CN113754449A - 一种耐烧结材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种耐烧结材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113754449A CN113754449A CN202110968476.4A CN202110968476A CN113754449A CN 113754449 A CN113754449 A CN 113754449A CN 202110968476 A CN202110968476 A CN 202110968476A CN 113754449 A CN113754449 A CN 113754449A
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- Prior art keywords
- sintering
- powder
- resistant material
- aluminum
- chloride
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 14
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004014 SiF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Si](F)(F)F ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001544485 Cordulegastridae Species 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004691 OPF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐烧结材料及其制备方法和应用,该烧结材料包括氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂,抗腐蚀剂包括重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉,抗氧化剂包括碳化铝和铝粉,粘结剂包括金属氯化物和硅溶胶,原料中的金属均从电炉渣的盐酸浸出液中提炼得到。本发明利用抗腐蚀剂提升耐烧结材料防侵蚀性,提高强度,利用复合抗氧化剂,提升抗氧化能力,且本发明的制备方法提高了电炉渣的资源利用率。电炉渣中占比最多的金属元素为镁、铝,因此利用镁的氧化物作为主体材料,除此之外,电炉渣盐酸浸出的其他氯盐均可以直接或者间接利用,既资源利用,又解决了主材料来源的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种耐烧结材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
废旧动力池是一种非常重要的可再利用资源,预计到2025年,我国废旧动力池报废量将超过60万吨,2030年废旧动力池报废量将超过150万吨,废旧动力池的报废量将呈现指数增长趋势。因此对于持续产生的废旧动力电池,废旧动力电池回收产业也将蓬勃发展,宁德时代、上汽集团、格林美、比亚迪、华友钴业等公司纷纷进入到废旧动力电池回收产业链当中。
当前,废旧动力电池的主流回收技术为火法-湿法回收技术,该技术步骤包括:拆解、放电、破碎、焙烧、筛分、浸出、除杂、萃取、合成等步骤,主要回收废旧动力电池中的镍、钴、锰、锂等重金属元素,以及铝、铜、铁、石墨等副产物。但在焙烧废旧动力电池的正极材料的时候,废旧锂电池中相当比例的偏聚氟乙烯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲酯、六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、六氟砷酸锂等有机溶剂在高温分解掉,产生的有害物质直接对回收设备产生影响,特别是在高温、高压、复杂反应等条件下对直接接触电池活性材料的耐烧结材料损害尤为明显。
注意到,废旧动力电池的耐烧结材料以SiC复合材料、高MgO材料、SiO2-Al2O3材料居多,有机溶剂高温分解产生的物质容易与MgO、Al2O3、SiO2反应,侵蚀和渗透回转窑耐烧结材料,进而破坏耐烧结材料,发生脱落、开裂等情况。高温下,部分反应原理可由下反应式表示:
LiPF6→PF5+LiF
LiPF6+H2O→OPF3+LiF+2HF
LiF+H2O→HF+Li2O
2HF+MgO→MgF2+H2O
4HF+SiO2→SiF4+2H2O
SiC+4HF→SiF4+CH4
6HF+Al2O3→2AlF3+3H2O
同时发现,我国每年冶炼的电炉渣排放量超过3000万吨,一般将电炉渣进行深度掩埋、加工成建筑材料、露天堆弃等,因此电炉渣的综合利用率低,但是从电炉渣中提炼金属制备耐烧结材料用于废旧动力电池回收中却比较少见。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种耐烧结材料及其制备方法和应用。
