cattle biological padding bed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
material 1: material 2: material 3: material 4 according to
(39-41)kg/m2:(29-31)kg/m2:(29-31)kg/m2:(2.5-3.0)kg/m2Wherein C to N is more than or equal to 25 to 1; compounding probiotics: 1kg/(30 m)2Biological padding with the height of 10 cm); controlling the water content of the biological padding bed to be 45-55%, and paving the fermented biological padding on a cattle pen with the thickness of 5-10 cm;
the material 1 is selected from one or more of sawdust, dry bagasse, dry edible fungus residue, corn cob or unpulverized peanut shell, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the material 2 is selected from one or two of rice hulls or rice bran, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the material 3 is selected from one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks or rice straws in any proportion when mixed;
the material 4 is selected from corn flour or wheat middling, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the composite probiotics is selected from EM bacteria, consists of bacillus flora, photosynthetic bacteria flora, lactic acid bacteria flora, actinomycete flora, yeast flora, peptide, enzyme and live bacteria nutrition culture, the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g, water is added according to the ratio of 1:100, and hexamethylenetetramine which is 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the probiotics is added as an auxiliary agent to be diluted for later use.
In the invention:
the mass ratio of the material 1 to the material 2 to the material 3 to the material 4 is preferably 40 to 30 (2.5-3.0).
The material 1 is preferably sawdust, the material 2 is preferably rice husk, the material 3 is preferably corn stalk, and the material 4 is preferably corn flour;
the moisture content of the dry bagasse of the material 1 is less than 5%; the water content of the dry edible fungus residue is less than 5%; the corncobs are smashed into 20-60 meshes.
The corn straw of the material 3 is in a 2-4cm section shape; the rice straw is 10cm section.
The material 4 is preferably 2.5kg/m in summer23.0kg/m in winter2。
The functions of the materials in the invention are as follows:
the materials 1, 2 and 3 mainly have the functions of supporting the padding, increasing air permeability, keeping the moisture of the padding and increasing the adsorbability of the fermentation bed.
The composite probiotics are used as fermentation bed microorganisms of the biological bedding material bed, and the material 4 and the cow dung urine are used as nutrient sources for the fermentation bed microorganisms to play a role. The composite probiotics have the functions of decomposing cow dung and urine, improving and stabilizing fermentation state, promoting feed absorption and inhibiting germ reproduction.
The manufacturing method of the beef cattle biological bedding material bed is divided into two types of centralized and unified manufacturing and direct manufacturing in a cattle shed according to local conditions, wherein the centralized and unified manufacturing of the bedding material bed is that the bedding material bed is manufactured by unified fermentation in an out-shed place, and the direct manufacturing of the bedding material bed in the cattle shed is that the bedding materials are uniformly mixed and fermented column by column in the cattle shed.
The preparation method of the beef cattle biological bedding material bed comprises a centralized unified preparation method or a direct preparation method in a cowshed, and comprises the following steps of:
a centralized unified preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials: calculating the dosage according to the manufacturing area, and preparing various materials according to the formula amount;
2) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the materials 1-4, spraying composite probiotics, wherein the dosage of the composite probiotics is 0.3% of the total preparation amount, and diluting according to the humidity process requirement of 45-55% of the mixed padding;
3) sealing anaerobic fermentation: stacking the padding obtained in the previous step into a long pile with the height of 2.5 meters and the width of 2.5 meters, patting and compacting, covering the periphery with a plastic film, padding the periphery with mud and bricks, performing anaerobic fermentation for 7-15 days through a temperature rise and fall process, opening after the fermentation is finished, wherein the padding is sour and fragrant, has no mildew, rot and putrefactive odor, and is fermented;
4) laying padding materials in a tiling mode: opening the long bedding pile obtained in the previous step, flatly paving the long bedding pile in a cattle pen according to the thickness of 8-10cm to quickly release hot air and moisture, wherein the humidity is 45 percent to obtain a biological bedding material bed, and placing cattle for feeding according to the feeding density every other day;
5) daily management of the biological padding bed:
firstly, spraying the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house once every 7-15 days after the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house are diluted by compound probiotics according to the proportion of 1: 100;
