CN1137798A - 水解稳定的季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯 - Google Patents
水解稳定的季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1137798A CN1137798A CN94193721A CN94193721A CN1137798A CN 1137798 A CN1137798 A CN 1137798A CN 94193721 A CN94193721 A CN 94193721A CN 94193721 A CN94193721 A CN 94193721A CN 1137798 A CN1137798 A CN 1137798A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- diphosphites
- tert
- formula
- hydroxyl
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical class OP(O)OP(O)O.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- -1 pentaerythritol diphosphites Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical class OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 51
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
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- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FKIOYBLZUCCLTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butyl-2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C=C1C FKIOYBLZUCCLTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(C)(C)C SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FANGQVKSFHFPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 FANGQVKSFHFPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ASLNDVUAZOHADR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-3-methylphenol Chemical group CCCCC1=C(C)C=CC=C1O ASLNDVUAZOHADR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IKEHOXWJQXIQAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MQXNNWDXHFBFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)propane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O MQXNNWDXHFBFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims 2
- MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=CC(N)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C21 MTJGVAJYTOXFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BFZOTKYPSZSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butan-2-yl-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BFZOTKYPSZSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- WBWXVCMXGYSMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-bis[2,4-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenoxy]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical group C=1C=C(OP2OCC3(CO2)COP(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)OC3)C(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WBWXVCMXGYSMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/527—Cyclic esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/65746—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一类水解稳定的二(芳烷基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,所述二亚磷酸酯适于用作聚烯烃、特别是聚丙烯的抗氧化剂添加剂。所述二亚磷酸酯挥发性低、热分解温度高,当混入聚烯烃基料中时能抑制变黄。优选的二亚磷酸酯是二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。
Description
本申请要求1993年8月30日提交的U.S.S/N:08/108,658的优先权,国家阶段申请要求1993年1月20日提交的PCT/US 93/00499的优先权。
技术领域
本发明一般地讲涉及具有改善的水解稳定性的一类新的亚磷酸酯,即二(芳烷基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯类,以及它们用作一些聚合物的稳定剂的能力,所述聚合物的实例有聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯醚、苯乙烯类聚合物、丙烯酸类聚合物、聚缩醛、含卤素的聚合物及其共聚物。
发明背景
塑料可用于多种多样的众多领域,例如用于汽车零件、房屋和建筑的部件、从食物到电子零件的包装等。如果没有为数众多的塑料添加剂的辅助,塑料便无法发挥这些多种多样的功能。如果没有添加剂,一些塑料会在加工过程中降解,随着时间的推移,聚合物会丧失冲击强度、变色以及带上静电,以上所列只是其中的几个问题。添加剂不仅能克服这些问题以及其它局限,而且能使最终产品具有改善的性能。
涉及塑料添加剂的配制一直是一件技巧性很高的工艺。向聚合物中配加添加剂需要在聚合物和添加剂的性能之间进行仔细平衡。例如,制备具有改善的抗紫外线性能的塑料可能影响聚合物的色稳定性及其功能特性的保持。制造者需仔细选择添加剂,使得所用添加剂不仅具有特定的功能,而且最小限度地影响其它添加剂和所制塑料。
抗氧化剂仅仅是可用于聚烯烃和其它聚合物树脂的一类添加剂。这类添加剂可延缓塑料的氧化降解。当由于加热、紫外线照射、机械剪切或金属杂质而在聚合物中产生自由基(具有不成对电子的高活性物种)时便会引发降解。如果没有抗氧化剂的保护,便会出现分子量降低、变脆、变色、交联以及其它聚合物性能的劣化。
一旦形成了自由基,便开始了引发聚合物氧化的链式反应。自由基随后与氧分子反应产生过氧自由基,过氧自由基再与可得到的氢原子反应形成不稳定的氢过氧化物和另一个自由基。若不存在抗氧化剂,这些反应会自动推进,导致聚合物降解。
抗氧化剂有两种基本类型,基本抗氧化剂和辅助抗氧化剂。基本抗氧化剂通过提供活泼氢原子而截取并稳定自由基。受阻酚和芳胺为两种主要类型的基本抗氧化剂。辅助抗氧化剂通过将不稳定的氢过氧化物分解为稳定产物而阻止其它自由基的形成。亚磷酸酯和硫酯便是通过分解氢过氧化物从而抑制自由基形成来发挥作用的辅助抗氧化剂。辅助抗氧化剂通常与基本抗氧化剂一起使用,但也可以单独使用,尤其是在它们的结构中含有受阻酚基团时。它们共同减少聚合物的变色,还可以再生基本抗氧化剂。
用于稳定聚合物材料防止其变色及熔体流动降解的市售亚磷酸酯有几种。已发现特别适用的一种产品是US 4,305,866(York)中描述的如式(I)所示的二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,其初始酸值约为1.1。文献中提及的另一产品是US 4,983,657(Humplik)中描述的如式(II)所示的二(2-叔丁基-4-{α,α′-二甲基苄基})季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。式(I)和(II)的亚磷酸酯的问题在于它们是吸湿性的,因而是水解不稳定的。暴露于湿气中一段时间后,它们会结块并变成粘性块体。
