CN1040760C - 含有有机材料和新的不对称亚磷酸芳基酯的新组合物 - Google Patents
含有有机材料和新的不对称亚磷酸芳基酯的新组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1040760C CN1040760C CN92102037A CN92102037A CN1040760C CN 1040760 C CN1040760 C CN 1040760C CN 92102037 A CN92102037 A CN 92102037A CN 92102037 A CN92102037 A CN 92102037A CN 1040760 C CN1040760 C CN 1040760C
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- phenyl
- tertiary butyl
- methyl
- compound
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- -1 aryl phosphite Chemical compound 0.000 title claims description 132
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycolonitrile Natural products N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M sodium ricinoleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/14—Esters of phosphoric acids containing P(=O)-halide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
- C08K5/526—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/141—Esters of phosphorous acids
- C07F9/145—Esters of phosphorous acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/141—Esters of phosphorous acids
- C07F9/146—Esters of phosphorous acids containing P-halide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/576—Six-membered rings
- C07F9/59—Hydrogenated pyridine rings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及将式Ⅰ化合物作为稳定剂应用于对热、氧化性和/或光诱导性降解敏感的有机材料中
其中各基团的定义详见说明书。
Description
本发明涉及新的亚磷酸酯,该亚磷酸酯作为稳定剂的应用,作为中间体的氯代亚磷酸酯以及含有该亚磷酸酯的组合物。
许多专利申请,如JP-A-54/039455,JP-A-54/036363,JP-A-54/055043和JP-A-62/086036基本上都公开了作为稳定剂的对称性取代的亚磷酸三芳基酯,且JP-A-54/041948将这些亚磷酸酯与其它稳定剂一起用在合成树脂组合物中,其中给出的一个具体实例是三(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)亚磷酸酯。JP-A-55/005927、JP-A-54/163938US-A-4348308和US-A-3558554公开了含有至少一个芳基的亚磷酸酯。US-A-3558554中优选的芳基是叔丁基取代的对-甲苯基。US-A-4348308公开了例如二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)环己基亚磷酸酯和二(2-叔丁基苯基)异癸基亚磷酸酯等化合物。US-A-4444929在稳定剂混合物中使用了如二(2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基亚磷酸酯等化合物。文献中已公开了制备本发明化合物的中间物的类似物。例如,US-A-4584146和US-A-4444929公开了在制备亚磷酸中作为中间物的二(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)氯代亚磷酸酯。US-A-4233208利用二(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)氯代亚磷酸酯及类似的氯化物和氢氧化物作为稳定剂。
用作对光诱导性和/或热氧化性降解敏感的有机材料的有效稳定剂的需求正不断增加。
本发明涉及式I化合物其中x为1、2或3,且
当x=1时,R1为C1-C30烷基;被卤素、-COOR2、-CN、-NR3R4或-CONR3R4取代的C1-C18烷基;被-NR5、-O-或-S-打断的C2-C18烷基;C3-C13链烯基;C5-C15环烷基;苯基-C1-C4烷基;未被取代或被C1-C4烷基、卤素、苯基-C1-C4烷基和/或C1-C4烷氧基取代的苯基;萘基或下式残基R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基或苯基-C1-C4烷基,R6为氢、甲基、烯丙基或苄基,R7为氢或-OR9,R8为氢或甲基,R9为氢或C1-C30烷基,R10和R11各自独立地为氢或C1-C8烷基,且n为3-6,条件是R1不为在与氧原子相连的碳原子的两个邻位上均被取代的苯基;
当x=3时,R1为C4-C12烷烃三基或(其中m为1-4)。
C1-C30烷基R1可以是直链的或支链的,例如甲基、乙基、各种异构体形式的丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基或三十烷基。烷基R1中优选C1-C24烷基,更优选的是C1-C18烷基,最优选的是C1-C12烷基,如C1-C4烷基。
