CN113597997A - Method for direct seeding prevention and control of weeds by rice flooding - Google Patents
Method for direct seeding prevention and control of weeds by rice flooding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113597997A CN113597997A CN202110647742.3A CN202110647742A CN113597997A CN 113597997 A CN113597997 A CN 113597997A CN 202110647742 A CN202110647742 A CN 202110647742A CN 113597997 A CN113597997 A CN 113597997A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical group C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000234653 Cyperus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000192043 Echinochloa Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001553700 Euphorbia lathyris Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000013557 Plantaginaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001290610 Abildgaardia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000722731 Carex Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219050 Polygonaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555922 Potamogeton crispus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for directly seeding, preventing and controlling weeds by flooding rice, which comprises the following operation steps: (1) variety selection, (2) land preparation and field flattening, (3) base fertilizer application, (4) deep sowing, (5) water flooding weeding, (6) auxiliary weeding, and (7) conventional cultivation management. The invention utilizes the flooding to directly sow the rice to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling the weeds. Avoids environmental pollution caused by excessive application of the herbicide, and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for directly seeding and preventing and controlling weeds by flooding rice.
Background
Weeds in the rice field compete with rice for space, sunlight, water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other resources, photosynthesis of rice plants is weakened, the rice plants grow badly, and the yield and the quality are reduced; meanwhile, a plurality of weeds are also intermediate hosts or overwintering hosts of rice diseases and pests, and can induce or aggravate the degree of the damage of the rice diseases and pests. In rice planting, weeds include grassy weeds, sedges, and the like. Grasses begin to harm early in the growth of rice, while sedge and other weeds begin to harm mid-growth of rice. The semen Euphorbiae is bred in a large quantity in a dry-wet alternative environment, the potamogeton crispus and the weeds of algae are easy to damage in a deep-water rice field, and the weeds of compositae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, Plantaginaceae and the like are also harmful to the field ridge. In order to avoid the influence of weed damage on the growth of rice, farmers generally spray or artificially weed, if a large amount of herbicide is used, the environment pollution is caused, the rice can be influenced, the yield of the rice is reduced, and if the herbicide is used for a long time, the drug resistance of weeds can be generated; manual weeding requires a lot of labor and is costly.
The invention discloses a direct seeding cultivation method of paddy rice without herbicide in Chinese patent with application number of 201911406844.5, and discloses a technical scheme of direct seeding of paddy rice by flooding, but the technical scheme of the patent does not solve the technical problem of low germination rate of the flooding direct seeding of common flooding-intolerant paddy rice under flooding direct seeding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that in the prior art, the herbicide is applied for a long time to pollute the environment, the weeds can generate drug resistance, the labor cost of manual weeding is high, and the emergence rate of rice is not high when the weeds are directly sown in common flooding, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling the weeds by utilizing the deep water planting of the rice, which can obviously inhibit the growth of the weeds on the premise of reducing the cost and not polluting the environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for directly seeding, preventing and controlling weeds by flooding rice comprises the following operation steps:
(1) land preparation and field flattening: preparing soil, wherein the height difference of fields is not more than 2cm, sowing ditches are dug, the depth of the sowing ditches is 1-1.5cm, and the direct sowing ditches do not collapse within 5 days; making ridges, wherein the height of the ridges is more than 15 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application: deeply applying base fertilizer at a position 4.5-5.5cm away from the sowing trench, wherein the application depth is more than 10 cm;
(3) deep sowing: sowing rice seeds in a sowing ditch, collapsing the seeds into soil, and burying the seeds deeply in the soil by 0.5-0.8cm to ensure that the surface of a field is smooth and no seeds are exposed;
(4) water flooding and weeding: after sowing, shallow irrigation is carried out at intervals of 24-48h, water is discharged into the field every 2-3d, and the water depth is maintained to be 5-8 cm; draining and exposing the paddy field for 48-72 hours in the germination and seedling stage of the rice seeds 7-10 days after flooding irrigation; and (4) immediately re-watering after the field exposure time is finished until the water depth of the rice field is 8-10cm, replenishing water to enter the field every 3-5 days or when the water level is lower than 5cm, and keeping the water depth to be 7-10cm until seedlings are sufficiently dried in the field.