由于这种亚磷酸酯不具备良好的水解稳定性,它不能有效地用于色稳定和熔体流动稳定。诸如式(I)和(II)所示的一类季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯在保持色稳定性方面更为有效。
另外,亚膦酸酯也用作市售树脂添加剂,如通式(VI)所示。尽管这种亚膦酸酯具有良好的热稳定性和水解稳定性,但认为其氧化稳定性为中等,这与氧化稳定性随着磷-碳键数目的增加而减少的一般经验相符。
到目前为止,对一种吸潮速度较慢从而保持其在湿条件下的长期效力的基于季戊四醇的亚磷酸酯产品还存有需求。
发明的概述
本发明提供了水解稳定性更好的二(芳烷基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,所述亚磷酸酯适于用作聚烯烃(聚乙烯和聚丙烯),聚碳酸酯、聚酯(特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚酰胺(特别是尼龙)、聚苯乙烯、抗冲聚苯乙烯、聚苯醚、ABS型接枝共聚物、聚氨酯、聚砜、聚丙烯酸酯和含卤素的聚合物的抗氧化添加剂。
本发明的一个目的是提供具有高热分解温度的低挥发性热稳定聚合物添加剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供能够在暴露于湿气中较长的时间内抑制亚磷酸酯的水解从而保持粒状和自由流动的聚合物添加剂。
本发明的再一个目的是保持亨特黄度比色指数值尽可能低,从而表明添加剂已限制了聚合物在加工条件下的降解量。
本发明的再一个目的是保持聚合物的熔体流动指数,从而表明添加剂已限制了聚合物在加工条件下的降低量。
本发明的再一个目的是提供以改善的产率合成二(芳烷基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的方法。
本发明还有一个目的是证明二(芳烷基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯能够与一类受阻酚和紫外稳定剂结合使用以便以协同方式保持颜色并使聚合物的熔融降解减至最小。
本发明的这些目的和其它目的通过详细描述和所附权利要求将变得显而易见。
附图的详细描述
本发明的某些部分和部分排列可以采取有形形式,其优选实施方案将在说明书中详述并用构成发明的一部分的附图来说明,其中:
图1是480°F下使用下列制剂的线形低密度聚乙烯(100份LLDPE,250ppm CaS+Irganox 1010,500ppm亚磷酸酯)中黄度指数随几种亚磷酸酯的变化图;(A)本底情况--不加亚磷酸酯;(B)三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯(式III);(C)二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式I);(D)SandostabPEPQ亚膦酸酯(式VI);及(E)二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式V);
图2是熔体指数对上面图1中所述的磷基添加剂的关系图;
图3是向聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)中加入0.2%如图1中(E)所述的二亚磷酸酯时扭矩(米·克)对时间(分)的关系与不加二亚磷酸酯的对照样的比较图;
图4是与图3相同的比较物的黄度指数对时间(分)的关系图;
图5是向聚碳酸酯中加入0.2%如图1中(E)所述的二亚磷酸酯时扭矩(米·克)对时间(分)的关系图;
图6是与图5相同的比较物的黄度指数对时间(分)的关系图;
图7 a是如图1中(E)所述的二亚磷酸酯在氘代苯中于300MHz下的31P NMR谱;
图7b是图7a中所示的31P NMR谱的放大图;
图8a是如图1中(E)所述的二亚磷酸酯在氘代苯中于300MHz下的31P NMR谱;
图8b是图8a中所示的31P NMR谱的放大图;
图9a是如图1中(E)所述的二亚磷酸酯的傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)的吸光度对波数(cm-1)的图;
图9b是如图1中(C)所述的二亚磷酸酯的与图9a中所述相同的信息图;以及
图9c是2,4-二枯基苯酚的与上面图9a和9b中所述相同的信息图。
发明的详述
聚合物降解是由涉及聚合物链的骨架的化学反应引起的聚合物物理性能的劣化。降解表现为变黄、拉伸强度减小、冲击强度减小、熔体流动改变以及加工性变劣。这种降解是由聚合物中的污染、残余催化剂(可能引起解聚)、温度和光造成的。降解易于在下述条件下发生:聚合物干燥;聚合物造粒和配料;聚合物贮存和运输;聚合物成形加工;以及回收加工期间。
缓解某些上述问题的一种方法是利用添加剂,特别是亚磷酸酯添加剂。添加季戊四醇亚磷酸酯稳定剂引起的问题之一是它们易吸潮,因而减弱了产品的自由流动能力。另一个问题是在高温(通常高于480°F)下,某些亚磷酸酯不是很有效。现已发现,如式(IV)所示一般形式的本发明的以季戊四醇为基础的二亚磷酸酯较先有技术的季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的水解稳定性好,因而操作时较少费心,更适合作为添加剂。
具体地说,在式(IV)的以季戊四醇为基础的二亚磷酸酯中,R1、R2、R4、R5、R7、R8、R10和R11独立地选自氢和通式CmH2m+1的烷基,其中m为1-4;Rn 3、Rn 6、Rn 9、和Rn 12独立地选自氢、卤素和通式CmH2m+1的烷基,其中m为1-4,另外其中n为0-3,且取代基位于亚甲基桥基的邻位、间位或对位。卤素优选选自氯或溴,且期望卤素能使聚合物增加某种程度的阻燃性。
具体地说,本发明的一个优选实施方案是式(V)的螺环结构的二亚磷酸酯、二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯:但依所用的合成方法和条件的不同,也可能存在少量的如下面式(V′)所示的笼形结构:当然,终产物中也可以含有较大量的笼形结构,例如可含10-15%的笼形结构。
如图7(a)-7(b)、8(a)-8(b)的300MHz 31P-NMR谱(其中样品溶于氘代苯中)所示,可以使螺环结构对笼形结构的比例达到最大。在图8a中,螺环结构占99.94%,而笼形结构(示于谱中95ppm处)占0.07%。根本没有检测到亚磷酸三芳基酯。在图7a中,螺环结构占样品的99.49%,而余者表明样品的0.25%为笼形结构,0.26%为亚磷酸三芳基酯。
通过利用本申请所概述的合成方法,可以得到高纯度的样品。利用差示扫描量热法所作的热流动-温度图表明熔点为232.35℃,将其数据在Van Hoff′t图上作图时,表示纯度为99.63%。
因花费和时间的缘故不能进行稳定体系的真实寿命实验,因而开发了实验室试验以模拟发生降解的条件。热失重分析(TGA)是用来跟踪样品重量随温度变化的灵敏方法,因而提供了所研究物质的热稳定性、挥发性和分解温度信息。该试验模拟了制造和配料期间聚合物所经受的条件。
如表I所示,TGA扫描线用来测定前面式(I)、(II)、(III)和(V)所示的一系列亚磷酸酯稳定剂的热稳定性。测定了起始亚磷酸酯的失重百分数随温度的变化。
表1
TGA(1)比较
某一失重百分数下的温度
温度 | T(℃) | T(℃) | T(℃) | T(℃) |
失重百分数 | 亚磷酸酯 | |||
(I) | (III) | (V) | (II) | |
5 | 250 | 258 | 250 | 314 |
10 | 275 | 265 | 275 | 332 |
20 | 300 | 282 | 300 | 343 |
30 | 315 | 293 | 318 | 350 |
40 | 320 | 297 | 329 | 354 |
50 | 327 | 303 | 336 | 365 |
80 | 345 | 318 | 364 | 375 |
(1)DuPont 2000 TGA采用10℃的加热速率,在氮气氛下由室温升至800℃如表I所示,与式(I)的二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯和式(III)的三取代的对称亚磷酸三苯酯——亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯相比,式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯具有良好的高温稳定性和低挥发性,类似于式(II)的二(2-叔丁基-4-{α,α′-二甲基苄基})季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。
所有亚磷酸酯最终均会与水发生反应而水解。该反应发生时产生可滴定的酸性物质。在水解的第一阶段中,亚磷酸酯与一分子的水反应形成醇或取代的苯酚和亚磷酸二烷基酯或二烷芳基酯。亚磷酸二烷基酯或二烷芳基酯再与水反应形成单酯,单酯再与水反应形成二元亚磷酸。通过监测亚磷酸酯的醇或酚和酸含量,可以测定水解程度从而估计产品的适用性。
酸值按下述方法测定:称取1克亚磷酸酯样品。用0.02N丁醇钠中和大约75ml二氯甲烷直至蓝绿色终点(用约4-6滴0.1%溴百里酚蓝指示剂溶液)。将中和后的二氯甲烷加入亚磷酸酯样品中并溶解。立即用0.02N丁醇钠将溶液滴定至蓝绿色终点。
在先有技术产品式(I)和(II)化合物和新产品式(V)化合物之间进行水解稳定性的比较:将5g亚磷酸酯样品在25℃下暴露于85%的相对湿度中不同的时间,记下粉末改变其物理特性成为非粉末形式或变粘和结块的时间。在不限于任何具体理论的条件下,认为式(V)化合物的水解稳定性归因于磷附近的庞大基团,这给水解提供了很大的位阻。
表II
亚磷酸酯水解(1)
小时 | 0 | 67 | 163 | 163小时后的稠度 |
亚磷酸酯 | 酸值(2) | |||