C1-C18烷基R2、R3、R4和R5可以是直链或支链,如除相应的碳原子数不同外其它同C1-C30烷基R1中所定义的残基。优选的是C1-C12烷基,尤其是C1-C4烷基。
卤素取代的C1-C18烷基R1可以是直链或支链的,且可以是单取代或多取代的,优选的是单取代或双取代的,例如,氯甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氯乙基、二氯乙基、氯丙基、氟甲基、三氟甲基、三氟乙基、三氟丙基等。
-COOR2取代的C1-C18烷基R1的例子有被甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、各种异构形式的丙氧羰基、丁氧羰基、戊氧羰基、己氧羰基、庚氧羰基、乙基己氧羰基、癸氧羰基、十二烷氧羰基、环己氧羰基或甲苯氧羰基(尤其是甲氧羰基或乙氧羰基)取代的甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基或十八烷基,优选的是被甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基尤其是丁氧羰基所取代的甲基或乙基(尤其是甲基)。
-CONR3R4取代的C1-C18烷基R1的例子有被二甲基氨基羰基、二乙氨基羰基、二丁氨基羰基或乙基甲基氨基羰基(尤其是二甲氨基羰基或二乙氨基羰基)所取代的甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基或十八烷基,优选的是被二甲氨基羰基或二乙氨基羰基所取代的甲基、乙基或丙基,最优选的是被二甲氨基羰基所取代的丙基。
CN-取代的C1-C18烷基R1的例子有氰甲基、氰乙基氰丙基、氰丁基、氰戊基、氰己基、氰庚基、氰辛基、氰癸基、氰十二烷基或氰十八烷基,尤其是氰乙基。
被-O-、-S-或-NR5单元所打断的C2-C18烷基R1含有例如结构单元-CR2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH2-S-或-CH2-CH2-NR5-·-NR5-、-O-或-S-基团可在链中一次或多次出现。被-O-、-S-或-NR5-单元打断的C2-C13烷基R1的其它例子有被甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、丁硫基、二甲氨基、二乙氨基、二丙氨基等取代的甲基、乙基、丙基丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基或十八烷基,尤其是被甲氧基取代的甲氧基或乙氧基(优选乙氧基)。
C5-C12环烷基R1、R2、R3、R4和R5的例子有:环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环癸基或环十二烷基,优选环戊基或环己基,尤其是环己基。
苯基-C1-C4烷基R1、R2、R3、R4和R5的例子有:苄基、1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、α-甲基苄基、α,α-二甲基苄基等,优选的是苄基或1-苯基乙基。
芳香族残基R1中优选的是苯基。
取代苯基R1最好含有1-3个取代基,尤其是1或2个取代基,如氯苯基、三氯苯基、三氯苯基、氟苯基、二氟苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、三甲苯基、乙苯基、二乙苯基、异丙基苯基、叔丁基苯基、苄基苯基、苯乙基苯基、二-叔丁基苯基、甲基-二-叔丁基苯基、十二烷基苯基、甲氧基苯基、二甲氧基苯基、乙氧苯基、己氧苯基、甲氧基乙苯基、或乙氧基甲苯基、尤其是对-叔丁基苯基。作为芳基取代基的烷基或烷氧基最好含有1-4个碳原子尤其为甲基、叔丁基或甲氧基,优选的是叔丁基。
芳香族残基R1最好是未被取代或被烷基取代的苯基。
卤素具体是指氯、溴或氟。
尤其感兴趣的如下的式I化合物:
当x=1时,R1为C1-C30烷基;被卤素、-COOR2-CN、-NR3R4或-CONR3R4取代的C1-C18烷基;被-NR5、-O-或-S-打断的C2-C18烷基;C3-C18链烯基;C5-C15环烷基;苯基-C1-C4烷基;未被取代或被C1-C4烷基、卤素、苯基-C1-C4烷基和/或C1-C4烷氧基取代的苯基;或R1为萘基;下式的残基
当x=2时,R1为被-NR5、-O-或-S-打断的C2-C18亚烷基;或为
令人感兴趣的其它式I化合物为:
当x=1时,R1为C1-C24烷基;被卤素、-COOR2、-CN、-NR3R4或-CONR3R4取代的C1-C12烷基;被-NR5、-O-或-S-打断的C2-C18烷基;C3-C18链烯基;C5-C12环烷基;苯基-C1-C4烷基;未被取代或被C1-C4烷基、卤素、苯基-C1-C4烷基和/或C1-C4烷氧基取代的苯基;或R1为萘基;下式的残基
当x=3时,R1为C4-C12链烷三基或
优选如下的式I化合物:
当x=1时,R1为C1-C20烷基;被卤素、-COOR2-CN或NR3R4取代的C1-C8烷基;被-O-或-S-打断的C2-C8烷基;C3-C8链烯基;C5-C8环烷基;未被取代或被C1-C4烷基或苯基-C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;或R1为萘基;下式的残基R6为氢或甲基,R8和R9为氢;
当x=2时,R1为被-NR5或-O-打断的C2-C8亚烷基;
当x=3时,R1为
残基。
更感兴趣的式I化合物为
当x=1时,R1为未取代或被卤素、-COOR2、-CN或-NR3R4取代的C1-C18烷基;被-NR5、-O-或-S-打断的C2-C16烷基;C3-C6链烯基;C5-C8环烷基;苯基-C1-C4烷基;下式残基
当x=3时,R1为C4-C12链烷三基或
优选的式I化合物还包括当x=1时,R1为未被取代或被卤素、-COOR2、-CN或-NR3R4取代的C1-C12烷基;被-NR5、-O-或-S-打断的C2-C12烷基;或为苯基-C1-C4烷基或C5-C7环烷基。
更优选的式I化合物还包括其中R1为C1-C4烷基的化合物。
