CN1138077A - 无溶剂粘合剂 - Google Patents
无溶剂粘合剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无溶剂应用的粘合剂,其含有至少一种含-OH或-NCO端基的用甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基均聚物或共聚物(a)(可以含有羟基官能团)改性的聚氨酯(b),其中聚氨酯(b)是聚醚多醇(c)或二醇(C1)和/或聚酯多醇(C2)与含1至4个-NCO基团(d1)和/或聚异氰酸酯(d2)和/或含NCO端基或-OH端基的聚氨酯预聚物(d3)的异氰酸酯单体(d)的反应产物。
Description
由低分子量的多醇类和二异氰酸酯类生成的带有尿烷基团的聚异氰酸酯是长期以来众所周知的。这些聚异氰酸酯的实例在德国专利DE-A-870 400和DE-A-1 090 196中有所叙述。在通过多醇类和二异氰酸酯类反应制备这些聚合物时,过量的二异氰酸酯与游离的异氰酸酯基团生成聚异氰酸酯聚合物,而过量的多醇类与游离的OH基团生成聚氨酯类。这些产物是用于漆和粘合剂的重要的原料。然而,它们存在的问题是对光不稳定,以及原料昂贵。
在聚醚中洗涤剂存在下苯乙烯和丙烯腈聚合生成填充聚醚或多元醇聚合物也是众所周知的。它们用作制备聚氨酯和泡沫体的聚合物分散体的原料。对此应该提到英国专利GB-A-1 455 495、比利时专利BE-A-0 635 489、以及西班牙专利ES-0 555 780和ES-A-0 555 890。在德国专利DE-A-2 943 689中揭示了多元醇中使用环氧分散体。其中没有提到透明粘合剂体系。
最后,在单体丙烯酸酯的存在下由含羟基官能团的丙烯酸酯的加成反应生成的聚丙烯酸尿酯用作带有NCO端基的聚氨酯是众所周知的,并在辐射或UV固化体系中用作反应性稀释剂,可以无溶剂使用的粘合剂在这些聚合物中未见有所叙述。另外,聚丙烯酸酯的粘度太高,以致于不使用溶剂就不能与聚氨酯聚合物结合。然而,在许多技术领域,不希望使用含溶剂的粘合剂,这是因为当干燥时溶剂从粘合剂中释放出来,会导致损害健康和提高成本。而且,许多领域中需要透明粘合剂,尤其是当透明材料层压在一起时。
因此本发明的目的是提供新颖的无溶剂透明粘合剂。
根据本发明,提供一种粘合剂,其含有至少一种含-OH或-NCO端基的用甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基均聚物或共聚物(a)(可以含有羟基官能团)改性的聚氨酯(b),其中聚氨酯(b)是聚醚多醇(c)或二醇(c1)和/或聚酯多醇(c2)与含1至4个-NCO基团(d1)和/或聚异氰酸酯(d2)和/或含NCO端基或-OH端基的低粘度聚氨酯预聚物(d3)的异氰酸酯单体(d)的反应产物。
当在此提到本发明的粘合剂可以无溶剂使用时,不是指它必须以无溶剂使用。本发明的范围也包括这些粘合剂与溶剂一起使用,虽然较好的是以无溶剂使用本发明的粘合剂。本发明的粘合剂也可以单一组分或二组分的形式使用。
令人惊奇的是,本发明的粘合剂具有足够低的粘度从而能在无稀释剂的情况下使用,即不加溶剂。同样令人惊奇的是,它们是透明的,所以它们可用于将透明材料(例如透明塑料板)粘合在一起。本发明的粘合剂可用于许多技术领域。有利的是,它们可用于层压纸与塑料板,将塑料薄膜层压在木头或粗纸板制品上,将纸或卡纸板与铝箔粘合,将不同类型的塑料薄片层压在一起以及层压铝箔与塑料薄片。
因此,用作原料的聚氨酯(b)是聚醚多醇和/或聚酯多醇(c)与含有-NCO端基的组分(d)反应产物。根据本发明,聚氨酯(b)是用至少一种组分(a)改性的。该改性不能通过简单的无溶剂混合组分(a)和(b)进行。然而,组分(a)作为单体可以与组分(b)混合并与其聚合生成聚丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯的混合物。甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基均聚物或共聚物也可不含羟基。然后这些含羟基的聚合物(a)通过加成聚合与单体异氰酸酯(d1)或带有-NCO端基的聚氨酯预聚物(d3)或其混合物共价键合。
用于使聚氨酯(b)改性的组分(a)是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或其衍生物和/或乙烯基化合物的均聚物或共聚物。有利的是该聚合物来自具有下列通式的甲基丙烯酸或其酯:其中R1为H或CH3,R2为H或C1-8烷基。乙烯基聚合物(a)较好的是来自具有下列通式的乙烯基乙酸酯或其衍生物:其中R3为CH3或C2H5。共聚物(a)的共聚单体为,例如,具有下列通式的带有羟基的化合物:其中R6为-C2H4或-C3H6。也可使用带有伯或仲胺基的乙烯基单体。
聚氨酯(b)的反应组分(c)可以是至少一种聚醚多醇或至少一种聚酯多醇或者至少一种聚醚多醇和至少一种聚酯多醇的混合物。除了聚醚多醇,还可使用二醇或乙二元醇。
聚醚多醇组分(c1)具有下列分子式中的一种:HO-CH2-CH2-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH或HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-(CH2-CH2-CH2-O)m-H其中m和n各为1至500的整数,较好的为4至30的整数。当然,也可以使用这些聚醚多醇相互混合或与至少一种具有上列两个分子式的二醇混合(其中n或m等于0)的混合物。组分(c1)也可以只含有一种具有上列分子式中一种的二醇,其中n或m等于0,或者这些二醇的混合物。有利的是,当制备本发明的粘合剂时,使用分子量为62至6000(较好的是400至3000)的聚醚多醇,分子量是根据羟基含量和羟基官能度计算的。
当聚酯多醇或聚酯多醇的混合物用作组分(c)时,聚酯多醇具有下列的通式:
HO-(R4-O-CO-R5-CO)x-OH其中R4和R5为脂族和/或芳族和/或脂环族双端基,x为整数,聚酯多醇的分子量至少为400。有利的是聚酯多醇的分子量为400至6000,较好的是1000至3000,其中分子量也是根据羟基含量和羟基官能度计算的。在该式中双端基R4和R5的具体实例为:-CnH2n-,