secondly, controlling the humidity of the padding by controlling the density of cattle flocks, improving the water evaporation of the pen house and exchanging and mixing the padding raw materials with different water contents, and keeping the water content of the biological padding to be 35-65%;
thirdly, when a necrotic area is found in the mattress bed, the biological padding is exchanged or mixed with biological padding in an area without necrosis, the biological padding in a severe necrotic area is removed, the biological padding in a dry area is raked to the removal area, and new biological padding is added when the overall thickness of the mattress bed after raking is lower than 5 cm;
fourthly, when the thickness of the mattress bed exceeds 15cm in the culture process, removing the biological padding with the water content exceeding 65 percent and then raking the padding;
fifthly, drying the cleaned biological padding until the water content is 45-55 percent, and reusing the padding;
or a direct manufacturing method in the cowshed:
1) preparing raw materials: calculating the dosage according to the manufacturing area, and preparing various materials according to the formula amount;
2) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the materials 1-4, spraying composite probiotics, wherein the dosage of the composite probiotics is 0.3% of the total preparation amount, and diluting according to the humidity process requirement of 45-55% of the mixed padding;
3) spreading and mixing padding: and (3) flatly paving the padding obtained in the previous step on a cattle bed, wherein the thickness of the padding is 8-10cm, and uniformly spraying the composite probiotics. The humidity is 45-55%, and the cattle are put on the feed every other day according to the reasonable feeding density;
4) daily management of the biological padding bed:
firstly, spraying the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house once every 7-15 days after the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house are diluted by compound probiotics according to the proportion of 1: 100;
secondly, controlling the humidity of the padding by controlling the density of cattle flocks, improving the water evaporation of the pen house and exchanging and mixing the padding raw materials with different water contents, and keeping the water content of the biological padding to be 35-65%;
thirdly, when a necrotic area is found in the mattress bed, the biological padding is exchanged or mixed with biological padding in an area without necrosis, the biological padding in a severe necrotic area is removed, the biological padding in a dry area is raked to the removal area, and new biological padding is added when the overall thickness of the mattress bed after raking is lower than 5 cm;
fourthly, when the thickness of the mattress bed exceeds 15m in the culture process, removing the biological padding with the water content exceeding 65 percent and then raking the padding;
fifthly, airing the cleaned biological padding until the water content is 45-55 percent for reuse.
In the invention:
the padding material has the process requirement of 45-55% of humidity, and is limited by taking the padding material as a standard that the fingers are sewn into a ball by hand and have water marks and do not drip water, or taking the standard that no flying dust or flying dust is generated, no obvious wet feeling is generated, the air permeability of the padding material is not influenced, and the cattle cannot feel damp and cool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the beef cattle biological bedding material bed can improve the environment of a cowshed after being used, is warm in winter and cool in summer, and keeps the temperature environment of comfortable and healthy growth of cattle. Form a beneficial flora barrier, and achieve the purposes of disinfection, deodorization and epidemic prevention in one step. By using the beef cattle biological bedding material bed, the manual labor can be reduced, the labor intensity of workers can be reduced, only daily feeding and general bedding material maintenance and management are needed, the hurdle is prevented from being washed and excrement is prevented from being cleaned manually every day, and two thirds of labor is saved.
2. According to the beef cattle biological padding bed, the hexamethylenetetramine is added in the composite probiotics to serve as an auxiliary agent, the diluted composite probiotics can be better adsorbed on sawdust and other raw materials, fermentation of sawdust and the like is facilitated, and meanwhile, the hexamethylenetetramine is used as a disinfectant for cow urine and the like, is effective to gram-negative bacteria, is mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium phenolate, and plays a role in inhibiting bacteria.
3. The beef cattle biological bedding material bed has the advantages of energy conservation, high efficiency, environmental protection, no need of hurdle flushing, water saving of more than 90 percent, garden type comfortable environment, health cattle, high feed conversion rate, reduction of drug control treatment cost and guarantee of food safety.
