CN113651951A - 海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇及其制备方法,属于聚醚多元醇合成技术领域。本发明所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇,是以有机多元胺为起始剂,以有机多元胺和磷腈作为复合催化体系,与环氧烷烃开环聚合制得。本发明所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇,其具备优异的自催化特性,用其在海绵制品的发泡过程中大幅降低胺类催化剂用量,有效降低制品VOC含量;本发明同时提供了一种简单易行的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇及其制备方法,属于聚醚多元醇合成技术领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料简称软泡,俗称海绵,主体原料为聚醚多元醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯,加入泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂、催化剂、填料等通过聚合反应发泡制备,主要用于家具垫材、交通工具座椅垫材以及各种软性衬垫层压复合材料,应用范围非常广泛。海绵的传统制备工艺中需要加入一定量的胺类催化剂,而胺类催化剂一般分子量较低且带有强烈的气味,因此无论是海绵的制备过程还是后续制品的使用过程中,由于胺类催化剂的渗透、迁移、挥发等对环境造成影响。因此在海绵的生产过程中客户对如何降低胺类催化剂用量有很高的期望。
中国专利CN202010896580.2中公开了一种种可用于海绵的自催化软泡聚醚多元醇的制备方法,采用多元醇类化合物、端氨基聚醚或叔胺基有机胺中的一种或几种为起始剂,以碱金属或有机胺为催化剂,与环氧烷烃分两个阶段聚合反应,经过精制,得到自催化软泡聚醚多元醇。该聚醚多元醇氨基含量有限,制备方法环节较多、生产效率较低,精制环节会产生大量废渣废水。
中国专利CN 202010294311.9中公开了一种胺类自催化聚醚多元醇的制备方法,该方法使用几种混合化合物作为起始剂,先制备聚醚低聚物,然后以该低聚物为基础聚醚分段合成自催化聚醚多元醇粗聚物,最后通过精制环节制得胺类自催化聚醚多元醇。该聚醚多元醇氨基含量有限,制备方法环节较多、生产效率较低,精制环节会产生大量废渣废水。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供了一种海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇,其具备优异的自催化特性,用其在海绵制品的发泡过程中大幅降低胺类催化剂用量,有效降低制品VOC含量;本发明同时提供了一种简单易行的制备方法。
本发明所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇,是以有机多元胺为起始剂,以有机多元胺和磷腈作为复合催化体系,与环氧烷烃开环聚合制得。
制得的聚醚多元醇的羟值为55-57mgKOH/g。
所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将有机多元胺加入到高压反应釜中,氮气置换,升温至90~110℃,向反应釜内连续加入环氧丙烷进行开环聚合反应。加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa,内压反应2-4h,制得低聚物;
(2)向反应釜内加入低聚物和磷腈催化剂,保持釜内温度100~120℃脱水2-4h,控制反应釜内温度90~110℃,连续向反应釜内加入环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷;加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应2-4h,抽真空至-0.1~-0.09MPa、计时1~2h,脱除残留的环氧烷烃,得到目标聚醚多元醇。
优选的,有机多元胺为脂肪胺类、脂环胺类、醇胺类或酰胺类中的一种或多种。进一步优选为二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、乙二胺或N,N’-二甲基乙二胺。
优选的,步骤(1)中环氧丙烷用量为步骤(1)中环氧丙烷、步骤(2)中环氧丙烷与环氧乙烷质量之和的1.7-12.7%。
优选的,步骤(2)中磷腈催化剂用量为目标聚醚多元醇总质量的0.05-0.1%。
优选的,步骤(2)中环氧乙烷用量为目标聚醚多元醇总质量的5-15%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明通过在分子结构中引入氨基使软泡聚醚多元醇具备了良好的自催化性能,使用磷腈催化剂可与有机多元胺产生协同自催化效应,在制备海绵泡沫时可有效降低胺类催化剂用量,降低海绵制品中的VOC含量;
(2)本发明使用磷腈催化工艺,相比于传统的碱金属工艺,无需精制处理、减少生产环节,不产生废渣和废水,经济效益环保效益十分突出。
具体实施方式
以下结合对比例、实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例中用到的所有原料除特殊说明外,均为市购。
实施例1
室温下在反应釜内加入298g三乙醇胺,氮气置换3次,升温至90℃,连续加入102g环氧丙烷进行开环聚合反应。进料完毕后保持釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应2h。
向反应釜内加入3.06g磷腈催化剂,保持釜内温度110℃脱水2h,控制反应釜内温度100℃,连续向反应釜内加入5414g环氧丙烷和306g环氧乙烷。加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应3h,抽真空至-0.1~0.09MPa、计时2h,脱除残留的环氧烷烃,得到目标聚醚多元醇1,性能测试结果见表1。