或
其中n为4至20。
反应组分(d)可以是带有1至4个-NCO基团的单体异氰酸酯(d1),有利的是,它具有下列的分子式:
R(NCO)y其中R为C4-12脂族烃基,C6-15芳族烃基或C6-15脂环族烃基,y为1至4。较好的是,单体异氰酸酯是下式的二异氰酸酯:
OCN-R-CH2-R-NCO
其中R的定义如上。这些二异氰酸酯的实例有4,4′-或2,4-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),2,4-或2,6-甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯(TDI)或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)。
当组分(d)是聚氨酯预聚物(d3)时,有利的NCO含量是2%至15%(重量),较好的是2%至8%(重量),其在25℃时的粘度为1000至15000mPa.s,较好的是1500至8000mPa.s。
当聚氨酯(b)欲带有NCO端基时,有利的是选择起始组分(c)和(d)并以下列的比例混合,即聚氨酯(b)的NCO含量为0.5%至15%,较好的是2%至8%。当聚氨酯(b)欲带有OH端基时,OH基团的数目为1至110,较好为10至50。
本发明的制备的改性的聚氨酯粘合剂在100℃时的熔融粘度小于10000mPa.s,较好为小于2500mPa.s。丙烯酸酯或乙烯基含量可大于50%(重量)。有利的是(a)对(b)的重量比为1∶99至80∶20,较好的是30∶70至60∶40。
用组分(a)对聚氨酯(b)的改性可以用许多不同的方法进行。例如,丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基单体(a)可以在聚醚多醇(c1)和/或聚酯多醇(c2)中聚合,可以向其中加入异氰酸酯单体(尤其是二异氰酸酯类),在聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基聚合物的存在下生成聚氨酯,或者向其中加入带有NCO端基的聚氨酯预聚物。另一种方法是先加入带有OH或NCO端基的聚氨酯预聚物、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基化合物,然后使其聚合。最后,可以使丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基单体的聚合与聚醚和/或聚酯多醇与单体异氰酸酯加成聚合生成带有OH或NCO端基的聚氨酯的反应同时进行。
本发明的粘合剂的制备例举如下:在第一步反应中乙烯基乙酸酯和/或丙烯酸酯单体在聚醚和/或聚酯多醇中于80℃至130℃的温度下采用自由基法完全聚合成相应的聚合物。多醇组分中的聚合物部分可大于65%(重量)。在25℃时的粘度通常小于10000mPa.s,较好为小于5000mPa.s。如上所述,低粘度的带有NCO端基的聚氨酯预聚物的加入导致与聚氨酯的加成聚合。于是生成了作为无溶剂产物的聚丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯的结合物。
令人惊奇的是本发明粘合剂的熔融粘度低得足以使粘合剂可以在环境温度或高于环境温度时无溶剂使用,当然如果需要,也可以在含溶剂的体系中使用。本发明的粘合剂可以在20℃至100℃的操作温度下无溶剂(即100%)使用。当与溶剂一起使用时,在环境温度下固体含量宜为20%至85%(重量)。用于本发明粘合剂的适宜溶剂的实例为乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯,以及其它通常用于漆或粘合剂的溶剂。令人惊奇的是,本发明的粘合剂与同类无丙烯酸酯的聚氨酯相比进行稀释要容易得多,例如粘度为20秒(参见DIN 53211,20℃)的溶液中的固体含量可以高达70%(重量),这使该粘合剂使用方便,而且容易用一般的机器速度以及/或大的量进行干燥。该粘合剂是透明的,且能用于层压透明板或用于纸张精加工。与未改性的聚氨酯相比,它们产生高的初始粘合力,对光非常稳定,且原料成本低。
以下实施例进一步说明本发明。以下所给出的百分数均为重量百分数。
实施例1以聚醚和聚酯为基剂制备丙烯酸酯改性的聚异氰酸酯
将260g平均分子量为400的聚醚多醇加热至100℃。在2小时期间加入190g乙烯基乙酸酯、104g丙烯酸丁酯和3g 2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)混合物。在110℃进行聚合1小时。加入0.5gAIBN,在120℃再搅拌1小时。
1小时之后再加入0.5gAIBN,并在120℃再聚合1小时。然后冷却至70℃并加入带有110g聚酯多醇的平均分子量为2800的432g聚氨酯预聚物和322g 4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)。在惰性气氛中90℃下搅拌2小时。得到清澈透明的带有NCO端基的且具有下列性能的粘合剂:固体含量:100%粘度(100℃):约2500mPa.sNCO含量:5%共聚物部分:30%对照例以聚醚和聚酯为基剂制备无丙烯酸酯的聚异氰酸酯
重复实施例1的程序,不同处是不加丙烯酸酯单体。使用324gMDI以确保NCO含量与实施例1相同。得到清澈的具有下列性能的粘合剂:固体含量:100%粘度(100℃):约8000mPa.sNCO含量:5%共聚物部分:0%
明显较高的粘度意味着该粘合剂不能无溶剂使用。
实施例2以聚醚为基剂制备丙烯酸酯改性的带有OH端基的聚氨酯
将400g平均分子量为400的聚醚多醇加热至110℃。在2小时期间于110℃下加入450g丙烯酸丁酯、100g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和5gAIBN混合物。在110℃搅拌1小时。加入0.5gAIBN,在120℃聚合反应继续进行2小时。然后冷却至70℃并在搅拌下加入15g三异丙醇胺(TIPA)和122g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)。温度在90℃下保持2小时。得到清澈透明且具有下列性能的粘合剂:固体含量:100%粘度(100℃):约1800mPa.sNCO含量:1.8%共聚物部分:55%