(I) | 0.06 | 0.01 | 21.9 | 粘性 |
(II) | 0.08 | 0.12 | 10.1 | 粘性 |
(V) | 0.67 | 2.36 | 6.13 | 粒状和自由流动 |
(1)在25℃下将亚磷酸酯暴露于85%的相对湿度中。
(2)酸值(mg KOH/g)随时间(小时)的变化。如表II所示,式(II)和(V)的二亚磷酸酯在较长的时间内显示出较低的酸值,而且对于式(V)的情况来说,即使在暴露于极高的湿度水平中达163小时以上之后,二亚磷酸酯仍保持粒状和自由流动。
在一个更为苛刻的试验中涉及暴露几种市售二亚磷酸酯,即二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式V),二(2-叔丁基-4-{α,α′-二甲基苄基})季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式II),一种三取代的对称亚磷酸酯即亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(式III),以及一种二亚膦酸酯即SandostabPEP-Q,可再次看到式(II)的二亚磷酸酯的改进的性能。
表III
40℃和100%相对湿度下的水解稳定性
含磷添加剂 | (V) | (III) | (II) | (VI) |
失重50%时的初始TGA(℃) | 412 | 351 | 330 | 384 |
水解后失重时的TGA(℃) | 389 | 275 | 188 | 213 |
暴露时间(小时) | 700 | 650 | 50 | 250 |
评价 | 自由流动 | 结块 | 淤泥状 | 粘性/融合 |
暴露温度的作用可参照表IV,其中示出了暴露于40℃和100%相对湿度下在一系列温度下的TGA失重比较。再次测定了几种市售二亚磷酸酯的性能,即二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式V),二(2-叔丁基-4-{α,α′-二甲基苄基})季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式II),一种三取代的对称亚磷酸酯即亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(式III),以及一种二亚膦酸酯即Sandostab PEP-Q。
表IV
暴露于40℃和100%相对湿度后的TGA失重比较
含磷添加剂 | (V) | (III) | (II) | (VI) |
100℃ | 0.23 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 1.60 |
150℃ | 0.54 | 6.20 | 13.50 | 10.80 |
200℃ | 1.65 | 10.80 | 55.30 | 42.60 |
250℃ | 4.31 | 27.80 | 62.50 | 65.40 |
300℃ | 5.68 | 88.60 | 67.90 | 71.80 |
350℃ | 9.52 | 95.20 | 70.70 | 75.00 |
400℃ | 57.78 | 95.90 | 74.70 | 79.30 |
暴露时间(小时) | 700 | 650 | 50 | 250 |
评价 | 自由流动 | 结块 | 淤泥状 | 粘性/融合 |
模拟配料和成形的试验包括利用Brabender和多程挤出进行聚合物的扭矩流变测定。这些试验使熔融聚合物在较长的时间内受热和剪切作用。试验后,将聚合物制成可用于物理性质、颜色和粘度测试的样品。用Brabender多用塑度计PL2000研究聚合物材料在不同温度和剪切速率下的粘度或流动性能。为了进行测试,精确称量待加入聚合物(如聚丙烯)中的添加剂,将它们在1000ml的塑料烧杯中通过振荡大约5分钟而进行干混,制成样品。
Brabender塑度计主要由带有辊式刮刀(roller blade)的测定头,驱动控制器和测定元件组成。对于要进行的一系列试验,将温度设在200℃,将速度设在100rpm。样品重39g。试验时间大约为12-40分钟。将待评价的样品通过固定于5kg重物上的加料斜槽加入混合头中。然后,Brabender连续记录在200℃的恒温下在0-40分钟的时间内作为粘度度量的扭矩。连续监测扭矩和温度,扭矩给出了聚合物粘度的指示。对于大多数聚合物,随着聚合物的降解,粘度降低,因而扭矩减小。该试验一结束,立即去掉测定头。利用黄铜刀迅速从混合头中取出用于颜色测定的样品并置于清洁的不锈钢盘上。称量用于颜色测定的样品。冷却后,将样品置于两块抛光板之间并插入Carver压力机中在5公吨的压力和约150℃的温度下保持6分钟,加压后将夹板及样品冷却6分钟,取出样品并在亨特比色计中读出色度。Brabender还计算了在进行评估的时间内给予样品的比能。对于一段给定的时间,比能越高,聚合物降解越少。
熔体指数按照ASTM D1238的条件L的规定进行测定。该试验方法测定了在规定的温度和负荷条件下熔融树脂通过特定长度和直径的模头的流出速率。这一试验的结果给出了聚合物分子量的某些指示。对于聚丙烯,随着聚合物的降解和分子量的降低,熔体指数或通过小孔的流量增加。对于条件L,温度为230℃,负荷为2.16kg。熔体指数或熔体流动指数以每10分钟的克数(g/10分)表示。
颜色测定利用Hunter Lab D25-PC2 Delta Processor(处理器)进行。该处理器按照ASTM D1925和ASTM E313计算黄度指数。测定聚合物如聚乙烯和聚丙烯的颜色的工业标准即黄度指数。形象地说,黄度可与因光、化学反应或加工变量而引起的焦化、污染及一般的产品降解相联系。ASTM D1925的黄度指数用于测定塑料和涂料工业中这些类型的降解。该试验通过比较样品与白色标准样相比变黄的程度而进行。YI值越小,样品越白,降解越少;YI值越大,样品越黄,降解越严重。
通常,诸如聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯和聚碳酸酯一类的聚合物在较高温度下加工一段时间后易于分解或断链。这会造成熔体指数的增加。另一方面,聚乙烯可以因交联和氧化而增加分子量。当用熔体指数评价聚乙烯时要求熔体指数自始至终保持不变,对所有聚合物也基本上要求如此。
至于黄度指数,聚合物被加工得越久,黄度指数越大,材料的颜色变得越深。同样,要求在加工过程中该指数的变化最小。
表V
聚丙烯中亚磷酸酯的评价
(1)基料配方:(a)100份聚丙烯ProfaxTM6501(Himont制),
聚合物组成 | 扭矩(3)(米·克) | 亨特YI黄度指数 | ||
12分 | 24分 | 36分 | ||
基料(1) | 875 | 550 | 375 | 40.8 |
基料+(I)(2) | 1075 | 720 | 395 | 17.5 |
基料+(II)(2) | 1025 | 700 | 375 | 17.6 |
基料+(V)(2) | 1075 | 725 | 375 | 15.5 |
基料+(III)(2) | 1000 | 685 | 375 | 44.3 |
一种熔体指数为4、密度为0.9g/cm3、
拉伸强度为5000psi、屈服伸长为12%
的等规均聚物。
(b)0.10份Irganox 1076,即式(VII)的3-
(3′,5′-二叔丁基-4′-羟基苯
(2)向基料中加入0.2%亚磷酸酯。
(3)Brabender温度200℃,100rpm。
如表V所示,在12分钟时测定的未加亚磷酸酯添加剂的样品的扭矩(聚合物降解的度量)明显低于加有0.2%亚磷酸酯的样品的扭短。另外,如高黄度指数值所示,未加稳定剂的聚丙烯表现出显著的变色。在变色方面,式(V)的二亚磷酸酯与已知的式(I)和(II)的现有产品效力相当,并显著优于式(III)的产品。
因此,本发明的亚磷酸酯的改进之处在于它比式(I)和(II)的亚磷酸酯的水解稳定性好(如表II所示)以及它固有的热稳定性(如表I所示)。
按照表VI所示用量对亚磷酸酯(V)--二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯及其它几种亚磷酸酯用聚丙烯进行多次挤出研究。将样品用双螺杆挤出机在210℃下掺混并挤出。将挤出的物料造粒,留出少量样品以供熔体流动指数和颜色测试使用。将其余粒料再次挤出,这样一共挤出五次。
表VI
多程挤出研究
基础聚合物(1) | 添加剂 | 熔体流动指数(4) | 熔体流动指数(4) | YI(5) | YI(5) | ||
Ca(2) | 酚(3) | 亚磷酸酯 | 第一程 | 第五程 | 第一程 | 第五程 | |
#1 PP | 0.05% | 0% | 0% | 26.9 | 208.3 | 4.6 | 6.7 |
#2 PP | 0.1% | 0% | 7.0 | 12.2 | 4.5 | 6.3 | |
#3 PP | 0.1% | (V)0.05% | 5.9 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 5.4 | |
#4 PP | 0.1% | (I)0.05% | 3.9 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 6.1 | |
#5 PP | 0.1% | (II)0.05% | 3.5 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 6.1 | |
#6 PP | 0.1% | (III)0.05% | 6.0 | 54.6 | 4.3 | 5.4 | |
#7 PP | 0.1% | (V)0.05% | 4.0 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 4.6 | |
#8 PP | 0.05% | (V)0.10% | 3.9 | 15.0 | 4.1 | 4.4 |