Preferably, the rice seeds in step (3) are waterflooding-resistant rice seeds, preferably LS128 rice seeds.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (2) is a compound fertilizer, wherein N is P2O5:K2O is 15:15:15, and the dosage is 550-600kg/hm2。
Preferably, the sowing density of the flooding-resistant rice seeds in the step (3) is 160-195 grains/m 2.
And (4) spreading the copper sulfate mixture and the plant growth regulator to the dense green moss positions in the rice field when the water is drained and the field is exposed.
Preferably, the copper sulfate mixture comprises copper sulfate and finely divided moisture soil, wherein the amount of the copper sulfate is 3.00-3.25kg/hm2The dosage of the fine moisture soil is 150-2。
Preferably, the plant growth regulator is fulvic acid, and the dosage of the fulvic acid is 15-20 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method has the advantages that the method utilizes flooding direct seeding to prevent and control weeds from sowing to harvesting of rice, can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, does not apply conventional herbicides on the market, and reduces the pollution to the environment. The deep application of the base fertilizer can not affect the germination of the seeds and provide nutrients required by the later growth of the rice. The rice can grow in the later stage of the seeds by exposing soil for a short time, so that the growth of the rice roots can be promoted.
(2) The copper sulfate is applied to effectively inhibit the generation of moss in the rice field, and the adopted biological weed-killing fertilizer fulvic acid is natural and pollution-free and cannot influence the ecological environment.
(3) In the step of water logging weeding, shallow water irrigation is carried out at intervals of 24-48h after sowing, and drainage and field exposure are carried out for 48-72h in the germination and seedling emergence period of rice seeds.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Conventional rice variety materials used in the following examples were all available from conventional sources, and the source of the LS128 rice variety is described in the genetic resource source disclosure registry. The standard of selection of flooding-resistant rice seeds is as follows: under the condition of flooding treatment, the 11d emergence rate of the rice seeds is more than 50 percent; the emergence rate of 15d is more than 80 percent; the average seedling length of 15 days is more than 15 cm; the average number is more than 5; the maximum root length is more than 5 cm;
example 1
A method for directly seeding, preventing and controlling weeds by flooding rice comprises the following operation steps:
(1) land preparation and field flattening: selecting field blocks which are smooth and convenient in water inflow and drainage, level in height and uniform in fertility; land preparation, wherein the height difference of fields is 2cm, sowing grooves are drilled, the depth of the sowing grooves is 1cm, and the direct sowing grooves do not collapse within 5 days; making ridges, wherein the height of the ridges is more than 15 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application: deeply applying base fertilizer at a position 4.5cm away from the sowing trench, wherein the application depth is more than 10 cm; the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, wherein N is P2O5:K2O15: 15:15, the dosage is 550kg/hm2；
(3) Deep sowing: sowing rice seeds in a sowing ditch, collapsing the seeds into soil, burying the seeds in the soil for 0.5cm, and ensuring that the surface of a field is smooth and no seeds are exposed; the sowing density of the rice seeds is 160 grains/m2(ii) a 50 barnyard grass grains, the moleplant seeds and the nutgrass flatsedge seeds are respectively sown by 0.163g and 0.295g by an equal dividing method;
(4) water flooding and weeding: after sowing, shallow irrigation is carried out at intervals of 24h, water is discharged into the field every 2d, and the water depth is maintained to be 5 cm; draining water and exposing the field for 48 hours in the germination and seedling emergence period of the rice seeds 7 days after flooding irrigation; re-watering the paddy field immediately after the field exposure time is finished until the water depth of the paddy field is 8cm, replenishing water to enter the paddy field every 3 days or the water level is lower than 5cm, and keeping the water depth at 7cm until seedlings are sufficiently planted in the paddy field;
(6) and (3) conventional cultivation management: and other management is carried out according to conventional cultivation management.
