CN113735654A - Microbial fertilizer with long shelf life and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial fertilizer with long shelf life and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113735654A CN113735654A CN202111070417.1A CN202111070417A CN113735654A CN 113735654 A CN113735654 A CN 113735654A CN 202111070417 A CN202111070417 A CN 202111070417A CN 113735654 A CN113735654 A CN 113735654A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fertilizer with long shelf life and a preparation method thereof, the microbial fertilizer utilizes the combined action of a magnetic field provided by a magnetic material and a specific pH environment to reduce the metabolism of a microbial agent, and the death rate of the microbial agent is also reduced under the condition of reducing the nutrient consumption in the storage process of the microbial fertilizer, so that the shelf life of the microbial fertilizer is obviously prolonged; moreover, the swelling effect of the added bentonite is utilized, so that the inhibition effect of the magnetic field on the biological activity of the microbial agent is relieved, the effect of promoting the metabolism of the microbial agent is realized, and the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer is obviously improved; the microbial fertilizer has a longer quality guarantee period and better fertilizer efficiency, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application of the microbial fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a microbial fertilizer with a long shelf life and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The microbial fertilizer is developed according to the soil microecology principle, the plant nutrition principle and the basic concept of modern organic agriculture. The microbial fertilizer is a novel fertilizer biological product which leads crops to obtain required nutrients (fertilizer) through the life activity of active (reproducible) microorganisms, and is one of fertilizers in agricultural production (also called third generation fertilizers).
The microbial fertilizer is suitable for various crops, can activate nutrients, improves the nutrient utilization rate, has broad spectrum, breaks through the inherent weaknesses of the 'specificity', 'limitation' and 'special fertilizer' of the common biological fertilizer, and is incomparable with other biological fertilizers. The fertilizer is suitable for various types of soil, and generally, all lands with plants can be applied with microbial fertilizers to improve the soil and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers so as to promote the growth of crops. The microbial fertilizer has the effects of improving the soil fertility, increasing the number and the activity of beneficial microorganisms in soil, improving the soil activation property and preventing soil hardening; the soil fertility, water and cold resistance are improved, and beneficial bacteria are quickly propagated to enhance the disease resistance of crops; can increase organic matters in soil, prevent pathogenic bacteria from invading, reduce the growth of plant diseases and insect pests, promote the growth of crops, increase the yield of crops, improve and reduce the quality of agricultural products and the like.
In order to ensure the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer, a sufficient amount of microbial agent with biological activity needs to be ensured in the fertilizer during the shelf life of the microbial fertilizer. Therefore, the shelf life of most microbial fertilizers is short, generally about 18 months, and once the shelf life is exceeded, organic matters in the microbial fertilizers are greatly lost due to consumption of microorganisms, and the microorganisms are also greatly killed due to the service life and reduction of the organic matters, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizers is obviously reduced, and further the large-scale production and application of the microbial fertilizers are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The microbial fertilizer disclosed by the invention aims to overcome the defect of short shelf life of the existing microbial fertilizer, and provides the microbial fertilizer with a long shelf life and a preparation method thereof, the metabolism of a microbial agent is reduced by utilizing the combined action of a magnetic field provided by a magnetic material and a specific pH environment, and the death rate of the microbial agent is also reduced under the condition of reducing the nutrient consumption in the storage process of the microbial fertilizer, so that the shelf life of the microbial fertilizer is obviously prolonged; moreover, the swelling effect of the added bentonite is utilized, so that the inhibition effect of the magnetic field on the biological activity of the microbial agent is relieved, the effect of promoting the metabolism of the microbial agent is realized, and the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer is obviously improved; the microbial fertilizer has a longer quality guarantee period and better fertilizer efficiency, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application of the microbial fertilizer.
A microbial fertilizer with a long shelf life is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 2-6% of bentonite, 1-3% of magnetic material, 1-3% of microbial agent, 0.1-2% of pH regulator and the balance of nutrient components, wherein the total amount is 100%; the pH value of the microbial fertilizer is 5.5-6.0; the microbial fertilizer is a granular fertilizer prepared by mixing and granulating raw materials; the magnetic field intensity of the microbial fertilizer is 0.01-0.05T.