实施例3使用溶剂基剂的丙烯酸酯改性的聚异氰酸酯
用580g(无水)乙酸异丙酯稀释420g实施例1的粘合剂。清澈的粘合剂具有下列的性能:固体含量:42%粘度(20℃):约18秒(DIN 53 211)丙烯酸酯含量:12.6%共聚物部分:2.1%
Claims (16)
1.一种无溶剂粘合剂,其含有至少一种含-OH或-NCO端基的用甲基丙烯酸酯或乙烯基均聚物或共聚物(a)(可以含有羟基官能团)改性的聚氨酯(b),其中聚氨酯(b)是聚醚多醇(c)或二醇(c1)和/或聚酯多醇(c2)与含1至4个-NCO基团(d1)和/或聚异氰酸酯(d2)和/或含NCO端基或-OH端基的聚氨酯预聚物(d3)的异氰酸酯单体(d)的反应产物。
2.如权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征在于甲基丙烯酸-或乙烯基均聚物或共聚物(a)通过加成聚合与单体异氰酸酯(d1)和/或聚氨酯预聚物(d3)键合。
3.如权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征在于甲基丙烯酸-或乙烯基均聚物或共聚物(a)与聚氨酯(b)混合。
6.如权利要求1至5中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于其中的聚醚多醇或二元醇(c1)具有下列的通式:HO-CH2-CH2-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH或通式HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-(CH2-CH2-CH2-O)m-H其中m和n各为1至500的整数,较好的为4至30的整数。
7.如权利要求1至6中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于其中的聚酯多醇(c2)具有下列的通式:
HO-(R4-O-CO-R5-CO)x-OH其中R4和R5为脂族和/或芳族和/或脂环族双端基,x为整数,聚酯多醇的分子量至少为400。
8.如权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于聚醚多醇或二元醇(c1)的分子量为62至6000,较好的是400至3000。
9.如权利要求1至8中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于聚酯多醇(c2)的分子量为400至6000,较好的是1000至3000。
10.如权利要求1至9中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于异氰酸酯单体(d1)具有下列的通式:
R(NCO)y其中R为C4-12脂族烃基,C6-15芳族烃基或C6-15脂环族烃基,y为1至4。
11.如权利要求1至10中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于异氰酸酯单体(d1)是一种二异氰酸酯,其较好的具有下列通式:
OCN-R-CH2-R-NCO
其中R的定义如权利要求10中所述。
12.如权利要求1至11中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于聚氨酯(b)中NCO含量为0.5%至15%,较好的是2%至8%。
13.如权利要求1至11中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于聚氨酯(b)带有OH基团的数目为1至110,较好为10至50。
14.如权利要求1至13中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于聚氨酯预聚物(d3)中NCO含量是2%至15%(重量),较好的是2%至8%(重量),其在25℃时的粘度为1000至15000mPa.s,较好的是1500至8000mPa.s。
15.如权利要求1至14中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于其在100℃时的熔融粘度小于10000mPa.s,较好为小于2500mPa.s。
16.如权利要求1至15中任何一项所述的粘合剂,其特征在于(a)对(b)的重量比为1∶99至80∶20,较好的是30∶70至60∶40。
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DE19518656A DE19518656A1 (de) | 1995-05-20 | 1995-05-20 | Lösungsmittelfrei verwendbarer Klebstoff |
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CN (1) | CN1092694C (zh) |
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CN1075103C (zh) * | 1998-09-21 | 2001-11-21 | 深圳市奥博胶粘剂化工有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯粘接剂/密封胶组合物及其制备方法 |
CN101516618B (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2014-05-07 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 防湿片和将其贴合在木质类基材上而得到的装饰板 |
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CN110167985A (zh) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-08-23 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 聚氨酯的物理性能改进 |
