CN1136843C - 含雌二醇的透皮治疗系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种雌二醇或其药学上可接受的衍生物单独或与孕激素合用的控释透皮治疗系统,其组成包括衬垫物层,连接于该层上、用压力敏感性粘合剂制成的含活性物质贮库,以及可移动的保护层,而压力敏感性粘合剂系包含比例为55-92%wt的松香酯。
Description
本发明涉及用于人或动物皮肤的雌二醇或其药学上可接受的衍生物,单独或与孕激素类如左炔诺孕酮合用,能控制释放的透皮治疗系统。本发明还涉及该系统的使用和制备方法。
在各种疾病的治疗中,透皮治疗系统(TTS)已被引入市场。用于更年期综合征以及目前有时用于骨质疏松症的治疗剂雌激素活性物质17-β-雌二醇的TTS可从商店购得,并显示出良好的治疗效果。
左炔诺孕酮是一种合成的孕激素衍生物,主要与口服有效的雌激素合在一起用作避孕剂。在这样的制剂中,孕激素(包括左炔诺孕酮)通过合适的子宫前驱给药法,具有产生尽可能短和快的“生理性”撤退出血的作用。还有线索表明,添加孕激素对子宫内膜肿瘤的危险性具有保护作用。
由于这一理由,对于绝经后综合征的指征使用周期性治疗是合适的,即使用由雌激素(如雌二醇)和孕激素(如左炔诺孕酮)暂时性固定配置物。将两种活性物质一起合在一种每天只用一次或每周使用1-2次的整体型透皮治疗系统是特别令人感兴趣的。左炔诺孕酮因其高效和皮肤通透性而极适宜于这种系统。
文献描述了左炔诺孕酮的透皮转运实验系统(Friend et.al.,J.Controlled Release 7,24 3-250(1988))。但是,按此估测,用足够小的系统面积要成功地透皮治疗需要渗透改善剂(增强剂),例如短链脂肪酸的烷基酯(Friend et.al.,J.Controlled Release 9,p.33-40(1989))。
现已公开了众多雌激素和孕激素透皮给药装置。Nakagawa等(EP-A 0 483 370)用苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物、吸湿性聚合物区域结构和增强剂(及止痒剂)克罗米通,得到单纯雌二醇的基质型透皮治疗剂。另一构思是将雌二醇和增强剂(乙醇)同时应用于一种膜控制贮库型系统中(Campbell et al.,US-PS 4 379 454)。这也可用于包含孕激素炔诺孕酮乙酸酯的合并给药形式(Frankhauser &Schenkel,DE 3 810 896)。
然而,用于释放雌二醇和/或孕激素类的透皮治疗系统具有如下弊端:它们含有乙醇或显示出活性物质在作用时程中重结晶出来的潜在危险。
从DE-OS 32 05 258和EP 0 285 563获知以贴剂型同时投予雌二醇和乙醇。但是,这种贴剂的生产耗资很多,同时施用后不舒适,因为失去柔韧性。
EP 0 285 563描述了雌激素类和孕激素类合并使用的透皮治疗系统。贮库中含有活性物质制剂,可任选地含有膜,以及乙醇作为透皮吸收改善剂。因为活性物质的释放主要通过膜控制,该透皮治疗系统完全不同于按本发明所述的含活性物质贴剂。所述出版物中所述的贴剂中,粘合剂只具有将贴剂固定在皮肤上的作用。它可能对活性物质的释放起作用这一事实不是它的主要作用,而只是一种可能甚至是不合需要的副作用。它是一种所谓的“袋状贴剂”,因为活性物质制剂存在于袋中,该袋由不可渗透的衬垫物层和具有粘合剂层的膜组成。这种复杂结构的结果使这种贴剂的生产耗资很大,因为各成分必须分别生产,然后再另外加一道工序将各成分合起来形成贴剂。
EP 0 275 716描述了一种双层透皮治疗系统—与本发明的单层系统形成对照——使用于同时投予溶于或以微粒分散于聚合物层的—种或几种雌激素。除活性物质外,压力敏感的粘合剂层包括改善透皮吸收的物质。聚合物和压力敏感的粘合剂层可由聚丙烯酸酯、聚硅氧烷或聚异丁烯组成。
EP 0 072 251描述了一种柔韧的吸液医用绷带。附着于柔韧的衬垫层的基层是由亲水性基质及液相组成,亲水性基质以亲水性高分子多糖类和/或聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和其他聚合物为基础,液相以碳水化合物、蛋白质、多元醇和不同的活性物质、在其它物质中的激素的溶液或乳液为基础。本发明的主要特征是吸湿性粘合剂。
EP 0 328 806描述了无膜透皮治疗系统,其基质由一种聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂、一种溶剂、一种渗透增强剂和雌激素,它们的衍生物和结合物组成。
