CN1138630C - 由聚氨酯和含有无机极性添加剂的热塑性材料组成的复合材料 - Google Patents
由聚氨酯和含有无机极性添加剂的热塑性材料组成的复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1138630C CN1138630C CNB988103494A CN98810349A CN1138630C CN 1138630 C CN1138630 C CN 1138630C CN B988103494 A CNB988103494 A CN B988103494A CN 98810349 A CN98810349 A CN 98810349A CN 1138630 C CN1138630 C CN 1138630C
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- polyurethane
- acid
- thermoplastic
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种由至少两种不同塑料材料彼此直接结合构成的复合材料,其中材料A)是热塑性聚合物或热塑性聚合物的混合物,它包含至少一种极细粒度无机粉末形式的至少一种周期表第1~第5主族或第1~第8副族金属的极性化合物,以及材料B)是聚氨酯。
Description
本发明涉及由至少2种不同的塑料材料彼此直接结合构成的复合材料,其中一种塑料材料由至少1种热塑性聚合物构成,它包含极细粒度无机粉末形式的周期表第1~第5主族或第1~第8副族金属的极性化合物;而另一种塑料材料则由聚氨酯构成。
已知,热塑性材料与聚氨酯,特别是与聚氨酯泡沫塑料的复合材料,具有粘合力不足的缺点。鉴于机动车工业日益迫切需要使用具有能耐受甚至是极端温度变化的粘合力的复合材料,同时又考虑到回收的要求,必须采用种类尽可能少的不同材料,故本发明的目的是充分改善热塑性材料与聚氨酯彼此直接结合的粘合力。
本发明的目的是通过由至少2种不同塑料材料A和B彼此直接结合构成的复合材料实现的,其特征在于
A)是热塑性聚合物或热塑性聚合物的混合物,它包含至少1种极细粒度无机粉末形式的至少1种周期表第1~第5主族或第1~第8副族金属的极性化合物,以及
B)是聚氨酯。
该复合材料可按已知方式制备。复合材料零件优选预先由热塑性聚合物制备,然后在其上施涂聚氨酯反应体系并进行反应。视各聚氨酯反应组分的活性而定,它们可以是预先混合的或者在施涂期间按已知方式混合。施涂优选采用喷涂、刮刀涂布或辊压涂布实施。然而,也可按已知方法通过共挤出来制备本发明的复合材料。
合适的热塑性材料均为熟知的热塑性塑料,优选热塑性聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯、聚酯、苯乙烯共聚物、任选含有橡胶的接枝(共)聚合物如ABS聚合物,聚酰胺和/或上述材料的热塑性混合物。
作为优选的,下列聚合物适合作为热塑性材料A:
本发明的聚烯烃是脂族不饱和烃的聚合物,例如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯或异丁烯的,可采用传统方法,例如自由基聚合来制取,获得的重均分子量
Mw(按凝胶色谱法测定)介于5,000~3,000,000。低密度和高密度聚烯烃都是合适的。这些不饱和烃还可按已知的方式与诸如醋酸乙烯、丙烯酸或丙烯酸酯之类的其他乙烯基单体进行共聚,其中乙烯基单体的比例占最高30wt%,优选最高25wt%。
聚乙烯和聚丙烯是优选的。
其中
A是单键、C1~C5-亚烷基、C2~C5-亚烷基(此处指Alkylidene)、C5~C6-亚环烷基(此处指Cycloalkylidene)、-S-、-SO2-、-O-、-CO-或C6~C12-亚芳基,它们可任选地与另一些含杂原子芳环缩合。
B彼此独立地代表卤素,优选氯、溴,C1~C8-烷基、C6~C10-芳基,优选苯基,C7~C12-芳烷基,优选苄基,
x彼此独立地各自代表0、1或2,以及
p代表1或0,
或者是以对应于通式(II)的烷基取代的二羟苯基环烷为基础的那些:
其中
R1和R2彼此独立地代表氢、卤素,优选氯或溴,C1-C8-烷基、C5~C6-环烷基、C6~C10-芳基,优选苯基,以及C7~C12-芳烷基,优选苯基-C1~C4-烷基,尤其是苄基,
m是4~7的整数,优选4或5,
R3和R4,对每个Z而言均可独立地并彼此独立地选择,代表氢或C1-C6-烷基,优选是氢、甲基或乙基,
以及
Z代表碳,条件是:至少在1个原子Z上,R3与R4同时代表烷基。
合适的通式(I)的二酚例如是氢醌、间苯二酚、4,4’-二羟基联苯、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,4-双(4-羟苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、1,1双(4-羟苯基)环己烷、2,2-双(3-氯-4-羟苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)丙烷。
优选的通式(I)的二酚是2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3,5-二氯-4-羟苯基)丙烷以及1,1-双(4-羟苯基)环己烷。
其中1,1-双(4-羟苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷(通式(IIa)是尤其优选的。
适合本发明的聚碳酸酯可按已知的方式实施支化,优选通过加入,以所用二酚总量为基准0.05~2.0mol%三官能或多于三官能的化合物,例如带有3个或3个以上酚基团的那些,例如藤黄酚、4,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羟苯基)庚烯-2、4,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羟苯基)庚烷、1,3,5-三(4-羟苯基)苯、1,1,1-三(4-羟苯基)乙烷、三(4-羟苯基)苯甲烷、2,2-双(4,4-双(4-羟苯基)-环己基)丙烷、2,4-双(4-羟苯基)-异丙基)苯酚、2,6-双(2-羟基-5'甲基苄基)-4-甲酚、2-(4-羟苯基)-2-(2,4-二羟苯基)丙烷、六(4-(4-羟苯基异丙基)-苯基)-ortho-对苯二甲酸酯、四(4-羟苯基)甲烷、四(4-(4-羟苯基异丙基)-苯氧基)甲烷以及1,4-双((4’,4”-二羟基三苯基)-甲基)苯。
其他三官能化合物中的一些是2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、1,3,5-苯三酸、氰尿酰氯及3,3-双(3-甲基-4-羟苯基)-2-氧代-2,3-二氢吲哚。
除了双酚A-均聚碳酸酯之外,优选的聚碳酸酯还有双酚A与以双酚总摩尔数为基准最高15mol%2,2-双(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)丙烷生成的共聚碳酸酯。
用作组分A的芳族聚碳酸酯可与芳族聚酯碳酸酯部分地交换。
符合组分A要求的芳族聚碳酸酯和/或芳族聚酯碳酸酯为文献中已知的,或者可按照由文献得知的方法制备(芳族聚碳酸酯的制备例如可参见Schnell,《聚碳酸酯化学与物理》,IntersciencePublishers,1964以及DE-AS 1495 626、DE-OS 2232 877、DE-OS2703 376、DE-OS 2714 544、DE-OS 3000 610、DE-OS 3832 396;关于芳族聚酯碳酸酯的制备,例如参见DE-OS 3 007 934)。
芳族聚碳酸酯和/或芳族聚酯碳酸酯的制备例如可通过二酚与碳酰卤,优选光气,和/或与芳族二酰卤,优选苯二甲酰二卤之间的反应,按照界面法实施,任选地使用链终止剂,并任选地使用三官能或多于三官能的支化剂。