Example 2
A method for directly seeding, preventing and controlling weeds by flooding rice comprises the following operation steps:
(1) land preparation and field flattening: selecting field blocks which are smooth and convenient in water inflow and drainage, level in height and uniform in fertility; land preparation, wherein the height difference of fields is 1cm, sowing grooves are drilled, the depth of the sowing grooves is 1.2cm, and the direct sowing grooves do not collapse within 5 days; making ridges, wherein the height of the ridges is more than 15 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application: deeply applying base fertilizer at a position 5.0cm away from the sowing trench, wherein the application depth is more than 10 cm; the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, wherein N is P2O5:K2O15: 15:15, and the dosage is 600kg/hm2；
(3) Deep sowing: sowing rice seeds in the sowing trench, collapsing the seeds into soil, burying the seeds in the soil for 0.6cm, and ensuring that the surface of the ridge is smooth and no seeds are exposed; the density of the rice seeds is 180 grains/m2(ii) a 50 barnyard grass grains, the moleplant seeds and the nutgrass flatsedge seeds are respectively sown by 0.163g and 0.295g by an equal dividing method;
(4) water flooding and weeding: carrying out shallow irrigation at an interval of 48h after sowing, discharging water into the field every 2.5d, and maintaining the water depth to be 7 cm; draining water and exposing the field for 60 hours in the germination and emergence period of the rice seeds 8 days after flooding irrigation; after the field exposure time is finished, immediately re-watering until the water depth of the rice field is 9cm, replenishing water to enter the field every 4 days or when the water depth is lower than 5cm, and keeping the water depth at 9cm until seedlings are sufficiently planted;
(5) auxiliary weeding: spreading a copper sulfate mixture and a plant growth regulator to the dense green moss positions in the rice field during the field exposure period; the copper sulfate mixture comprises copper sulfate and finely-divided moisture soil, and the dosage of the copper sulfate is 3.25kg/hm2The dosage of the finely-divided moisture soil is 180g/hm2(ii) a The plant growth regulator is fulvic acid, and the dosage is 17 kg/mu;
(6) and (3) conventional cultivation management: and other management is carried out according to conventional cultivation management.
Example 3
A method for directly seeding, preventing and controlling weeds by flooding rice comprises the following operation steps:
(1) land preparation and field flattening: selecting field blocks which are smooth and convenient in water inflow and drainage, level in height and uniform in fertility; preparing soil, wherein the height difference of fields is 0.5cm, sowing grooves are drilled, the depth of the sowing grooves is 1.5cm, and the direct sowing grooves do not collapse within 5 days; making ridges, wherein the height of the ridges is more than 15 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application: deeply applying base fertilizer at a position 5.5cm away from the sowing trench, wherein the application depth is more than 10 cm; the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, wherein N is P2O5:K2O15: 15:15, and the dosage is 580kg/hm2；
(3) Deep sowing: sowing rice seeds in the sowing trench, collapsing the seeds into soil, burying the seeds in the soil for 0.8cm, and ensuring that the surface of the ridge is smooth and no seeds are exposed; the density of the rice seeds is 195 grains/m2(ii) a 50 barnyard grass grains, the moleplant seeds and the nutgrass flatsedge seeds are respectively sown by 0.163g and 0.295g by an equal dividing method;
(4) water flooding and weeding: after sowing, shallow irrigation is carried out at intervals of 30h, water is discharged into the field every 3d, and the water depth is maintained to be 8 cm; draining water and exposing the field for 72h in the germination and seedling emergence period of the rice seeds 10d after flooding irrigation; re-watering immediately after the field exposure time is finished until the water depth of the rice field is 10cm, replenishing water to enter the field every 5 days or the water level is lower than 5cm, and keeping the water depth at 10cm until seedlings are sufficiently planted in the field;
(5) auxiliary weeding: spreading copper sulfate mixture to dense moss place in rice field during open field period and plant growthA modulator; the copper sulfate mixture comprises copper sulfate and finely-divided moisture soil, and the dosage of the copper sulfate is 3.0kg/hm2The dosage of the finely-divided moisture soil is 170g/hm2(ii) a The plant growth regulator is fulvic acid, and the using amount is 20 kg/mu;
(6) and (3) conventional cultivation management: and other management is carried out according to conventional cultivation management.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that flooding treatment is not performed and water management is normal.
