CN113647283A - Biological control method for tetranychidae vegetables - Google Patents
Biological control method for tetranychidae vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647283A CN113647283A CN202111061609.6A CN202111061609A CN113647283A CN 113647283 A CN113647283 A CN 113647283A CN 202111061609 A CN202111061609 A CN 202111061609A CN 113647283 A CN113647283 A CN 113647283A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological control method of tetranychid mites of solanaceous fruit vegetables, which comprises the steps of manufacturing concave cultivation ridges, wherein the ridge width is 60-75cm, the height is 20-25cm, the width of a ridge concave part is 15-20cm, the depth is 8-10cm, and the ridge distance is 80-90 cm; planting Chinese milk vetch in the ridge convex part 25-30 days before the main planting crop is planted; the main planted crops are fixedly planted in the ridge sunken parts; directionally spraying a pepper enzyme diluent on the leaf surfaces of the main planted crops on the same day after the field planting, and spraying for 1 time every 20-30 days; uniformly spreading the neoseiulus pasteurii on the astragalus sinicus leaves after spraying the pepper enzyme diluent for the first time, and releasing 10000 heads of the neoseiulus pasteurii 6000-containing mites per mu at one time; the method can reduce the release amount of the neoseiulus barkeri mite to 1/6-1/4 in the prior art, greatly reduces the production cost, ensures the safety of agricultural production and the quality safety of agricultural products and protects the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological control method of tetranychus urticae koch of solanaceous vegetables, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting.
Background
Tetranychus, spider mite (spider mite), phytophagous mites of Tetranyhidae (Tetranyhidae), which take about 3 weeks from eggs to adults, are one of the major harmful mites that harm vegetables, are extremely impure in feeding properties, and have a wide range of host plants. Mainly harmful to vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, hot peppers and the like. At present, chemical prevention is mainly used for preventing and treating spider mites in production, pesticide is used in a large amount, so that the drug resistance of the spider mites is increased, the dosage is increased blindly by farmers, and a vicious circle that the drug resistance of the spider mites is gradually increased and the dosage of the pesticide is continuously increased is formed. More seriously, the use of chemical pesticides also aggravates environmental pollution and affects human health.
Other methods for preventing infection are also researched, wherein the effect of utilizing Phytoseiulus similis is the best, the most applied Phytoseiulus persimilis is small neobrevicus, but in the prior art, the use amount of the small Phytoseiulus persimilis is large, 6000 heads of Phytoseiulus persimilis are released per mu each time, 4-6 times of Phytoseiulus persimilis are released, the cost is high, the effect is unstable, the phytoseur is difficult to accept, and the popularization difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a biological control method of vegetable spider mites of solanaceous vegetables, which can effectively control the occurrence of pepper, eggplant or tomato spider mites and has small dosage of neoseiulus barkeri and stable effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a biological control method of Tetranychus urticae of solanaceous fruit vegetables comprises making concave cultivation ridges with ridge width of 60-75cm, height of 20-25cm, ridge concave part width of 15-20cm, depth of 8-10cm, and ridge interval of 80-90 cm; planting Chinese milk vetch in the ridge convex part 25-30 days before the main planting crop is planted; the main planted crops are fixedly planted in the ridge sunken parts; directionally spraying a pepper enzyme diluent on the leaf surfaces of the main planted crops on the same day after the field planting, and spraying for 1 time every 20-30 days; after the pepper enzyme diluent is sprayed for the first time, the neoseiulus pasteurii is uniformly spread on the astragalus sinicus leaves, and 10000 heads of neoseiulus pasteurii 6000-doped mites are released once per mu.
The directional spraying of the pepper enzyme diluent adopts directional spraying, only sprays main plant crop leaves, and avoids spraying on astragalus sinicus leaves.
The main planting crop is one of hot pepper, eggplant or tomato.
The Chinese prickly ash enzyme is prepared by mixing brown sugar, Chinese prickly ash and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-4: 10, sealing the mixture in a fermentation device, fermenting, and filtering the fermented product to obtain the fermentation liquor, namely the pepper ferment.
The fermentation temperature is 20-30 ℃.
The pressure in the fermentation device is normal pressure.
The fermentation time is 50-60 days.
The Chinese prickly ash enzyme diluent is a Chinese prickly ash enzyme aqueous solution which is obtained by diluting the Chinese prickly ash enzyme to 150-200 times.