而且,一种或至少2种烯键不饱和单体(乙烯基单体)的苯乙烯(共)聚合物适合作为该热塑性材料,例如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、环取代的苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酐、N-取代的马来酰亚胺以及(甲基)丙烯酸C1~C18烷基酯的。
该(共)聚合物是类树脂的、热塑性且不含橡胶的。
优选的苯乙烯(共)聚合物是由至少1种选自苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和/或环取代的苯乙烯的单体与至少1种选自丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酐和/或N-取代的马来酰亚胺的单体制备的那些。
在热塑性共聚物中,尤其优选的重量比为60~100wt%苯乙烯单体对40~0wt%其他乙烯基单体。
尤其优选的(共)聚合物是苯乙烯与丙烯腈并任选地与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的,α-甲基苯乙烯与丙烯腈并任选地与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的,或者苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯与丙烯腈并任选地与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的那些。
该(共)聚合物是熟知的,并可通过自由基聚合,特别是通过乳液、悬浮、溶液或本体聚合来制备。(共)聚合物的优选分子量
Mw(重均,按光散射或沉降法测定)介于15,000~200,000之间。
尤其优选的(共)聚合物还有苯乙烯与马来酐的无规(共)聚合物,优选采用连续本体或溶液聚合且其中相应单体的转化不完全。
适合本发明的无规苯乙烯-马来酐共聚物中,两组分之间的比例可在宽范围内变化。优选的马来酐含量为5~25wt%。
代替苯乙烯,该聚合物还可包含环取代的苯乙烯,如对甲基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯,以及其他的取代苯乙烯,如α-甲基苯乙烯。
苯乙烯-马来酐共聚物的分子量(数均
Mn)可在宽范围内变化。优选在60,000~200,000的范围。优选这些产物的特性粘数(极限粘数)在0.3~0.9之间(在25℃二甲基甲酰胺中测定,参见Hoffmann,Krmer,Kuhn,《聚合物分析(Polymeranalytik)I》,斯图加特1977第316页起)。
合适的热塑性复合材料还有接枝(共)聚合物。这些包括具有橡胶弹性的接枝(共)聚合物,可主要由至少2种选自下列的单体获得:
氯丁二烯、丁二烯-1,3、isopropene、苯乙烯、丙烯腈、乙烯、丙烯、醋酸乙烯以及(甲基)丙烯酸与C1~C18-醇的酯;还有例如描述于下列文献中的那些聚合物:《有机化学方法》(Houben-Weyl),卷14/1,Georg Thieme-Verlag(出版社),斯图加特1961,pp.393~406;以及C.B.Bucknall,《增韧塑料》,应用科学出版社,伦敦1977。优选的接枝聚合物是部分交联的并具有大于20wt%,优选大于40wt%,尤其是大于60wt%的凝胶含量。
优选的接枝(共)聚合物包括由下列成分组成的接枝(共)聚合物C:C.1 5~95,优选30~80重量份下列成分的混合物:C.1.1 50~99重量份苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、由卤素或甲基环上取代的苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或者上述化合物的混合物,和C.1.2 1~50重量份丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、马来酐、C1~C4-烷基或苯基-N-取代的马来酰亚胺或者上述化合物的混合物,C.2 5~95,优选20~70重量份以二烯和/或丙烯酸烷基酯为基础、玻璃化转变温度低于10℃,优选低于-10℃的聚合物。
优选的接枝(共)聚合物是,用例如苯乙烯和/或丙烯腈和/或(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯接枝的基底C2例如聚丁二烯、丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物与丙烯酸酯橡胶;即,DE-OS 1 694 173(=US PS 3 564 077)所描述的那类(共)聚合物;用丙烯酸-或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、醋酸乙烯、丙烯腈、苯乙烯和/或烷基苯乙烯接枝的聚丁二烯、丁二烯/苯乙烯或丁二烯/丙烯腈(共)聚合物、聚异丁烯或聚异戊二烯,例如DE-OS 2348 377(=US PS 3 919 353)所描述的那些。
尤其优选的聚合物是,例如ABS聚合物,如DE-OS 2 035 390(USPS 3 644 574)或DE-OS 2 248 242(=GB PS 1 409 275)所描述的那类。
尤其优选的接枝(共)聚合物可由下列组分的接枝反应获得的:
α以接枝共聚物为基准10~70,优选15~50,特别是20~40wt%至少1种(甲基)丙烯酸酯,或者10~70,优选15~50,特别是20~40wt%的下列混合物--由以混合物为基准10~50,优选20~35wt%丙烯腈或(甲基)丙烯酸酯与50~90,优选65~80wt%苯乙烯组成,以上作为接枝侧链C.1,接枝到下面的接枝基底C.2上,
β以接枝共聚物为基准30~90,优选50~85,特别是60~80wt%丁二烯聚合物,它含有以β为基准至少50wt%丁二烯基团作为接枝基底C2,
其中优选的是,接枝基底β的凝胶比例至少是70wt%(在甲苯中测定),接枝度G是0.15~0.55;接枝聚合物C.2的平均颗粒直径d50是0.05~2μm,优选0.1~0.6μm。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯α是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与1~18个碳原子的一元醇的酯。甲基丙烯酸的甲基、乙基及丙基酯,丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯及甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯是尤其优选的。
接枝基底β除了包含丁二烯基团之外,还可包含以β为基准最高50wt%其他烯键不饱和单体的基团,例如苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与C1~C4-醇的酯(例如,丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯)、乙烯基酯和/或乙烯基醚。优选的接枝基底β由纯聚丁二烯构成。
众所周知,接枝单体在接枝反应期间不一定全部接枝到接枝基底上;按本发明,术语接枝(共)聚合物也应理解为由接枝单体在接枝基底存在下的聚合获得的产物。
接枝度G被定义为接枝上去的接枝单体与接枝基底的重量比,因此是无因次的。
平均粒度d50是这样的直径,大于和小于该直径的颗粒各占50wt%。它可采用超离心测定法来确定(W.Scholtan,H.Lange《胶体与聚合物杂志》250(1972),782~796)。
尤其优选的聚合物还有,例如由下列成分构成的接枝聚合物:
τ以接枝聚合物为基准20~90wt%玻璃化转变温度低于-20℃的丙烯酸酯橡胶,作为接枝基底C.2,以及
δ以接枝聚合物为基准10~80wt%至少1种可聚合的烯键不饱和单体。