Test examples
(1) Test protocol
Seeds of the varieties Zhongjiazao 17, Luliangyou 996, Wuyou Huazhan, Huanghuazhan, Meixiangzhan, Longliangyouhuazhan and LS128 rice were tested in the field according to the methods of the above example 1 and comparative example 1.
(2) Recording data
After 25 days, plants were removed, and the average values of the length of seedlings, the length of roots, the rate of emergence, the total dry matter weight (de-enzyming at 105 ℃ for 30min and drying at 80 ℃) of each variety of rice in the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, the maximum root length of each plant, the number of roots of each plant, and the total width of 10 stems were recorded. Additionally observing whether a weed condition occurs;
(3) the test results are shown in tables 1 and 2
TABLE 1 measurement results of rice plants planted by the methods of example 1 and comparative example 1
TABLE 2 measurement results of rice plants planted by the methods of example 1 and comparative example 1
The plants are taken out after 25 days of the rice planted by the methods of the seed examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 of the seeds of the varieties Zhongjiazao 17, Luliangyou 996, Wuyou Huazhan, Huanghuazhan, Meixiangzhan, Longliangyouhuazhan and LS128 rice.
The results show that the seedling indexes of the LS128 rice variety are obviously higher than those of the conventional variety under the direct seeding and flooding cultivation conditions, and the screened material can meet the requirement of inhibiting weeds and ensuring the growth of the rice variety under the seedling flooding condition.
Under the flooding condition, the growth of weeds is obviously inhibited, the growth potential difference between rice and weeds can be formed after water is drained, and the competitive advantages of the rice on temperature, illumination and moisture in the ecological environment of the field are ensured; but the data of the maximum root length of each plant, the number of roots of each plant and the total width of 10 stems are reduced compared with the data of the conventional cultivation treatment.
Claims (8)
1. A method for directly seeding, preventing and controlling weeds by flooding rice is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) land preparation and field flattening: preparing soil, wherein the height difference of fields is not more than 2cm, sowing ditches are dug, the depth of the sowing ditches is 1-1.5cm, and the direct sowing ditches do not collapse within 5 days; making ridges, wherein the height of the ridges is more than 15 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application: deeply applying base fertilizer at a position 4.5-5.5cm away from the sowing trench, wherein the application depth is more than 10 cm;
(3) deep sowing: sowing rice seeds in a sowing ditch, collapsing the seeds into soil, and burying the seeds deeply in the soil by 0.5-0.8cm to ensure that the surface of a field is smooth and no seeds are exposed;
(4) water flooding and weeding: after sowing, shallow irrigation is carried out at intervals of 24-48h, water is discharged into the field every 2-3d, and the water depth is maintained to be 5-8 cm; draining and exposing the paddy field for 48-72 hours in the germination and seedling stage of the rice seeds 7-10 days after flooding irrigation; and (4) immediately re-watering after the field exposure time is finished until the water depth of the rice field is 8-10cm, replenishing water to enter the field every 3-5 days or when the water level is lower than 5cm, and keeping the water depth to be 7-10cm until seedlings are sufficiently dried in the field.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the step (2) is a compound fertilizer, wherein N is P2O5:K2O is 15:15:15, and the dosage is 550-600kg/hm2。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rice seeds in step (3) are water-tolerant rice seeds.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said water-tolerant rice seed is LS128 rice seed.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the planting density of the water-flooded rice seeds is 160-195 grains/m2。
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture of copper sulfate and the plant growth regulator is sprinkled to the rice field at a dense area of moss when the open field is drained in step (4).
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the copper sulfate mixture comprises copper sulfate and finely divided moisture, the copper sulfate being present in an amount of 3.00-3.25kg/hm2The dosage of the fine moisture soil is 150-2。
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the plant growth regulator is fulvic acid in an amount of 15-20 kg/acre.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114532125A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for reducing harm of weeds in rice field |
| CN115136858A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-10-04 | 江西省中医药研究院 | Rice-plantago efficient crop rotation ecological planting technology and application |
-
2021
- 2021-06-10 CN CN202110647742.3A patent/CN113597997A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114532125A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for reducing harm of weeds in rice field |
| CN115136858A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-10-04 | 江西省中医药研究院 | Rice-plantago efficient crop rotation ecological planting technology and application |
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