(1)聚丙烯(PP)
(2)硬脂酸钙
(3)受阻酚(式(VII)的I-1076)
(4)熔体流动指数(克/10分)
(5)亨特黄度指数
这些数据清楚地表明,式(V)的亚磷酸酯确实提高了基础聚合物的稳定性。亚磷酸酯的添加量是本领域技术人员公知的,但一般根据成本考虑及FOA的批准而确定。然而一般的用量为0.01%至约0.5%。
尽管表VI中仅示出了一种受阻酚,但许多种不同的酚类化合物同样适用于本发明,这些化合物为本领域技术人员所熟知。这类适用的酚类化合物的非限制性实例有:BisphenolTM A(Dow化学公司,4,4′-异亚丙基双酚);TENOXTM BHA(Eastman化学公司,丁基化羟基苯甲醚);ETHANOXTM 330(Ethyl化学公司,1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯);ETHANOXTM702(Ethyl公司,4,4′-亚甲基-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚);MIXXIMTM AO-30(Fairmount化学公司,1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷);ANULLEXTM BHEB(Hodgson化学品有限公司,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚);HOSTANOXTM03(Hoechst Celanese公司,二[3,3-二(4′-羟基-3′-叔丁基苯基丁酸]乙二醇酯));TOPANOLTM CA(ICI Americas公司,1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷);SANTONOXTM R(Monsanto公司,4,4′-硫双(6-叔丁基间甲苯酚));SANTONOXTM(Monsanto公司,4,4′-硫双(2-叔丁基间甲苯酚));SANTOWHITETM(Monsanto公司,4,4′-亚丁基-双(2-叔丁基间甲苯酚));SUSTANETM BHT(UOP Biological& Food Products,2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚);VANOXTM 1320(R.T.Vanderbilt公司,2,6-二叔丁基-4-仲丁基苯酚);CYANOXTM 425(American Cyanamid公司,2,2′-亚甲基-双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚));CYANOXTM 1790(AmericanCyanamid公司,1,3,5-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5G)-三酮);CYANOXTM 2246(American Cyanamid公司,2,2′-亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚));IRGANOXTM 245(C iba-Geigy公司,1,6-亚己基-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯));IRGANOXTM 1010(Ciba-Geigy公司,四{亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯}甲烷);IRGANOXTM1076(Ciba-Geigy公司,3-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯);IRGANOXTM 3114(Ciba-Geigy公司,异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酯);以及IRGANOXTM 3125(Ciba-Geigy公司,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸与1,3,5-三(2-羟基乙基)-s-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)三酮的三酯)。
图1和图2给出的信息表示了与上面表VI中对聚丙烯所述相似的数据,只是用线形低密度聚乙烯代替了聚丙烯。图中清楚地表明,芳化程度很高的式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯优于几种市售添加剂,例如二(2-叔丁基-4-{α,α′-二甲基苄基})季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式II),其中脂族取代基位于苯环上二亚磷酸酯氧连接位点的邻位,芳烷基取代基位于苯环上同一氧原子连接位点的对位;二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯(式I),其中脂族取代基位于苯环上二亚磷酸酯氧连接位点的邻位和对位;以及式(VI)的亚膦酸酯,其中烷基取代基位于苯环上磷连接位点的邻位和对位。
图3示出了式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯在聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)中的评价结果。PBT是一种半结晶性的热塑性聚酯,可广泛用于各种高性能用途,包括汽车内外部件(包括电子零件)、工业生产零部件以及家用器具的把手和外壳。向Ultradur B4500 HF PBT(购自BASF公司)中加入约0.2%式(V)的二亚磷酸酯,所示扭矩流变仪数据的测试条件是在240℃和100rpm下运行40分钟。
图4中示出的对取自上述扭矩流变仪操作的样品进行黄度指数测定的结果表明,加入二亚磷酸酯添加剂后,PBT的色稳定性也得到了改善。
图5中的扭矩流变仪数据表明,向Lexan 151支化聚碳酸酯中加入0.2%式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯显著改善了熔体稳定性。该试验在300℃和100rpm下进行25分钟。
图5中还示出了对取自上述扭矩流变仪操作的样品进行黄度指数测定的结果,该结果表明,加入二亚磷酸酯后,聚碳酸酯的色稳定性同样得到了改善。
实施例
为了说明本申请人目前所知的最佳实施方案,现在描述实施本发明的最佳方式。实施例权用于说明本发明,不构成对本发明的限制,本发明的范围由权利要求的范围和精神实质限定。
实施例1式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的制备
向装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器和气体出口管的玻璃反应器中加入150g 2,4-二枯基苯酚、100g庚烷和100g甲苯、并加热至35℃。充分混合后,加入62.6g PCl3并将反应混合物加热至90℃。在90-95℃下0.5小时后仍有HCl放出。使反应在90-95℃下进行大约1.25小时,然后冷却至45℃,在剧烈搅拌下加入31.4g季戊四醇。使反应在搅拌下于50℃进行约3小时。用氮气吹洗反应混合物,再向其中加入120g庚烷,加热至100℃并保持8小时。产物为乳白色悬浮液。冷却后,过滤并干燥,得到129g(66%产率)二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。酸值为2至6。如果需要,可将母液再循环到另一批物料中以制备更多的产物。
实施例2在加入三烷醇胺的条件下式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的制备
在一个玻璃反应器上装上搅拌器、回流冷凝器和气体出口管。向该反应器中加入150g 2,4-二枯基苯酚、0.22g三乙醇胺、100g庚烷和100g甲苯并加热至35℃。充分混合后,加入62.6g PCl3并将反应混合物加热至90℃。在90-95℃下0.5小时后仍有HCl放出。使反应在90-95℃下进行大约1.25小时,然后冷却至45℃,在剧烈搅拌下加入31.4g季戊四醇。使反应在搅拌下于50℃进行约3小时。用氮气吹洗反应混合物,再向其中加入120g庚烷,加热至100℃并保持8小时。产物为乳白色悬浮液。冷却后,过滤并干燥,得到147g(75.4%)二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。酸值为1-6,通常为1-3。如果需要,可将母液再循环到另一批物料中以制备更多的产物。
如反应方案I所示,加入三烷醇胺将二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的产率从66%提高到75%以上。
实施例3式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的制备
在室温和氮气氛下将干燥亚磷酸三苯酯(2.582lbs.)加入反应器中。在缓慢搅拌溶液的条件下加入季戊四醇(单体)(566lb.),同样加入苯酚(40lb)。加毕,向反应液中加入1lb金属钠,有氢气放出。将物料缓慢加热至120-125℃并在该温度下保持5小时,随后冷却至100℃。在3-4mm真空下于125-130℃蒸出副产物苯酚。在125℃或更低的温度下加入亚磷酸2,4-二枯基苯酯(干燥,95%+纯度)以及另外2lb.金属钠以进行酯交换反应。在氮气氛下使反应温度在175℃保持大约12小时。然后在3-5mm真空下于200-210℃由反应液中蒸出副产物苯酚。反应温度冷却至175℃后,加入2,500lb.二甲苯(无水),通过在60℃下加入2,500lb.异丙醇(无水)使产物结晶。将产物冷却至室温后,用异丙醇溶剂将结晶产物洗涤数次,然后在70℃于真空下干燥。式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的熔点为230-232℃,酸值小于1。产物外观为白色至灰白色的自由流动粉末,用差示扫描量热法测得其纯度为98%+。