4. The beef cattle biological bedding material bed provided by the invention harmoniously cultures the surrounding environment, and realizes environment-friendly culture. Straw resources are fully utilized, high-efficiency cow dung organic fertilizer is produced, comprehensive benefits of an industrial chain are promoted, and economic, social and environmental benefits are achieved.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
a beef cattle biological padding bed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
material 1: material 2: material 3: material 4 in an amount of 40kg/m2:30kg/m2:30kg/m2:2.5kg/m2Wherein C: N is 25: 1; compounding probiotics: 1kg/(30 m)2Biological padding with the height of 10 cm); controlling the water content of the biological padding bed to be 45-55%, and paving the fermented biological padding on a cattle pen with the thickness of 10 cm;
the material 1 is selected from sawdust;
the material 2 is selected from rice hulls;
the material 3 is selected from 2-4cm section-shaped corn straws;
the material 4 is selected from corn flour;
the composite probiotics is selected from EM bacteria, consists of bacillus flora, photosynthetic bacteria flora, lactic acid bacteria flora, actinomycete flora, yeast flora, peptide, enzyme and live bacteria nutrition culture, the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g, water is added according to the ratio of 1:100, and hexamethylenetetramine which is 0.25 percent of the mass of the probiotics is added to be used as an auxiliary agent for dilution for later use.
The preparation method of the beef cattle biological bedding material bed adopts a centralized and unified preparation method, and comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials: calculating the dosage according to the manufacturing area, and preparing various materials according to the formula amount;
2) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the materials 1-4, spraying composite probiotics, wherein the dosage of the composite probiotics is 0.3% of the total preparation amount, and diluting according to the humidity process requirement of 45-55% of the mixed padding;
3) sealing anaerobic fermentation: stacking the padding obtained in the previous step into a long pile with the height of 2.5 meters and the width of 2.5 meters, patting and compacting, covering the periphery with a plastic film, padding the periphery with mud and bricks, performing anaerobic fermentation for 7-15 days through a temperature rise and fall process, opening after the fermentation is finished, wherein the padding is sour and fragrant, has no mildew, rot and putrefactive odor, and is fermented;
4) laying padding materials in a tiling mode: opening the long bedding pile obtained in the previous step, flatly paving the long bedding pile in a cattle pen according to the thickness of 8-10cm to quickly release hot air and moisture, wherein the humidity is 45 percent to obtain a biological bedding material bed, and placing cattle for feeding according to the feeding density every other day;
5) daily management of the biological padding bed:
firstly, spraying the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house once every 7-15 days after the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house are diluted by compound probiotics according to the proportion of 1: 100;
secondly, controlling the humidity of the padding by controlling the density of cattle flocks, improving the water evaporation of the pen house and exchanging and mixing the padding raw materials with different water contents, and keeping the water content of the biological padding to be 35-65%;
thirdly, when a necrotic area is found in the mattress bed, the necrotic area and the biological padding in the area without necrosis are exchanged or mixed, the biological padding in the serious necrotic area is removed, the biological padding in the dry area is raked to the removal area, and new biological padding is added when the whole thickness of the mattress bed after raking is lower than 5 m;
fourthly, when the thickness of the mattress bed exceeds 15m in the culture process, removing the biological padding with the water content exceeding 65 percent and then raking the padding;
fifthly, airing the cleaned biological padding until the water content is 45-55 percent for reuse.
Example 2:
a beef cattle biological padding bed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
material 1: material 2: material 3: material 4 in an amount of 40kg/m2:30kg/m2:30kg/m2:3.5kg/m2Wherein C: N is 26: 1; compounding probiotics: 1kg/(30 m)2Biological padding with the height of 10 cm); controlling the water content of the biological padding bed to be 45-55%, and paving the fermented biological padding on a cattle pen with the thickness of 5 cm;
material 1 is selected from dry bagasse (moisture content is below 5%);
the material 2 is selected from unite bran;
the material 3 is selected from wheat straw;
the material 4 is selected from corn flour or wheat middling, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the composite probiotics is selected from EM bacteria, consists of bacillus flora, photosynthetic bacteria flora, lactic acid bacteria flora, actinomycete flora, yeast flora, peptide, enzyme and live bacteria nutrition culture, the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g, water is added according to the ratio of 1:100, and hexamethylenetetramine which is 0.2 percent of the mass of the probiotics is added to be used as an auxiliary agent for dilution for later use.