根据本发明的一个方面,提出了一种耐烧结材料,包括以下原料:氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂,所述抗腐蚀剂包括重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉,所述抗氧化剂包括碳化铝和铝粉,所述粘结剂包括金属氯化物和硅溶胶。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂的质量比为(80-150):(1-15):(1-10):(0.1-10)。优选为110:3.5:2.0:2.5。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉的质量比为(80-150):(1-10)。优选为(100-120):(7-10)。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述碳化铝和铝粉的质量比为(20-100):(1-30)。碳化铝的抗氧化能力比较强,因此抗氧化剂中碳化铝占比较多,增强了耐烧结材料抗氧化能力。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述金属氯化物和硅溶胶的质量比为10:(1-5);所述金属氯化物为氯化铁、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴或氯化镍中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供所述的耐烧结材料的制备方法,所述原料中的金属均从电炉渣中提炼得到,具体包括以下步骤:
将电炉渣粉与盐酸混合进行酸浸,固液分离得到浸出液;浸出液中主要的盐有氯化镁、氯化铁、氯化铝等,固液分离所得不溶渣为硅渣,即二氧化硅。
将所述浸出液蒸发氯化氢得到氯盐溶液,加入碱液调节氯盐溶液的pH,分别生成氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁,沉淀后的氯盐溶液蒸发得到氯盐结晶;
所述氢氧化镁高温下脱水制得氧化镁,所述氯盐结晶高温下脱水制得金属氯化物,所述氢氧化铝与还原剂反应得到铝,铝与炭粉混合反应得到抗氧化剂;
将重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉混合制得抗腐蚀剂,将金属氯化物与硅溶胶混合制得粘结剂;
将所述氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂按比例混合得到混合料,再将所述混合料压制成坯料,在惰性气氛下加热,制得所述耐烧结材料。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述电炉渣粉与盐酸的固液比为10:(40-80)(g/mL);优选的,所述盐酸的浓度为8-12mol/L。进一步地,酸浸的时间为30-40min。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,在酸浸结束后,固液分离之前,还对酸浸后浆料进行热水水洗,酸浸后浆料与热水的体积比为1:(7.5-10),热水的温度为50-95℃。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,蒸发氯化氢的温度为70-95℃,蒸发至浸出液的体积减少200-400ml/L。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,沉淀所述氢氧化铝的pH为3.0-4.8,优选为3.50;沉淀所述氢氧化镁的pH为9.0-10.5,优选为9.40。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述碱液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁或氢氧化钙溶液中的一种或几种,碱液的浓度为0.05-2mol/L。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,氢氧化镁和/或氯盐结晶高温下脱水的温度为180-300℃,脱水的时间为30-40min。所得到的氧化镁为无水氧化镁。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述还原剂为炭粉、煤粉、一氧化碳、氢气或硫化氢中的一种或几种;优选的,所述氢氧化铝与还原剂反应的温度为600-1100℃,更优选为850-1000℃。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述铝与炭粉反应前球磨成铝粉,铝粉和/或炭粉有超过90%的颗粒粒度<300μm,优选为<175μm。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,铝与炭粉反应的温度为800-1400℃,时间为200-400min,反应在保护气氛下进行,保护气氛为氩气、氦气或氖气中的一种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述多孔石墨粉和/或重晶石粉有超过90%的颗粒粒度<150μm,优选为<85μm。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,坯料加热的温度为1140-1450℃,加热的时间为150-450min,所述惰性气氛为氮气、氦气、氖气或氩气中的一种。
