CN1136613A - 憎水纤维及其制成的无纺材料 - Google Patents

憎水纤维及其制成的无纺材料 Download PDF

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CN1136613A
CN1136613A CN96104984A CN96104984A CN1136613A CN 1136613 A CN1136613 A CN 1136613A CN 96104984 A CN96104984 A CN 96104984A CN 96104984 A CN96104984 A CN 96104984A CN 1136613 A CN1136613 A CN 1136613A
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hydrophobic fiber
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伊东秀富
谷口雅彦
辻山义富
胜矢正人
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Abstract

热塑性树脂的憎水纤维，它是在纤维表面附着0.1～0.8wt％的一种包含下列(A)、(B)和(C)组分的纺织油的一种纤维，这种纺织油包括：(A)5～15wt％的至少一种烷基磺酸盐，(B)5～45wt％的至少一种选自于多元醇酯和脂肪酸烷醇胺的化合物，及(C)40～90wt％的至少一种选自二元酸酯和聚乙二醇酯的化合物。

Description

憎水纤维及其制成的无纺材料
本发明提供用于纸尿布和卫生巾等的表面材料的无纺材料及作为该织物原材料且具有优良加工特性的一种憎水性纤维。
含热塑性树脂如聚烯烃树脂和聚酯树脂的合成纤维无纺材料被广泛用于纸尿布和卫生巾等的表面材料。这些表面材料必须具有透水性以将液体快速吸入纸尿布和卫生巾中心的吸收体，并且必须具有憎水性以防止正在吸入的或已吸入的液体在两面发生渗漏。
因为疏水的聚烯烃或聚酯纤维具有难润湿的性能，因此它们的纤维被用于材料的两表面。然而，这些疏水纤维很容易积聚静电并因此很容易沉积在粗梳机的辊筒或导辊上，使得这些纤维加工性能差。为改善其加工性能，常常在纤维表面附着一种抗静电剂，这导致附着抗静电剂后的纤维失去其固有的疏水特性及憎水性而变为亲水的问题。
为满足疏水性或憎水性，以及加工性能或抗静电性能，日本专利申请公开No.3-180580中揭示了一种将包含一种硅氧烷乳液聚合物和十六烷基磷酸钾盐的混合物的表面改性剂附着于纤维表面的方法。然而，该方法不能满足憎水性。
本发明的一个目的是要提供一种改善憎水性和抗静电性以满足实际应用的憎水纤维及其制造的无纺材料。
本发明的发明者们对此进行了深入研究以解决上述问题，并且得到了下面所述的发明。
(1)热塑性树脂的一种憎水纤维，这种纤维表面附着一种包含表面活性剂组合物的纺织油，这种纺织油的特征在于该纺织油包括：(A)5～15wt％的至少一种烷基磺酸盐，(B)5～45wt％的至少一种选自于多元醇酯和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺的化合物，及(C)40～90wt％至少一种选自于二元酸酯和聚乙二醇酯的化合物，
且该纺织油的比例为占纤维重量的0.1～0.8％。
(2)上述(1)中的憎水纤维，其热塑性树脂为一种聚烯烃树脂。
(3)上述(1)或(2)中的憎水纤维，该烷基磺酸盐为其烷基有8～18个碳原子的烷基磺酸与至少一种选自于钠，钾和锂的碱金属的盐。
(4)上述(1)或(2)中的憎水纤维，该多元醇酯为至少一种选自于丙三醇，三羟甲基乙烷，三羟甲基丙烷，季戊四醇，山梨醇，脱水山梨醇和蔗糖，及HLB值为5或5以下的多元醇的酯。
(5)上述(1)或(2)中的憎水纤维，该脂肪酸烷醇酰胺为至少一种8～22个碳的酰基的饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸的烷醇酰胺。
(6)上述(1)或(2)中的憎水纤维，该二元酸酯是至少一种选自于己二酸，癸二酸，间苯二甲酸，对苯二甲酸，琥珀酸和马来酸的二元酸的酯。
(7)上述(1)或(2)的憎水纤维，该聚乙二醇酯是至少一种其烷基为8～18个碳的脂肪酸的单或二元酯，及分子量为200～800的聚乙二醇。
(8)上述1～7中描述的一种纤维制取的无纺材料。
本发明具体描述如下：
作为本发明憎水纤维材料的纤维，可应用的纤维包括聚烯烃树脂如聚乙烯、聚丙烯及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，聚酯树脂如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯及对苯二甲酸-间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的共聚物的纤维或聚丙烯腈树脂纤维，或二种或多种热塑性树脂的复合共轭纤维。在这些纤维中，具有优良的疏水性的聚烯烃纤维可优选使用，因为该纤维具有能满足本发明憎水性和抗静电性的目的的优点。