还应该强调的式I化合物是其中R1的定义同上但不为未被取代或被C1-C12烷基、卤素或C1-C4烷氧基取代的苯基或萘基的化合物。
值得一提的式I化合物还包括其中R1为C1-C18烷基、C5-C7环烷基或苯基-C1-C4烷基(尤其是C1-C18烷基)的化合物。
式I化合物可按化学领域已知的方法制备。DE-A-2950694叙述了一种制备相应化合物的方法,它是在碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物存在下将三卤化磷、磷酸单酯二卤化物或磷酸二酯卤化物与苯酚反应。
本发明的化合物可相应地通过在碱存在下用醇或酚取代氯代亚磷酸酯中的氯而制得,(其中R1的定义同前)。
为了制备二聚和三聚式I化合物,可使用相应的多醇。
所使用的碱可以是有机碱或无机碱。有机碱的例子有叔胺,如三甲胺、三乙胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二乙基苯胺或吡啶。无机碱的例子有碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,或碱金属碳酸钠,如碳酸钠或碳酸钾。
取代反应的温度可为例如-30℃-+150℃,优选的是-10℃-+70℃。
可使用的溶剂为脂族或芳香族、简单或卤代的烃或醚。合适的芳香烃的例子有苯、甲苯和二甲基,合适的氯代芳香烃的例子有氯苯。可用作溶剂的脂族烃的例子有己烷、戊烷和其它的石油醚级分。合适的卤代脂肪烃的例子有二氯甲烷和氯仿。合适醚的例子有乙醚、丁醚和四氢呋喃。
二芳基氯代亚磷酸酯(II)和R1OH醇以等量使用较好。但是,也可使用过量的醇,如过量1.05-1.2当量。
制备本发明化合物的另一种方法是在有机碱存在下将2当量的2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯酚与1当量的磷化合物R1O-PCl2缩合。
氯代亚磷酸酯的制备方法是本领域技术所已知的且已记载在各种出版物中。新的式II氯代亚磷酸酯可按类似方法制备。例如,HG.COOK et al.,J.Chem.Soc.1949,IV,2921-2927和A.J.Razumov et al,Chemical Abstracts 60,15719(1964)叙述了制备相应的氯化物的方法,它是在作为酸受体的N,N-二甲基苯胺或N,N-二乙基苯胺存在下将三氯化磷与链烷醇反应。Michaiski et al.J.Chem.Soc.1961,4904对上述方法进行了改进,使用吡啶/二乙基苯胺混合物作为酸受体。US-A-3281506和US-A-4584146是将三氯化磷与化合酚反应。H.G.Cook et al.,J.Chem.Soc.1949,IV,2921-2927还说明了另一种制备与式II类似的氯代亚磷酸酯的方法,它是将三氯化磷与对称性亚磷酸三烷基酯反应。US-A-4079103叙述了经过改进的该方法。
可不使用溶剂而直接以熔化状态制备二(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基)氯代亚磷酸酯,它可在不分离中间产物的情况下制备式I的亚磷酸酯。
式I化合物非常适用于稳定有机材料,以对付光诱导的、热的和/或氧化降解。因此,本发明也涉及含有这类降解反应敏感的有机材料以及至少一种式I化合物的组合物,还涉及式I化合物作为有机材料的稳定剂以防这种降解。
这类材料的实例有:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的多聚物,如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚甲基戊-1-烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯;以及环烯烃的聚合物,如聚环戊烯或聚降冰片烯;可被交联的聚乙烯,如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)以及线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)。
2.上面1)中提到的聚合物的混合物,如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物、聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(如PP/HDPE,PP/LDPE)以及不同类型聚乙烯的混合物(如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃与二烯烃的共聚物以及它们与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,如乙烯-丙烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其混合物与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、丙烯-丁-1-烯、丙烯-异丁烯、乙烯-丁-1-烯、乙烯-己烯、乙烯-甲基戊烯、乙烯-庚烯、乙烯-辛烯、丙烯-丁二烯、异丁烯-异戊二烯、乙烯-芳烷基酶、乙烯-异丁烯酸烷基酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯或乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离聚物),以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯(如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯)的三元共聚物;以及该共聚物及其混合物与1)中提到的聚合物的混合物,如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚物和LLDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物。
3a.烃类树脂(如C5-C9)和氢化的烃类树脂(如粘合剂)。