实施例2
室温下在反应釜内加入120g乙二胺,氮气置换3次,升温至100℃,连续加入480g环氧丙烷进行开环聚合反应。进料完毕后保持釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应3h。
向反应釜内加入6g磷腈催化剂,保持釜内温度110℃脱水3h,控制反应釜内温度90℃,连续向反应釜内加入4810g环氧丙烷和601g环氧乙烷。加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应2h,抽真空至-0.1~0.09MPa、计时1h,脱除残留的环氧烷烃,得到目标聚醚多元醇2,性能测试结果见表1。
实施例3
室温下在反应釜内加入60g乙二胺、105g二乙醇胺,氮气置换3次,升温至110℃,连续加入740g环氧丙烷进行开环聚合反应。进料完毕后保持釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应4h。
向反应釜内加入4.4g磷腈催化剂,保持釜内温度110℃脱水4h,控制反应釜内温度110℃,连续向反应釜内加入4220g环氧丙烷和885g环氧乙烷。加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应4h,抽真空至-0.1~0.09MPa、计时2h,脱除残留的环氧烷烃,得到目标聚醚多元醇3,性能测试结果见表1。
对比例1
室温下向反应釜内加入149g三乙醇胺、9g氢氧化钾,氮气置换3次,升温至110℃脱水2h。连续向反应釜内加入2451g环氧丙烷和300g环氧乙烷,加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应4h,抽真空至-0.1~0.09MPa、计时1h,脱除残留的环氧烷烃,得到目标聚醚多元醇粗聚物。经过中和、吸附、干燥、过滤等精制环节得到目标聚醚多元醇。
对比例2
常规海绵用聚醚多元醇5631,以甘油为起始剂,通过双金属工艺制备。
将实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的聚醚多元醇进行指标测试,其测试结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-3和对比例1-2的聚醚多元醇性能测试结果
将实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的聚醚多元醇用于制备海绵制品,配方原料组成如表2所示。
表2海绵制品原料组成
原料 | 份数 | 备注 |
聚醚多元醇 | 100 | / |
泡沫稳定剂 | 1.1 | 市售产品,L580 |
A-33 | X | 33%三亚乙烯二胺溶液 |
T-9 | 0.3 | 辛酸亚锡 |
水 | 2.9 | / |
TDI-80 | 45 | 甲苯二异氰酸酯 |
制备方法如下:
将配方中除TDI-80以外的成分按质量配比依次加入容器中,混合均匀后保持物料温度25℃,再加入25℃配方量的TDI-80,用高速搅拌机(转速3000r/min)搅拌5s后倒入敞口模具中发泡,记录泡沫顶端到达容器上沿的时间,测试结果如表3。
表3
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
用时,s | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
A-33用量,g | 0.12 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.5 |
通过实施例1-3与对比例1-2的性能对比可以发现,当保持泡沫发泡速度一致时实施例聚醚可大幅度降低胺类催化剂用量。
Claims (7)
1.一种海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇,其特征在于:以有机多元胺为起始剂,以有机多元胺和磷腈作为复合催化体系,与环氧烷烃开环聚合制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇,其特征在于:聚醚多元醇的羟值为55-57mgKOH/g。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将有机多元胺加入到高压反应釜中,氮气置换,升温至90~110℃,向反应釜内连续加入环氧丙烷进行开环聚合反应。加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa,内压反应2-4h,制得低聚物;
(2)向反应釜内加入低聚物和磷腈催化剂,保持釜内温度100~120℃脱水2-4h,控制反应釜内温度90~110℃,连续向反应釜内加入环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷;加料结束后保持反应釜内压力不低于0.15MPa内压反应2-4h,抽真空至-0.1~-0.09MPa、计时1~2h,脱除残留的环氧烷烃,得到目标聚醚多元醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:有机多元胺为脂肪胺类、脂环胺类、醇胺类或酰胺类中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中环氧丙烷用量为步骤(1)中环氧丙烷、步骤(2)中环氧丙烷与环氧乙烷质量之和的1.7-12.7%。
6.根据权利要求3所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中磷腈催化剂用量为目标聚醚多元醇总质量的0.05-0.1%。
7.根据权利要求3所述的海绵用自催化聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中环氧乙烷用量为目标聚醚多元醇总质量的5-15%。
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