CN115851206A (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 珠海科技学院 | 一种无溶剂聚氨酯改性丙烯酸酯胶黏剂及其制备方法 |
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US5763527A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1998-06-09 | Morton International, Inc. | Packaging adhesive having low oxygen barrier properties |
US6465104B1 (en) | 1997-12-01 | 2002-10-15 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Modified polyurethane hotmelt adhesive |
PT1036103E (pt) † | 1997-12-01 | 2003-01-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Adesivo de fusao a quente de poliuretano modificado |
US6340719B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 | 2002-01-22 | 3M-Innovative Properties Company | Crosslinking process |
JP4767454B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-31 | 2011-09-07 | コニシ株式会社 | 1液湿気硬化型ウレタン系接着剤組成物 |
BRPI0412983B1 (pt) * | 2003-08-22 | 2014-03-18 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Composição adesiva e método para unir dois ou mais substratos |
US7361292B2 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2008-04-22 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | High modulus, nonconductive adhesive useful for installing vehicle windows |
DE102005035235A1 (de) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen | Nichtwässrige Dispersion von Polyurethan(meth)acrylatpartikeln in Reaktivverdünner |
JP5098170B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2012-12-12 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 通気緩衝シート用接着剤および通気緩衝複合防水工法 |
JP5061531B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-22 | 2012-10-31 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 緩衝材用接着剤、通気緩衝複合防水工法および通気緩衝複合防水工法を用いて製造される構造体 |
KR100910184B1 (ko) | 2007-05-04 | 2009-07-31 | (주) 큐리프 | (메타)아크릴 변성 우레탄 폴리머의 합성방법, 그 합성물 및 그 합성물을 이용한 자외선 경화형 방습 접착제 조성물 |
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WO2011027210A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Stellenbosch University | A general purpose solvent-based adhesive |
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JPS5834878A (ja) * | 1981-08-25 | 1983-03-01 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 熱溶融型感圧接着剤 |
US4731416A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1988-03-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polyurethane-type adhesives containing nonaqueous solutions of acrylate polymers |
EP0246473B1 (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1990-04-18 | National Starch and Chemical Corporation | Acrylic modified reactive urethane hot melt adhesive compositions |