The planting density of the Chinese milk vetch is 1.5-2 ten thousand plants per mu.
The planting density of the main planting crop during field planting is 1800-2600 plants.
Wherein the dosage of the pricklyash peel ferment is 0.20-0.30kg per mu when the pricklyash peel ferment diluent is sprayed each time.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that:
(1) the biological control method of the tetranychus urticae koch of the solanaceous vegetables can effectively reduce the incidence rate of the tetranychus urticae koch, the eggplants or the tomatoes, has the characteristics of no use of pesticides, no environmental pollution, safety to natural enemies and the like, and can enhance the self-regulation capability of a farmland ecosystem.
(2) The biological control method of the tetranychus solanaceous vegetables can reduce the release amount of the neoseiulus barkeri mite to 1/6-1/4 in the prior art, greatly reduces the production cost, and is easy to accept by vegetable growers.
(3) The biological control method of tetranychus urticae of solanaceous vegetables has great significance for realizing green and safe production of vegetables, improving the quality and yield of the vegetables, improving the enthusiasm of farmers for planting the vegetables, increasing the income of the farmers, reducing and controlling the harm of pesticides, ensuring the safety of agricultural production and the quality and safety of agricultural products and protecting the safety of ecological environment.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The cultivation of the tomato in autumn and winter is carried out in a sunlight greenhouse of certain vegetables in Shandong birthday, and the variety is Provence.
Equally dividing the same sunlight greenhouse into 7 parts, isolating the same sunlight greenhouse by using an insect-proof net, and then respectively carrying out the following treatments on each part:
treatment 1: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the ridge concave part width of 15cm and the depth of 8cm, and the ridge distance of 90 cm; planting milk vetch in the ridge convex part 25 days before the fixed planting of the tomatoes, and keeping 1.5 thousands of seedlings per mu; the tomatoes are planted in the sunken parts of the ridges, and 2200 plants per mu; after the tomatoes are planted, 150 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme is directionally sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes on the same day, and 150 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme is directionally sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes every other 20 days, wherein the using amount of the zanthoxylum enzyme per mu is 0.30kg each time; after the pepper enzyme diluent is sprayed for the first time, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on the astragalus sinicus leaves, and 6000 heads of the neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu.
When the Chinese prickly ash enzyme diluent is sprayed, directional spraying is carried out, and the Chinese prickly ash enzyme diluent is prevented from being sprayed on the Chinese milk vetch leaves.
The preparation method of the pepper enzyme comprises the following steps: mixing brown sugar, pepper and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 3: 10, sealing in a fermentation device, fermenting at 30 ℃ and normal pressure for 50 days, and filtering the fermentation product to obtain the fermentation liquor.
And (3) treatment 2: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the ridge concave part width of 15cm and the depth of 8cm, and the ridge distance of 90 cm; planting tomatoes in the concave parts of the ridges; the milk vetch is not sown; after the tomato is planted, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on the tomato leaves, and 6000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu. Tomato planting density was the same as treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the ridge concave part width of 15cm and the depth of 8cm, and the ridge distance of 90 cm; planting tomatoes in the concave parts of the ridges; the milk vetch is not sown; after the tomato is planted, evenly spreading the neoseiulus barkeri on the tomato leaves, releasing 6000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri per mu at intervals of 10 days for 1 time, and continuously releasing for 6 times. Tomato planting density was the same as treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the ridge concave part width of 15cm and the depth of 8cm, and the ridge distance of 90 cm; planting tomatoes in the concave parts of the ridges; the milk vetch is not sown; spraying 150 times of aqueous solution of the pepper enzymes on the leaf surfaces after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, and spraying 150 times of aqueous solution of the pepper enzymes on the leaf surfaces again every 20 days. Tomato planting density was the same as treatment 1. The preparation and the dosage of the zanthoxylum bungeanum enzyme are treated in the same way as 1.
And (4) treatment 5: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the ridge concave part width of 15cm and the depth of 8cm, and the ridge distance of 90 cm; planting milk vetch in the ridge convex part 25 days before the fixed planting of the tomatoes; planting tomatoes in the sunken parts of the ridges, directionally spraying 150 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme on the leaves after the tomatoes are planted, and directionally spraying 150 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme on the leaves every 20 days; does not release neoseiulus barkeri. When the Chinese prickly ash enzyme is sprayed, directional spraying is carried out, and spraying on the Chinese milk vetch leaves is avoided. The planting density of the tomatoes and the astragalus sinicus is the same as that of the treatment 1. The preparation and the dosage of the zanthoxylum bungeanum enzyme are treated in the same way as 1.