该接枝聚合物的聚丙烯酸酯橡胶τ优选是由丙烯酸烷基酯,任选地与以τ为基准最高40wt%其他可聚合的烯键不饱和单体一起构成的聚合物。优选的可聚合丙烯酸酯包括C1~C8-烷基,如甲基-、乙基-、丁基-、正辛基-及2-乙基己基酯;卤代烷基酯,优选卤素-C1~C8-烷基的酯,如丙烯酸氯乙基酯以及上述单体的混合物。
为了获得交联能力,可共聚上具有1个以上可聚合双键的单体。优选的交联单体的例子是具有3~8个碳原子的不饱和单羧酸与具有3~12个碳原子的不饱和一元醇或具有2~4个羟基基团和2~20个碳原子的饱和多元醇生成的酯,例如乙二醇的二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯;多不饱和杂环化合物,例如三乙烯基和三烯丙基氰尿酸酯;多官能乙烯基化合物,如二-和三乙烯基苯;还有三烯丙基磷酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯。
优选的交联单体是甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯、乙二醇的二(甲基丙烯酸)酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯以及具有至少3个烯键不饱和基团的杂环化合物。
尤其优选的交联单体是环状单体:氰尿酸三烯丙基酯、异氰尿酸三烯丙基酯、氰尿酸三乙烯基酯、三丙烯酰六氢化均三嗪、三烯丙基苯。
交联单体的用量,以接枝基底τ为基准,优选为0.02~5,特别是0.05~2wt%。
在具有至少3个烯键不饱和基团的环状交联单体的情况下,将其用量限制在小于接枝基底τ的1wt%是有利的。
优选的“其他”可聚合的烯键不饱和单体,除了丙烯酸酯之外,还可任选地用于制备接枝基底τ的,例如是丙烯腈、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺、乙烯基-C1~C6-烷基醚、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丁二烯。优选作为接枝基底τ的聚丙烯酸酯橡胶是含量至少是60wt%的乳液聚合物。
其它对应于C.2的适宜接枝基底是DE-OS 3 704 657、DE-OS 3 704655、DE-OS 3 631 540和DE-OS 3 631 539中所描述的那类带有活性接枝部位的硅橡胶。
接枝基底C.2的凝胶含量是在25℃的二甲基甲酰胺中测定的(M.Hoffmann,H.Krmer,R.Kuhn,《聚合物分析(Polymeranalytik)I及II》,Georg Thieme-Verlag,斯图加特1977)。
接枝共聚物可按照已知的方法,如按本体、悬浮、乳液或本体-悬浮法制备。
再有,热塑性聚酯也适合作本发明复合材料的热塑性材料。
可使用的聚酯是芳族二羧酸或其活性衍生物如二甲酯或酸酐与脂族、环脂族或芳脂族二醇的反应产物,以及此种反应产物的混合物。
优选的聚对苯二甲酸链烷二醇酯可按照已知的方法由对苯二甲酸或其活性衍生物与2~10个碳原子的脂族及环脂族二醇来制备(《塑料手册》,卷VIII,p.695起,Carl Hanser Verlag,慕尼黑1973)。
优选的聚对苯二甲酸链烷二醇酯含有,以二羧酸组分为基准,80~100,优选90~100mol%对苯二甲酸基团以及,以二醇组分为基准,80~100,优选90~100mol%乙二醇和/或1,4-丁二醇基团。除了对苯二甲酸酯之外,其他8~14个碳原子的芳族二羧酸或4~12个碳原子的脂族二羧酸的酯也是合适的,例如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、萘-2,6-二羧酸、4,4’-联苯二羧酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸或环己烷二乙酸或者上述的混合物。除了乙二醇和/或1,4-丁二醇之外,其他3~12个碳原子的脂族二醇也是合适的,例如1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、3-甲基戊烷-1,3-和1,6-二醇、2-乙基己烷-1,3-二醇、2,2-二乙基丙烷-1,3-二醇、2,5-己二醇、1,4-(二(β-羟乙氧基苯基)丙烷、2,4-二羟基-1,1,3,3-四甲基环丁烷、2,2-双(3-β-羟乙氧基苯基)丙烷及2,2-双(4-羟丙氧基苯基)丙烷(DE-OS 2 407 647、2 407 776、2 715 932)或其混合物。
聚酯,特别是聚对苯二甲酸链烷二醇酯,可通过结合进较少量三-或四羟基醇或三-或四-元羧酸实现支化,如DE-OS 1 900 270和USPS 3 692 744中所描述的那类。优选的支化剂的例子是1,3,5-苯三酸、偏苯三酸、三羟甲基乙烷和-丙烷以及季戊四醇。支化剂的建议用量不超过以酸组分为基准1mol%。
尤其优选由对苯二甲酸或其活性衍生物如其二烷基酯与乙二醇和/或1,4-丁二醇制备的聚对苯二甲酸链烷二醇酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯及聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)及其混合物。
优选的聚对苯二甲酸链烷二醇酯还包括由至少2种上述二醇制备的共聚聚酯;尤其优选的共聚聚酯是聚(乙二醇/1,4-丁二醇)对苯二甲酸酯。各种各样的二醇基团可以以嵌段或无规分布的形式存在于共聚聚酯中。
该聚酯特性粘数一般在0.4~1.4dl/g,优选0.5~1.3dl/g,特别是0.6~1.2dl/g,在每种情况下均指在25℃的苯酚/邻二氯苯(1∶1重量比)中测定的。
可用于本发明复合材料的热塑性聚酰胺是聚酰胺66(聚己二酸己二胺)或6~12个碳原子的环状内酰胺,优选月桂精内酰胺(laurinlactam),尤其优选ε-己内酰胺=聚酰胺6(聚己内酰胺)的聚酰胺,或主要由组分6或66组成的共聚酰胺,或者主要由上述聚酰胺构成的配混料。由活化阴离子聚合制备的聚酰胺6,或者主要成分是由活化阴离子聚合制备的聚己内酰胺的共聚酰胺是优选的。
内酰胺经活化阴离子聚合生成聚酰胺的反应是以下述方式在工业规模上实施的,其中一方面,制备催化剂在内酰胺中的溶液,任选地加入冲击强度改进剂,另一方面,制备活化剂在内酰胺中的溶液,这两种溶液的组成一般按照使得按相等比例混合进料时产生所要求的总配方的原则确定。然而,这不是必需的。也可选择其他组成,例如将浓缩形式的活化剂与催化剂的熔体计量加入到内酰胺熔体中。进一步的添加剂可引入到活化剂、催化剂或者,任选地,内酰胺熔体中,具体视相容性而定。
聚合反应的发生是通过将各个溶液在80~200℃,优选100℃~140℃进行混合来实现的。
催化剂是碱金属或碱土金属内酰胺盐(lactamate),优选以在内酰胺中的溶液形式,尤其优选己内酰胺钠在ε-己内酰胺中。
就本发明而言的活化剂可以是N-酰基内酰胺或酰氯或者,优选地,脂族异氰酸酯,尤其优选六亚甲基异氰酸酯的低聚物。纯物质以及,优选地,其溶液,如在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的,均可用作活化剂。
由下列成分组成的混合物尤其优选作为热塑性材料A:
1~99,优选10~90,尤其优选20~80重量份至少1种所述聚碳酸酯,
0~50,优选1~50,尤其优选2~30,特别优选8~25重量份至少1种所述的苯乙烯共聚物,和
1~99,优选7~80,尤其优选10~70重量份1种或多种所述接枝聚合物。
极细颗粒无机化合物(粉末)由1种或多种选自门捷列夫周期表第1~第5主族及第1~第8副族、优选第2~第5主族或第4~第8副族,尤其优选第3~第5主族或第4~第8副族的金属与至少1种选自氧、硫、硼、磷、碳、氮、氢或硅的元素的化合物组成。
