CN113632285B - 电解液用添加剂 - Google Patents
电解液用添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113632285B CN113632285B CN201980094610.3A CN201980094610A CN113632285B CN 113632285 B CN113632285 B CN 113632285B CN 201980094610 A CN201980094610 A CN 201980094610A CN 113632285 B CN113632285 B CN 113632285B
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- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013186 photoplethysmography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGHUNMFFLAMBJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
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Abstract
包含由式(1)表示的在分子中具有三烷基甲硅烷基的中性化合物的电解液用添加剂可提高电解液的耐电压,也可应用于锂离子二次电池的电解液。[式中,R1相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基,R2相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基,A表示碳数1~10的亚烷基,X表示选自单键、亚甲基和由下述式(2)~(4)表示的任一个连接基中的1种,m表示1~3的整数,n表示0~2的整数,在X为单键、亚甲基、由下述式(2)表示的连接基或由下述式(3)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为2,在X为由下述式(4)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为3。(式(3)中,R3表示碳数1~8的烷基。)]
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电解液用添加剂,更详细地说,涉及包含具有三烷基甲硅烷基的中性分子的电解液用添加剂。
背景技术
近年来,数码相机、智能电话、平板设备等便携电子设备的普及显著,与其相伴,作为这些设备的电源使用的、能够通过充电反复使用的二次电池等蓄电器件的需求大幅地增长,同时其高容量化、高能量密度化的迫切期望越来越不断高涨。
在这些蓄电器件中,一般使用在非质子性的有机溶剂中使离子导电性盐溶解而成的溶液作为电解液。
对于以高电压工作为目标的蓄电器件而言,电解液的耐电压成为决定器件的上限电位的主要因素,在高电压下,将构成电解液的有机溶剂、离子导电性盐暴露于高电压,有时在电极表面使其电分解,需要耐电压性更优异的电解液。
作为提高该电解液的耐电压的技术,报道了在电解液中加入各种添加剂的手法(例如,参照专利文献1~4),从耐电压提高效果、内部电阻上升抑制这样的方面出发,有进一步改进的余地。
另外,离子液体虽然已知耐电压高,但与一般的有机溶剂相比,在低温至常温范围中的离子导电性的方面存在问题,不适于在低温下进行高电压工作的器件。
鉴于这些方面,本申请人已报道了通过将具有含硅磺酸阴离子的化合物添加到现有的电解液中,从而电解液的耐电压提高,通过使用该电解液,从而得到寿命性能良好的二次电池、电容器等蓄电器件(专利文献5)。
但是,专利文献5中记载的具有含硅磺酸阴离子的化合物如果添加到包含LiPF6系的电解质的电解液中,则迅速地与PF6阴离子发生盐交换,有时在使用的电解液溶剂中变换为难溶性的Li盐而析出,因此有时难以应用于锂离子电池的电解液。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2000-123867号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2007-165125号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2010-205870号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2012-038900号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2017-62955号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明鉴于这样的实际情况而完成,目的在于提供可提高电解液的耐电压、也可应用于锂离子二次电池的电解液的新型的电解液用添加剂。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人为了实现上述目的而反复深入研究,结果发现:通过将在分子中具有至少一个三烷基甲硅烷基的规定的中性分子添加到现有的电解液中,或者,作为电解液自身使用,从而耐电压提高,完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供:
1.电解液用添加剂,其包含由式(1)表示的在分子中具有三烷基甲硅烷基的中性化合物,
[化1]
[式中,R1相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基,R2相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基,A表示碳数1~10的亚烷基,X表示选自单键、亚甲基和由下述式(2)~(4)表示的任一个连接基中的1种,m表示1~3的整数,n表示0~2的整数,在X为单键、亚甲基、由下述式(2)表示的连接基或由下述式(3)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为2,在X为由下述式(4)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为3。
[化2]
(式(3)中,R3表示碳数1~8的烷基。)]
2.1的电解液用添加剂,其中,所述m为2或3,所述n为0,
3.1或2的电解液用添加剂,其中,所述R1全部为甲基,
4.1~3中任一项的电解液用添加剂,其中,所述A为碳数2~5的亚烷基,
5.1的电解液用添加剂,其包含由下述式(1A)~(1D)表示的任一个化合物,
[化3]
(式中,Me意指甲基。)
6.1~5中任一项的电解液用添加剂,其为电解液的耐电压提高剂,
7.1~5中任一项的电解液用添加剂,其为电解液用溶剂,
8.电解液,其包含1~7中任一项的电解液用添加剂、有机溶剂和电解质盐,
9.8的电解液,其中,所述有机溶剂包含碳酸酯类,
10.9的电解液,其中,所述有机溶剂包含2种以上的碳酸酯类,
11.电解液,其包含1~7中任一项所述的电解液用添加剂和电解质盐,不含有机溶剂,
12.蓄电器件,其使用8~11中任一项的电解液而构成,
13.蓄电器件,其使用1~7中任一项的电解液用添加剂而构成,
14.12或13的蓄电器件,其为二次电池或双电层电容器,
15.提高电解液的耐电压的方法,其通过将1~7中任一项的电解液用添加剂加入包含溶剂和电解质盐的电解液中以提高电解液的耐电压,
16.由下述式(1B)表示的化合物,
[化4]
(式中,Me意指甲基。)
17.由下述式(1D)表示的化合物:
[化5]
(式中,Me意指甲基。)。
发明的效果
通过将本发明的在分子中具有三烷基甲硅烷基的中性化合物添加到现有的电解液中,或者作为电解液使用,从而能够提高耐电压。
该化合物由于不是离子性,因此不会与电解质发生盐交换而析出,即使是金属离子电池系也能够没有问题地使用。
包括包含本发明的电解液用添加剂的电解液而构成的蓄电器件的工作上限电压上升,能够实现高电压化、高容量密度化。
附图说明
图1为合成例1中得到的化合物(1B)的1H-NMR谱图。
图2为合成例2中得到的化合物(1D)的1H-NMR谱图。
图3为表示实施例1~4和比较例1的循环伏安法测定结果(氧化侧)的图。
图4为表示实施例2~4和比较例1的循环伏安法测定结果(还原侧)的图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明更详细地说明。
本发明涉及的电解液用添加剂包含由式(1)表示的在分子中具有三烷基甲硅烷基的中性化合物。
[化6]
式(1)中,R1相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基,R2相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基。
作为碳数1~8的烷基,直链、分支、环状均可,例如可列举出甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、c-丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、c-丁基、正戊基、c-戊基、正己基、c-己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基等。
其中,作为R1和R2,优选碳数1~4的烷基,更优选碳数1~3的烷基,进一步优选甲基。
A表示碳数1~10的亚烷基。
作为碳数1~10的亚烷基,直链、分支、环状均可,例如可列举出亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、三亚甲基、四亚甲基、五亚甲基、六亚甲基、七亚甲基、八亚甲基、九亚甲基、十亚甲基等。
其中,作为A,优选碳数2~5的亚烷基,更优选亚乙基、三亚甲基、四亚甲基,进一步优选亚乙基、三亚甲基。
X表示选自单键、亚甲基和由下述式(2)~(4)表示的任一个连接基中的1种。
[化7]
式(3)的R3表示碳数1~8的烷基,作为其具体例,可列举出与由上述R1例示的基团相同的基团。
其中,作为R3,优选碳数1~4的烷基,更优选甲基。
式(1)中的m表示1~3的整数,n表示0~2的整数,在X为单键、亚甲基、由上述式(2)表示的连接基或由上述式(3)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为2,在X为由上述式(4)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为3。
特别优选m为2或3、n为0的化合物。
作为由式(1)表示的化合物的具体例,可列举出由下述式(1A)~(1D)表示的化合物,但并不限定于这些。