The preparation method of the beef cattle biological bedding material bed adopts a direct preparation method in a cowshed, and comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials: calculating the dosage according to the manufacturing area, and preparing various materials according to the formula amount;
2) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the materials 1-4, spraying composite probiotics, wherein the dosage of the composite probiotics is 0.3% of the total preparation amount, and diluting according to the humidity process requirement of 45-55% of the mixed padding;
3) spreading and mixing padding: and (3) flatly paving the padding obtained in the previous step on a cattle bed, wherein the thickness of the padding is 8-10cm, and uniformly spraying the composite probiotics. The humidity is 45-55%, and the cattle are put on the feed every other day according to the reasonable feeding density;
4) daily management of the biological padding bed:
firstly, spraying the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house once every 7-15 days after the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house are diluted by compound probiotics according to the proportion of 1: 100;
secondly, controlling the humidity of the padding by controlling the density of cattle flocks, improving the water evaporation of the pen house and exchanging and mixing the padding raw materials with different water contents, and keeping the water content of the biological padding to be 35-65%;
thirdly, when a necrotic area is found in the mattress bed, the biological padding is exchanged or mixed with biological padding in an area without necrosis, the biological padding in a severe necrotic area is removed, the biological padding in a dry area is raked to the removal area, and new biological padding is added when the overall thickness of the mattress bed after raking is lower than 5 cm;
fourthly, when the thickness of the mattress bed exceeds 15cm in the culture process, removing the biological padding with the water content exceeding 65 percent and then raking the padding;
fifthly, airing the cleaned biological padding until the water content is 45-55 percent for reuse.
Example 3:
a beef cattle biological padding bed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
material 1: material 2: material 3: material 4 in a ratio of 39kg/m2:31kg/m2:29kg/m2:2.5kg/m2Wherein C: N is 28: 1; compounding probiotics: 1kg/(30 m)2Biological padding with the height of 10 cm); controlling the water content of the biological padding bed to be 45-55%, and paving the fermented biological padding on a cattle pen with the thickness of 8 cm;
material 1 is selected from sawdust, dry bagasse (with water content below 5%), dry edible fungi residue (with water content below 5%) by mixing at equal volume;
the material 2 is selected from rice hulls and rice bran, and is mixed according to the volume ratio of 2: 1;
the material 3 is selected from 2-4cm section-shaped corn stalks and 10cm section-shaped rice straw stalks which are mixed in equal volume;
the material 4 is selected from corn flour;
the composite probiotics is selected from EM bacteria, consists of bacillus flora, photosynthetic bacteria flora, lactic acid bacteria flora, actinomycete flora, yeast flora, peptide, enzyme and live bacteria nutrition culture, the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g, water is added according to the ratio of 1:100, and hexamethylenetetramine which is 0.3 percent of the mass of the probiotics is added to be used as an auxiliary agent for dilution for later use.
The preparation method of the beef cattle biological bedding material bed adopts a centralized and unified preparation method, which is the same as the embodiment 1.
Example 4:
a beef cattle biological padding bed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
material 1: material 2: material 3: material 4 in 41kg/m2:29kg/m2:31kg/m2:3.0kg/m2Wherein C: N is 30: 1; compounding probiotics: 1kg/(30 m)2Biological padding with the height of 10 cm); controlling the water content of the biological padding bed to be 45-55%, and paving the fermented biological padding on a cattle pen with the thickness of 10 cm;
material 1 is selected from sawdust, dried bagasse (with water content below 5%), dried edible fungi residue (with water content below 5%), corn cob (crushed to 20-60 mesh) and un-crushed peanut shell by equal volume mixing;
the material 2 is selected from rice hulls and rice bran, and is mixed according to the volume ratio of 3: 1;
the material 3 is selected from 2-4cm section-shaped corn stalks, wheat stalks and 10cm section-shaped rice straws, and is mixed according to the volume ratio of 2:2: 1;
the material 4 is selected from corn flour and wheat middling, and is mixed according to the volume ratio of 2: 1;
the composite probiotics is selected from EM bacteria, consists of bacillus flora, photosynthetic bacteria flora, lactic acid bacteria flora, actinomycete flora, yeast flora, peptide, enzyme and live bacteria nutrition culture, the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g, water is added according to the ratio of 1:100, and hexamethylenetetramine which is 0.2 percent of the mass of the probiotics is added to be used as an auxiliary agent for dilution for later use.