WO 87/07138描述了一种雌二醇贴剂,其基本结构为衬垫物、含活性物质的基质和复盖着可移动保护层的压力敏感性粘合剂。基质和压力敏感性粘合层是用匀浆化、脱气、涂层、干燥和分离等技术上很昂贵的操作工艺进行制备的。按一个实施方案所述,衬垫物层必须涂以压力敏感性粘合剂,导致外加的操作。系由各部分在一个单独的步骤中相结合起来而成的。由于这个原因,此贴剂的制备很费钱且很复杂。
US-PS 4 624 665描述了包括在贮存为内将活性物质包含于微型胶囊的系统。贮存库为包埋在衬垫物层和膜之间。该系统的外缘有压力敏感的粘合剂。此系统的结构和制备均非常复杂,因为活性物质必须先经微囊包裹,再均匀地分布在液相中,并以外加的加工步骤将液相包埋在衬垫物层和膜之间。此外,此系统必须有粘合边并复盖着保护层。
此外,EP 0 186 019描述了一种活性物质贴剂,其中,将遇水可膨胀的聚合物加到橡胶/粘合树脂片中,而雌二醇可从其中释放出来。然而这样就产生了雌二醇从这些活性物质贴剂中的释放太慢的问题,不能满足治疗的需要。
DE-OS 20 06 969描述了一种显示全身性作用的贴剂或压力敏感性粘合敷料,它含有掺入至粘合成分或粘合膜的避孕物质。此出版物揭示粘合剂可能为一种丙烯酸酯。
DE-OS 39 33 460描述了一种含雌激素的活性物质贴剂,其基本结构为含至少一种丙烯酸衍生物或含与遇水可膨胀性物质合用的甲基丙烯酸的均聚物和/或共聚物。
然而,其所产生的结果是含有部分或完全溶解形式活性物质的压力敏感性粘合性透皮治疗基质系统存在着活性物质在作用过程中重结晶出来的潜在危险。因此,活性物质释放减少,含雌二醇的贴剂不再满足治疗的需要。
按现有技术状态的系统的另一缺点是使用增强剂,这样从根本上导致不希望产生的外加皮肤疾患,包括刺激的危险。另外的弊端在于这些系统昂贵的结构(几种含活性物质层的使用,控制膜的使用)通常使终产品不能被使用者所接受。
因此,本发明的目的是避免上述弊端,提供稳定的即不致重结晶的含雌激素贴剂或透皮治疗系统,它的释放性能在贮备过程中不改变,其中结构设计得尽可能薄,并且在治疗应用中,除活性物质雌二醇和孕激素外,不用影响皮肤的物质(增强剂)处理皮肤。
最惊人的是,本目的是因含雌激素压力敏感性粘合剂主要由松香酯组成这一事实而达到的。
在这一点上,有益的是将苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物和氢化树脂酸或其衍生物再加入活性层,此活性层系由治疗需要量的活性物质雌二醇和左炔诺孕酮所组成。
两种活性成分的合用,苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物用作粘合成分、氢化树脂酸及其衍生物用作增粘物质,不仅产生粘合性和粘结性好的橡胶粘合剂,而且提供极好的生物药剂学性质,特别是皮肤耐受性和渗透能力良好,且避免活性物质的重结晶。
因此,本发明涉及雌二醇或其药学上可接受的衍生物单独或与孕激素合用的控释透皮治疗系统,其组成包括一种衬垫物层,连接于该层上用压力敏感性粘合剂制成的含活性物质贮库,以及可移动的保护层,而压力敏感性粘合剂系由粘香酯和非活性成分所组成。
松香酯的例子包括诸如甲酯、甘油酯、季戊四醇酯、用马来酸改性的季戊四醇酯、用马来酸改性的甘油酯和三甘醇酯。松香酯在含雌二醇压力敏感性粘合剂中的比例为55~92%-wt,较佳为60~90%-wt,最佳为70~88%-wt。此外,压力敏感性粘合剂可包含氢化松香酯。特别好的松香酯包括氢化松香的三甘醇酯、甘油酯和季戊四醇酯。
按另一实施方案,含雌二醇压力敏感性粘合片还可包含选自如下物质的聚合物:苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素衍生物和基于丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸衍生物的聚合物。这些聚合物在含雌二醇粘合片中所含浓度为10~45%-wt,较佳为15~33%-wt。
含雌二醇贴剂的贮库,其中不发生重结晶,包含雌二醇或其药学上可接受的衍生物单独或与孕激素合用,总浓度2-15%-wt,即摩尔比1∶1~1∶10。
但是,活性层中雌二醇的浓度在0.2%-wt和2%-wt之间,较佳为在0.7%-wt和1.4%-wt之间。在优选实施例中,活性层中左炔诺孕酮的浓度在0.1%-wt和1.6%-wt之间。透皮治疗系统可包含一种或几种活性物质,左炔诺孕酮和雌二醇,部分是在悬浮液中。