在该合成方法中,亚磷酸2,4-二枯基苯酯用作溶剂并可以0-100%的摩尔过量加入。在一个优选的实施方案中,摩尔过量大约为50%。用金属钠作为催化剂,最初制得中间体二苯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,但其它碱催化剂也可用于该反应。反应一般在175-200℃的温度下进行,随后蒸出苯酚并回收。蒸出苯酚后,将物料冷却至175℃,加入二甲苯。再将物料冷却至大约60℃并加入异丙醇使产物沉淀,然后过滤并干燥。产物的酸值小于1,经P NMR测得,该产物的螺环含量很高,大约自90%至更常见的98%以上。
反应方案II一般来说,用于制备式(V)的二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成方法示于反应方案I和II中。显然只示出了一种具体的实施方案,但当然应认识到其它情况也是可能的。例如,苯环可以带有烷基(通常为C1-4烷基)和/或卤素(通常为氯和溴)取代基,这也在本发明的范围之内。另外,反应时间和温度也未达到最大值,这些具体实例是至申请日为本发明人所知的最佳值。
讨论
尽管本发明仅仅涉及了几种被稳定的聚合物组合物,主要是聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚酯等,但不必局限于此。实际上,任何本领域已知的聚合物均包括在内,例如聚酯、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯、聚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯醚、苯乙烯类聚合物、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸类聚合物、聚酰胺、聚缩醛、含卤素的聚合物以及聚烯烃均聚物和共聚物。还可以使用不同聚合物的混合物,例如聚苯醚/苯乙烯树脂共混物、聚氯乙烯/ABS或其它冲击性改善的聚合物,例如含甲基丙烯腈的ABS以及聚酯/ABS或聚酯加上一些其它的冲击改性剂。这类聚合物可由市场购得或可以用本领域公知的方法制备。然而,由于通常加工和/或使用热塑性聚合物的极端温度,本发明的二亚磷酸酯特别适用于热塑性聚合物,例如聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚苯醚和苯乙烯类聚合物。
可以使用单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如包括聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁烯-1、聚甲基戊烯-1、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯、以及环烯烃的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯的聚合物,聚乙烯(可任选交联的),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和浅形低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)。还可以使用这些聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物、聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE)。还可以使用单烯烃或二烯烃互相之间或与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯、LLDPE及其与LDPE的混合物、丙烯/丁烯-1、乙烯/己烯、乙烯/乙基戊烯、乙烯/庚烯、乙烯/辛烯、丙烯/丁二烯、异丁烯/异戊二烯、乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)和它们的盐(离聚物)以及乙烯与丙烯和一种二烯(例如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯)的三元共聚物;以及这类共聚物及其混合物与上述聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/EVA、LDPE/EAA、LLDPE/EVA和LLDPE/EAA。
热塑性聚合物还可以包括苯乙烯类聚合物,例如聚苯乙烯、聚(对甲基)苯乙烯、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)、苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与二烯或丙烯酸衍生物的共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/马来酸酐、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸乙酯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸酯;苯乙烯共聚物和另一聚合物例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物的高冲击强度混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。苯乙烯聚合物还可包括苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯在聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯和丙烯腈在乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯和丙烯腈在聚丙烯酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸酯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯和丙烯腈在丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上的接枝共聚物,以及它们与上述苯乙烯类共聚物的混合物。
腈类聚合物也可用于本发明的聚合物组合物中。它们包括丙烯腈及其类似物如甲基丙烯腈的均聚物和共聚物,例如聚丙烯腈、丙烯腈/丁二烯聚合物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物、丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯聚合物、丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯聚合物(ABS)以及含甲基丙烯腈的ABS。
还可以使用基于下述丙烯酸类化合物的聚合物,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和乙基丙烯酸及其酯。这类聚合物包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和其中全部或部分丙烯腈型单体已被丙烯酸酯或丙烯酰胺代替的ABS型接枝共聚物。包含其它丙烯酸类单体如丙烯醛、甲基丙烯醛、丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酰胺的聚合物也可以使用。
还可以使用含卤素的聚合物。这类聚合物包括下述树脂,例如聚氯丁二烯、环氧氯丙烷均聚物和共聚物、聚氯乙烯、聚溴乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯、氯化聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、溴化聚乙烯、氯化橡胶、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-丙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物、氯己烯-异丁烯共聚物、氯乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-苯乙烯-马来酸酐三元共聚物、氯乙烯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、氯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物、氯乙烯-氯化丙烯共聚物、氯乙烯-偏氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、氯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、氯乙烯-马来酸酯共聚物、氯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物和内部增塑的聚氯乙烯。