优选的化合物例如是氧化物、氢氧化物、含水氧化物、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫化物、碳酸盐、碳化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氮化物、硼酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐、氢化物、亚磷酸盐或膦酸盐。
优选的颗粒极细的无机化合物例如是TiN、TiO2、SnO2、WC、ZnO、Al2O3、AlO(OH)、ZrO2、Sb2O3、SiO2、氧化铁、NaSO4、硫酸钡、氧化钒、硼酸锌、硅酸盐如硅酸铝、硅酸镁、一-、二-及三-维硅酸盐。混合物及掺杂化合物也可使用。而且,这些纳米级颗粒还可用有机分子进行表面改性以达到与基质较好相容的目的。这样,便可获得疏水或亲水的有机表面。
其平均颗粒直径小于200nm,优选小于150nm,尤其是1~100nm,特别优选1~70nm。
颗粒尺寸和颗粒直径一律指按照W.Scholtan等人,《胶体与聚合物杂志》250(1972),pp.782~796,采用超离心测定法测定的平均颗粒直径d50。
该无机化合物可采取粉末、膏体、溶胶、分散体或悬浮体的形式。粉末可由分散体、溶胶或悬浮体经沉淀获得。
粉末按照常规方法掺合到热塑性材料中,例如可通过对模塑配混料的诸组分与该极细颗粒无机粉末的直接捏合或挤塑实现。优选的方法是制成母料,例如在添加剂、单体、溶剂中或在热塑性塑料A中的母料;以及组分A的分散体与极细颗粒无机材料的分散体、悬浮体、膏体或溶胶的共沉淀。
本发明的模塑配混料可包含至少1种传统添加剂,例如润滑剂及脱模剂、成核剂、抗静电剂、稳定剂及着色剂和颜料。
无机粉末在热塑性材料中的加入量,以热塑性材料A为基准,为0.5~50,优选1~25,尤其优选3~15wt%。
按照本发明,热塑性、发泡的或实心的聚氨酯材料,或优选地,模塑件,可制成夹层构造的。
本发明使用的聚氨酯或聚氨酯脲或聚脲是通过多异氰酸酯与H-活性(活性氢)多官能化合物、优选多元醇反应获得的。
合适的多异氰酸酯优选是聚氨酯化学已知的,以及在这方面惯用的那些。其中特别是以芳烃为基础的多异氰酸酯,例如2,4-二异氰酸根合甲苯、它与2,6-二异氰酸根合甲苯的工业混合物、4,4’-二异氰酸根合二苯甲烷、它与对应的2,4’-及2,2’-异构体的混合物、二苯甲烷系列的多异氰酸酯混合物、可通过本身已知的方式借助苯胺/甲醛缩合产物的光气化获得的那类、具有缩二脲或异氰酸酯基团的所述工业多异氰酸酯的改性产物以及,特别是,主要以所述工业多异氰酸酯为一方与下面在组分B的情况下所例举的简单多元醇和/或聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇为另一方所生成的上面提到的那类NCO预聚物,另外,还有此类异氰酸酯的任意混合物,只要它们具有足够贮存稳定性即可。
特别重要的较高分子量改性多异氰酸酯包括:分子量在400~10,000,优选600~8,000,特别是800~5,000的、异氰酸酯端基的聚氨酯化学已知预聚物。这些化合物由本身已知的方式,通过过量上面例举的那类简单多异氰酸酯与具有至少2个对于异氰酸酯基团为活性的基团的有机化合物、特别是有机多羟基化合物起反应来制备。
此类合适的多羟基化合物是简单多羟基醇,其分子量在82~599,优选62~200,例如乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇或2,3-丁二醇,然而,特别是本身为聚氨酯化学已知的那类较高分子量聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇,其分子量在600~8,000,优选800~4,000,它们优选具有至少2个,一般具有2~8,但优选2~4个伯和/或仲羟基基团。自然,也可使用例如由以上例举的低分子量多异氰酸酯与较次优选的带对异氰酸酯基团为活性基团的化合物所获得的NCO预聚物,后一种组分例如是聚硫醚多元醇、含羟基基团聚缩醛、多羟基聚碳酸酯、含羟基基团聚酯酰胺或烯键不饱和化合物的含羟基基团共聚物。
带有对异氰酸酯为活性的基团,特别是羟基基团的并适合用来制备NCO预聚物的化合物,例如公开在USPS4218543,栏7,行29~栏9,行25的例子中。在NCO预聚物的制备期间,令这些带对异氰酸酯为活性的基团的化合物与上面所例举的那类简单多异氰酸酯起反应,反应期间维持过量的NCO。NCO预聚物通常具有10~25,优选15~22wt%的NCO含量。由此可知,在本发明范围内,术语“NCO预聚物”及“带异氰酸酯端基的预聚物”既指该反应产物本身,也指它们与过量未反应原料多异氰酸酯的混合物,通常亦称“半预聚物”。
可按本身已知的方法通过低分子量醇与多价羧酸如己二酸、邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸或者这些酸的酸酐反应获得的那类聚酯多元醇也是合适的,只要此种H-活性组分的粘度不过高即可。一种优选的带酯基团的多元醇是蓖麻油。另外,蓖麻油的制备物,例如可采用将诸如醛酮树脂之类的树脂溶解所获得的那类,以及由蓖麻油与以其他天然油类为基础的多元醇制成的改性物,也是合适的。
其中存在细颗粒、溶解或接枝形式的高分子量加聚产物及缩聚产物或聚合物的较高分子量多元醇聚醚也是合适的。此种改性多羟基化合物是在下列情况下获得的:例如,当让加聚反应(例如,多异氰酸酯与氨基官能化合物之间的反应)或缩聚反应(例如,甲醛及酚类和/或胺类之间的)在含羟基基团化合物中现场进行时。此种方法例如描述于DE-AS 1 168 075和1 280 142以及DE-A 2 324 134、2 423 984、2 512 385、2 513 815、2 550 796、2 550 797、2 550 833、2 550882、2 633 293及2 639 254中。然而,按照US-A-3 869 413和DE-A-2 550 860,也可令最终聚合物水分散体与多羟基化合物混合,然后再从混合物中除去水。
以乙烯基聚合物改性的多羟基化合物,例如通过苯乙烯与丙烯腈在聚醚存在下进行聚合获得的那类(US-A-3 383 351、2 304 273、2523 093、3 110 695、DE-A-1 152 5369),或者聚碳酸酯多元醇(DE-PS1 769 795、US-A-3 637 909)也适合用于制备聚氨酯。如果使用按照DE-A-2 442 101、2 844 922及2 646 141,通过以乙烯基膦酸酯以及任选地(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酰胺或羟基官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯进行接枝聚合获得的改性聚醚多元醇,则可获得防火性特别好的塑料。
作为H-活性化合物使用的典型上述化合物,例如描述在《高聚物》,卷XVI,“聚氨酯化学与技术”,Saunders-Frisch主编,Interscience出版社,纽约,伦敦,卷1,1982,pp.32~42及pp.44~54,以及卷II,1984,pp.5~6及198~199;乃至《塑料手册》卷VII,Carl Hanser Verlag,慕尼黑,1983,例如pp.45~61中。
当然,以上所列举的化合物的混合物也可使用。
H-活性组分的平均羟基值和平均官能度的极限具体可通过所获聚氨酯脆性不断增加的现象来确定。而原则上,本领域技术人员都熟悉影响聚氨酯聚合物物理性能的各种潜在因素,以使NCO组分、脂族二元醇及多元醇按优选方式彼此匹配。
所有本身已知的助剂和添加剂,如脱模剂、发泡剂、填料、催化剂及阻燃剂,均可使用。
在打算制备发泡材料的情况下,反应混合物可按照本身已知的方式引入到模具中。可发反应混合物在模具中发泡并形成模塑件。预成形模塑可按照使模塑件表面具有微孔结构的方式实施。然而,它也可按照使模塑件具有致密皮层和微孔芯(整体泡沫体)的方式实施。聚氨酯泡沫塑料也可制备成块状料形式的泡沫体。