The preparation method of the beef cattle biological bedding material bed adopts a direct preparation method in a cowshed, and is the same as the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 1:
compared with the example 1, the dilution treatment of the composite probiotics lacks the hexamethylenetetramine as an auxiliary agent, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2:
adopts the traditional culture method of bolt breeding.
Experimental example:
the biological bedding beds of the examples and the comparative examples are respectively paved into the prepared bedding beds, 2 times of treatment are repeated, fresh cow dung is added regularly and quantitatively every day, and the test period is 1 month. The total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, total organic carbon and carbon nitrogen ratios of the biological bedding material beds of all groups at the beginning and the end of the test are tested, and the hoof disease rate of the beef cattle is tested.
1) Feeding density: reasonable number of cattle in 8-12m2A/head;
2) permeability management: frequently turning over the biological padding bed, mainly turning over the biological padding bed in a local clearance manner by combining with dry and wet regulation, wherein the turning depth is 5-10cm, the rake turning part is mainly focused on a concentrated excrement discharging point and the vicinity of a feeding table, and can be uniformly turned over by combining with excrement loosening, so that the biological padding bed is uniformly mixed up and down;
3) moisture regulation: the water content is controlled to be about 45-55% (judging that the material is tightly held by hands, wet prints exist, but water can not be dripped), the dust is prevented from flying or flying, no obvious wet feeling exists, the air permeability of the biological bedding material bed is not influenced, and the cattle is prevented from being wetted and cooled;
4) manure dredging management: if the cow dung is too concentrated, manually evacuating, uniformly scattering the dung on a fermentation bed, covering with padding, and carrying out dung evacuation once for 2-3 days for the young nursery cattle, wherein the middle and large cattle are required to carry out dung evacuation management once every 1-2 days;
5) and (3) supplementing bacteria: after the biological bedding material bed is used for 15-20 days, the bacteria needs to be supplemented, and the bacteria dose is 1kg/(30 m)2Adding water according to the ratio of 1:100, adding hexamethylenetetramine which is 0.25 percent of the mass of the probiotics as an auxiliary agent, diluting, uniformly spraying the diluted solution on the whole biological padding material bed, and performing water regulation and excrement dredging management;
6) padding supplement; supplementing the padding material in time when the reduction amount of the padding material reaches 10%, uniformly mixing the new material and the original padding material, adjusting the water content, and ensuring the height of the fermentation bed, wherein the key area for feeding is a feces concentration part;
7) reusing the padding; taking out the padding, insolating for 2-3 days in the sun or performing stacking fermentation, sterilizing the materials by high temperature and ultraviolet rays, and returning to the fermentation bed for reuse;
8) updating the padding; when the padding material reaches the service life, the carbon supply force is weakened, the decomposition speed of the excrement and urine is reduced, the moisture can not volatilize through high heat generated by fermentation, the padding material can permeate downwards quickly, the padding material needs to be updated in time after the cattle are slaughtered, and 1/3-1/2 can be left for mixing with new padding material during replacement;
9) padding treatment; after the bedding materials reach the service life or the cattle are transferred to groups and sold for sale, the bedding materials are uniformly turned over from the bottom, placed and dried for 2-3 days, piled into a trapezoid after partial water is evaporated, covered with the trapezoid for anaerobic fermentation until the bedding materials are mature, then the bedding materials are thoroughly cleaned out and sent to a composting field, and the biological organic fertilizer is prepared for sale according to the requirements of the biological organic fertilizer.
TABLE 1 comparison of beef cattle hoof incidence at the end of the experiment
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Beef hoof incidence, percent | 2.0 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 4.3 | 8.5 | 14.6 |
As a result:
1. through comparison between examples 1-4 and comparative example 1, the hexamine used as an auxiliary agent in the composite probiotics of examples 1-4 can be better adsorbed on raw materials such as sawdust and the like after being diluted, so that sawdust and the like can be fermented conveniently, meanwhile, the hexamine used as a disinfectant for cow urine and the like is effective on gram-negative bacteria, is mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium phenolate and has a bacteriostatic effect, the morbidity of comparative example 1 reaches 8.5%, and the morbidity of examples 1-4 only reaches 2.0-4.3%. Examples 1-4 are clearly superior to comparative example 1.