4.聚苯乙烯、聚(对-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
5.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与二烯或丙烯酸衍生物的共聚物,如苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-异丁烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-马来酸酐、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯;苯乙烯共聚物与另一聚合物(如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物)形成的耐冲击混合物;苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯。
6.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,如聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯、聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈上的苯乙烯;聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈/或异丁烯腈);聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯、丙烯腈和异丁烯酸甲酯;聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和马来酸酐;聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酐或顺丁烯二酰亚胺;聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和顺丁烯二酰亚胺;聚丁二烯上的苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或异丁烯酸烷基酯;乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈;聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚异丁烯酸烷基酯上的苯乙烯和丙烯腈;丙烯酸-丁二烯共聚物上的苯乙烯或丙烯腈,以及它们与5)中提到的共聚物的混合物,如已知为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚混合物。
7.含有卤素的聚合物,如聚氯丁二烯、氯化橡胶、氯化或氯磺化聚乙烯、乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,尤其是含有卤素的乙烯基化合物,如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氰乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、及其它们的共聚物,如氯乙烯-偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙烯基乙酸酯或偏二氯乙烯-乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物。
8.得自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,如聚丙烯酸酯和聚异丁烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈。
9. 8)中提到的单体彼此形成的共聚物或它们与另一不饱和单体形成的共聚物,如丙烯腈-丁二烯、丙烯腈-烷基丙烯酸酯、丙烯腈-烷氧烷基丙烯酸酯或丙烯腈-乙烯基卤共聚物或丙烯腈-烷基异丁烯酸酯-丁二烯三元共聚物。
10.得自不饱和醇和胺、其酰基衍生物或其缩醛的聚合物,如聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基乙酸酯、聚乙烯基硬脂酸酯、聚乙烯基苯甲酸酯、聚乙烯基马来酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基蜜胺;以及它们与1)中提到的烯烃的共聚物。
11.环醚的均聚物和共聚物,如聚二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷或它们与双缩水甘油醚形成的共聚物。
12.聚缩醛,如聚甲醛和含有共聚用单体(如环氧乙烷)的聚甲醛;被热塑性聚氨基甲酸酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS修饰过的聚缩醛。
13.聚苯氧和聚苯硫,以及它们与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
14.得自聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯的聚氨基甲酸酯,其一端具有羟基末端,另一端具有脂族或芳香族聚异氰酸酯,及其前体。
15.得自二胺和二羧酸和/或得自氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,如尼龙4、尼龙6、尼龙6/6、6/106/9、6/12和4/6、尼龙11、尼龙12;得自间二甲苯、二胺和己二酸的芳香族聚酰胺;由六亚甲基二胺和间苯二酸制备并根据需要而加进了作为改性剂的高弹体的聚酰胺,如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二酰胺或聚-间-亚苯基间苯二酰胺。上面提到的聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、高聚体或化学键合或接枝的高弹体形成的嵌段共聚物;或与聚醚(如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四氢呋喃)形成的嵌段共聚物;EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及加工过程中缩合的聚酰胺(“RIM聚酰胺系统”)。