用于本发明纺织油中的组合(A)包含烷基磺酸盐。作为烷基磺酸盐，可使用其烷基有8～18个碳原子的烷基磺酸与选自于钠，钾和锂的碱金属的一种盐。例如，月桂基磺酸钠，十四烷基磺酸钠，十六烷基磺酸钠和硬脂基磺酸钠可作为其中的例子。
该烷基磺酸盐可以一种化合物或一种混合物的形式使用。
本发明纺织油使用的组分(B)可至少为一种选自于多元醇酯和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺的化合物。每种多元醇酯和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺可为一种化合物或一种混合物。进一步，它可以是多元醇酯和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺的一种混合物。
作为多元醇酯，优选使用的可以是至少一种选自于丙三醇，三羟甲基乙烷，三羟甲基丙烷，季戊四醇，山梨醇。脱水山梨醇和蔗糖，及HLB值为5或5以下的多元醇酯。更优选的是，丙三醇单月桂酸酯，丙三醇单硬脂酸酯，丙三醇三硬脂酸酯，脱水山梨醇单油酸酯和脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯可作为其中的例子。
作为脂肪酸烷醇酰胺，可使用烷醇胺和饱和的或不饱和的其酰基有8～22碳原子的脂肪酸的酰胺。作为烷醇胺，单乙醇胺，二乙醇胺和N-(2-胺乙基)-乙醇胺可作为其中的例子。可最优选使用二乙醇胺。作为脂肪酸，可最优选使用的是饱和的或不饱和的具有12-18个碳原子的脂肪酸如月桂酸，十四烷基酸、棕榈酸，硬脂酸和油酸。
本发明纺织油中使用的组分(C)包括二元酸酯或聚乙二醇酯。每种二元酸酯和聚乙二醇酯可为一种化合物或一种混合物。进一步，它可以是二元酸酯和聚乙二醇酯的混合物。
作为二元酸酯，可优选使用至少一种选自于己二酸，癸二酸，间苯二甲酸，对苯二甲酸，琥珀酸和马来酸的二元酸的酯。最优选使用的是二辛基己二酸酯，二丁氧乙基癸二酸酯和苯二甲酸二辛酯。
作为聚乙二醇酯，可使用聚环氧乙烷与其烷基有8～18个碳原子的脂肪酸的分子量为200～800的聚乙二醇的单或二酯。例如，聚乙二醇(400)单硬脂酸酯，聚乙二醇(300)二硬脂酸酯，聚乙二醇(400)二硬脂酸酯和聚乙二醇(400)单油酸酯可作为其中的例子。最优选的是分子量为200～800的聚乙二醇与其烷基具有8～18个碳原子的脂肪酸的酯。
本发明中使用的纺织油是上述组分(A)、(B)和(C)的一种混合物，对整个组合物的重量来说，重量比为A/B/C＝5～15/5～45/40～90(全部重量为100％)。
当纺织油的每一组分的重量比超出上述公式中的比率的限制，憎水性和抗静电性变得失去平衡且变得难以具有本发明的优点。
如果必要，在纤维纺丝过程可在本发明的纤维中引入几种稳定剂，着色剂和其它的树脂并可对本发明的纤维进行其它处理或添加适当量的添加剂。
在本发明中，包含上述组分的纺织油以0.1～0.8％(重量)的比例，优选为0.2～0.6wt％的纤维重量在纤维表面附着。当涂覆的重量低于0.1wt％，抗静电性能得不到改善。当涂履的重量超出0.8wt％，粗梳加工的加工性能由于不合要求的卷曲性能的降低而降低。
作为在纤维上涂敷纺织油方法，可使用熟知的方法，如在纤维纺丝过程中使用接触辊的方法，在纤维拉伸过程中使用接触辊的方法或纤维卷曲处理后的纤维表面纺织油的喷淋法或附着法。
本发明的无纺材料可通过将上述憎水的纤维制成其基重符合要求的毡及通过利用熟知的方法如针刺法，吸入干燥法或热辊法加工该毡而得到。当该无纺材料用作为纸尿布和卫生巾的表面材料时，优选憎水纤维的单纱细度为1.0～6.0旦，优选无纺材料的基重为8～50g/m2，更优选为10～30g/m2。
当单纱的细度低于1.0旦时，利用粗梳机很难得到均匀的毡。当单纱的细度超出6.0旦时，只能得到具有不合要求的憎水性的粗糙的无纺材料。当无纺材料的基重低于8g/m2时，表面材料太薄而得不到优良的憎水性。当基重超出50g/m2时，尽管可得到想要的憎水性，但在实际应用中表面触感粗糙且价格变得更昂贵。
在上述的无纺材料中，如果必要，其它的纤维可与本发明的憎水纤维以合适的量混合。作为其它的纤维，聚酯纤维，聚酰胺纤维，聚丙烯纤维，聚乙烯纤维，人造纤维，棉，羊毛可作为其中的例子。在无纺材料中，30wt％或更多的本发明的憎水纤维与其它纤维混合。当无纺材料中的憎水纤维的量低于30wt％，想得到必要的憎水性和抗静电性能变得很困难。
本发明将通过下面的实施例进一步阐述，但并不受下面实施例的限制。