[化8]
(式中,Me意指甲基。)
上述的在分子中具有各种三烷基甲硅烷基的中性化合物能够采用公知的方法合成。
例如,化合物(1B)能够采用使1,1’-羰基二咪唑与3-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙醇反应等方法合成。
另外,化合物(1D)能够采用使甲基膦酞二氯与3-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙醇在二异丙基乙基胺等碱的存在下反应等方法合成。
应予说明,化合物(1A)和化合物(1C)均为公知物质,化合物(1A)例如能够采用文献M.Philipp等,Electrochimica Acta 173(2015)687记载的方法等合成,化合物(1C)例如能够采用新实验化学讲座12有机金属化学丸善株式会社昭和51年3月20日发行第340页记载的方法等合成。
本发明的电解液用添加剂能够添加到包含有机溶剂和电解质盐的电解液中而使用。
作为有机溶剂,能够从以往用作电解液用溶剂的各种有机溶剂中适当地选择使用,作为其具体例,可列举出甲醇、乙醇等醇类;二丁基醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-乙氧基甲氧基乙烷、甲基二甘醇二甲醚、甲基三甘醇二甲醚、甲基四甘醇二甲醚、乙基甘醇二甲醚、乙基二甘醇二甲醚、丁基二甘醇二甲醚、乙基溶纤剂、乙基卡必醇、丁基溶纤剂、丁基卡必醇等链状醚类;四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、1,3-二氧戊环、4,4-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷等杂环式醚类;γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、δ-己内酯、3-甲基-1,3-噁唑啉-2-酮、3-乙基-1,3-噁唑啉-2-酮等内酯类;N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等酰胺类;碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丁酯等碳酸酯类;1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮等咪唑啉类;乙腈、丙腈等腈类;己二腈、戊二腈等二腈类;环丁砜、乙基甲基砜、乙基2-甲氧基乙基砜等砜类;磷酸甲酯、磷酸三乙酯等磷酸酯类、以及它们的氟取代体等,这些能够单独地使用或者将2种以上混合使用。
其中,优选包含碳酸酯类的有机溶剂,更优选包含2种以上的碳酸酯类的有机溶剂。
另一方面,根据蓄电器件的种类来适当地选择电解质盐,作为其具体例,可列举出四氟硼酸锂、六氟磷酸锂、双(三氟甲磺酰基)胺锂、双(氟磺酰基)胺锂、高氯酸锂、醋酸锂、三氟醋酸锂、苯甲酸锂、对甲苯磺酸锂、硝酸锂、溴化锂、碘化锂等锂盐;四甲基铵六氟磷酸盐、四乙基铵六氟磷酸盐、四丙基铵六氟磷酸盐、甲基三乙基铵六氟磷酸盐、四乙基铵四氟硼酸盐、四乙基铵高氯酸盐等季铵盐;双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺锂、双(氟磺酰基)亚胺锂等。
特别地,本发明的电解液用添加剂为中性分子,因此即使在以六氟磷酸锂为首的锂盐作为电解质盐的情况下,也能够优选使用。
对电解液中的电解质盐的浓度并无特别限定,通常为0.5~3mol/L左右,优选0.8~2mol/L左右,更优选0.9~1.5mol/L左右。
就电解液中的本发明的电解液用添加剂的添加量而言,只要发挥提高耐电压的效果,则并无特别限制,如果考虑有效率地发挥耐电压提高效果,在电解液整体(100质量%)中,优选0.01质量%以上,更优选0.05质量%以上,进一步优选0.1质量%以上,更进一步优选0.5质量%以上。
另外,就其上限而言,由于也可作为溶剂使用,因此并无特别限制。
另外,本发明的电解液用添加剂能够用作电解液用溶剂。
这种情况下,可只将本发明的电解液用添加剂作为电解液用溶剂,也可与上述的各种电解液用溶剂组合使用。从进一步提高电解液的耐电压的观点出发,优选只使用本发明的电解液用添加剂作为电解液用溶剂,可考虑电解质盐的溶解性,适当地与其他的电解液混合。
作为本发明中的蓄电器件,并无特别限制,可列举出双电层电容器、锂离子电容器、氧化还原电容器、锂二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂空气电池、质子聚合物电池等各种蓄电器件。
本发明的蓄电器件只要包括包含上述的电解液用添加剂的电解液,则并无特别限制,例如,可列举出包括具有正极集电体和在其表面形成的正极活性物质层的正极、具有负极集电体和在其表面形成的负极活性物质层的负极、和在这些各极间存在的隔板的一般的二次电池;在具有正极(空气极)层和负极层、和在各极间配置的电解液层的空气电池中应用了包含本发明的电解液用添加剂的电解液的电池;或者在包括一对极化性电极、在这些电极间存在的隔板、和电解液而构成的双电层电容器中应用了包含本发明的电解液用添加剂的电解液的电池等。
作为构成上述二次电池的各材料,可从以往公知的材料中适当地选择使用,并无特别限制,如果列举出其一例,则如下所述。
作为正极集电体的具体例,可列举出铝箔、铝合金箔等,也能够将它们的发泡体、无纺布状等的三维多孔体用于集电体。