含雌二醇的贮库可包括抗衰老剂、增塑剂、抗氧剂和吸收改善剂之中的至少一种成分。合适的增塑剂是本领域金属人员知道的,例如在DE 3743949中描述的那些。通常,在含雌二醇贮库中增塑剂的比例是0~5%-wt。
此外,含活性物质贮库包含浓度为0~1%-wt的抗衰老剂。这些是本领域技术人员已知的,在例如DE 3743946中有描述。
含雌二醇贮库可从溶液或从熔融物制成。
在贮库不能显示足够的对皮肤的自身粘结性时,可提供压力敏感性粘合层或用压力敏感性粘合边。这确保了透皮贴剂在整个使用时期粘合在皮肤上。
含雌二醇的透皮贴剂的特别好的结构是基质系统,其中,如人们通常知道的那样,基质控制活性物质释放,这种释放遵守Higuchi的定律。然而并不排除在特殊情况下可能需要膜系统的可能性。这种情况下,控制活性物质释放的膜位于贮库和压力敏感性粘合层之间。
透皮贴剂的厚度数据治疗需要而定,因而可改变,通常在0.03~0.4mm范围内。
此外,较佳的应用形式是整体式基质型透皮治疗系统,它由基本上不透过活性物质的衬垫层、真正的活性基质层(含本发明的活性物质和非活性成份)和可移动性保护层所组成。
实施例表明,这些系统虽然比现有技术的系统结构简单、制备费用低,但其两种活性物质均有改进的、更恒定的渗透特性。
令人惊奇的是,其结果,这种主要由亲脂性和较低扩散性聚合物和树脂组成的制剂以相对较低的费用产生用现有技术系统不能得到的人血中浓度。
至今,橡胶粘合剂被认为较不适合雌二醇释放到皮肤。例如,EP 0186019描述了使用橡胶粘合剂的主意(此案中使用遇水可膨胀性物质),这与EP 0421454相反(第2页第54行)在这些扩散性低和只轻度溶解的聚合物的情况下,无足够的雌二醇释放。
按本发明所主要使用两种物质,苯乙烯—异戊二烯嵌段共聚物和氧化树脂酸及它们的衍生物,作为压力敏感性粘合贴剂的经典基础物质已被长期成功地使用,它们有好的耐受性。术语“氢化树脂酸”表示从天然产物“松香”衍生而来的化合物。松香首先以化学改性的形式作为天然树脂酸混合物广泛用于消费品、化妆品、食品包装、口香糖等。它是原产品松香脂蒸去松节油后留下的树脂状残余物,松香脂主要产自亚热带——地中海气候带的不同种松树。
粗产品是脆的树脂块,在约73~80℃时软化,密度约1.07g/ml。为用于透皮治疗系统的目的而进行的松香改性,通过氢化作用使其稳定化不受氧的影响,通过酯化改进对碱的稳定性。如果需要的话,氢化和衍生使该物质更适于所要达到的目的。按本发明,可以用于此目的重要的酯包括诸如皮肤能很好耐受的氢化松香的甘油酯、季戊四醇酯、甲酯和其他衍生物。
合成的橡胶聚合物在制备透皮治疗系统和伤口敷料上起着重要作用。它们的优点在于透皮治疗系统的机械性能明显改善这—事实。在这方面,苯乙烯—异戊二烯—苯乙烯嵌段共聚物证明是特别适合的。将聚合物链分裂成仍易变的长链聚异戊二烯单元的中等块和两个聚苯乙烯末端作为“锚位”,在基质中形成一个三维—网格,这确保基本恒定的几何构型,甚至在贮存时亦然。在这一点上,不确定什么分子量或苯乙烯区域和聚异戊二烯区域之间的比例真正存在。相反,调整正确的粘合性和粘结力是重要的因素。例如,树脂比例的增加导致与皮肤的粘合性改善,而且基质的稠度较软。一般来说,嵌段共聚物的比例共计约三分之一,活性物质加入后留下的是生物相容性树脂衍生物。
尽管透皮治疗系统单层结构因其简单功能而显示优越性,但是按照本发明很可能提供这样一种基质系统,例如,带有朝向皮肤的薄的附加粘合层。为了在衬垫物层上获得改善的锚合效应的目的,还可层压一层薄的压力敏感性粘合层。这种附加层可由橡胶—树脂混合物组成,还可由诸如含丙烯酸酯的共聚物组成。即使在层压前不加上活性物质,它们也可使用,因为在完全层压品短期中间贮存过程中发生扩散补偿。
本发明将由下面的实施例作更详细的阐述。
实施例1
73.1g氢化松香的三甘醇酯
(氢化松香酯3E,Hercules制)
9.8g氢化松香的甘油酯
(氢化松香酯10E,Hercules制)于100℃经捏和5分钟而混合,然后加2.5g雌二醇,继续捏和30分钟。加热至140℃后,分批加入14.6g乙基纤维素N50NF(Hercules制),然后继续捏和2.5小时。
在热熔涂层线(冲模涂层系统)上,将这样得到的含活性物质粘合块涂层到可移动保护层上(Hostaphan RN 100,涂在有聚硅氧烷(Kalle制)的一面上),涂层方式为使含活性物质的贮库单位面积质量达80g/m2。在此贮库上层压不透性衬垫物层(聚酯片,厚度15μm)。接着,冲压出16cm2的活性物质粘剂。