将聚氨酯复合材料零件制成夹层构造也是优选的。本方法可设计成夹层的或包鞘的方法。夹层构造和包鞘构造本身都是已知的。在夹层法(充填结构)中,预先制成2个各为一半的壳(例如,塑料的外层)并放在模具中,在2个壳之间形成的空腔内倒入聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫体并进行发泡。在包鞘构造中,PUR泡沫体的芯被置于模具中,随后用适宜的外鞘材料,例如用1种上述热塑性塑料包裹起来。包鞘构造是制备夹层复合材料件所优选采用的。
本发明的热塑性聚氨酯是二异氰酸酯、全部或主要是脂族低聚-和/或聚合的酯和/或-醚,以及1种或多种增链剂等组分的反应产物。此种热塑性聚氨酯为基本线型的并具有热塑性加工特性。
热塑性聚氨酯是熟知的,或者可由已知方法制备(例如参见,美国专利3214411,J.H.Saunders和K.C.Frisch,“聚氨酯化学与技术”,卷II,pp.299~451,Interscience出版社,纽约,1964;以及Mobay化学公司,《Texin聚氨酯弹性体材料加工手册》,匹兹堡,PA)。
制备低聚酯及聚酯的原料例如是己二酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、草酸、甲基己二酸、戊二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸及间苯二甲酸。
在这些原料当中,己二酸是优选的。
适合制备低聚酯及聚酯的二醇例如是乙二醇、1,2-及1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-、1,4-、2,3-、2,4-丁二醇,己二醇、双羟甲基环己烷、二甘醇及2,2-二甲基丙二醇。再有,最高1mol%的少量三官能或更高官能度的醇,如三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、己三醇等,也可与这些二醇一起使用。
所生成的羟基低聚酯或聚酯具有的分子量至少为600,其羟基值约25~190,优选约40~150,酸值约0.5~2,含水量约0.01~0.2%。
低聚酯及聚酯还可以是低聚的或聚合的内酯,如低聚己内酯或聚己内酯,以及脂族聚碳酸酯,如聚丁二醇-(1,4)-碳酸酯或聚己二醇-(1,6)-碳酸酯。
特别适合用作热塑性聚氨酯原料的低聚基团是由己二酸与有至少1个伯羟基基团的二醇制备的。缩合反应在酸值到达10,优选约0.5~2时结束。反应期间生成的水同时地或随后被分离出去,直至终点时的含水量在约0.01~0.05%,优选0.01~0.02%的范围。
制备对应于组分B的热塑性聚氨酯用的低聚醚和聚醚例如是以四亚甲基二醇、丙二醇和乙二醇为基础的那些。
聚缩醛也被视为聚醚并可当作聚醚使用。
低聚醚和聚醚的平均分子量n(数均,按产物的羟基值确定)应为600~2,000,优选1,000~2,000。
用于制备对应于组分B的聚氨酯用的有机二异氰酸酯优选是4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。它应含少于5%2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和少于2%二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的二聚体。还希望,按盐酸计的酸值在约0.005~0.2%的范围。按盐酸计的酸值的测定是通过从异氰酸酯的热甲醇水溶液中萃取氯化物或者通过水解后释放出氯化物,并以标准硝酸银溶液滴定萃取液从而获得其中存在的氯离子浓度,来实现的。
其他二异氰酸酯也可用于制备对应于组分B的热塑性聚氨酯,例如下列(基团的)二异氰酸酯∶亚乙基、亚乙基(ethylidene)、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚环戊基-1,3、亚环己基-1,4、亚环己基-1,2、2,4-亚甲苯基、2,6-亚甲苯基、对亚苯基、n-亚苯基、亚二甲苯基、1,4-亚萘基、1,5-亚萘基、4,4’-亚联苯基、2,2-二苯丙烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、偶氮苯-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二苯砜-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、二氯己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1-氯苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、糠基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯及乙二醇、丁二醇之类的双(-异氰酸根合苯基)醚。
可使用的增链剂是含对异氰酸酯为活性的活性氢的有机双官能化合物,例如二醇、羟基羧酸、二羧酸、二胺及链烷醇胺和水。此种化合物例如包括乙二醇、丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丁二醇、丁炔二醇、亚二甲苯基二甲醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,4-亚苯基-双-β-羟乙基醚,1,3-亚苯基-双-β-羟乙基醚、双(羟甲基环己烷)、己二醇、己二酸、羟基己酸、硫二甘醇、乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、六亚甲基二胺、环己二胺、苯二胺、甲苯二胺、二甲苯二胺、二氨基二环己基甲烷、异佛尔酮二胺、3,3’-二氯联苯胺、3,3’-二硝基联苯胺、乙醇胺、氨基丙醇、2,2-二甲基丙醇胺、3-氨基环己醇及对氨基苄醇。低聚酯或聚酯与二官能增链剂之间的摩尔比在1∶1~1∶50之间,优选1∶2~1∶30。
除了二官能增链剂之外,三官能或更高官能的增链剂也可按二官能增链剂用量的最高约5mol%的少要用量使用。
此种三官能或更高官能的增链剂例如是甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、己三醇、季戊四醇及三乙醇胺。
单官能组分,例如丁醇,也可用于对应于组分B的热塑性聚氨酯的制备中。
以上提到作为热塑性聚氨酯的结构单元的二异氰酸酯、低聚酯、聚酯、聚醚、增链剂及单官能组分是文献上已知的,或者可按文献中已知的方法获得。
从所周知的聚氨酯制备方法例如可按下述实施:
例如,低聚酯及聚酯、有机二异氰酸酯及增链剂可各自加热,优选加热到约50~220℃的温度,然后进行混合。优选先单独地加热低聚酯及聚酯,然后再与增链剂混合,所获得的混合物再与预热的异氰酸酯混合。
聚氨酯制备用的各个组分的混合可采用任何允许在短时间内剧烈混合的机械搅拌设备来实施。倘若搅拌期间混合物粘度升高得过早、过快,则可降低温度或者加入少量(0.001~0.05wt%,基于酯计)柠檬酸或类似物质,以便降低反应速率。可使用适宜的催化剂,如叔胺,参见US PS 2 729 618,来提高反应速率。
实施例
A1
以双酚A为基础的线型聚碳酸酯,其相对溶液粘度,以二氯甲烷为溶剂在25℃按浓度0.5g/100ml测定,为1.252。
A2
苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物,苯乙烯-丙烯腈比例为72∶28,MFR(熔体流动比)为12.5g/10min,在23.0℃及荷重3.8kg下测定。
A3
接枝聚合物,由40重量份苯乙烯/丙烯腈按73∶27的比例的共聚物,接枝到60重量份粒状交联聚丁二烯橡胶上(平均粒度d50=0.3μm)组成,采用乳液聚合制备的。
AlO(OH)作为极性化合物,(Plural 200,由Condea(汉堡)提供);
PETS(季戊四醇的四硬脂酸酯)作为脱模剂;
聚氨酯发泡体系:Bayfill 51 IF 02 P,由拜尔公司(Leverkusen,德国)提供。