And (6) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the ridge concave part width of 15cm and the depth of 8cm, and the ridge distance of 90 cm; planting milk vetch in the ridge convex part 25 days before the fixed planting of the tomatoes; the tomatoes are fixedly planted in the sunken parts of the ridges without spraying pepper enzymes, and the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on the astragalus sinicus leaves after being fixedly planted, and 6000 heads of the neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu. The planting density of the tomatoes and the astragalus sinicus is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (7) treatment: tomatoes are planted on the conventional cultivation ridges, and spider mites are not controlled. The planting density is the same as that of the treatment 1.
The sowing time and the planting time of the treatment 1-7 are the same, and the sowing is carried out in 7-month and 5-day 2019, and the planting is carried out in 8-month and 10-day. And (4) surveying the quantity of tetranychus urticae before harvesting the tomatoes to determine the occurrence degree of tetranychus urticae. The investigation method comprises the following steps: for each treatment, 25 plants were randomly fixed and the amount of adult mites, the amount of nymphs, on the 3 leaves in the base, middle and upper part were investigated.
The grading standard of the occurrence degree of tetranychus harms is as follows:
a is slightly generated: the quantity of tetranychus urticae is less than or equal to 20;
b medium and light: the amount of tetranychus urticae is 21-60;
c, occurs in the middle: the amount of tetranychus urticae is 61-100;
medium weight: the tetranychus urticae amount is 101-150;
e occurs mostly: the quantity of the tetranychus urticae is more than 150.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of the occurrence degree of tetranychus urticae
Example 2
Eggplant cultivation in winter and spring is carried out in a sunlight greenhouse of certain vegetables in Shandong Shouguang, and the variety is a Bulisha tower.
Equally dividing the same sunlight greenhouse into 7 parts, isolating the same sunlight greenhouse by using an insect-proof net, and then respectively carrying out the following treatments on each part:
treatment 1: according to the technical scheme of the application, the method specifically comprises the following steps: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 70cm and the height of 25cm, the ridge concave part width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm, and the ridge distance of 80 cm; planting Chinese milk vetch in the ridge convex part 30 days before the eggplant is planted, and keeping 2 ten thousand seedlings per mu; planting the eggplants in the sunken parts of the ridges, wherein 1800 plants per mu are planted; after the eggplants are planted, 200 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme is directionally sprayed on the leaf surface of the eggplant on the same day, 200 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme is directionally sprayed on the leaf surface of the eggplant again every 30 days, and the using amount of the zanthoxylum enzyme per mu is 0.20kg each time; after the pepper enzyme diluent is sprayed for the first time, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on the astragalus sinicus leaves, and 10000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu.
When the Chinese prickly ash enzyme diluent is sprayed, directional spraying is carried out, and the Chinese prickly ash enzyme diluent is prevented from being sprayed on the Chinese milk vetch leaves.
The Chinese prickly ash enzyme is prepared by mixing brown sugar, Chinese prickly ash and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4: 10, sealing in a fermentation device, fermenting at 20 ℃ and normal pressure for 60 days, and filtering the fermentation product to obtain the fermentation liquor.
And (3) treatment 2: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 70cm and the height of 25cm, the ridge concave part width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm, and the ridge distance of 80 cm; the eggplants are fixedly planted in the ridge sunken parts; the milk vetch is not sown; after the eggplant is planted, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on eggplant leaves, and 10000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu. The planting density of the eggplants is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 70cm and the height of 25cm, the ridge concave part width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm, and the ridge distance of 80 cm; the eggplants are fixedly planted in the ridge sunken parts; the milk vetch is not sown; after the eggplant is planted, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on eggplant leaves, 10000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released every mu, 1 time is separated for 12 days, and 4 times are continuously released. The planting density of the eggplants is the same as that of the eggplants processed in 12019 years, sowed in 7 months and 5 days, and planted in 8 months and 10 days. And (4) surveying the quantity of tetranychus urticae before harvesting the tomatoes to determine the occurrence degree of tetranychus urticae. The investigation method comprises the following steps: for each treatment, 25 plants were randomly fixed and the amount of adult mites, the amount of nymphs, on the 3 leaves in the base, middle and upper part were investigated.