实施例中的物理性能按下面的方法测定。
纺织油的附着量：利用-Soxhlet萃取器，短纤维样品10克用甲醇/石油醚＝1/1的混合溶剂在回流条件下萃取3个小时，并去除溶剂以确定纺织油的重量。
憎水性：从无纺布试样上切下15厘米长和宽的试样，并且按照JIS L1092的方法A(一种低水压法)以从上至下的速度10厘米/分钟测定水压阻抗(毫米)。当水压阻抗上升说明憎水性变好。具有50毫米的水压阻抗或50毫米以上的无纺材料可以实用。
抗静电性能：短纤维试样在20℃，相对湿度为65％的条件下通过一粗梳机得到一毡，测定毡上产生的静电电压。当电压为100V或100V以下，该纤维可以实用。
实施例1～7，比较例1-5
将聚丙烯原材料纺成纱线，并通过使用一接触辊在纺丝后的卷取过程中涂敷具有表1中描述的组成的纺织油。卷取加工后，利用一热辊在40℃下将该纱线牵伸至原长的1.5倍。拉伸后的纱线接着在一填充箱中卷曲，干燥并切断以得到2d×38mm的各种短纤维试样。
如此得到的短纤维样品用一辊筒粗梳机以20米/分钟的速度梳理以得到基重为20克/米2的毡。该毡用一附着面积比为24％的压花辊在130℃下加热，无纺布因此而得。
在梳理过程中测定的毡的静电电压和每个样品无纺布的憎水性(水压阻抗)列于表2(实施例1～7)和表3(比较例1-5)。
实施例8
将共轭比为50/50，芯组分为聚丙烯，鞘组分为聚乙烯的鞘/芯型共轭纤维纺成纱线。纺丝后，利用一热辊在110℃下将该纱线拉伸至原长的4.2倍。在拉伸处理过程中，利用一接触辊在纱线表面涂敷表1中描述的4号纺织油。拉伸后的纱线随后在填充箱中卷曲，干燥并切断以得到2d×51mm的短纤维试样。
如此得到的短纤维样品用一辊筒式粗梳机以20米/分钟的速度进行梳理以得到基重为20克/米2的毡。该毡以10米/分钟的速度通过一140℃的吸入式干燥器而得到无纺布。利用实施例1中所示同样方法测定的性能结果列于表2。
                                        表1
     纺织油组分(wt％)No.  1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10    11
 A.   硬脂基磺酸钠 10   10    5   10    5   10   10    2   25   10    10
 B.   丙三醇三硬脂酸酯脱水山梨醇  单月桂酸酯月桂基二乙醇酰胺                35        15   35   33   30         409   10             10   15                   210   21             10        10    5         15
 C.   苯二甲酸二辛醇酯己二酸二辛醇酯聚乙二醇(30)二硬脂酸酯聚乙二醇(400)二硬脂酸酯聚乙二醇(300)单硬脂酸酯 43   38             45             20   18   45    1532   20        20   2042   35                  35   22   43    2038   32             40   3035
                                    表2
    实施例      1     2    3    4    5    6    7    8
纺织油编号附着率(wt％)静电电压(V)憎水性(毫米)      1     2    3    4    5    6    7    40.35  0.43 0.51 0.41 0.30 0.45 0.38 0.48＜50  ＜75 ＜50 ＜50 ＜75 ＜50 ＜50 ＜5077    62   65   70   60   62   72   65
                              表3
    比较例      1       2       3       4       5
纺织油编号附着率(wt)％静电电压(V)憎水性(毫米)      8       9      10      11       40.37    0.41    0.43    0.39    0.05400    ＜50    ＜50    ＜50     300-500                            -40068      18      35      29      70
因为本发明的憎水纤维具有优良的憎水性，当纤维在加工后用于纸尿布和卫生巾两表面的表面材料时，可得到能有效防止液体的表面渗漏的优良产品。该产品进一步具有良好的抗静电性能，这样具有优良加工特性的纤维在加工过程中不会缠绕在粗梳机的辊筒上或导入辊上。