本发明复合材料的制备及测试
组分A1、A2、A3、PETS及任选地AlO(OH)在3 L密炼机中在220~240℃的温度进行混合。在Arburg 270 E型注塑机中,由该混合物在物料温度260℃的条件下制备尺寸为150×105×3.2mm的模塑件(片材),随后按已知方式施涂常规的市售聚氨酯发泡体系Bayfill51IF02P型。发泡反应结束后,在如下所述改变气候条件下对复合材料片材进行试验。
改变气候条件下的试验
为评估粘合力,实施不断变化气候条件下的试验,其中复合材料暴露于以1K/min的温度变化速率从-40℃到+80℃范围的温度。维持在各自所述的极限温度下的4h连续时间以及在T=+80℃时的相对湿度80%。经过12次温度循环之后,通过施加外力直至出现粘合破坏的时刻来测定热塑性材料与PU材料之间的粘合力。如果PU材料中出现粘合破坏,则粘合力评为(+)。如果在PU材料破坏之前出现复合材料的脱层,则粘合力定为(-)。
表1实例 A(对比例) 1 2热塑性混合物[重量份数]A1 58 55.2 52.7A2 24 22.9 21.8A3 18 17.1 16.4AlO(OH) - 4.8 9.1PETS 0.75 0.75 0.75PU发泡体系51IF02P X X XPU泡沫层厚度(mm) 5 5 5改变气候条件下的粘合力 (-) (+) (+)
表1的试验结果表明,本发明的复合材料表现出优异的粘合力。
Claims (10)
1.一种由至少两种不同塑料材料A和B彼此直接结合构成的复合材料,其特征在于
A)是热塑性聚合物或热塑性聚合物的混合物,它包含至少1种极细粒度无机粉末形式的至少1种周期表第1~第5主族或第1~第8副族金属的极性化合物,所述极性化合物的平均颗粒直径小于200nm,以及
B)是聚氨酯。
2.权利要求1的复合材料,其中组分A选自下列聚合物中的至少1种:
聚碳酸酯、聚酯碳酸酯、聚酯、苯乙烯共聚物、接枝聚合物、聚酰胺。
3.权利要求1或2的复合材料,其特征在于,所述极性化合物是至少1种周期表第2~第5主族或第4~第8副族金属的极性化合物。
4.权利要求3的复合材料,其中极性化合物是氧化物,任选地包含水,以及硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、碳酸盐、氢氧化物、碳化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氮化物、硼酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐、氢化物、亚磷酸盐或膦酸盐或者上述的混合物。
5.权利要求4的复合材料,其中金属选自钛、铝、硅、锡、锌和/或锆。
6.权利要求1的复合材料,其中极性化合物的比例,以热塑性材料A为基准,是0.5~50wt.%。
7.权利要求1的复合材料,其中热塑性聚合物A)包含添加剂,后者选自润滑剂和脱模剂、成核剂、抗静电剂、稳定剂和颜料中的至少一种添加剂。
8.权利要求1的复合材料,其中聚氨酯采取泡沫塑料、涂料或致密材料的形式。
9.由权利要求1~8之一的复合材料制备的模塑件。
10.制备权利要求1~8之一的复合材料的方法,其中无机粉末按传统方式以极细的分散形式被引入到组分A中,随后施涂聚氨酯体系并让其与所述材料起反应,其中不施涂增粘层。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19746265A DE19746265A1 (de) | 1997-10-20 | 1997-10-20 | Verbunde aus Polyurethan und einem thermoplastischen Material |
DE19746265.0 | 1997-10-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1276757A CN1276757A (zh) | 2000-12-13 |
CN1138630C true CN1138630C (zh) | 2004-02-18 |
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CNB988103494A Expired - Fee Related CN1138630C (zh) | 1997-10-20 | 1998-10-07 | 由聚氨酯和含有无机极性添加剂的热塑性材料组成的复合材料 |
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US (1) | US6461732B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1024955B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4458663B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100558231B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1138630C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU1151399A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9812957A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2307629C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE19746265A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2205756C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW530074B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999020464A1 (zh) |
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DE19924092A1 (de) * | 1999-05-26 | 2000-11-30 | Bayer Ag | Adhäsionsstabiles Verbundmaterial aus Polyurethan und einem weiteren thermoplastischen Material, ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung in Kraftfahrzeugen |
KR20020039294A (ko) * | 2002-04-25 | 2002-05-25 | 김권 | 열가소성 폴리우레탄과 나일론 또는 글리콜 변형테레프탈레이트 공중합 수지의 혼련으로 이루어진열가소성 수지 조성물 |
DE10231001A1 (de) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-02-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Aus Kunststoff bestehendes Werkzeug |
US20060073346A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-06 | Super Michael S | Polyester-polyurethane composites |