作为正极活性物质的具体例,可列举出能可逆地负载锂的活性炭、碳纳米管等碳质材料、具有橄榄石型的结晶结构、层状岩盐型的结晶结构、或尖晶石型的结晶结构的锂氧化物等。作为活性炭原料,可列举出椰子壳、酚醛树脂、石油焦炭等,另外,作为活性炭原料的活化方法,可列举出水蒸汽活化法、熔融碱活化法等。作为锂氧化物,可列举出由通式LiMPO4(M为Fe(II)、Mn(II)、Co(II)、Ni(II)中的一个以上)表示的复合氧化物、钴酸锂(LiCoO2)、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、Li2MnO3、LiNi0.8Co0.2O2等NiCo系等。
作为负极集电体的具体例,可列举出铜箔、铜合金箔、镍箔、镍合金箔、不锈钢箔、铝箔、铝合金箔等。
作为负极活性物质的具体例,只要是可吸储·放出锂离子的物质,则并无特别限制,可列举出碳质材料(石墨等)、硅氧化物、硅合金、锡氧化物、锡合金、锂单质、能够形成锂合金的金属,例如铝、铅、锡、铟、铋、银、钡、钙、汞、钯、铂、碲、锌、镧等。这些可单独使用1种,也可将2种以上组合使用。从安全性的观点出发,优选碳质材料或锂复合氧化物。进而,从高电流密度充放电特性的观点出发,优选含有Ti(钛)、Li(锂)或Ti和Li这两者的物质(例如钛酸锂等)。
另外,上述正极活性物质和负极活性物质可与导电材料一起使用。
作为导电材料,可列举出炭黑、科琴黑、乙炔黑、碳晶须、碳纤维、天然石墨、人造石墨、氧化钛、氧化钌、铝、镍等。
正极和负极活性物质层能够通过将包含以上说明的活性物质、粘结剂聚合物、以及根据需要使用的导电材料和溶剂的电极浆料在集电体上涂布,根据需要在加热下干燥而形成。
作为粘结剂聚合物,能够从公知的材料中适当地选择使用,例如可列举出聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物[P(VDF-HFP)]、偏氟乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物[P(VDF-CTFE)]、聚乙烯醇、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)等。
作为溶剂,根据粘结剂聚合物的种类来选择,一般地,使用N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、水。
再有,对于形成了活性物质层的电极可根据需要进行压制。
作为隔板的具体例,可列举出聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃系隔板、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等聚酯系隔板、聚酰胺系隔板、聚酰亚胺系隔板、纤维素系隔板、玻璃纤维系隔板等。
另外,作为构成上述双电层电容器的各材料,也可从以往公知的材料中适当地选择使用,并无特别限制,如果列举出其一例,则如下所述。
作为一般的极化性电极,可列举出将包含碳质材料和粘结剂聚合物和根据需要使用的导电材料的组合物在集电体上涂布而成的电极。
作为碳质材料,并无特别限制,可列举出以往公知的各种碳质材料,例如可列举出活性炭、石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、碳纳米突等。
作为正极集电体的具体例,可列举出铝箔、铝合金箔等。
作为负极集电体的具体例,可列举出铜箔、铜合金箔、镍箔、镍合金箔、不锈钢箔等。
此外,作为粘结剂聚合物、导电材料,可列举出与二次电池中例示的粘结剂聚合物、导电材料相同的粘结剂聚合物、导电材料。
另外,在上述组合物的制备时可使用溶剂。根据粘结剂聚合物的种类来选择该溶剂,这种情况下,优选N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、水。
作为隔板的具体例,可列举出与二次电池中例示的隔板相同的隔板。
本发明的蓄电器件例如能够通过将在一对电极间经由隔板而成的器件结构体层叠、折叠、或卷绕,根据需要形成为硬币型等,将其收容于电池罐或层叠袋等电池容器中后,填充包含本发明的电解液用添加剂的电解液,如果为电池罐,则将罐密封,另一方面,如果为层叠袋,则热封(热熔接)而得到。
实施例
以下列举出合成例、实施例和比较例,对本发明更具体地说明,但本发明并不限定于下述的实施例。应予说明,使用的分析装置和条件如下所述。
[1]1H-NMR波谱
装置:日本电子(株)制ECZ-400S
[2]循环伏安法
装置:北斗电工(株)制电化学测定装置HSV-100
定温恒温槽:エスペック(株)SU-241
测定条件:在干燥环境下,温度25℃下,将玻璃碳电极用于作用极,将铂电极用于对电极,将Ag/AgNO3电极用于参照极,以扫描速度5mV/秒进行了测定。
[1]电解液用添加剂的合成
[合成例1]化合物(1B)的合成
[化9]
在茄形烧瓶中,量取1,1’-羰基二咪唑(东京化成工业(株)制造)6.49g,将烧瓶冰冷。在冰冷下,搅拌的状态下慢慢地滴入3-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙醇(西格玛奥德里奇公司制造)11.64g。