According to the microbial fertilizer with the long shelf life, in the storage process, the magnetic field provided by the magnetic material and the specific pH environment act together, so that the metabolism of the microbial agent can be remarkably reduced, the consumption of the microbial agent on nutrient components in the storage process can be reduced, the death of the microbial agent in the shelf life can be remarkably reduced, and the shelf life of the microbial fertilizer is further remarkably prolonged; meanwhile, after the fertilizer is applied, the bentonite contained in the fertilizer absorbs water and then expands, and fertilizer particles are disintegrated and dispersed in soil, so that the magnetic field strength in the fertilizer and the soil is reduced due to the reduction of the concentration of the magnetic material contained in unit volume, the reduced magnetic field strength not only relieves the inhibition effect on the biological activity of the microbial agent, but also has the effect of promoting the metabolism of the microbial agent, so that the biological activity of the microbial agent in the soil is enhanced, the beneficial effect is improved, and the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer is obviously increased; therefore, the microbial fertilizer with the long shelf life has a longer shelf life and better fertilizer efficiency, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application of the microbial fertilizer.
Wherein, the bentonite has the characteristic of water swelling, and simultaneously has a certain positive effect on the granulation of the fertilizer; preferably, the mass fraction of the bentonite in the microbial fertilizer is 3-5%; the consumption of the bentonite is too small, and after the bacterial manure is applied, the particles are not broken thoroughly, so that the weakening and distribution of the magnetic field intensity are influenced, and the promotion effect on microorganisms is poor; the consumption of the bentonite is too much, the proportion of nutrient components in the fertilizer can be reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency of the bacterial fertilizer is reduced to a certain extent; most preferably, the mass fraction of the bentonite in the microbial fertilizer is 4%.
Wherein the magnetic material is a magnetic powder material which can provide a magnetic field for inhibiting the biological activity of microorganisms; preferably, the magnetic material is one or more of magnetite powder, maghemite powder, iron oxide magnetic material powder, iron manganese permanent magnetic material powder and rare earth permanent magnetic material powder; the preferred magnetic materials either have a low cost, and the addition of the fertilizer does not significantly increase the cost of fertilizer production, or provide rare earth elements that, after application, have a growth promoting effect on the crops, further increasing crop yield.
The microbial agent is various microbial probiotics which have the effects of promoting the growth of crops, improving the soil fertilizer efficiency and increasing the yield and quality of the crops; preferably, the microbial agent comprises one or more of azotobacter vinelandii, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus pumilus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma harzianum and penicillium lilacinum; the optimized microbial agent can effectively promote the growth of crops, improve the soil quality and the soil fertilizer efficiency, and has longer survival time under the conditions of magnetic field intensity and pH value; most preferably, the microbial agent consists of azotobacter vinelandii, bacillus licheniformis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma harzianum and penicillium lilacinum.
Wherein, the pH regulator is a component capable of regulating the pH value of the microbial fertilizer; preferably, the pH regulator is one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride; the preferable pH regulator can not only regulate the pH value of the fertilizer, but also provide nutrient elements and can be used as an effective component of the fertilizer.
The nutrient components are components capable of providing nutrient elements for crop growth and microbial agent survival, and can be added according to the dosage and the proportion of the nutrient components in the existing microbial fertilizer; preferably, the nutrient components comprise organic components, inorganic components and trace elements; the inorganic component comprises one or more of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, urea, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, ammonium thiophosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate; the organic component is a carbon-containing material formed by treating various animal wastes and/or plant residues through physical, chemical and/or biological technologies and eliminating harmful substances in the animal wastes and/or plant residues; the trace elements refer to substances containing various trace nutrient elements required by crop growth and microbial agent survival, and comprise one or more of zinc, iron, copper, boron, molybdenum, nickel, selenium and the like.
Wherein, preferably, the content of nitrogen in the nutrient components is more than or equal to 15 percent, the content of phosphorus is more than or equal to 10 percent, the content of potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent, the content of trace elements is more than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the content of organic matters (calculated on a drying basis) is more than or equal to 25 percent; the optimized nutrient element content composition can meet the nutrient component requirements of most crops, and the prepared microbial fertilizer has wider application range and stronger universality. +
The magnetic field intensity of the microbial fertilizer can act together with a specific pH environment to obviously reduce the metabolism of the microbial agent, so that the consumption of the microbial agent on nutrient components in the storage process can be reduced, the death of the microbial agent can be obviously reduced, and the quality guarantee period of the microbial fertilizer can be obviously prolonged; the production cost of the fertilizer is seriously increased due to the overlarge magnetic field intensity, the excessive magnetic materials and the high performance requirement on the magnetic materials, and the excessively small magnetic field intensity cannot be combined with a specific pH environment to inhibit the metabolism of the microbial agent; preferably, the magnetic field intensity of the microbial fertilizer is 0.02-0.04T; most preferably, the magnetic field strength of the microbial fertilizer is 0.03T.