2. Through the comparison of examples 1-4 and comparative example 2, the conventional beef cattle raising method is seen, the conventional beef cattle raising method is used for raising the beef cattle in a bolting mode, the beef cattle are fixed by using ropes, the beef cattle can only be stood or moved in a small range according to the length of the ropes, the beef cattle can be stood on a cement ground for a long time, the hoofs and legs of the beef cattle are in a load bearing state, the excrement and urine fixed places of the beef cattle are excreted, the exercise is less, the environment is moist, the beef cattle are weak in physique and are prone to hoof diseases, leg diseases and skin diseases, and the morbidity of the comparative example 2 reaches 14.6%. While the embodiment 1-4 adopts the beef cattle bedding fermentation bed for feeding, the beef cattle bedding fermentation bed for feeding releases all the cattle without being tied, the cattle can freely move and feed in the biological bedding bed, the cattle manure and urine can be remained in the bedding for a long time and are not discharged outwards, the cattle manure and urine are decomposed and converted into inorganic substances and bacterial proteins which can be eaten by the cattle by the decomposition and conversion of microbial strains, wood fibers and semi-fibers in the bedding can also be degraded and converted into sugars which are easy to ferment, certain nutrition such as protein and the like is provided for the cattle, corn straws are used as the bedding, the cattle can eat straws with beneficial bacteria, the resistance of the cattle is improved, the cattle can freely move on the biological bedding bed or stand or lie or walk, the cattle hooves and legs do not need to bear weight for a long time, the biological bedding bed with more than 5cm has certain buffer protection effect on the cattle hooves, and the humidity of the biological padding bed is kept at 45-55% for a long time, the cattle does not fly dust when walking on the biological padding bed, the cattle is in a comfortable environment, the hoof diseases, leg diseases and skin diseases are obviously reduced, and the morbidity of the examples 1-4 is only 2.0-4.3%. Examples 1-4 are clearly superior to comparative example 2.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A beef cattle biological bedding material bed is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
material 1: material 2: material 3: material 4 according to
(39-41)kg/m2:(29-31)kg/m2:(29-31)kg/m2:(2.5-3.0)kg/m2Wherein C to N is more than or equal to 25 to 1; compounding probiotics: 1kg/(30 m)2Biological padding with the height of 10 cm); controlling the water content of the biological padding bed to be 45-55%, and paving the fermented biological padding on a cattle pen with the thickness of 5-10 cm;
the material 1 is selected from one or more of sawdust, dry bagasse, dry edible fungus residue, corn cob or unpulverized peanut shell, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the material 2 is selected from one or two of rice hulls or rice bran, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the material 3 is selected from one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks or rice straws in any proportion when mixed;
the material 4 is selected from corn flour or wheat middling, and is in any proportion when mixed;
the composite probiotics is selected from EM bacteria, consists of bacillus flora, photosynthetic bacteria flora, lactic acid bacteria flora, actinomycete flora, yeast flora, peptide, enzyme and live bacteria nutrition culture, the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g, water is added according to the ratio of 1:100, and hexamethylenetetramine which is 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the probiotics is added as an auxiliary agent to be diluted for later use.
2. The beef cattle bio-bedding bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: the mass ratio of the material 1 to the material 2 to the material 3 to the material 4 is 40 to 30 (2.5-3.0).
3. The beef cattle bio-bedding bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the material 1 is sawdust, the material 2 is rice husk, the material 3 is corn stalk, and the material 4 is corn flour.
4. The beef cattle bio-bedding bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the moisture content of the dry bagasse of the material 1 is less than 5%; the water content of the dry edible fungus residue is less than 5%; the corncobs are smashed into 20-60 meshes.
5. The beef cattle bio-bedding bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the corn straw of the material 3 is in a 2-4cm section shape; the rice straw is 10cm section.