其它可以使用的热塑性聚合物包括环醚的均聚物和共聚物,例如聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷或它们与双缩水甘油醚的共聚物;聚缩醛类,例如聚甲醛和含有环氧乙烷作为共聚单体的聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或含有甲基丙烯腈的ABS改性的聚缩醛;聚苯醚或聚苯硫醚;以及聚苯醚与聚苯乙烯或聚酰胺的混合物;聚碳酸酯和聚酯-碳酸酯;聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮;由二羧酸和二醇和/或由羟基羧酸或相应的内酯衍生得到的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚[2,2,4-(4-羟基苯基)丙烷]对苯二甲酸酯和聚羟基苯甲酸酯,以及由带有端羟基的聚醚衍生得到的嵌段共聚醚酯。
还可以使用由二胺和二羧酸和/或由氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺衍生得到的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺-4、聚酰胺-6、聚酰胺-6/6、聚酰胺-6/10、聚酰胺-6/9、聚酰胺-6/12、聚酰胺-4/6、聚酰胺-11、聚酰胺-12、通过间二甲苯、二胺和己二酸缩合得到的芳族聚酰胺;由1,6己二胺和间苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸以及任选的作为改性剂的弹性体制得的聚酰胺,例如聚2,4,4-三甲基亚己基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺。另外,还可以使用上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合或接枝的弹性体的共聚物;或者与聚醚例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇的共聚物,以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺。
所得的本发明的稳定化的聚合物组合物还可任选地含有各种常规添加剂,例如下述物质:(1)抗氧化剂
(1.1)烷基化一元酚类,例如:2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚。
(1.2)烷基化对苯二酚类,例如:2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二叔戊基对苯二酚和2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚。
(1.3)羟基化二苯硫醚类。例如:2,2′-硫联双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫联双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫联双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)和4,4′-硫联双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)
(1.4)亚烷基双酚类,例如:2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基-双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-二(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-十八烷基巯基丁烷、双[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸乙二醇酯、二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二环戊二烯和对苯二甲酸二[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]酯。
(1.5)苄基化合物,例如:1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛酯、二硫代对苯二甲酸二(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)酯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二十八烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙酯的钙盐和异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(1,3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)酯。
(1.6)酰氨基酚类,例如:4-羟基月桂酰苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺、2,4-二辛基巯基-6-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯氨基)-s-三嗪和N-(3,5-二叔丁基-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
(1.7)β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与-元或多元醇的酯,所述醇例如甲醇、二甘醇、十八烷醇、三甘醇、1,6-己二醇、季戊四醇、新戊二醇、异氰脲酸三羟乙酯、硫代二甘醇和二羟乙基草酸二酰胺。
(1.8)β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,所述醇例如甲醇、二甘醇、十八烷醇、三甘醇、1,6-己二醇、季戊四醇、新戊二醇、异氰脲酸三羟乙酯、硫代二甘醇和二羟乙基草酸二酰胺。
(1.9)β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,所述醇例如甲醇、二甘醇、十八烷醇、三甘醇、1,6-己二醇、季戊四醇、新戊二醇、异氰脲酸三羟乙酯、硫代二甘醇和N,N′-二羟乙基草酸二酰胺。
(1.10)β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如:N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二胺、N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二胺和N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基丙酰基)肼。(2)紫外吸收剂和光稳定剂
(2.1)2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑类,例如:5′-甲基-、3′,5′-二叔丁基-、5′-叔丁基-、5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-、5-氯-3′-、5′-二叔丁基-、5-氯-3′-叔丁基-5′-甲基-、3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-、4′-辛氧基-、3′,5′-二叔戊基-和3′,5′-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)-衍生物。
(2.2)2-羟基二苯酮类,例如:4-羟基-、4-甲氧基-、4-辛氧基-、4-癸氧基-、4-十二烷氧基-、4-苄氧基-、4,2′,4′-三羟基-和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基-衍生物。
(2.3)取代的和未取代的苯甲酸的酯类,例如:水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸4-叔丁基苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、二(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯和3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯。
(2.4)丙烯酸酯类,例如:α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯或异辛酯、α-甲氧羰基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯或丁酯、α-甲氧羰基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲氧羰基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
(2.5)镍化合物,例如:2,2′-硫联双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍配合物,例如1∶1或1∶2的配合物,所述配合物可任选地带有其它配位体,例如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺 二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸单烷基酯(例如甲酯、乙酯或丁酯)的镍盐;酮肟如2-羟基-4-甲基戊基十一烷基酮肟的镍配合物;以及1-苯基-4-月桂酰-5-羟基吡唑的镍配合物,所述配合物可任选带有其它配位体。