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial fertilizer with long shelf life, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing bentonite, a magnetic material and a nutrient component according to the proportion of raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a pH regulator into the mixed material, regulating the pH value of the mixed material to 5.5-6.0, then adding a microbial agent, and uniformly mixing;
(3) and granulating, drying and magnetizing the mixed raw materials added with the microbial agent to obtain the microbial fertilizer with long shelf life.
Wherein, preferably, the drying in the step (3) is low-temperature drying, and the temperature is controlled at 30-40 ℃; the drying temperature is too high, so that the death of microorganisms can be caused, the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer is reduced, the temperature is too low, the drying time is long, the production period of the microbial fertilizer is long, and the production cost is increased; most preferably, the drying temperature is 35 ℃.
Wherein, preferably, in the step (3), the water content of the dried microbial fertilizer is controlled to be 12-15%; water is a necessary condition for the survival of microorganisms, and the water content is too low, so that the microorganisms lack water and die in large quantities; the excessive water content can cause the vigorous metabolism of microorganisms, more organic matters are consumed, and the death rate of bacteria in the shelf life is high; most preferably, the water content of the dried microbial fertilizer is 13%; the optimal water content can better prolong the shelf life of the microbial fertilizer, reduce the consumption of organic matters and reduce the production cost.
Preferably, in the step (3), the particle size of the granulated microbial fertilizer is 1.0-3.0 mm; too big particle diameter, the application of fertilizer of being not convenient for, the granulation is also more difficult, and the particle diameter undersize satisfies under the prerequisite of magnetic field intensity after magnetizing, and is higher to magnetic material requirement, simultaneously, smashes the back and is relatively poor to the promotion effect of microorganism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the microbial fertilizer provided by the invention reduces the metabolism of the microbial agent by the combined action of the magnetic field provided by the magnetic material and the specific pH environment, thereby reducing the consumption of the microbial agent on nutrient components in the storage process, reducing the death rate of the microbial agent in the shelf life and obviously prolonging the shelf life of the microbial fertilizer.
2. According to the microbial fertilizer disclosed by the invention, through the expansion effect of bentonite, fertilizer particles are crushed, the concentration of a magnetic material is reduced, and the magnetic field intensity is reduced, so that the inhibition effect on the biological activity of a microbial agent is eliminated, the microbial fertilizer also has the effect of promoting the metabolism of the microbial agent, the biological activity of the microbial agent in soil is enhanced, the beneficial effect is improved, and the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer is obviously improved.
3. The microbial fertilizer disclosed by the invention further improves the inhibition effect on the activity of microorganisms by controlling the water content and cooperating with the magnetic field and the specific pH value environment, and prolongs the shelf life of the microbial fertilizer without obviously improving the production cost.
4. The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer is simple and reliable, has mature technology, is suitable for large-scale industrial production of the microbial fertilizer, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application of the microbial fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the organic component used in the embodiment of the present invention: crushing 50 parts of crop straws (corn stalks, wheat straws, rice straws and the like), 40 parts of human and animal excreta and 5 parts of rapeseed cakes, uniformly mixing, inoculating zymophyte into the mixed raw materials, and performing composting fermentation for 18 days under the conditions that the humidity is 45% and the temperature is 60 +/-5 ℃; after fermentation, drying the fermented organic raw materials to enable the water content to be 20%, and crushing and sieving the dried organic raw materials to obtain organic components; the organic component can be adjusted according to actual production requirements and production conditions.
The microbial preparation used in the embodiment of the invention is a live bacterial preparation which is prepared by processing fermentation liquor for adsorbing thalli by using a porous substance as an adsorbent after industrial production and propagation.
Example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing 4kg of bentonite, 2kg of magnetite powder, 45kg of organic components, 50kg of inorganic components (10kg of ammonium nitrate, 20kg of calcium superphosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate and 10kg of monopotassium phosphate) and 0.2kg of trace elements to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a pH regulator into the mixed material, regulating the pH value of the mixed material to 5.8, adding 2kg of microbial agents (0.5kg of brown azotobacter, 0.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 0.5kg of bacillus megaterium and 0.5kg of trichoderma harzianum), and uniformly mixing;
(3) and granulating, drying and magnetizing the mixed raw materials added with the microbial agent to obtain the microbial fertilizer with the particle size of 2.0mm, the magnetic field intensity of 0.03T and the water content of 13%.