6. The beef cattle bio-bedding bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the material 4 is 2.5kg/m in summer23.0kg/m in winter2。
7. A method of preparing a beef cattle bio-bedding bed as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises a centralized unified manufacturing method or a direct manufacturing method in a cowshed, and respectively comprises the following steps:
a centralized unified preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials: calculating the dosage according to the manufacturing area, and preparing various materials according to the formula amount;
2) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the materials 1-4, spraying composite probiotics, wherein the dosage of the composite probiotics is 0.3% of the total preparation amount, and diluting according to the humidity process requirement of 45-55% of the mixed padding;
3) sealing anaerobic fermentation: stacking the padding obtained in the previous step into a long pile with the height of 2.5 meters and the width of 2.5 meters, patting and compacting, covering the periphery with a plastic film, padding the periphery with mud and bricks, performing anaerobic fermentation for 7-15 days through a temperature rise and fall process, opening after the fermentation is finished, wherein the padding is sour and fragrant, has no mildew, rot and putrefactive odor, and is fermented;
4) laying padding materials in a tiling mode: opening the long bedding pile obtained in the previous step, flatly paving the long bedding pile in a cattle pen according to the thickness of 8-10cm to quickly release hot air and moisture, wherein the humidity is 45 percent to obtain a biological bedding material bed, and placing cattle for feeding according to the feeding density every other day;
5) daily management of the biological padding bed:
firstly, spraying the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house once every 7-15 days after the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house are diluted by compound probiotics according to the proportion of 1: 100;
secondly, controlling the humidity of the padding by controlling the density of cattle flocks, improving the water evaporation of the pen house and exchanging and mixing the padding raw materials with different water contents, and keeping the water content of the biological padding to be 35-65%;
thirdly, when a necrotic area is found in the mattress bed, the biological padding is exchanged or mixed with biological padding in an area without necrosis, the biological padding in a severe necrotic area is removed, the biological padding in a dry area is raked to the removal area, and new biological padding is added when the overall thickness of the mattress bed after raking is lower than 5 cm;
fourthly, when the thickness of the mattress bed exceeds 15cm in the culture process, removing the biological padding with the water content exceeding 65 percent and then raking the padding;
fifthly, drying the cleaned biological padding until the water content is 45-55 percent, and reusing the padding;
or a direct manufacturing method in the cowshed:
1) preparing raw materials: calculating the dosage according to the manufacturing area, and preparing various materials according to the formula amount;
2) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the materials 1-4, spraying composite probiotics, wherein the dosage of the composite probiotics is 0.3% of the total preparation amount, and diluting according to the humidity process requirement of 45-55% of the mixed padding;
3) spreading and mixing padding: and (3) flatly paving the padding obtained in the previous step on a cattle bed, wherein the thickness of the padding is 8-10cm, and uniformly spraying the composite probiotics. The humidity is 45-55%, and the cattle are put on the feed every other day according to the reasonable feeding density;
4) daily management of the biological padding bed:
firstly, spraying the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house once every 7-15 days after the biological bedding material bed, the pen house and the periphery of the pen house are diluted by compound probiotics according to the proportion of 1: 100;
secondly, controlling the humidity of the padding by controlling the density of cattle flocks, improving the water evaporation of the pen house and exchanging and mixing the padding raw materials with different water contents, and keeping the water content of the biological padding to be 35-65%;
thirdly, when a necrotic area is found in the mattress bed, the biological padding is exchanged or mixed with biological padding in an area without necrosis, the biological padding in a severe necrotic area is removed, the biological padding in a dry area is raked to the removal area, and new biological padding is added when the overall thickness of the mattress bed after raking is lower than 5 cm;
fourthly, when the thickness of the mattress bed exceeds 15cm in the culture process, removing the biological padding with the water content exceeding 65 percent and then raking the padding;
fifthly, airing the cleaned biological padding until the water content is 45-55 percent for reuse.
8. The method for preparing a beef cattle biological bedding material bed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the padding material has the process requirement of 45-55% of humidity, and is limited by taking the padding material as a standard that the fingers are sewn into a ball by hand and have water marks and do not drip water, or taking the standard that no flying dust or flying dust is generated, no obvious wet feeling is generated, the air permeability of the padding material is not influenced, and the cattle cannot feel damp and cool.
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