16.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺和聚苯并咪唑。
17.得自二羧酸和二醇和/或羟羧酸或相应的内酯的聚酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁酯、聚-1,4-二甲基醇环己烷对苯二甲酸酯和聚羟苯甲酸酯,以及得自具有羟基末端的聚醚的嵌段聚醚-酯;和聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
18.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
19.聚砜,聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
20.一端得自醛、另一端得自苯酚、脲或马来胺的交联聚合物,如苯酚/甲醛树脂、脲/甲醛树脂和马来胺/甲醛树脂。
21.干燥和非干燥的醇酸树脂。
22.由饱和和不饱和二元羧酸与多羟基醇形成的共聚物与作为交联剂的乙烯基化合物所形成的不饱和聚酯树脂,及其含有卤素的的低易燃性衍生物。
23.得自取代丙烯酸酯(如环氧丙烯酸酯、尿烷丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯)的可交联丙烯酸树脂。
24.与马来胺树脂、脲树脂、聚异氰酸或环氧树脂交联的醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂或丙烯酸树脂。
25.得自聚环氧化物如联缩水甘油醚或环脂族双环氧化物的交联环氧树脂。
26.天然聚合物,如纤维素、天然橡胶、白明胶以及按聚合物均匀方式进行过化学改性的衍生物,如乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素和丁酸纤维素,或纤维素醚,如甲基纤维素;以及松香树脂及其衍生物。
27.以上提到聚合物的混合物(高聚物混体),如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA66和共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO。
28.为纯单体化合物或其混合物的天然存在的或人工合成的有机物,如矿物油,动物或植物脂肪、油和蜡,基于合成酯(如邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸磷酸酯或苯二酸酯)的油、蜡和脂肪,以及由合成酯与矿物油按任何所需重要比掺和而制成的掺合物及其水溶性乳液。
29.天然或合成橡胶的水溶性乳液,如天然橡胶胶乳,或羧化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的胶乳。
所要保护的有机材料最好是天然的、半合成的或最好是合成的有机材料。且最好为热塑性聚合物,尤其是PVC或聚烯烃,如聚乙烯和聚丙烯(PP)。
本发明的组合物含有0.01-10%(重量)、(例如0.05-5%)的式I化合物比较有利。含有0.05-3%(重量)的较好,含有0.1-2%(重量)的最好。该组合物也可能含有一种或多种式I化合物,且重量百分数针对的是这些化合物的总量,其计算是以没有式I化合物的有机材料的总量计的。式I化合物与有机材料的结合是通过例如按常规的工业方法混合或加入式I化合物(根据需要还包括其它添加剂)而完成的。如果为聚合物材料,尤其是合成聚合物,则可在模制之前或模制过程中通过将溶解或分散的化合物加至聚合物中而完成结合,并根据需要随后蒸发溶剂。当为高弹体时,也可将它们固定为胶乳。将式I化合物加进聚合物中的另一个方法是在相应的单体聚合之前、聚合期间或聚合后不久或交联前加入它们。式I化合物可直接加入或以包胶形式(如在蜡、油或聚合物中)加入。如果在聚合前或聚合过程中加入,式I化合物也可用作聚合物链长调节剂(链终止剂)。
也可将式I化合物或其混合物以含有例如2.5-25%(重量)的这类化合物的母炼胶的形式加到所要稳定的塑料中。
通过以下方法加入式I化合物较为有利:
—作为乳液或分散液(如加至胶乳或乳液聚合物中)
—在混合填加成分或聚合物混合物时作为干混物
—直接加至加工装置(如挤压机、密闭式混合机等)中
—作为溶液或熔化物。
可以各种形式使用本发明的聚合物组合物将其转化为各种方产物,如膜、纤维、带、模制组合物、型材,或作为表面涂料、胶粘剂或胶水的粘合剂。
如上所述,所要保护的有机材料可以是有机的,最好是合成的聚合物。最好是保护热塑性物质,尤其是聚烯烃。应该特别强调的是作为加工稳定剂(热稳定剂)的式I化合物的良好作用效果。为此,最好是在加工前或加工过程中将它们加至聚合物中。
但是,也可用它们稳定其它聚合物(如高弹体)或润滑剂或液压油,以防止降解,如光诱导的和/或热氧化性降解。上面所列出的可能有机材料中已给出了高弹体。
合适的润滑剂和液压油是以例如矿物或合成油或其混合物作为基质的。润滑剂是本领域技术人员所已知的,且记载在有关的专业文献中,例如Dieter Klamann,″Schmierstoffe und vcrwandtc Produckte″[Lubricants and Related Products](VerlagChemic,Weinheim,1982),in Schewe-Kobek,″Das Schmiermittel-Taschenbuch″[TheLubricant Handbook](Dr.Alfred Hüthig-Verlag,Heidelberg,1974),and in″UllmannsEnzyklopdie der technischen Chemie″[Ullmann’s Encyclopaedia of IndustrialChemistry],Vol.13,pages 85-94(Verlag Chemie,Weinheim,1977).