The grading standard of the occurrence degree of tetranychus harms is as follows:
a is slightly generated: the quantity of tetranychus urticae is less than or equal to 20;
b medium and light: the amount of tetranychus urticae is 21-60;
c, occurs in the middle: the amount of tetranychus urticae is 61-100;
medium weight: the tetranychus urticae amount is 101-150;
e occurs mostly: the quantity of the tetranychus urticae is more than 150.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of the occurrence degree of tetranychus urticae
Example 2
Eggplant cultivation in winter and spring is carried out in a sunlight greenhouse of certain vegetables in Shandong Shouguang, and the variety is a Bulisha tower.
Equally dividing the same sunlight greenhouse into 7 parts, isolating the same sunlight greenhouse by using an insect-proof net, and then respectively carrying out the following treatments on each part:
treatment 1: according to the technical scheme of the application, the method specifically comprises the following steps: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 70cm and the height of 25cm, the ridge concave part width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm, and the ridge distance of 80 cm; planting Chinese milk vetch in the ridge convex part 30 days before the eggplant is planted, and keeping 2 ten thousand seedlings per mu; planting the eggplants in the sunken parts of the ridges, wherein 1800 plants per mu are planted; after the eggplants are planted, 200 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme is directionally sprayed on the leaf surface of the eggplant on the same day, 200 times of aqueous solution of the zanthoxylum enzyme is directionally sprayed on the leaf surface of the eggplant again every 30 days, and the using amount of the zanthoxylum enzyme per mu is 0.20kg each time; after the pepper enzyme diluent is sprayed for the first time, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on the astragalus sinicus leaves, and 10000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu.
When the Chinese prickly ash enzyme diluent is sprayed, directional spraying is carried out, and the Chinese prickly ash enzyme diluent is prevented from being sprayed on the Chinese milk vetch leaves.
The Chinese prickly ash enzyme is prepared by mixing brown sugar, Chinese prickly ash and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 4: 10, sealing in a fermentation device, fermenting at 20 ℃ and normal pressure for 60 days, and filtering the fermentation product to obtain the fermentation liquor.
And (3) treatment 2: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 70cm and the height of 25cm, the ridge concave part width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm, and the ridge distance of 80 cm; the eggplants are fixedly planted in the ridge sunken parts; the milk vetch is not sown; after the eggplant is planted, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on eggplant leaves, and 10000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu. The planting density of the eggplants is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 70cm and the height of 25cm, the ridge concave part width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm, and the ridge distance of 80 cm; the eggplants are fixedly planted in the ridge sunken parts; the milk vetch is not sown; after the eggplant is planted, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on eggplant leaves, 10000 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released every mu, 1 time is separated for 12 days, and 4 times are continuously released. The eggplant planting density is the same as that in the treatment 1: 10, sealing in a fermentation device, fermenting at 25 deg.C under normal pressure for 55 days, and filtering the fermented product to obtain the fermentation liquid.
And (3) treatment 2: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 75cm and the height of 22.5cm, the ridge concave part width of 18cm and the depth of 9cm, and the ridge distance of 85 cm; color peppers are fixedly planted in the ridge concave parts; the milk vetch is not sown; after the fixed planting of the color pepper, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on the color pepper leaves, and 7500 heads of the neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu. The planting density of the color peppers is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 75cm and the height of 22.5cm, the ridge concave part width of 18cm and the depth of 9cm, and the ridge distance of 85 cm; color peppers are fixedly planted in the ridge concave parts; the milk vetch is not sown; after the fixed planting of the color pepper, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on color pepper leaves, 7500 heads of neoseiulus barkeri are released each time per mu, 1 time is separated by 10 days, and 5 times is continuously released. The planting density of the color peppers is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 75cm and the height of 22.5cm, the ridge concave part width of 18cm and the depth of 9cm, and the ridge distance of 85 cm; color peppers are fixedly planted in the ridge concave parts; the milk vetch is not sown; and (3) spraying 175 times of aqueous solution of the pepper enzymes on the leaf surfaces after the color peppers are planted, and spraying 175 times of aqueous solution of the pepper enzymes on the leaf surfaces again every 25 days. The planting density of the color peppers is the same as that of the treatment 1. The preparation and the dosage of the zanthoxylum bungeanum enzyme are treated in the same way as 1.