(2.6)位阻胺类,例如:癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、癸二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯、正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯、1-羟基乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与丁二酸的缩合产物、N,N′-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-s-三嗪的缩合产物、次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四甲酸、1,1′-(1,2-乙二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)。这类胺包括自受阻胺衍生得到的羟胺类,例如癸二酸二(1-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、1-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-苯甲酰氧基哌啶、1-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰氧基)哌啶和N(1-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-ε-己内酰胺。
(2.7)草酸二酰胺类,例如:4,4′-二辛氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二-十二烷氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰二苯胺、N,N′-二(3-二甲氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基草酰苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基草酰苯胺及混合的邻甲氧基和对甲氧基以及邻乙氧基和对乙氧基二取代的草酰苯胺的混合物。(3)金属钝化剂,例如:N,N′-二苯基草酸二酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰肼、N,N′-双水杨酰肼、N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑、二亚苄基草酸二酰肼。(4)亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如:亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸二月桂酯、亚磷酸三-十八烷基酯、二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯)、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨醇三亚磷酸酯和4,4′-亚联苯基二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯。(5)过氧化物清除剂,例如:β-硫代二丙酸的酯类,如月桂酯、硬脂酯或十三烷基酯、巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二硫代二-十八烷基、季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。(6)聚酰胺稳定剂,例如:铜盐与碘化物和/或磷化合物的组合物以及二价锰的盐。(7)碱性助稳定剂,例如蜜胺、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、双氰胺、氰脲酸三烯丙酯、脲衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻油酸钠、棕榈酸钾、焦儿茶酚锑和焦儿茶酚锌。(8)成核剂,例如:4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸。(9)填料和增强剂,例如:碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、石棉、滑石粉、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨。(10)氨氧基丙酸酯衍生物,例如:3-[N,N-二苄基氨氧基]丙酸甲酯、3-[N,N-二苄基氨氧基]丙酸乙酯、双[3-(N,N-二苄基氨氧基)丙酸]1,6-亚己基酯、2-甲基-3-(N,N-二苄基氨氧基)丙酸甲酯、3-[N,N-二苄基氨氧基]丙酸十八烷基酯、四[(N,N-二苄基氨氧基)乙基羰氧基甲基]甲烷、3-[N,N-二乙基氨氧基]丙酸十八烷基酯、3-[N,N-二苄基氨氧基]丙酸钾盐和双[3-(N-烯丙基-N-十二烷基氨氧基)丙酸]1,6-亚己基酯。(11)其它添加剂,例如:增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、荧光增白剂、阻燃剂、防静电剂、发泡剂和硫代憎效剂,如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯。
聚合物组合物中还可含有受阻酚类抗氧化剂。使用本发明的二芳烷基苯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯通过减弱因酚类化合物的存在形成的颜色而增强聚合物的保护作用。除了上面具体提及的化合物外,这类酚类抗氧化剂还包括:3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸正十八烷基酯、四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸)新戊烷四基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二正十八烷基酯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酯、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸)硫二亚乙基酯、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、双(3-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸)3,6-二氧杂-1,8-亚辛基酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚、2,2′-亚乙基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(2,6-二甲基-4-叔丁基-3-羟基苄基)酯、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三[2-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰氧基)乙基]酯、3,5-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)米酚、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸1,6-亚己基酯、1-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氨基)-3,5-二(辛硫基)-s-三嗪、N,N′-1,6-亚己基-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰胺)、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸乙酯)钙、亚乙基双[3,3-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丁酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸辛酯、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰)肼和N,N′-双[2-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基羟肉桂酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺,优选四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸新戊烷四基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸正十八烷基酯、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚或2,2′-亚乙基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)。
或者可以使用其他添加剂,或者-起使用其他添加剂,例如oxazaphospholidine。同样,本发明化合物在有受阻胺光稳定剂存在时可以抑制颜色形成,这类受阻胺包括2-正丁基-2-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、丁二酸二甲酯与4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇的聚合物、2,4-二氯-6-辛氨基-s-三嗪与N′-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺的聚合物。