本发明也涉及稳定有机材料的方法,它是通过向该材料中加入作为稳定剂的式I化合物以防止其氧化性、热性和/或光化降解。
除了本发明的化合物外,本发明的组合物,尤其是当它们含有有机、最好是合成聚合物时,也可含有其它常规添加剂。这类添加剂的例子有:
1.抗氧化剂
1.1 烷基化一元酚,如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二-环戊基-4-甲基苯酚2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二-十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚和2,6-二-壬基-4-甲基苯酚。
1.2 烷基化氢醌,如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二-叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二-叔戊基氢醌和2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚。
1.3 羟基化硫代双苯基醚,如2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)和4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)。
1.4 亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基--4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双〔4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚〕、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双〔6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕、2,2′-亚甲基双〔6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双〔3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟苯基)丁酸酯〕、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-二环戊二烯以及双〔2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基〕对苯二酸酯。
1.5 苄基化合物,如1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫化物、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛基酯、双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫醇对苯二酸酯、1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二-十八烷基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙酯和1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯的钙盐。
1.6 酰氨基苯酚,如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺、2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-S-三嗪和N-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.7 β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇形成的酯,例如与甲醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯和N,N′-二(羟乙基)苯酰胺形成的酯。
1.8 β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇形成的酯,例如与甲醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯和N,N′-二(羟乙基)草酰胺形成的酯。
1.9 β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇形成的酯,例如与甲醇、十八醇、1,6-己二酸、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯和N,N′-二(羟乙基)草酰胺形成的酯。
1.10 β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N′-二(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)六亚甲基二胺、N,N′-二(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)三亚甲基二胺和N,N′-二(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)肼。
2.紫外光吸收剂和抗光剂
2.1 2-(2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,例如5′-甲基、3′、5′-二-叔丁基、5′-叔丁基、5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)、5-氯-3′、5′-二-叔丁基、5-氯-3′-叔丁基-5′-甲基、3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基、4′-辛氧基、3′,5′-二-叔戊基和3′,3′-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)衍生物。
2.2 2-羟基二苯酮,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3 取代或未被取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲酰间苯二酚、二(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)间苯二酚、苯甲酰间苯二酚、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二-叔丁基苯酯和3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯。
2.4 丙烯酸酯,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯或异辛基酯、α-甲酯基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对-甲氧基肉桂酰甲酯或丁酯、α-甲酯基-对-甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基吲哚。
2.5 镍化合物,例如2,2′-硫代双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚〕的镍复合物,1∶1或1∶2的复合物,且根据需要还加入了其它配位体(如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺);二丁基二氨荒酸镍;4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基膦酸-烷基酯的镍盐,如甲基或乙基酯;酮肟物,如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍复合物;1-苯基-4-月桂酰-5-羟基吡唑的镍复合物,并根据需要加入了其它的配位体。