Example 2
(1) Uniformly mixing 2kg of bentonite, 3kg of maghemite powder as a magnetic material, 50kg of organic components, 40kg of inorganic components (5kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 5kg of urea, 10kg of calcium superphosphate, 10kg of potassium chloride and 10kg of ammonium phosphate sulfate) and 0.1kg of trace elements to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a pH regulator into the mixed material, regulating the pH value of the mixed material to 5.5, then adding 3kg of microbial agents (0.5kg of azotobacter vinelandii, 0.5kg of bacillus licheniformis, 0.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 0.5kg of bacillus megaterium, 0.5kg of bacillus mucilaginosus and 0.5kg of paenibacillus polymyxa) and uniformly mixing;
(3) and granulating, drying and magnetizing the mixed raw materials added with the microbial agent to obtain the microbial fertilizer with the particle size of 3.0mm, the magnetic field intensity of 0.05T and the water content of 15%.
Example 3
(1) Uniformly mixing 6kg of bentonite, 1kg of rare earth permanent magnet material powder, 40kg of organic components, 50kg of inorganic components (10kg of urea, 10kg of heavy calcium superphosphate, 10kg of potassium chloride, 10kg of ammonium sulfate phosphate and 10kg of potassium nitrate) and 0.3kg of trace elements to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a pH regulator into the mixed material, regulating the pH value of the mixed material to 6.0, adding 1kg of microbial agent (0.5kg of azotobacter vinelandii and 0.5kg of bacillus megaterium), and uniformly mixing;
(3) and granulating, drying and magnetizing the mixed raw materials added with the microbial agent to obtain the microbial fertilizer with the particle size of 1.0mm, the magnetic field intensity of 0.01T and the water content of 12%.
Example 4
(1) Uniformly mixing 40kg of bentonite, 2kg of magnetite powder, 45kg of organic components, 50kg of inorganic components (10kg of ammonium nitrate, 20kg of calcium superphosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate and 10kg of monopotassium phosphate) and 0.2kg of trace elements to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a pH regulator into the mixed material, regulating the pH value of the mixed material to 5.8, adding 2kg of microbial agents (0.5kg of brown azotobacter, 0.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 0.5kg of bacillus megaterium and 0.5kg of trichoderma harzianum), and uniformly mixing;
(3) and granulating, drying and magnetizing the mixed raw materials added with the microbial agent to obtain the microbial fertilizer with the particle size of 2.0mm, the magnetic field intensity of 0.03T and the water content of 20%.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, but it was different from example 1 in that the magnetization treatment was not performed and the microbial fertilizer had no magnetism.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, but it was different from example 1 in that the magnetic field strength of the microbial fertilizer after the magnetization treatment was 0.008T.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, but it was different from example 1 in that the magnetic field strength of the microbial fertilizer after the magnetization treatment was 0.08T.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, but it was different from example 1 in that the magnetic material powder was not added.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, except that in step (2), the pH of the mixed material was adjusted to 6.5, which is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, except that in step (2), the pH of the mixed material was adjusted to 4.5, which is the difference from example 1.
Comparative example 7
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, but it was different from example 1 in that the amount of bentonite added was 1 kg.
Comparative example 8
Comparative example 1 the microbial fertilizer was prepared by the same preparation method as in example 1, but different from example 1 in that kaolin was used instead of bentonite.
Experimental example 1:
comparative example 9: the compound organic microbial fertilizer is prepared by the method in the patent publication No. CN103232272B example 1.