根据本发明,本发明的二芳烷基苯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯或本发明方法的产物可在聚合物加工成制品前的任何时候或加工过程中加入聚合物中,并且可以通过本领域已知的各种方法中的任一种方法与聚合物混合,例如通过预掺混或直接加入加工设备中。
本发明已参照优选和可供选择的实施方案进行了描述。显然,在阅读和领会说明书后,可以对本发明作出改进和变动。只要这种改进和变动在所附权利要求或其等价物的范围内,本发明包括到目前为止所有的这类改进和变动。
Claims (19)
2.权利要求1的二亚磷酸酯,其中R1、R2、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10和R11为甲基,且在Rn 3、Rn 6、Rn 9和Rn 12中n为0,从而形成式(V)的二亚磷酸酯:
3.一种聚合物组合物,包含:
(a)一种聚烯烃;和
(b)一种如式(IV)所示的足以稳定聚烯烃的二亚磷酸酯其中,R1、R2、R4、R5、R7、R8、R10和R11独立地选自氢和通式CmH2m+1的烷基,其中m为1-4;R3、R6、R9和R12独立地选自氢、卤素和通式CmH2m+1的烷基,其中m为1-4;另外其中n为0-3。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中受阻酚选自:4,4′-异亚丙基双酚、丁基化羟基苯甲醚、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、4,4′-亚甲基-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、二[3,3-二(4′,-羟基-3′-叔丁基苯基丁酸]乙二醇酯)、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷)、4,4′-硫双(6-叔丁基间甲苯酚)、4,4′-硫双(2-叔丁基间甲苯酚)、4,4′-亚丁基-双(2-叔丁基间甲苯酚)、2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-仲丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基-双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,3,5-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5G)-三酮、2,2′-亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,6-亚己基-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)、四{亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯}甲烷、3-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酯、以及3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸与1,3,5-三(2-羟基乙基)-s-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)三酮的三酯。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中受阻酚选自四{亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯}甲烷、3-(3,5′-二叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸与1,3,5-三(2-羟基乙基)-s-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)三酮的三酯、1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷和1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中亚磷酸三芳基酯是亚磷酸三苯酯,芳烷基苯酚是2,4-二枯基苯酚。
11.权利要求10的方法的产物。
12.一种聚合物组合物,该组合物包含一种聚合物和一种用来改善聚合物的熔体流动稳定性和/或色稳定性的足量的权利要求11的产物。
13.权利要求12的组合物,其中聚合物选自聚烯烃、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚和苯乙烯类树脂以及它们的混合物。
14.权利要求13的组合物,其中聚合物选自聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12和4/6、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯醚、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、抗冲击性聚苯乙烯、ABS型接枝共聚物树脂以及它们的混合物。
15.权利要求12的组合物,其中权利要求11的产物的含量等于约0.1至约2phr。
16.权利要求15的组合物,其中权利要求11的产物的含量等于约0.1至约1phr。
17.一种具有改善的水解和热稳定性的、改进的、稳定的聚合物用季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯稳定剂组合物,该组合物包含式(IV)的二亚磷酸酯:其中,R1、R2、R4、R5、R7、R8、R10和R11独立地选自氢和通式CmH2m+1的烷基,其中m为1-4;R3、R6、R9和R12独立地选自氢、卤素和通式CmH2m+1的烷基,其中m为1-4;另外其中n为0-3。
18.具有改善的抗水解性的权利要求17的二亚磷酸酯,测得该二亚磷酸酯在暴露于85%相对湿度和25℃下163小时后的酸值为6.13或6.13以下。
19.权利要求18的二亚磷酸酯,其中R1、R2、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10和R11为甲基,且在Rn 3、Rn 6、Rn 9和Rn 12中n为0,从而形成式(V)的二亚磷酸酯:
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- 1994-04-25 US US08/232,950 patent/US5438086A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-25 WO PCT/US1994/004520 patent/WO1995006651A1/en active Application Filing
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- 1994-04-25 KR KR1019960700977A patent/KR100413583B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (5)
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CN100460410C (zh) * | 2005-06-22 | 2009-02-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 制备二-2,4-二枯基苯基季戊四醇双亚磷酸酯的方法 |
CN1948321B (zh) * | 2005-10-11 | 2010-04-28 | 上海化学试剂研究所 | 双(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇双亚磷酸酯的制备方法 |
CN110229421A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-09-13 | 中广核俊尔(浙江)新材料有限公司 | 一种耐高温注塑聚丙烯材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110229421B (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-11-09 | 中广核俊尔(浙江)新材料有限公司 | 一种耐高温注塑聚丙烯材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN113735906A (zh) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种连续法合成耐高温亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1048019C (zh) | 2000-01-05 |
US5438086A (en) | 1995-08-01 |
KR960703934A (ko) | 1996-08-31 |
KR100413583B1 (ko) | 2004-05-10 |
WO1995006651A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
AU7015294A (en) | 1995-03-22 |
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