滴入结束后,移除冰浴,在恢复到室温后,用油浴加热到80℃,在该温度下继续搅拌2小时。移除油浴,在恢复到室温后,加入己烷(和光纯药工业(株)制造)100ml,转移到分液漏斗。加入水100ml,振荡、静置,进行了3次将下层的水层除去的清洗作业后,对于上层,使用蒸发器、接着使用真空泵进行溶剂馏除,浓缩。将得到的反应混合物倒入展开溶剂己烷:醋酸乙酯(和光纯药工业(株)制造)=4:1(v/v)的硅胶柱中进行精制,得到了作为目标物的化合物(1B)10.06g。将化合物(1B)的1H-NMR谱图(溶剂:氘代氯仿)示于图1中。
[合成例2]化合物(1D)的合成
[化10]
使甲基膦酞二氯(东京化成工业(株)制造)7.67g和1H-四唑(和光纯药工业(株)制造)0.32g溶解于甲苯(和光纯药工业(株)制造)709ml中。边剧烈地搅拌,边用约2小时滴入3-三甲基甲硅烷基-1-丙醇15.20g和二异丙基乙基胺(东京化成工业(株)制造)10.86ml,然后搅拌了一晚。翌日,将反应溶液原样地装入硅胶,采用使用了二乙基醚(关东化学(株)制造)-醋酸乙酯=9:1(v/v)的硅胶柱色谱进行分离精制,得到了作为目标物的化合物(1D)11.54g。将化合物(1D)的1H-NMR谱图(溶剂:氘代氯仿)示于图2中。
[合成例3]化合物(1A)的合成
[化11]
化合物(1A)为公知物质,可采用公知的方法合成。
其中,氯甲酸甲酯与3-三乙基甲硅烷基丙醇的反应后,通过蒸馏精制得到了化合物(1A)。
[合成例4]化合物(1C)的合成
[化12]
化合物(1C)为公知物质,可采用公知的方法合成。
其中,采用新实验化学讲座12有机金属化学丸善株式会社昭和51年3月20日发行第340页记载的方法合成了化合物(1C)。
[2]电解液的制备
[实施例1]
在1MLiPF6碳酸二甲酯(DMC)溶液中添加化合物(1B)以致成为1质量%的浓度,制备电解液。
[实施例2~4]
除了使用了化合物(1D)、化合物(1A)或化合物(1C)以外,与实施例1同样地制备了电解液。
对于上述实施例1~4中制备的电解液和1MLiPF6DMC溶液(比较例1),进行了循环伏安法测定。将测定结果示于图3、4中。
如图3中所示那样,加入本发明的电解液用添加剂制备的电解液与没有加入该添加剂的电解液相比,可知氧化侧的耐电压提高。另一方面,如图4中所示那样,可知对于还原侧的电位窗没有造成大的影响。
再有,在图3、4中,α表示化合物(1D),β表示化合物(1C),γ表示化合物(1A),δ表示化合物(1B)。
Claims (18)
1.电解液用添加剂,其包含由式(1)表示的在分子中具有三烷基甲硅烷基的中性化合物,
式中,R1相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基,R2相互独立地表示碳数1~8的烷基,A表示碳数1~10的亚烷基,X表示选自由下述式(2)~(4)表示的任一个连接基中的1种,m表示1~3的整数,n表示0的整数,在X为由下述式(2)表示的连接基或由下述式(3)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为2,在X为由下述式(4)表示的连接基的情况下m+n为3,
式(3)中,R3表示碳数1~8的烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电解液用添加剂,其中,所述R1相互独立地表示碳数1~4的烷基,所述X表示选自由上述式(2)及(3)表示的任一个连接基中的1种,所述m为2。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电解液用添加剂,其中,所述R1全部为甲基。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的电解液用添加剂,其中,所述A为碳数2~5的亚烷基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电解液用添加剂,其包含由下述式(1B)及(1D)表示的任一个化合物,
式中,Me意指甲基。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的电解液用添加剂,其为电解液的耐电压提高剂。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的电解液用添加剂,其为电解液用溶剂。
8.电解液,其包含权利要求1~7中任一项所述的电解液用添加剂、有机溶剂和电解质盐。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电解液,其中,所述有机溶剂包含碳酸酯类。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电解液,其中,所述有机溶剂包含2种以上的碳酸酯类。
11.电解液,其包含权利要求1~7中任一项所述的电解液用添加剂和电解质盐,不含有机溶剂。
12.蓄电器件,其使用权利要求8~11中任一项所述的电解液而构成。
13.蓄电器件,其使用权利要求1~7中任一项所述的电解液用添加剂而构成。
14.根据权利要求12所述的蓄电器件,其为二次电池或双电层电容器。
15.根据权利要求13所述的蓄电器件,其为二次电池或双电层电容器。
16.提高电解液的耐电压的方法,其通过将权利要求1~7中任一项所述的电解液用添加剂加入包含溶剂和电解质盐的电解液中以提高电解液的耐电压。
17.由下述式(1B)表示的化合物,
式中,Me意指甲基。
18.由下述式(1D)表示的化合物,
式中,Me意指甲基。
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