And (4) treatment 5: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 75cm and the height of 22.5cm, the ridge concave part width of 18cm and the depth of 9cm, and the ridge distance of 85 cm; planting milk vetch on the convex part of the ridge 27 days before the fixed planting of the color peppers; the color peppers are planted in the concave parts of the ridges in a field mode, 175 times of aqueous solution of the pepper enzymes is directionally sprayed on the leaves after the color peppers are planted in the field mode, and 175 times of aqueous solution of the pepper enzymes is directionally sprayed on the leaves every 25 days; does not release neoseiulus barkeri. When the Chinese prickly ash enzyme is sprayed, directional spraying is carried out, and spraying on the Chinese milk vetch leaves is avoided. The planting density of the color pepper and the milk vetch is the same as that of the treatment 1. The preparation and the dosage of the zanthoxylum bungeanum enzyme are treated in the same way as 1.
And (6) treatment: making concave cultivation ridges with the ridge width of 75cm and the height of 22.5cm, the ridge concave part width of 18cm and the depth of 9cm, and the ridge distance of 85 cm; planting milk vetch on the convex part of the ridge 27 days before the fixed planting of the color peppers; the color peppers are fixedly planted in the sunken parts of the ridges, pepper enzymes are not sprayed, the neoseiulus barkeri is uniformly spread on the astragalus sinicus leaves after the color peppers are fixedly planted, and 7500 heads of the neoseiulus barkeri are released once per mu. The planting density of the color pepper and the milk vetch is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (7) treatment: color peppers are planted on the conventional cultivation ridges, and spider mites are not prevented and controlled. The planting density is the same as that of the treatment 1.
The sowing time and the planting time for treatments 1-7 were the same. All sowed in 1 day 4 and 15 days 5 and 2020. The amount of tetranychus urticae is investigated before the color pepper is harvested, the occurrence degree of tetranychus urticae is determined, and the investigation method is the same as that in example 1. The grading criteria for the occurrence degree of spider mite damage are the same as in example 1.
The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 statistical table of the occurrence degree of tetranychus urticae
Claims (10)
1. A biological control method for tetranychid mites of solanaceous fruit vegetables is characterized in that concave cultivation ridges are manufactured, the ridge width is 60-75cm, the height is 20-25cm, the width of a ridge concave part is 15-20cm, the depth is 8-10cm, and the ridge distance is 80-90 cm; planting Chinese milk vetch in the ridge convex part 25-30 days before the main planting crop is planted; the main planted crops are fixedly planted in the ridge sunken parts; directionally spraying a pepper enzyme diluent on the leaf surfaces of the main planted crops on the same day after the field planting, and spraying for 1 time every 20-30 days; after the pepper enzyme diluent is sprayed for the first time, the neoseiulus pasteurii is uniformly spread on the astragalus sinicus leaves, and 10000 heads of neoseiulus pasteurii 6000-doped mites are released once per mu.
2. The method for biologically controlling tetranychus urticae koch of claim 1, wherein the directional spraying of the diluted solution of zanthoxylum ferment is carried out by directional spraying, and only the leaves of the main cultivated plant are sprayed and the spraying of the diluted solution of zanthoxylum ferment onto the leaves of the milk vetch is avoided.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the main crop is one of pepper, eggplant or tomato.
4. The biological control method for tetranychid of solanaceous fruit vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the zanthoxylum bungeanum ferment is prepared by mixing brown sugar, zanthoxylum bungeanum and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-4: 10, sealing the mixture in a fermentation device, fermenting, and filtering the fermented product to obtain the fermentation liquor, namely the pepper ferment.
5. The biological control method of tetranychidae of solanaceous vegetables as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fermentation temperature is 20-30 ℃.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the fermentation time is 50-60 days.
7. The biological control method for tetranychus solanaceous vegetable according to claim 1, wherein the diluted solution of zanthoxylum bungeanum ferment is an aqueous solution of zanthoxylum bungeanum ferment diluted to 150-200 times.
8. The biological control method of tetranychus urticae koch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting density of milk vetch is 1.5-2 ten thousand plants per mu.
9. The biological control method for tetranychid of solanaceous fruit vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting density of the main planting crop during field planting is 1800-2600 strains.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of zanthoxylum bungeanum ferment used per mu is 0.20-0.30kg per mu when the zanthoxylum bungeanum ferment diluent is sprayed each time.
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