Claims (8)

1.热塑性树脂的一种憎水纤维，它是一种在纤维表面附着一种包含表面活性剂组合物的纺织油的纤维，其特征在于这种纺织油包括：(A)5～15wt％的至少一种烷基磺酸盐，(B)5～45wt％的至少一种选自于多元醇酯和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺的化合物，及(C)40～90wt％的至少一种选自于二元酸酯和聚乙二醇酯的化合物，且纺织油的比率为纤维重量的0.1～0.8％。
2.权利要求1中所述的憎水纤维，该热塑性树脂为一种聚烯烃树脂。
3.权利要求1或2中所述的憎水纤维，该烷基磺酸盐为其烷基有8～18个碳原子的烷基磺酸与至少一种选自钠，钾和锂的碱金属的一种盐。
4.权利要求1或2中所述的憎水纤维，该多元醇酯是至少一种选自丙三醇，三羟甲基乙烷，三羟甲基丙烷，季戊四醇，山梨醇，脱水山梨醇和蔗糖，及HLB值为5或5以下的多元醇的一种酯。
5.权利要求1或2中所述的憎水纤维，脂肪酸烷醇酰胺为至少一种其酰基有8～22个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸的烷醇酰胺。
6.权利要求1或2中所述的憎水性纤维，该二元酸酯为至少一种选自己二酸，癸二酸，间苯二甲酸，对苯二甲酸，琥珀酸和马来酸的二元酸的酯。
7.权利要求1或2中所述的憎水纤维，该聚乙二醇酯是至少一种其烷基有8～18个碳原子的脂肪酸和分子量为200～800的聚乙二醇的单酯或二酯。
8.用权利要求1～7中任一项所述的纤维制取的一种无纺材料。
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CN1104513C (zh) * 1997-09-30 2003-04-02 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 双组分长丝、含双组分长丝的非织造网及其成形方法
CN102884236A (zh) * 2010-04-23 2013-01-16 飞马非织造布有限公司 包括阻隔和抗静电处理的生产无纺织物的方法
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