CA2588404C (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2011-06-28 | Marc S. Schneider | Energy absorbing padding for sports application |
US20060115651A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Painted glass tiles, panels and the like and method for producing painted glass tiles and panels |
US7241437B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2007-07-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zirconia particles |
WO2006102603A2 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Modification of thermoplastic polymers |
US20070056451A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-15 | Klann Kenneth J | Composite printing die |
US20070144383A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-28 | Klann Kenneth J | Composite pad printing plate |
CN101573308B (zh) | 2006-12-29 | 2016-11-09 | 3M创新有限公司 | 氧化锆主体以及方法 |
US8647510B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2014-02-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making zirconia-containing nanoparticles |
DE102008023499A1 (de) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Druckfarbe oder Drucklack, damit beschichteter Schichtstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffs |
JP5742087B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2015-07-01 | オイレス工業株式会社 | 複層摺動部材及びそれを用いた自動車のラックピニオン式舵取装置におけるラックガイド |
AU2010309023B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2014-03-27 | Hosokawa Yoko Co., Ltd. | Plastic film and infusion bag |
US8852744B2 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2014-10-07 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Composite components with improved adhesion of polycarbonate/polyester compositions and polyurethane |
DE102009058182A1 (de) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-06-30 | Bayer MaterialScience AG, 51373 | Verbundbauteile mit verbesserter Haftung aus Polycarbonat- / Polyesterzusammensetzungen und Polyurethan |
US20110135934A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-09 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process For The Production Of Polyurethane Composite Components |
RU2520529C1 (ru) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-06-27 | Константин Сергеевич Сахаров | Бумажно-слоистый пластик (варианты) |
RU2520338C1 (ru) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-06-20 | Константин Сергеевич Сахаров | Бумажно-слоистый пластик (варианты) |
CN105637020B (zh) | 2013-10-18 | 2018-12-11 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 对聚氨酯层具有改善粘合性的聚碳酸酯组合物 |
EP2899008B1 (de) | 2014-01-27 | 2016-08-31 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Spritzgiessverfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundbauteiles mit Oberflächenstrukturierung im Kontaktbereich der Schichten zur Verbesserung der Haftung |
ES2715451T3 (es) | 2015-06-03 | 2019-06-04 | Weidplas Gmbh | Componente |
US20170158801A1 (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-08 | Covestro Llc | Rigid polyurethane foams suitable for wall insulation |
EP3293222A1 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-14 | Trinseo Europe GmbH | Multi-layer composite article including polyurethane layer and pc/abs layer |
WO2018122137A1 (de) | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verbundbauteil |
SG11202004813YA (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2020-06-29 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | High-temperature foams with reduced resin absorption for producing sandwich materials |