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JPH01502035A (ja) * | 1987-01-30 | 1989-07-13 | ソシエテ・ナシオナル・エルフ・アキテーヌ | 硬化後の改善されたせん断強さを示すアクリル接着組成物およびその部材、とくに構造部材の結合への応用 |
-
1995
- 1995-05-20 DE DE19518656A patent/DE19518656A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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1996
- 1996-03-22 EP EP96104556A patent/EP0744420B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-22 DE DE59610468T patent/DE59610468D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-22 AT AT96104556T patent/ATE241657T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-23 TW TW085104850A patent/TW327646B/zh active
- 1996-04-24 AU AU50829/96A patent/AU681985B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-05-13 SG SG1996009784A patent/SG48446A1/en unknown
- 1996-05-14 US US08/645,670 patent/US5824743A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-16 KR KR1019960016329A patent/KR100199538B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-17 BR BR9602327A patent/BR9602327A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-20 CN CN96106661A patent/CN1092694C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1075103C (zh) * | 1998-09-21 | 2001-11-21 | 深圳市奥博胶粘剂化工有限公司 | 一种聚氨酯粘接剂/密封胶组合物及其制备方法 |
CN101516618B (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2014-05-07 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 防湿片和将其贴合在木质类基材上而得到的装饰板 |
CN104592474A (zh) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-06 | 泉州泉港华博化工科技有限公司 | 一种无溶剂型聚氨酯涂层树脂及其制备方法 |
CN110167985A (zh) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-08-23 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 聚氨酯的物理性能改进 |
CN107459959A (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-12 | 中国乐凯集团有限公司 | 一种软包装用耐蒸煮无溶剂粘合剂及其制备方法 |
CN107459959B (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2020-12-22 | 中国乐凯集团有限公司 | 一种软包装用耐蒸煮无溶剂粘合剂及其制备方法 |
CN115851206A (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 珠海科技学院 | 一种无溶剂聚氨酯改性丙烯酸酯胶黏剂及其制备方法 |
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SG48446A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
TW327646B (en) | 1998-03-01 |
BR9602327A (pt) | 1998-04-22 |
JPH08325549A (ja) | 1996-12-10 |
KR960041312A (ko) | 1996-12-19 |
AU5082996A (en) | 1996-11-28 |
KR100199538B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
CN1092694C (zh) | 2002-10-16 |
AU681985B2 (en) | 1997-09-11 |
DE59610468D1 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
EP0744420B1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
ATE241657T1 (de) | 2003-06-15 |
EP0744420A1 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
DE19518656A1 (de) | 1996-11-21 |
US5824743A (en) | 1998-10-20 |
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