2.6 位阻胺,如双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-亚甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯、由1-羟基乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸形成的缩合产物、由N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-S-三嗪形成的缩合产物、三(2,2,6,6)-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)1,2,3,4-丁四酯和1,1′-(1,2-乙烷二基)双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)。
2.7 草酸二酰胺,如4,4′-二-辛氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二-叔丁氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二-十二烷氧基-5,5′-二-叔丁氧基草酰二苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰二苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基草酰苯二胺及其与2-乙氧基-2 ′-乙基-5,4′-二-叔丁基草酰二苯胺的混合物、邻-甲氧基-和对-甲氧基-双取代的草酰二苯胺的混合物或邻-乙氧基和对-乙氧基-双取代的草酰二苯胺。
2.8 2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,如2,46-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,35-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(4-甲苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪和2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属减活剂,如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰肼、N,N′-二(水杨酰)肼、N,N′-二(35-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼、3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑和二(亚苄基)草二酰肼。
4.其它的亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂酯、亚磷酸三十八烷基酯、二硬酯酰季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂酰山梨醇三亚磷酸酯、四-(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)4,4′-二亚苯基二亚膦酸酯和3,9-二(2,4-二-叔丁基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧代-3,9-二磷杂螺〔5,5〕十一烷。
5.过氧化物消除剂,例如β-硫二丙酸的酯,如月桂酰、硬脂酰、十四烷基和十三烷基酯、巯基苯并咪唑、2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二-十八烷基二硫化物和四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸季戊四醇。
6.苯并呋喃酮和二氢吲哚酮,如WO-A80/01566和EP/A415887。
7.聚酰胺稳定剂,如与碘化物和/或磷化合物结合的铜盐或二价镁的盐。
8.碱性轴助稳定剂,如蜜胺、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、双氰胺、三烯丙基氰尿酸酯、脲衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨基甲酸乙酯、高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐(如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻油酸钠和棕榈酸钾)、焦二茶酚酸锑和焦二茶酚酸镍。
9.成核剂,如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸和二苯基乙酸。
10.填充剂和增强剂,如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑和石墨。
11.其它添加剂,如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、色素、荧光增白剂、耐火剂、抗静电剂和消泡剂。
下面的实施例更详细地说明了本发明。除非另有说明,在以下的说明书中以及权利要求书中所出现的份或百分数均是指重量份或重量百分数。实施例1:制备双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)氯代亚
磷酸酯
将890.3g(4mol)2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基酚、4.2g二甲基甲酰胺和170.0g二甲苯加至已被氮气冲洗过并装有温度计、滴液漏斗、回流冷凝器和蒸馏装置的4-颈烧瓶中,于50℃及搅拌条件下,在1.5小时内向其中滴加274.9g(2mol)三氯化磷,将反应混合物加热至130℃,并在该温度下回流1小时。反应混合物在0.15巴真空下于120℃保温1小时。然后通过在较高的真空下蒸馏除掉二甲苯。用氮气打破真空后得到959.5g(1.9mol)标题化合物,它为过冷的橙色透明熔化物。
纯度:98%(用31P-NMR测得)
纯化方法:以204℃/0.0002巴蒸馏。实施例2:制备双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚
磷酸酯
将300g(1.36mol)2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯酚加至装有温度计、搅拌器和回流冷凝器的1500ml磺化烧瓶中,并用氮气冲洗反应器。将反应混合物温热至55℃以熔化苯酚,向熔化物中加入1.5g二甲基甲酰胺。于同样的温度下在1.5小时内滴加102.7g(0.75mol)三氯化磷。用30%氢氧化钠水溶液中和所产生的盐酸气体。加入完毕后在4小时内将反应混合物加热至140℃,并在该温度下搅拌1小时。加以微真空(0.55巴),并将混合物于130℃搅拌4小时。然后将所获得的透明状橙黄色熔化物(为双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基)氯代亚磷酸酯)在氮气环境下冷却至约80℃,并用500ml石油醚(80-100℃)稀释。将该溶液冷却至-5℃,在15分钟内加入89.3g(0.884mol)三乙胺,再在1小时内滴加进32.8g(1.02mol)甲醇,并在此过程中升温至+5℃且沉淀出三乙胺盐酸盐。将该混合物在搅拌条件下缓慢加热(约1小时)至室温,过滤掉沉淀,并蒸发滤液,得到328g黄色油状的亚磷酸酯(通过高压液相层析〔HPLC〕测得的纯度为94%)。用乙醇重结晶粗品后得到262g(理论值的77%)的标题化合物,它为白色粉末状,熔点为75-78℃。
按照类似于实施例2中的方法,由对应于取代基R1的多元醇制备实施例34-36的化合物。对于其中X=2的化合物各使用2当量的双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基)氯代亚磷酸酯和碱,对于三聚化合物(X=3)各使用3当量的双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基)氯代业磷酸和3当量的碱。