The microbial fertilizers in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were tested for effective viable count (single species) according to storage time (10 days, 60 days, 120 days, half year, 1 year under conditions of normal temperature and humidity of 45% and shading), and the test results were as follows:
according to the detection results of the single effective viable count in the microbial fertilizer at different storage times, the microbial fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention has an obvious inhibition effect on microorganisms under the coordination of the magnetic field intensity in the microbial fertilizer and a specific pH value environment under the same storage condition, the reduction amount of the single viable count is obviously lower, and the viable count of the azotobacter vinelandii is still more than 0.20 x 10 after one year of storage8CFU/g, meets the execution standard NY/T798 published by the national Ministry of agriculture2015, the shelf life of the microbial bacterial fertilizer in the embodiments 1-4 of the present invention is about 1 year. Compared example 1 is not magnetized, and compared example 4 is not added with magnetic materials, the obtained microbial fertilizer has no magnetism and can not inhibit the activity of microorganisms, so that the death rate of the microorganisms in the storage process is obviously increased, the viable count of azotobacter vinelandii is reduced to a lower level only by half a year of storage, and the viable count of azotobacter vinndii can not meet the national qualified standard after one year of storage, so the effective period is obviously shortened; the magnetic field intensity of the magnetized microbial bacterial manure in the comparative example 2 is lower than the range of the invention, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetized microbial bacterial manure in the comparative example 3 is higher than the range of the invention, so that the microbial manure cannot be matched with a specific pH value environment, the inhibition effect on the microbial activity is obviously reduced, the death rate of the microbes in the storage process is obviously increased, the viable count of azotobacter vinelandii is reduced to a lower level only by half a year of storage, and the viable count of azotobacter vinelandii cannot meet the national qualified standard after one year of storage, so the effective period is obviously shortened; the pH value of the microbial bacterial manure in the comparative examples 5 and 6 is not in the specified range of the invention, so that the microbial bacterial manure cannot be matched with a specific magnetic field intensity, the inhibition effect on the activity of microorganisms is obviously reduced, the death rate of the microorganisms in the storage process is obviously increased, the viable count of azotobacter vinelandii is reduced to a lower level only by half a year of storage, and the viable count of azotobacter vinndii cannot meet the national qualified standard after one year of storage, so the effective period is obviously shortened; although the addition amount of the bentonite is reduced in comparative example 7, and the bentonite is replaced by the kaolin in comparative example 8, the coordination effect of the magnetic field intensity and the specific pH value environment in the microbial fertilizer is not influenced, the inhibition effect on the microorganisms is remarkable, the death rate of the microorganisms is about the same as that of example 1, and the number of the viable bacteria of the azotobacter vinelandii is still more than 0.2 x 10 after the microorganisms are stored for one year8CFU/g, meets the requirement of the execution standard NY/T798-2015 published by the national Ministry of agriculture on the viable count of a single microbial inoculum in the microbial compound fertilizer.
Experimental example 2
The microbial fertilizers in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-9 and the blank example (applying conventional fertilizers, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea are 1: 1) are used for planting corn (red 212), wherein the production date is the same, the storage time is about half a year, and the storage time is within the guarantee period; in the same field, applying base fertilizer and field planting corn seedlings by the same method, wherein the corn seedlings belong to the same batch of seeds and are obtained by seedling culture by the same method, the corn seedlings are randomly selected for field planting in the field planting process, in the management process after the field planting, the corns are divided into one group according to 400 strains, the group is divided into 14 groups, and the other management methods and the dosage of the additional fertilizer are completely the same except that the first additional fertilizer and the second additional fertilizer are applied by different microbial fertilizers; the average yield of the harvested single corn (dry weight, 20 corns randomly selected for average statistics) and the total yield of 400 strains (dry weight) were finally counted as follows:
| serial number | Single corn yield (g) | Total yield of 400 strains (kg) |
| Example 1 | 285 | 110.5 |
| Example 2 | 281 | 109.7 |
| Example 3 | 279 | 110.2 |
| Example 4 | 284 | 107.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 242 | 95.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 251 | 96.7 |
| Comparative example 3 | 234 | 93.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 243 | 94.2 |
| Comparative example 5 | 247 | 96.2 |
| Comparative example 6 | 251 | 96.9 |
| Comparative example 7 | 262 | 102.4 |
| Comparative example 8 | 260 | 99.8 |
| Comparative example 9 | 252 | 95.7 |
| Blank example | 229 | 90.8 |