本发明还提供所述的耐烧结材料在废旧动力电池回收中的应用。具体用于焙烧废旧动力电池的正极材料所用的烧结设备中。进一步地,烧结设备可以是回转窑。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,至少具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明利用抗腐蚀剂提升耐烧结材料防侵蚀性,提高强度。为防止偏聚氟乙烯、六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、六氟砷酸锂等物质中的氟对耐烧结材料的侵蚀作用,抗腐蚀剂中加入了大量的重晶石粉,重晶石粉具有防高温防腐蚀作用,通过混合包覆,让氧化镁裹上“一层防护衣”。利用多孔石墨孔隙发达的特性,能为材料受热后体积变化提供提供一定缓冲空间,很好的解决了氧化镁高温下体积增大导致耐烧结材料膨胀的问题。
2、本发明利用复合抗氧化剂,提升抗氧化能力。在电极材料焙烧,有机溶剂必须通氧气氧化热解,才能去除掉,因此回转窑烧内壁的结耐烧结材料很容易氧化,耐烧结砖的结构也更容易脆弱,因此耐烧结材料对防氧化性能的要求更高。本发明中加入碳化铝-铝粉的复合抗氧化剂进行防氧化,铝具有一定还原性,碳化铝的抗氧化能力比较强,两者复合能够增强耐烧结材料抗氧化能力。
3、本发明的制备方法提高了电炉渣的资源利用率。电炉渣中占比最多的金属元素为镁、铝,因此利用镁的氧化物作为主体材料,既资源利用,又解决了主材料来源的问题。同时利用还原得到的铝粉制备碳化铝-铝粉复合抗氧化剂,解决了耐烧结材料中抗氧化剂主材料来源问题。另外,所制得的金属氯化物可当做粘结剂中原材料使用。综上所述,电炉渣盐酸浸出的氯盐均可以直接或者间接利用。此外,电炉渣中含大量硅基氧化物,如果直接使用电炉渣制耐烧结材料将会降低材料的耐压强度,本发明并未直接利用电炉渣制耐烧结材料,而是通过酸浸除去硅基氧化物,利用其中的金属,材料的耐压强度也有所提高。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为本发明实施例1的工艺流程图;
图2为本发明实施例1电炉渣的SEM图;
图3为本发明实施例1耐烧结材料的SEM图;
图4为本发明对比例1耐烧结材料的SEM图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例制备了一种耐烧结材料,由氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂按质量比110:4.5:2.0:2.5组成,抗腐蚀剂由重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉按质量比110:7.5组成,抗氧化剂由碳化铝和铝粉按质量比35:3.7组成,粘结剂由金属氯化物和硅溶胶按质量比10:1.2组成,金属氯化物有氯化铁、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴和氯化镍。参照图1,具体制备过程如下:
(1)电炉渣粉的浸出:电炉渣粉与浓度为9.3mol/L盐酸按固液比10:55(g/mL)混合得电炉渣浆料,搅拌反应36min,得酸浸后浆料,冷却,再用约63℃的热水水洗2次,酸浸后浆料与热水的体积比为100:850,水洗结束后抽滤得浸出液,不溶物为硅渣(二氧化硅),浸出液中的盐有氯化镁、氯化铁、氯化铝、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴和氯化镍;
(2)浸出液中回收水解产物:浸出液送至蒸发装置中,在约90℃下蒸发氯化氢得氯盐溶液,蒸发至浸出液的体积减少约280ml/L,加入浓度为0.15mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,先调节氯盐溶液pH至3.62,回收氢氧化铝沉淀,再调节氯盐溶液pH至9.57,回收氢氧化镁沉淀,剩余的氯盐溶液蒸发得到氯盐结晶;
(3)制备复合抗氧化剂以及氧化镁、金属氯化物:将氢氧化镁和氯盐结晶置于窑炉中245℃高温脱水32min得无水氧化镁和金属氯化物,氢氧化铝置于窑炉中加炭粉混合,在约1020℃下还原得铝,铝球磨成铝粉,铝粉和适量的炭粉混合,在约860℃窑炉中氩气气氛下反应240min,得碳化铝-铝粉复合抗氧化剂,碳化铝和铝粉的质量比为3:1;
(4)制备抗腐蚀剂、粘结剂:将重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉按质量比110:7.5在干燥混合机中混合制成抗腐蚀剂,将金属氯化物与硅溶胶按质量比10:1.2混合配制成粘结剂;
(5)制备耐烧结材料:将无水氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂、粘结剂按质量比110:4.5:2.0:2.5在混合机中混合得混合料,加料次序为:氧化镁与抗腐蚀剂先混合均匀,再加抗氧化剂、粘结剂混合均匀,混合料在压料机中制成坯料,在氮气气氛下,坯料置于电感加热炉加热至约1380℃并保温180min,制得耐烧结材料。
实施例2
本实施例制备了一种耐烧结材料,由氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂按质量比100:3.5:2.5:1.0组成,抗腐蚀剂由重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉按质量比100:7.5组成,抗氧化剂由碳化铝和铝粉按质量比33:6.1组成,粘结剂由金属氯化物和硅溶胶按质量比10:1.5组成,金属氯化物有氯化铁、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴和氯化镍。具体制备过程如下:
(1)电炉渣粉的浸出:电炉渣粉与浓度为9.5mol/L盐酸按固液比10:55(g/mL)混合得电炉渣浆料,搅拌反应40min,得酸浸后浆料,冷却,再用约75℃的热水水洗2次,酸浸后浆料与热水的体积比为100:860,水洗结束后抽滤得浸出液,不溶物为硅渣(二氧化硅),浸出液中的盐有氯化镁、氯化铁、氯化铝、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴和氯化镍;
(2)浸出液中回收水解产物:浸出液送至蒸发装置中,在约82℃下蒸发氯化氢得氯盐溶液,蒸发至浸出液的体积减少约340ml/L,加入浓度为0.50mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,先调节氯盐溶液pH至3.87,回收氢氧化铝沉淀,再调节氯盐溶液pH至9.68,回收氢氧化镁沉淀,剩余的氯盐溶液蒸发得到氯盐结晶;
(3)制备复合抗氧化剂以及氧化镁、金属氯化物:将氢氧化镁和氯盐结晶置于烘干箱中270℃高温脱水36min得无水氧化镁和金属氯化物,氢氧化铝置于窑炉中加煤粉混合,在约1020℃下还原得铝,铝球磨成铝粉,铝粉和适量的炭粉混合,在约980℃窑炉中氩气气氛下反应300min,得碳化铝-铝粉复合抗氧化剂,碳化铝和铝粉的质量比为7:2;
(4)制备抗腐蚀剂、粘结剂:将重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉按质量比100:7.5在干燥混合机中混合制成抗腐蚀剂,将金属氯化物与硅溶胶按质量比10:1.5混合配制成粘结剂;
(5)制备耐烧结材料:将无水氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂、粘结剂按质量比100:3.5:2.5:1.0在混合机中混合得混合料,加料次序为:氧化镁与抗腐蚀剂先混合均匀,再加抗氧化剂、粘结剂混合均匀,混合料在压料机中制成坯料,在氮气气氛下,坯料置于电感加热炉加热至约1450℃并保温200min,制得耐烧结材料。
实施例3
本实施例制备了一种耐烧结材料,由氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂按质量比120:5.5:2.5:3.5组成,抗腐蚀剂由重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉按质量比120:7.5组成,抗氧化剂由碳化铝和铝粉按质量比48:14.5组成,粘结剂由金属氯化物和硅溶胶按质量比10:1.8组成,金属氯化物有氯化铁、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴和氯化镍。具体制备过程如下:
(1)电炉渣粉的浸出:电炉渣粉与浓度为9.3mol/L盐酸按固液比10:70(g/mL)混合得电炉渣浆料,搅拌反应35min,得酸浸后浆料,冷却,再用约88℃的热水水洗2次,酸浸后浆料与热水的体积比为100:920,水洗结束后抽滤得浸出液,不溶物为硅渣(二氧化硅),浸出液中的盐有氯化镁、氯化铁、氯化铝、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴和氯化镍;
(2)浸出液中回收水解产物:浸出液送至蒸发装置中,在约95℃下蒸发氯化氢得氯盐溶液,蒸发至浸出液的体积减少约330ml/L,加入浓度为0.30mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,先调节氯盐溶液pH至3.83,回收氢氧化铝沉淀,再调节氯盐溶液pH至9.74,回收氢氧化镁沉淀,剩余的氯盐溶液蒸发得到氯盐结晶;
(3)制备复合抗氧化剂以及氧化镁、金属氯化物:将氢氧化镁和氯盐结晶置于烘干箱中285℃高温脱水36min得无水氧化镁和金属氯化物,氢氧化铝置于窑炉中加煤粉混合,在约1050℃下还原得铝,铝球磨成铝粉,铝粉和适量的炭粉混合,在约1345℃窑炉中氩气气氛下反应360min,得碳化铝-铝粉复合抗氧化剂,碳化铝和铝粉的质量比为5:1;
(4)制备抗腐蚀剂、粘结剂:将重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉按质量比120:7.5在干燥混合机中混合制成抗腐蚀剂,将金属氯化物与硅溶胶按质量比10:1.8混合配制成粘结剂;
(5)制备耐烧结材料:将无水氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂、粘结剂按质量比120:5.5:2.5:3.5在混合机中混合得混合料,加料次序为:氧化镁与抗腐蚀剂先混合均匀,再加抗氧化剂、粘结剂混合均匀,混合料在压料机中制成坯料,在氮气气氛下,坯料置于电感加热炉加热至约1360℃并保温250min,制得耐烧结材料。
对比例1
本对比例制备了一种耐烧结材料,与实施例1的区别在于,用步骤(1)中的硅渣代替氧化镁制备成耐烧结材料,步骤(1)-(4)与实施例1一样,步骤(5)的具体过程为:
制备耐烧结材料:将硅渣、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂、粘结剂按质量比110:4.5:2.0:2.5在混合机中混合得混合料,加料次序为:硅渣与抗腐蚀剂先混合均匀,再加抗氧化剂、粘结剂混合均匀,混合料在压料机中制成坯料,在氮气气氛下,坯料置于电感加热炉加热至约1380℃并保温180min,制得耐烧结材料。
对比例2
本实施例制备了一种耐烧结材料,与实施例1的区别在于,用步骤(1)中的硅渣代替85的质量比的氧化镁制备成耐烧结材料,步骤(1)-(4)与实施例1一样,步骤(5)的具体过程为:
制备耐烧结材料:将硅渣、无水氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂、粘结剂按质量比85:35:4.5:2.0:2.5在混合机中混合得混合料,加料次序为:硅渣、氧化镁与抗腐蚀剂先混合均匀,再加抗氧化剂、粘结剂混合均匀,混合料在压料机中制成坯料,在氮气气氛下,坯料置于电感加热炉加热至约1380℃并保温180min,制得耐烧结材料。
对比例3
本实施例制备了一种耐烧结材料,与实施例1的区别在于耐烧结材料中不添加抗氧化剂,步骤(1)-(4)与实施例1一样,步骤(5)的具体过程为:
制备耐烧结材料:将无水氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、粘结剂按质量比100:3.5:1.0在混合机中混合得混合料,加料次序为:氧化镁与抗腐蚀剂先混合均匀,再加粘结剂混合均匀,混合料在压料机中制成坯料,在氮气气氛下,坯料置于电感加热炉加热至约1460℃并保温180min,制得耐烧结材料。
将实施例1-3与对比例1-3制得的耐烧结材料置于回转窑中进行耐烧结测试,测试期间在400-900℃下共焙烧14批电极材料。
表1实施例与对比例所得耐烧结材料的性能测试
由表1可以看出,对比例1和2的耐压强度较实施例低,这是由于对比例1和2中含有大量硅基氧化物,降低了耐烧结材料耐压强度,对比例3的烧结减少量明显比实施例高,因此脱落的厚度较大,这是由于对比例3中未添加抗氧化剂,材料更容易氧化,使得材料的结构也更容易脆弱,多次焙烧后脱落较多。另外,对比例1比对比例2的脱落厚度较大、减少量较多,表明硅渣中掺入部分比例的无水氧化镁作为主体材料,也能一定程度上提高防腐蚀性和抗氧化性。
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐烧结材料,其特征在于,包括以下原料:氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂,所述抗腐蚀剂包括重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉,所述抗氧化剂包括碳化铝和铝粉,所述粘结剂包括金属氯化物和硅溶胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐烧结材料,其特征在于,所述氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂的质量比为(80-150):(1-15):(1-10):(0.1-10)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐烧结材料,其特征在于,所述重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉的质量比为(80-150):(1-10)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐烧结材料,其特征在于,所述碳化铝和铝粉的质量比为(20-100):(1-30)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐烧结材料,其特征在于,所述金属氯化物和硅溶胶的质量比为10:(1-5);优选的,所述金属氯化物为氯化铁、氯化铬、氯化锌、氯化钴或氯化镍中的一种或几种。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的耐烧结材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料中的金属均从电炉渣中提炼得到,具体包括以下步骤:
将电炉渣粉与盐酸混合进行酸浸,固液分离得到浸出液;
将所述浸出液蒸发氯化氢得到氯盐溶液,加入碱液调节氯盐溶液的pH,分别生成氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁,沉淀后的氯盐溶液蒸发得到氯盐结晶;
所述氢氧化镁高温下脱水制得氧化镁,所述氯盐结晶高温下脱水制得金属氯化物,所述氢氧化铝与还原剂反应得到铝,铝与炭粉混合反应得到抗氧化剂;
将重晶石粉和多孔石墨粉混合制得抗腐蚀剂,将金属氯化物与硅溶胶混合制得粘结剂;
将所述氧化镁、抗腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂和粘结剂按比例混合得到混合料,再将所述混合料压制成坯料,在惰性气氛下加热,制得所述耐烧结材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电炉渣粉与盐酸的固液比为10:(40-80)(g/mL);优选的,所述盐酸的浓度为8-12mol/L。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,沉淀所述氢氧化铝的pH为3.0-4.8;沉淀所述氢氧化镁的pH为9.0-10.5。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂为炭粉、煤粉、一氧化碳、氢气或硫化氢中的一种或几种;优选的,所述氢氧化铝与还原剂反应的温度为600-1100℃。
10.权利要求1-5任一项所述的耐烧结材料在废旧动力电池回收中的应用。
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