实施例2
按实施例1制备,采用增塑剂,与两种氢化松香酯3E和10E一起捏和。
实施例3~9
按实施例1制备,但原产品及其量如表1(配方)所示。分析的操作方法
按USP X X II所述旋转瓶法,在0.9%食盐溶液中,于37℃,测定16cm2的透皮贴剂的活性物质释放量。
为测量小鼠皮肤渗透性,将无毛小鼠的皮肤放在Franz盒中,将面积为2.54cm2的含雌二醇贴剂粘在皮肤上,于37℃下测量活性物质释放(受体介质:0.9%盐水)。文献:Umesh V.Banakar Pharma-ceutical dissolution testing第一版,1991年。
重结晶试验系对着光用目视进行。
结果列于表2。
表1配方(以g表示)
实施例 | 乙基纤维素N50NF | 氢化松香酯3E 10E | 增塑剂Miglyol 812 | 雌二醇 | 抗氧剂 | |
123456789 | 14.614.310.17.714.314.314.314.314.3 | 73.171.675.477.571.671.671.671.671.6 | 9.89.610.010.39.59.59.59.69.5* | ---2.02.02.02.02.02.02.0棕榈酸异丙酯2.0 | 2.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.52.5 | 0.1BHT0.1BHA0.1BHT∶BHA=1∶1 |
BHT=丁基羟基甲苯
BHA=丁基羟基茴香醚
*=Foral 105(氢化松香的季戊四醇酯)
表2.分析结果
实施例 | 雌二醇含量μg/16cm2 | 体外释放μg/16cm2·24h | 小鼠皮肤渗透μg/16cm2·24h | 重结晶 |
123456789DE3933460 | 320032003200320032003200320032003200 | 61412407227136246246206862400 | 225300235268228249205232125 | 无无无无无无无无相当多 |
如由DE 3933460比较例所证明的,本表显示经小鼠皮肤的渗透获得相当大的改善。类似地,在本发明的实施例中没有重结晶发生。
实施例10
1.0g 17β-雌二醇
1.3g左炔诺孕酮
60.0g CariflexRTR1107(苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物)、138.0g ForalR85(松香衍生物的热塑性脂树脂)
200.0g汽油(沸程80~100℃)
在室温下,在圆筒柱状玻璃瓶中搅拌至产生均匀的悬浮液,然后在连续涂层线上于100μm厚的硅氧烷化聚酯片上涂层,使涂层厚度达到110g/m2(相当于无溶剂部分)。将涂层分别在40℃、60℃、75℃和125℃干燥3分钟。将12μm厚的聚酯片直接放在干层上,用滚筒压,使无气泡(层压)。用小块软冲头(wad punch)冲压,得到20cm2的透皮系统。
实施例11
本发明的系统的制备
1.5g 17β-雌二醇
1.5g左炔诺孕酮
70.0g苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物
150.0g松香衍生物的热塑性酯树脂
在可加热的捏和机中,在氮气下150℃捏和24小时以内,将以上物质进行熔融和结合。在连续涂层线上,用熔融物以100μm层厚将19μm厚度的聚酯片涂层。这可在热熔涂层机中于140℃下进行,或采用挤压机在80~100℃下进行。接着,将预涂了20g/cm2丙烯酸酯共聚物(DurotakR 280~2516)的150μm厚度的硅化处理聚酯片放在干层上,用滚筒加压力使无气泡(层压)。用小块软冲头冲压,得到20cm2的透皮系统。
Claims (24)
1.用于雌二醇或其药学上可接受的衍生物单独或与孕激素合用时控制释放的含活性物质透皮治疗系统,其组成为衬垫物层,连接于该层上、用压力敏感性粘合剂制成的含活性物质贮库,以及可移动的保护层,其特征在于:压力敏感性粘合剂包含松香酯,其比例为55-92wt%;以及另外的有机聚合物,当唯一的活性物质是雌二醇或其一种药学上可接受的衍生物时,所述有机聚合物为纤维素醚,当活性物质为雌二醇或其一种药学上可接受的衍生物与孕激素合用时,所述有机聚合物为合成橡胶聚合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,所述纤维素醚是乙基纤维素的