实施例37:聚丙烯的稳定作用
将1.3kg聚内烯粉末(熔体流体指数3.2g/10min,于230℃/2.16kg下测得)与0.05%硬脂酸钙、0.05%四〔3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰氧甲基〕甲烷及0.05%表3所示的稳定剂混合。在桶径为20mm、长度为400mm、三个加热区分别定在260℃、270℃和280℃的挤压机中以100rpm挤压该混合物。通过一水浴冷却挤压物,接着造粒。对所得颗粒进行第二次和第三次挤压。经过这三次挤压后于230℃/2.16kg下测定熔体流动指数。该值小则说明稳定效果好。其结果示于表3。
表3
实施例号化合物 | 熔体流动指数(克/10分) |
-234567891011121316 | 17.86.16.65.810.26.06.75.86.28.77.17.08.79.5 |
实施例38:聚乙烯的稳定作用
将100份分子量约为500,000的粉末状未稳定高密度聚乙烯与干燥状态的0.05份四(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰氧甲基)甲烷及0.1份表4所示的稳定剂混合。将该混合物在Brabender Plastograph中以220℃及50rpm捏和50分钟。连续记录作为转矩的捏和阻力。聚合物交联的结果是在捏和期间在开始维持恒定后转矩迅速增加。从转矩增加前时间的增加可看出稳定剂的效果。所得值示于表4。
表4
实施例号化合物 | 转矩增加前的时间(分) |
-234567891011121316 | 5.016.512.012.013.015.022.517.019.016.514.017.013.515.0 |
Claims (11)
1.一种组合物,它含有:
a)对光诱导性、热和/或氧化性降解敏感的有机材料,和
X为1,
R1为C1-C30烷基;被卤素、-COOR2、-CN、-NR3R4或-CONR3R4取代的C1-C18烷基;被-NR5-、-O-或S-打断的C2-C18烷基;C3-C18链烯基;C5-C12环烷基;苯基-C1-C4烷基;苯基;R1为萘基;下式残基R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立为氢、C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基或苯基-C1-C4烷基,R6为氢、甲基、烯丙基或苄基,R7为氢或-OR9,R8为氢或甲基,R9为氢或C1-C30烷基,R10和R11各自独立为氢或C1-C8烷基,n为3-6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中
R1为C1-C20烷基;被卤素、-COOR2、-CN或-NR3R4取代的C1-C8烷基;被-O-或S-打断的C2-C8烷基;C3-C8链烯基;C5-C8环烷基;苯基,或R1为萘基或下式残基R6为氢或甲基,R8和R9为氢。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中
R1为未被取代或被卤素、-COOR2、-CN或-NR3R4取代的C1-C12烷基;被-NR5、-O-或S-打断的C2-C12烷基,或为苯基-C1-C4烷基或C5-C7环烷基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中R1为C1-C18烷基、C5-C7环烷基或苯基-C1-C4烷基。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中R1为C1-C4烷基。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中成分(a)为天然、半合成或合成聚合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中成分(a)为热塑性聚合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中成分(a)为聚烯烃。
11.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中成分(a)为聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
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US2841607A (en) * | 1956-05-21 | 1958-07-01 | Shea Chemical Corp | Process of preparing alkanolamine phosphites |
JPS5430241A (en) * | 1977-08-12 | 1979-03-06 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Stabilized synthetic resin composition |
US4383950A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1983-05-17 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Phosphite stabilizers |
US4584146A (en) * | 1983-10-20 | 1986-04-22 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Tetrakis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-substituted phenyl)4,4'-bisphenyl diphosphites |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR920018064A (ko) | 1992-10-21 |
ES2106159T3 (es) | 1997-11-01 |
ZA922169B (en) | 1992-11-25 |
DE59208672D1 (de) | 1997-08-14 |
EP0511156B1 (de) | 1997-07-09 |
EP0511156A3 (en) | 1993-01-27 |
US5322871A (en) | 1994-06-21 |
CN1065273A (zh) | 1992-10-14 |
CA2063852A1 (en) | 1992-09-27 |
CZ289085B6 (cs) | 2001-10-17 |
CA2063852C (en) | 2002-10-08 |
TW198038B (zh) | 1993-01-11 |
HK1001090A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
ATE155138T1 (de) | 1997-07-15 |
KR100225353B1 (ko) | 1999-10-15 |
US5401845A (en) | 1995-03-28 |
RU2071478C1 (ru) | 1997-01-10 |
EP0511156A2 (de) | 1992-10-28 |
SK279131B6 (sk) | 1998-07-08 |
CS88892A3 (en) | 1992-10-14 |
BR9201040A (pt) | 1992-11-24 |
MX9201299A (es) | 1992-10-01 |
SG44792A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 |
JP2920445B2 (ja) | 1999-07-19 |
JPH05117285A (ja) | 1993-05-14 |
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