FR3075918B1 (fr) * | 2017-12-22 | 2022-01-14 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Caisson isolant pour une cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante et procede de fabrication d'un tel caisson |
CN113710738A (zh) | 2019-03-20 | 2021-11-26 | 提克纳有限责任公司 | 用于相机模块的致动器组件 |
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CN116875041B (zh) * | 2023-08-24 | 2024-01-09 | 江阴久盛科技有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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JPH0621211B2 (ja) * | 1985-08-13 | 1994-03-23 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | 塩化ビニル樹脂組成物 |
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JPH06262713A (ja) * | 1993-03-16 | 1994-09-20 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 合成樹脂複合体 |
JPH06262714A (ja) * | 1993-03-16 | 1994-09-20 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 合成樹脂の複合体 |
US5447789A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-09-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Adhesion promoter for PVC compounds |
WO1995033688A1 (fr) * | 1994-06-06 | 1995-12-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Fines particules d'oxyde de zinc, procede de production de ces particules et leur utilisation |
US5726001A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Composite support for imaging elements comprising an electrically-conductive layer and polyurethane adhesion promoting layer on an energetic surface-treated polymeric film |
-
1997
- 1997-10-20 DE DE19746265A patent/DE19746265A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-01 TW TW087116317A patent/TW530074B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-07 AU AU11513/99A patent/AU1151399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-07 WO PCT/EP1998/006373 patent/WO1999020464A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-10-07 BR BR9812957-0A patent/BR9812957A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-07 US US09/529,707 patent/US6461732B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-07 JP JP2000516834A patent/JP4458663B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-07 EP EP98954367.3A patent/EP1024955B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-07 RU RU2000112639/04A patent/RU2205756C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-07 CN CNB988103494A patent/CN1138630C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-07 KR KR1020007004165A patent/KR100558231B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-07 CA CA002307629A patent/CA2307629C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9812957A (pt) | 2000-08-08 |
WO1999020464A1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
TW530074B (en) | 2003-05-01 |
AU1151399A (en) | 1999-05-10 |
US6461732B1 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
CA2307629A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
JP2001520136A (ja) | 2001-10-30 |
EP1024955A1 (de) | 2000-08-09 |
KR100558231B1 (ko) | 2006-03-10 |
CN1276757A (zh) | 2000-12-13 |
JP4458663B2 (ja) | 2010-04-28 |
KR20010031213A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
RU2205756C2 (ru) | 2003-06-10 |
US20020058716A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
CA2307629C (en) | 2009-12-15 |
EP1024955B1 (de) | 2013-08-14 |
DE19746265A1 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
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