3.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,所述孕激素是左炔诺孕酮
4.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中合成橡胶聚合物包括选自苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的聚合物。
5.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中合成橡胶聚合物在活性层的比例为10-45wt%。
6.如权利要求5所述的透皮治疗系统,其中合成橡胶聚合物在活性层的比例为15-33wt%。
7.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中贮库包含雌二醇或其药学上可接受的衍生物单独或与孕激素合用,总浓度为2-15wt%,即摩尔比为1∶1-1∶10。
8.如权利要求3所述的透皮治疗系统,其中活性层中左炔诺孕酮的浓度为0.1-1.6wt%。
9.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中压敏性粘合剂包含比例为60-90wt%的松香酯。
10.如权利要求9所述的透皮治疗系统,其中压敏性粘合剂包含比例为70-88wt%的松香酯。
11.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中松香酯,可任选地为氢化松香酯,选自甲酯、甘油酯、季戊四醇酯、以马来酸改性的季戊四醇酯和以马来酸改性的甘油酯。
12.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中贮库中包含松香或可任选地为氢化松香的三甘醇酯。
13.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中活性层中雌二醇的浓度为0.2-2wt%。
14.如权利要求13所述的透皮治疗系统,其中活性层中雌二醇的浓度为0.7-1.4wt%。
15.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中活性层的厚度为30-300μm。
16.如权利要求15所述的透皮治疗系统,其中活性层的厚度为70-120μm。
17.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中包含一种或几种活性物质,左炔诺孕酮和雌二醇,部分以悬乳液的形式存在。
18.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中压力敏感性粘合剂包括选自乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和纤维素衍生物及以丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸衍生物为基础的聚合物作为附加成分。
19.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中贮库包含抗衰老剂、增塑剂、抗氧剂和吸收改善剂,增塑剂所含浓度为0-5wt%,抗衰老剂所含浓度为0~1wt%。
20.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中压力敏感性粘合剂是溶剂基压力敏感性粘合剂。
21.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中压力敏感性粘合剂是热熔性压力敏感性粘合剂。
22.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中贮库还有附加的压力敏感性粘合层或配有压力敏感性粘合边。
23.如权利要求1所述的透皮治疗系统,其中,在贮库和压力敏感性粘合层之间还包括控制活性物质释放的膜。
24.如前面的权利要求任一条所述透皮治疗系统的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:在升高的温度下捏和松香酯的混合物直至匀化,在溶液温度下掺入活性物质和至少一种聚合物,匀化后用含活性物质的粘合剂给可移动保护层涂层,再层压上衬垫物层。
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