Statistics on the yield results of corns planted by applying the microbial fertilizer shows that the microbial fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention has more viable bacteria and less organic matter loss, and the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer is obviously increased under the promotion effect of the magnetic field on the microbial agent after application, so that the single yield and the total yield of the corns planted in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention are obviously higher than those of the existing microbial fertilizer (comparative example 9) and common fertilizer (blank example). Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the comparative example 1 is not subjected to magnetizing treatment, and the comparative example 4 is not added with a magnetic material, so that the obtained microbial fertilizer has no magnetism, namely, the activity of microorganisms cannot be inhibited, so that the number of viable bacteria in the microbial fertilizer is less, and meanwhile, the magnetic field after application cannot promote the microbial agent, so that the single yield and the total yield of the corn obtained by planting are obviously lower than those of the example 1 and are not greatly different from those of the prior microbial fertilizer (the comparative example 9); the magnetic field intensity of the microbial bacterial manure after being magnetized in the comparative example 2 is lower than the range of the invention, the magnetic field intensity of the microbial bacterial manure after being magnetized in the comparative example 3 is higher than the range of the invention, the microbial bacterial manure can not be matched with a specific pH value environment, the inhibition effect on the microbial activity is obviously reduced, the number of the viable bacteria of the microbial bacterial manure is obviously reduced, although the magnetic field has a certain promotion effect on the microbial bacterial agent after being applied, the number of the viable bacteria is less, and the comparative example 3 can cause the reduced magnetic field intensity to be matched with the specific pH value environment instead in a period of time after being applied, the metabolism of the microorganisms is inhibited, and the fertilizer effect of the microbial bacterial manure is reduced, therefore, the single yield and the total yield of the corns planted in the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 are still obviously lower than the example 1, but the comparative example 2 is slightly higher than the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 4, comparative example 3 is lower than comparative examples 1 and 4; the pH value of the microbial bacterial manure in the comparative examples 5 and 6 is not in the specified range of the invention, so that the microbial bacterial manure cannot be matched with a specific magnetic field intensity, the inhibition effect on the microbial activity is obviously reduced, the number of the viable bacteria of the microbial bacterial manure is obviously reduced, although the magnetic field has a certain promotion effect on the microbial bacterial manure after application, the number of the viable bacteria is small, the single yield and the total yield of the planted corn are still obviously lower than those of the corn in the example 1 and are slightly higher than those of the corn in the comparative examples 1 and 4; comparative example 7 reduces the addition of bentonite, comparative example 8 replaces bentonite with kaolin, although the cooperation of the magnetic field strength in the microbial fertilizer and the specific pH environment is not affected, the inhibition effect on microorganisms is remarkable, the number of viable bacteria in the microbial fertilizer is about the same as that in example 1, but the magnetic field strength cannot be reduced at the first time after the fertilizer is applied, so that the growth of the microorganisms is promoted, the fertilizer effect of the microbial fertilizer is affected, and the single yield and the total yield of the planted corn are lower than those in example 1 and higher than those in comparative examples 1-6; comparative example 9 belongs to the existing microbial fertilizer, the number of viable microorganisms is small, and no magnetic field is used for promoting the growth of the microorganisms, so that the single yield and the total yield of the corn obtained by planting are obviously lower than those of example 1.
Claims (10)
1. The microbial fertilizer is characterized by being mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 2-6% of bentonite, 1-3% of magnetic material, 1-3% of microbial agent, 0.1-2% of pH regulator and the balance of nutrient components, wherein the total amount is 100%; the pH value of the microbial fertilizer is 5.5-6.0; the microbial fertilizer is a granular fertilizer prepared by mixing and granulating raw materials; the magnetic field intensity of the microbial fertilizer is 0.01-0.05T.
2. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic material is one or more of magnetite powder, maghemite powder, iron oxide magnetic material powder, iron manganese permanent magnetic material powder and rare earth permanent magnetic material powder.
3. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent comprises one or more of azotobacter vinelandii, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus pumilus, paenibacillus mucilaginosus, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma harzianum and penicillium lilacinum.
4. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient components comprise organic components, inorganic components and trace elements.
5. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the nutrient component contains nitrogen not less than 15%, phosphorus not less than 10%, potassium not less than 5%, trace elements not less than 0.1%, and organic matter not less than 25% (on a drying basis).
6. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the pH regulator is one or more of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride.
7. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field strength of the microbial fertilizer is 0.02-0.04T.
8. A method for preparing a microbial fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing bentonite, a magnetic material and a nutrient component according to the proportion of raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a pH regulator into the mixed material, regulating the pH value of the mixed material to 5.5-6.0, then adding a microbial agent, and uniformly mixing;
(3) and granulating, drying and magnetizing the mixed raw materials added with the microbial agent to obtain the microbial fertilizer with long shelf life.
9. The production method according to claim 8, wherein the drying temperature in the step (3) is controlled to 30 to 40 ℃.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the water content of the microbial fertilizer dried in the step (3) is controlled to 12-15%.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111070417.1A CN113735654A (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2021-09-13 | Microbial fertilizer with long shelf life and preparation method thereof |
| CN202211052956.7A CN115368182A (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2022-08-30 | Microbial fertilizer with long shelf life and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117886643A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2024-04-16 | 山东省农业科学院 | Preparation and application method of special high-nutrient high-activity chemical fertilizer biological compound fertilizer for leguminous crops |
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